Great Depression 1934-1935 By Trey Benally

New Deal Job availability and money to the poor Government involvement Social Security National Labor relations act WPA PWA

Citizens relied on the government for support Was the instrument in spurring economic growth

Franklin D. Roosevelt supported labor- New Deal Works Progress Administration (WPA) Civil Works Administration (CWA) Public Works Administration (PWA)

Union Uprising Organized Labor declining 1933- about 3 million union members Skilled Craft Unions and with the AFL Roosevelt for Private-sector unions “A fundamental individual right” Investments in job programs and workers

Union Uprising American Federation of Labor (AFL) Group made up of various craft and trade To gain collective bargaining powers Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

Union Uprising AFL organized strike on the Electric Auto-Lite Company 22% hourly wage hike 2 dead w/hundreds injured May 1934

Minneapolis General Drivers and Helpers Union (Teamsters) Unionizing in hopes of raise

Union Uprising United Textile Workers (UTW) NRA permitting 25% cuts in working hours and pay September 3 (labor Day) workers went on strike Stretched from South Carolina to Massachusetts Plant to plant stretch

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Georgia, North and South Carolina, Eugene Talmadge declared statewide martial law bringing strikers to internment camps

Union Uprising FDR was able to suppress the progress National Industrial Recovery Act 1933- suspended antitrust laws Alliance of industries Right to organize unions No requirement of joining a labour organization

Declared Unconstitutional May 1935

Harry L. Hopkins Born August 17, 1890, Sioux, Iowa New Deal Democratic administrator Worked closely with Eleanor Roosevelt to promote and defend other relief agencies Negotiator Winston Churchhill Joseph Stalin

FERA Federal Emergency Relief Act May 22, 1933

Harry L Hopkins Former president and executive director of the NY State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration

FERA Adequacy of relief measures Providing work for employable people on the relif rolls Diversification of relief programs Work cooperatively with state government Federal grants

Replaced by the Works Progress Administration

Civil Works Administration November 8, 1933 Subdivision of FERA Employment

Aimed at unskilled laborers Improved bridges, airports, and pipelines

Employed more than 4 million people $15 a week

Public Works Administration June 16, 1933 Large-scale public works contruction agency Billions of $$ to be reserved for construction Employment Funded more than 34,000 projects Conservation in public policy planning

More than $6 billion spent

Works Progress Administration 1935- Congress established the WPA Employed 8.5 million people Average Salary of $41.57 a month

WPA employees Bridges, roads, public buildings and airports

Harry Hopkins Largest relief program

Unemployment

https://youtu.be/b6KSOaaWqb4

Wagner Act - July 5, 1935 National Labor Relations Act (1935) - Sen. Robert F. Wagner To establish the legal right of workers to join labor unions to bargain collectively with their employers Government involvement with labor relations

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Administer NLR Power to decide labor disputes

Wagner Act Opposed by Republicans and big business. Challenged in Court violation of the “freedom of contract” unconstitutional intrusion

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937). Upheld

Wagner Act National Labor Relations Board To decide, when petitioned by employees, if an appropriate bargaining unit of employees exists for collective bargaining To determine by secret-ballot elections whether the employees in a business or industry wish to be represented by labour unions To prevent or correct unfair labour practices by employers and unions.

Dr. Francis Townsend Born January 13, 1867, Illinois Townsend Plan Monthly retirement pensions to citizens over the age of 60 $200 a month from government Keep the elderly out of poverty Published his ideas in newspapers in 1933

Dr. Francis Townsend Townsendites Gained a great amount of support Critics of the New Deal

Townsends influences led the Roosevelt Administration to adopt a version similar to the Townsend Plan Social Security Act

Social Security Act August 14, 1935 A permanent national old-age pension through employer and employee contributions Retired workers age 65 or older Eventually became available for the blind persons, handicapped, maternal and child welfare, and public health

Cushion

Social Security Act Public Assistance Federal government would have to match state expenditures Decision was left for the states

Unemployment Compensation “Insurance”

Old-Age Insurance Financed by tax on employers and employees

Huey Long Born August 30, 1893, in Winnfield Louisiana Became Governor of Louisiana in 1928 “Kingfish” Supported the impoverished Public Works Welfare Legislation Increased tax

Huey Long Manipulative Autocratic-Intimidation U.S senate 1932- fired legally lieutenant governor Paul Cyr

1934- Louisiana government Abolished local government Personal control of all educational, police, and fire job appointments Control of militia, judiciary, and election and tax-assessing apparatus

Huey Long 1932-1935 “Every man a king”, ”Share Our Wealth” Redistribute the nation’s wealth more fairly Restructured federal tax code and sharing revenue with the public Capped personal fortunes at $50 million A four week vacation for every worker Regulation of commodities to stabilize the prices

Charles Coughlin Born October 25, 1891, Ontario Canada Greatly renowned for his radio broadcasts “Radio Priest” The Hour of Power

Political Interest Anti-Hoover Anti-New deal

Charles Coughlin Early supporter of FDR Through his broadcasts he encouraged votes towards FDR FDR however, only wanted the endorsements

Coughlin became a puppet for FDR FDR managed to continue to gain support for his New Deal Tricked Coughlin to think he played a vital role

Audience of millions

Charles Coughlin National Union for Social Justice (NUSJ) Political action group- Washington D.C Social Justice

Antisemitism Prejudice against Jews “International Bankers”

Died of heart failure on October 27, 1979

OPCVL Origin Created by Clifford Berryman “Washington Post” in 1933 Displays FDR being portrayed as a child during the Christmas holiday while talking to Uncle Sam

Purpose HIghlight flaws in FDR’s programs. FDR was unsure whether or not that his programs would work. The stockings (representing the programs) are awaiting a fulfillment that FDR is seeking. FDR is waiting for progress to appear. Uncle Sam represents the U.S

OPCVL Purpose Uncle Sam giving FDR a unknowing sense of approvement allows FDR to proceed with hope. Being portrayed as a child FDR is characterized with gullible and naive qualities.

Value As a cartoon in the “Washington Post”, it was widely viewed. This gave the public an insight towards opportunites that are bound to fail, because they were awaited for use by a “child”. The cartoon was primarily suppose to further enhance skeptism of persons that already had grasp. Indicates a slow restoration of the economy and society because FDR must wait to see progress.

Bibliography Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Jan. 2017 "Social Security." Social Security History. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017. “Social Security Act." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 5 Aug. 2010. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/68456. Accessed 8 Jan. 2017."Depression-political Cartoons." Apus-b - Depression-political Cartoons. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.

Bibliography Buchholz, Rogene A. "National Industrial Recovery Act." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 07 Feb. 2014. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.

"Harry Hopkins." Harry Hopkins. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017. "Essay: The Federal Emergency Relief Administration." ::: Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Collection :::. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017. "Public Works Administration." Public Works Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.