GRAAD 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2010 ANNEXURE
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2 NSC – Annexure
FIGURE 1.1
FIGUUR 1.1
Global winds/Globale winde
Y
Equator/Ewenaar
0°
X
30° Z
60°
W
FIGURE 1.2
FIGUUR 1.2
D
B●
C
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E A
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FIGURE 1.3
Tropical cyclone Fanele leaves trail of destruction in Madagascar For several days in the middle of January 2009, a very weak low-level circulation persisted in the Mozambique Channel. Environmental conditions favoured the rapid development of the cyclone. Fanele quickly strengthened, developing an eye feature late on 19 January. Fanele slammed into Madagascar in the early hours of Wednesday morning at wind speeds of up to 260 kilometres per hour. As it passed over the southern highlands it weakened quickly over the land. Within four hours of moving ashore its wind speed decreased and the eye feature dissipated.
Formed
18 January 2009
Dissipated 23 January 2009 Highest winds
185 km/h (115 mph) (10 minutes sustained) 185 km/h
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FIGUUR1.3
Tropiese sikloon Fanele laat spoor van verwoesting in Madagaskar Vir etlike dae in die middel van Januarie 2009 het 'n baie swak laagdruksirkulasie oor die Mosambiekkanaal voorgekom. Omgewingstoestande het die vinnige ontwikkeling van 'n sikloon bevorder. Fanele het vinnig versterk en tot die ontwikkeling van 'n oog, laat op 19 Januarie gelei. Fanele het Madagaskar in die vroeë ure van Woensdagmôre met windsnelhede van tot 260 kilometer per uur getref. Soos wat dit oor die suidelike hooglande beweeg het, het dit vinnig oor die land verswak. Binne enkele ure nadat dit oor die land inbeweeg het, het die windsnelheid afgeneem en het die oog ontbind.
Ontstaan
18 Januarie 2009
Ontbind
23 Januarie 2009
Sterkste winde
185 km/h (115 mph) (10 minute volgehou) 185 km/h
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FIGURE 1.4
NITROUS ACID
No binding carbon cuts No commitment to aid
FIGUUR 1.4
SALPETERIGSUUR
… EN DIE BLAAM-VERSKUIWENDE UITINGE VAN DIE RYK LANDE IN KOPENHAGEN
Geen bindende koolstofinkorting Geen verbintenis tot hulpverlening
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FIGURE 1.5
6 NSC – Annexure
DBE/November 2010
FIGUUR 1.5
400 buried in Taiwanese mudslide Taipei: A mudslide touched off by a typhoon has buried a mountain village in Taiwan, leaving at least 400 people unaccounted for. Typhoon Morakot slammed Taiwan over the weekend with 2 000 mm of rain. A disaster appeared to be unfolding at the southern village of Shiao Lin, hit by a mudslide on Sunday and now cut off by land from the outside world. A Taiwanese official said 400 people were unaccounted for in the village.
400 begrawe in Taiwanese modderstortings Taipei: 'n Modderstorting wat deur 'n tifoon veroorsaak is, het 'n bergdorpie in Taiwan begrawe en ten minste 400 mense is nog vermis. Tifoon Morakot het Taiwan die naweek getref met 2 000 mm reën. Dit lyk asof 'n ramp besig is om te ontvou in die suidelike dorpie, Shiao Lin, wat Sondag deur 'n modderstorting getref is en nou per land van die buitewêreld afgesny is. 'n Taiwanese woordvoerder sê dat 400 mense steeds in die dorpie vermis word. [Daily News, 11 August/Augustus 2009]
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FIGURE 1.6
FIGUUR 1.6
Trapped and used by vegetation Vasgevang en gebruik deur plantegroei Sheet flow/Plaatvloei
Throughflow Deurvloei
Soil Grond
Impermeable rock Nie-deurlatende rots
Rainfall in mm/Reënval in mm
Discharge in CUMECS/Afloop in KUMEKS
X
Time from beginning of storm (hrs) Tyd vanaf aanvang van storm (ure)
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FIGURE 2.1
DBE/November 2010
FIGUUR 2.1 Polar/Polêr
PF
PF Polar Front PF Poolfront Ö Warm air/Warm lug Î Cold air/Koue lug Mid-latitude/Ferrel Middelbreedte/Ferrel
Tropica Tropical/Hadley
Tropiese/Hadley
Equator/Ewenaar
FIGURE 2.2
FIGUUR 2.2
Z
Y
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FIGURE 2.3
FIGUUR 2.3
E
B
A
D FIGURE 2.4
C FIGUUR 2.4
HP HD
HP = High Pressure HD = Hoogdruk
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FIGURE 2.5
FIGUUR 2.5
Dolerite Doleriet
Sandstone Sandsteen
FIGURE 2.6 Before capture Voor roof
FIGUUR 2.6
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After capture Na roof
Watershed Waterskeiding
Watershed Waterskeiding
Berg
Berg
Kort Gentle Geleidelik
Shale Skalie
Kort Steep Steil
Gentle Geleidelik
Steep Steil
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FIGURE 3.1
DBE/November 2010
FIGUUR 3.1
-----
9 0 25 m Scale for settlements A, B, C and D Skaal vir nedersettings A, B, C en D
FIGURE 3.3
FIGUUR 3.3
MEGALOPOLIS
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FIGURE 3.4
FIGUUR 3.4 Jong aktiewe mense verlaat landelike gebiede om beter lewens in die stad te soek
Baie mense ly honger
Per kapita inkomste in landelike gebiede verminder
FIGURE 3.5
Ouer mense kan nie so hard werk nie
Landbougrond verswak en word minder produktief
FIGUUR 3.5
North West Noordwes
Free State Vrystaat
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FIGURE 3.6
The Lesotho Highlands Water Project The Lesotho Highlands Water Project is Africa’s largest water transfer project as well as the largest ongoing bi-national construction project on the continent. It is an ongoing water supply project with a hydropower component, developed in partnership between the governments of Lesotho and South Africa. It comprises a system of several large dams and tunnels throughout Lesotho and South Africa. In Lesotho, it involves the rivers Malibamatso, Matsoku, Senqunyane and Senqu. In South Africa, it involves the Vaal River. The purpose of the project is to provide Lesotho with a source of income in exchange for the provision of water to the central Gauteng province where the majority of industrial and mining activity occurs in South Africa, as well as to generate hydroelectric power for Lesotho (currently almost 100% of Lesotho's requirements).
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FIGUUR 3.6
Die Lesotho Hooglandwaterprojek Die Lesotho Hooglandwaterprojek is Afrika se grootste wateroordragskema, sowel as die langste voortgesette bi-nasionale konstruksieprojek op die kontinent. Dit is 'n voortgesette watervoorsieningsprojek met 'n hidrokrag-komponent, wat in vennootskap tussen die regerings van Lesotho en Suid-Afrika ontwikkel is. Dit bestaan uit 'n stelsel van verskeie groot damme en tonnels regdeur Lesotho en Suid-Afrika. In Lesotho behels dit die Malibamatso-, Matsoku-, Senqunyane- en Senquriviere. In Suid-Afrika behels dit die Vaalrivier. Die doel van die projek is om Lesotho van 'n inkomste te voorsien in ruil vir water vir sentraal-Gauteng-provinsie waar die meeste nywerheids- en mynbou-aktiwiteite in SuidAfrika voorkom, sowel as om hidro-elektrisiteit vir Lesotho op te wek (tans ongeveer 100% van Lesotho se behoeftes).
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FIGURE 4.1
DBE/November 2010
15 NSC – Annexure
FIGUUR 4.1
FIGURE 4.3
FIGUUR 4.3 Groengordel
Voorstede
Swaar nywerhede
Ligte nywerhede
Kantore Residensieel Winkels
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FIGURE 4.4
DBE/November 2010
FIGUUR 4.4
URBAN PROBLEMS STEDELIKE PROBLEME
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FIGURE 4.5 Omar lives on the outskirts of Sialkot in Pakistan. In that city and the villages around it they make 75% of the world’s hand-stitched footballs. They produce an amazing 35 million footballs a year. 'I have been sewing footballs since I was eight. I don't like it much. But I have to do it because I have to support my family. I work in a stitching centre. I start at 7 in the morning and end at 8 in the evening. I do 4 footballs a day and earn R24 per day.' 'I saw a World Cup match in South Africa on TV in my uncle’s house. The football could have been one I sewed. But nobody at the match knew about me.' We must make more profit…
This British company supplies footballs. It gets them made …
… and then sells them to clubs and sport shops at a profit.
The less it pays for the footballs the more profit it will make …
… so it searches the world for a factory to make them cheaply
FIGUUR 4.5 Omar bly aan die buitewyke van Sialkot in Pakistan. In daardie stad en die omliggende boeredorpies maak hulle ongeveer 75% van die wêreld se handgestikte sokkerballe. Hulle vervaardig 'n ongelooflike 35 miljoen sokkerballe per jaar. 'Ek stik al sokkerballe vandat ek agt geword het. Ek hou nie eintlik daarvan nie. Maar ek moet dit doen om my gesin te onderhou. Ek werk in 'n stiksentrum. Ek begin soggens om 7 en maak saans rondom 8 klaar. Ek maak 4 sokkerballe per dag en verdien R24 per dag.' 'Ek het 'n Wêreldbekerwedstryd in Suid-Afrika op TV in my oom se huis gesien. Die sokkerbal kon een wees wat ek gestik het. Maar niemand by die wedstryd het van my geweet nie.' Hoekom word Omar so min betaal? Dit is wat gebeur:
Dié Britse maatskappy verskaf sokkerballe. Hulle maak dit …
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… en verkoop dit aan klubs en sportwinkels teen 'n wins.
Ons moet 'n groter wins maak …
Hoe minder hulle vir die sokkerballe betaal, hoe groter hul wins …
… daarom soek hulle wêreldwyd 'n fabriek om dit goedkoop te maak.
GRAAD 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2010
MARKS: 300 TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 14 pages and a 17-page annexure.
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2 NSC
DBE/November 2010
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1.
The question paper consists of FOUR questions.
2.
Answer ANY THREE questions of 100 marks each.
3.
ALL diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE.
4.
Number ALL your answers in the CENTRE of the line.
5.
Leave a line open between subsections of questions answered.
6.
Start each question at the top of a NEW page.
7.
Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
8.
Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK.
9.
ENCIRCLE the numbers of the questions that you have answered on the front page of your ANSWER BOOK.
10.
Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams.
11.
Write clearly and legibly.
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SECTION A:
DBE/November 2010
3 NSC
CLIMATE AND WEATHER, STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS
FLUVIAL
PROCESSES
AND
Answer at least ONE question from this section. QUESTION 1 1.1
Refer to FIGURE 1.1 showing global pressure belts and winds. Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1 – 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.6 A. 1.1.1
FIGURE 1.1 illustrates … circulation. A B C D
1.1.2
Convergence occurs in this area to form the ITCZ: A B C D
1.1.3
W X Y Z
This area is associated with the origin of the polar easterlies: A B C D
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W X Y Z
The northwesterlies diverge from this pressure belt: A B C D
1.1.5
W X Y Z
The westerlies and polar winds converge here to form the polar front: A B C D
1.1.4
primary secondary tertiary upper atmospheric
W X Y Z
(5 x 2)
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1.2
4 NSC
DBE/November 2010
Refer to FIGURE 1.2 showing a river system. Complete the following by filling in the missing word(s). Choose from the list below and write only the word(s) next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. confluence; source; interfluve; catchment; dendritic; river mouth; trellis; watershed 1.2.1 ... 1.2.2 ... 1.2.3 ... 1.2.4 ... 1.2.5 ...
A area of a drainage basin which supplies a river with water B point where two or more streams meet C high-lying area that separates two streams within the same drainage basin D high-lying area forming the boundary of a drainage basin E drainage pattern that has developed at E (5 x 2)
1.3
Study the information on tropical cyclone Fanele in FIGURE 1.3 before answering the questions below. State ONE condition that would have favoured the initial development of tropical cyclone Fanele. (1 x 2)
(2)
Give ONE piece of evidence from the satellite image to suggest that tropical cyclone Fanele is in its mature stage. (1 x 2)
(2)
Why does tropical cyclone Fanele generally move from east to west? (1 x 2)
(2)
Explain why tropical cyclone Fanele weakens when it moves over the southern highlands of Madagascar. (2 x 2)
(4)
1.3.5
What was the duration of tropical cyclone Fanele?
(1 x 2)
(2)
1.3.6
Give TWO reasons why the impact of tropical cyclones on human life is more severe in developing than in developed countries. (2 x 2)
(4)
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.4
(10)
Refer to the source material in FIGURE 1.4 based on the climate summit held in Copenhagen. 1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
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Name the greenhouse gas being emitted into the urban environment in Cartoon A. (1 x 2)
(2)
Besides industrial activity, explain TWO other factors that contribute to high temperatures in urban environments. (2 x 2)
(4)
Identify the greenhouse gas, associated with farming activities (Cartoon B), that is emitted into the atmosphere. (1 x 2)
(2)
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1.4.4
1.4.5
1.5
DBE/November 2010
More severe flooding is an indirect result of increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Name TWO negative effects of flooding on farming activities. (2 x 2)
(4)
Environmental groups were not happy with the decisions taken in respect of global warming at the Copenhagen Accord/Summit. With reference to Cartoon D, write a single paragraph (no longer than 12 lines), discussing possible solutions that delegates from developing countries could have proposed to reduce global warming. (6 x 2)
(12)
FIGURE 1.5 contains information on a type of mass movement (mudslide). 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5
1.6
5 NSC
What evidence in the sketch indicates that a mudslide has occurred? (1 x 2)
(2)
How was typhoon Morakot responsible for triggering the mudslide in Taiwan? (1 x 2)
(2)
State the economic impact of mass movements on small villages like the one in Taiwan. (2 x 2)
(4)
Suggest TWO ways in which humans are responsible for causing mass movements. (2 x 2)
(4)
Explain any TWO precautionary measures (methods) that people should adopt (put in place) before using slopes for development. (2 x 2)
(4)
Refer to FIGURE 1.6 which shows a river system and its flow hydrograph. 1.6.1
What is a river system?
1.6.2
Explain how the following factors influence the amount of water (discharge) that flows in the stream: (a) (b)
(2)
(1 x 2) (1 x 2)
(2) (2)
Determine the stream order at point X where the stream flows out of the drainage basin. (1 x 2)
(2)
What evidence suggests that this is a superimposed stream? (1 x 2)
(2)
1.6.5
State the lag time on the flow hydrograph.
(2)
1.6.6
The proposed development of a new urban settlement along the stream would influence the flow characteristics of the stream. Write a single paragraph (no longer than 12 lines) describing, with reasons, how the proposed urban development along the stream will change the lag time and the flood peak indicated on the flow hydrograph. (6 x2)
1.6.3 1.6.4
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Impermeable bedrock Dense vegetation
(1 x 2)
(1 x 2)
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6 NSC
DBE/November 2010
QUESTION 2 2.1
2.2
Refer to FIGURE 2.1 showing the tri-cellular arrangement of atmospheric circulation. Match each statement below with the Hadley/tropical, Ferrel/midlatitude or polar cell. 2.1.1
Convergence of surface air causes uplift along the equator.
2.1.2
Occurs between 60° – 90° N of the equator.
2.1.3
Air in the upper atmosphere is heated as it moves towards the equator.
2.1.4
This is a heat-generated cell of circulation.
2.1.5
Develops on the northern side of the polar front.
(5 x 2)
Study FIGURE 2.2 showing a photograph of a section of a river. Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (2.2.1 – 2.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.6 A.. 2.2.1
The feature labelled Y is a/an … A B C D
2.2.2
The section of the river shown in the photograph is in its … course. A B C D
2.2.3
rapid. ox-bow lake. meander. floodplain.
The river shown in this photograph flows throughout the year and is therefore referred to as … A B C D
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upper middle lower base
During a flood the river is likely to break through at point Z, resulting in the formation of a/an … A B C D
2.2.4
undercut slope. slip-off slope. ox-bow lake. dip slope.
episodic. permanent/perennial. seasonal. periodic. Please turn over
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2.2.5
7 NSC
The river shown in this photograph displays a … stream channel pattern. A B C D
2.3
dendritic braided rock-controlled meandering
(5 x 2)
(10)
Refer to the synoptic weather map in FIGURE 2.3 and answer the questions below. 2.3.1
Identify the low pressure cell labelled A.
(1 x 2)
(2)
2.3.2
Indicate why the surface winds that diverge out of cell B are dry and cold. (1 x 2)
(2)
Which of the mid-latitude cyclones, labelled C and D, originated first? (1 x 2)
(2)
2.3.4
Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.3.
(1 x 2)
(2)
2.3.5
Give the term used to describe a series of mid-latitude cyclones passing over an area in quick succession. (1 x 2)
(2)
Name TWO effects of mid-latitude cyclones on farming in the Southwestern Cape. (2 x 2)
(4)
What will happen to low-pressure cell A if mid-latitude cyclone C moves further eastwards? (1 x 2)
(2)
2.3.3
2.3.6
2.3.7
2.4
DBE/November 2010
Refer to FIGURE 2.4 showing the development of the South African berg wind. Strong subsidence over the plateau of South Africa results in a well developed high-pressure cell over the interior that will result in specific weather conditions there. 2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
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Name the high-pressure cell visible in FIGURE 2.4, that results from subsidence over the plateau. (1 x 2)
(2)
How does the berg wind affect the weather along the southeast coast of South Africa? (2 x 2)
(4)
Name the environmental hazard associated with the development of berg winds. (1 x 2)
(2)
State ONE possible measure that can be introduced to reduce the impact of the environmental hazard named in QUESTION 2.4.3 (1 x 2)
(2)
During which season do berg winds mainly affect the weather along the southeast coast of South Africa? (1 x 2)
(2)
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2.4.6
2.5
DBE/November 2010
The high-pressure cell over the interior can result in drought which is a common climatic hazard in large parts of South Africa. Write a single paragraph (no more than 12 lines) in which you evaluate the effects of droughts in South Africa. In your answer refer to the environment and economic activities. (6 x 2)
(12)
FIGURE 2.5 illustrates a structural landscape typically found in the Karoo. 2.5.1
Identify landforms P and Q respectively.
(2 x 2)
(4)
2.5.2
What evidence in FIGURE 2.5 suggests that landforms P and Q developed from the same landform that existed earlier? (1 x 2)
(2)
Which rock type in FIGURE 2.5 is the most resistant to erosion? (1 x 2)
(2)
2.5.4
Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.5.3.
(1 x 2)
(2)
2.5.5
Briefly describe how landform P will change into landform Q. (3 x 2)
(6)
2.5.3
2.6
8 NSC
FIGURE 2.6 illustrates the concept of river capture/stream piracy. 2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
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Name ONE factor which could have resulted in the Berg River eroding through the watershed to capture the Kort River. (1 x 2)
(2)
Name TWO features of river capture that could develop at point X. (2 x 2)
(4)
Why is the beheaded stream (Kort River) in sketch B referred to as a misfit stream? (1 x 2)
(2)
Name TWO effects that river capture has on the captor stream (Berg River) in sketch B. (2 x 2)
(4)
Write a single paragraph (no more than 12 lines) presenting a detailed report on how river capture influences human activities along the Kort and the Berg Rivers respectively. (6 x 2)
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SECTION B:
DBE/November 2010
9 NSC
PEOPLE AND PLACES: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS, PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS
Answer at least ONE question from this section. QUESTION 3 3.1
3.2
Refer to FIGURE 3.1 illustrating settlement patterns. Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Choose the answer and write down only 'true' or 'false' next to the question number (3.1.1 – 3.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 3.1.1
FIGURE 3.1 illustrates urban settlements.
3.1.2
C developed a linear shape.
3.1.3
B represents isolated farmsteads.
3.1.4
A shows a dispersed/isolated pattern.
3.1.5
D shows a randomly dispersed pattern.
(5 x 2)
(10)
Choose a statement from COLUMN B that matches a term from COLUMN A. Write down only the letter (A – G) next to the question number (3.2.1 – 3.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.2.6 H.
3.2.1
COLUMN A Gross domestic product
COLUMN B A value added to raw materials
3.2.2
Tertiary activity
B company which has outlets/shops in different countries
3.2.3
Informal sector C provision of services
3.2.4
Balance of trade
3.2.5
Multi-national corporation
D value of all goods and services produced in a country in one year E value of all finished goods and services produced by a country's permanent inhabitants in one year F the trade involving businesses not registered with the government and occupying premises illegally G the difference in value between a country's imports and exports (5 x 2)
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3.3
3.3.1
Define the term urban expansion.
(1 x 2)
(2)
3.3.2
What message is the cartoonist trying to convey (get across) to us about the expansion of cities? (1 x 2)
(2)
3.3.3
What do you understand by the term megalopolis?
(1 x 2)
(2)
3.3.4
Give the geographical term used to describe the uncontrolled expansion of a residential area on the outskirts of an urban area. (1 x 2)
(2)
State TWO challenges that city councils experience with regard to the expansion of cities. (2 x 2)
(4)
Suggest TWO environmentally-friendly measures to prevent uncontrolled urban expansion. (2 x 2)
(4)
3.3.6
Refer to FIGURE 3.4 showing the cycle of rural decay which also occurs in the South African landscape. This often results in rural-urban migration resulting in specific problems for rural areas. 3.4.1
Define the term rural-urban migration.
(1 x 2)
(2)
3.4.2
Name TWO push factors that may result in rural-urban migration. (2 x 2)
(4)
Discuss THREE consequences (results) of rural-urban migration for the South African rural community. (3 x 2)
(6)
Write a single paragraph (no more than 12 lines) in which you discuss sustainable strategies that can be used to manage South Africa's declining rural settlements. (6 x 2)
(12)
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.5
DBE/November 2010
Rapid urban expansion has had a major impact (influence) on large cities in South Africa. Refer to FIGURE 3.3 based on the process of urbanisation.
3.3.5
3.4
10 NSC
Refer to FIGURE 3.5 showing South Africa's largest industrial region. 3.5.1
Identify the industrial region shown in FIGURE 3.5.
(1 x 2)
(2)
3.5.2
Name any ONE of the dominant industrial activities found in the industrial region mentioned in QUESTION 3.5.1. (1 x 2)
(2)
Discuss any THREE factors that favoured industrial development in the industrial region illustrated in FIGURE 3.5. (3 x 2)
(6)
Discuss THREE problems associated with industrial development in the industrial region illustrated in FIGURE 3.5. (3 x 2)
(6)
3.5.3
3.5.4
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3.6
11 NSC
DBE/November 2010
Read the extract in FIGURE 3.6 before answering the following questions. 3.6.1
What is a bi-national construction project?
(1 x 2)
(2)
3.6.2
Define the term water-transfer scheme.
(1 x 2)
(2)
3.6.3
With reference to the water resources of South Africa, give TWO reasons why the country initiated (started) the development of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. (2 x 2)
(4)
With reference to the quality of life of the people of Lesotho, evaluate TWO possible injustices (problems) associated with the development of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. (2 x 2)
(4)
3.6.4
3.6.5
Despite the above-mentioned injustices, both Lesotho and South Africa gained from the development of the Lesotho Highland Water Project. Write a single paragraph (no more than 12 lines) to discuss the advantages of the Lesotho Highlands Water project for both Lesotho and South Africa. (6 x 2)
(12) [100]
QUESTION 4 4.1
Refer to FIGURE 4.1 illustrating the population of urban centres and the number of functions they offer. Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Choose the answer and write down only 'true' or 'false' next to the question number (4.1.1 – 4.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 4.1.1
The larger the urban centre, the fewer the urban functions offered.
4.1.2
Urban centres C and D are central places.
4.1.3
The urban centres at E have a larger sphere of influence than the urban centres at B.
4.1.4
The urban centres at E have a larger range than the urban centres at F.
4.1.5
The urban centre at A provides mainly low-order service functions. (5 x 2)
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4.2
12 NSC
Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (4.2.1 – 4.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.4.6 A. 4.2.1
An industry will locate close to the raw material if … A B C D
4.2.2
4.2.3
requires a lot of money to cultivate. is cultivated mainly for sale. is cultivated mainly for own use. can only be grown in rich countries.
The following development programme focused mainly on social aspects of development in South Africa: A B C D
4.2.5
market-orientated raw-material orientated footloose bridge
A cash crop is a crop that … A B C D
4.2.4
the raw material loses much of it weight during processing. the raw material gains more weight during processing. it is easier to transport the raw material than the final product. it is less expensive to transport the raw material than the final product.
Industries that are not strongly affected by locational factors are known as … industries. A B C D
SDI IDZ GEAR RDP
The provision of transport is a … economic activity. A B C D
4.3
DBE/November 2010
primary secondary tertiary quarternary
(5 x 2)
(10)
Refer to FIGURE 4.3 showing the various land-use zones found in a city. Compatibility can play a role in the location of certain land-use zones. 4.3.1
Define the term land-use zone.
(1 x 2)
(2)
4.3.2
Which land-use zone takes up the most space in a city?
(1 x 2)
(2)
4.3.3
What does the term compatibility of land-use zones mean? (1 x 2)
(2)
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4.3.4 4.3.5 4.4
4.4.2 4.4.3
4.4.4
Name TWO land-use zones in FIGURE 4.3 that are not compatible. (2 x 2)
(4)
Give reasons why the two land-use zones mentioned in QUESTION 4.3.4 are not compatible. (3 x 2)
(6)
Name ONE social injustice and ONE environmental injustice, visible in FIGURE 4.4, which is typical of South African cities. (2 x 2)
(4)
Give ONE possible cause of EACH of the injustices that you mentioned in QUESTION 4.4.1. (2 x 2)
(4)
Explain why municipal bylaws (laws introduced by the local municipality) can be regarded as both an advantage and a disadvantage in cities. (2 x 2)
(4)
With reference to FIGURE 4.4, write a single paragraph (no longer than 12 lines) and discuss possible sustainable strategies/solutions to some of the problems visible in FIGURE 4.4. (6 x 2)
(12)
2010 has been a historic year for South Africa due to the hosting of the Soccer World Cup. Refer to FIGURE 4.5 which captures a small part of the build-up process to this event, namely the manufacturing of soccer balls. The manufacturing of soccer balls in countries far away from where they are used, is an example of globalisation. 4.5.1
Define the term globalisation.
(1 x 2)
(2)
4.5.2
Give TWO reasons why this multinational corporation uses less developed countries to produce their soccer balls. (2 x 2)
(4)
Explain how the hosting of the Soccer World Cup has promoted globalisation in South Africa. (3 x 2)
(6)
Give TWO reasons, from the passage, to prove that Omar is exploited as a worker. (2 x 2)
(4)
4.5.3 4.5.4 4.6
DBE/November 2010
Refer to FIGURE 4.4 showing some of the injustices/problems experienced in an expanding urban settlement. These injustices/problems are also typical of many South African cities. 4.4.1
4.5
13 NSC
Read the extract below before answering the questions that follow. The right of access to food is included in section 27 of the South African Constitution. The Constitution obliges the state to provide legislation and other supporting measures to ensure that all citizens are able to meet their basic food needs. The strategic framework for action to achieve food security was first outlined in the RDP in 1994 which identified food security as a basic human need. In 2000 the cabinet decided to launch an updated national food security strategy to streamline, harmonise and integrate diverse food security sub-programmes in South Africa into the Integrated Food Security Strategy.
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14 NSC
DBE/November 2010
4.6.1
Define the term food security.
(1 x 2)
(2)
4.6.2
What does the abbreviation RDP stand for?
(1 x 2)
(2)
4.6.3
Name TWO factors that contribute to food insecurity in South Africa. (2 x 2)
(4)
Briefly discuss the role that genetically modified food could play in ensuring food security in South Africa. (2 x 2)
(4)
4.6.4
4.6.5
Write a single paragraph (no longer than 12 lines) and name possible strategies that have been implemented and that could still be implemented to prevent food insecurity in southern Africa. (6 x 2)
GRAND TOTAL:
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GRAAD 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2010 MEMORANDUM
MARKS: 300
This memorandum consists of 17 pages.
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Geography/P1
2 NSC – Memorandum
DBE/November 2010
SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5
A/B (2) C (2) D (2) B (2) A (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5
source/catchment (2) confluence (2) interfluve (2) watershed (2) dendritic (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
1.3.1 Sea surface temperatures of 261/2°C and above (2) Date middle January/late summer Unstable atmospheric conditions (2) Developed between 5º and 20º south of the equator (2) Coriolis force (2) Calm conditions (2) Upper air divergence (2) High rate of evaporation (2) Winds that are light and variable (2) Little friction over the ocean (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 Presence of the eye (2) Cumulonimbus clouds around the eye (2) Air circulation is well established (2) Extent of tropical cyclone/large area covered (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
1.3.3 Is steered by the easterly winds/trade winds in the easterly/trade wind belt (2) (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 Lack of moisture (2) Evaporation and condensation decreases (2) Less latent heat released into the system/looses energy (2) Surface wind slows down (2) Friction with the land (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
1.3.5 6 days/18 t0 23 January (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
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1.3.6 People live below the flood line (2) Developed areas have the technology to monitor and track the movement of the storm (2) Developed areas can issue warnings and plan evacuations to prevent large losses (2) Difficult to coordinate rescue plans because of poor infrastructure (2) Inadequate health facilities (2) Inadequate funding to improve infrastructure/health facilities/technology (2) Intended aid does not reach the victims due to corruption (2) People live in remote areas (2) The government does not give assistance when it comes to rebuilding (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.1 carbon (2) carbon dioxide (2) carbon monoxide (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 Artificial material used to construct the city,e.g. concrete, steel and tar which absorb and retain heat (2) Tall buildings increase the surface area that absorbs heat (2) Multiple reflection of heat by buildings made from glass and mirrors (2) City activities generate heat, e.g. air conditioners, streetlights, body heat (2) Lack of surfaces from which evaporation takes place (2) Pollution in the city increases and traps heat (2) Heat trapped inside buildings (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.3 methane gas (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
1.4.4 Loss of valuable topsoil due to erosion (2) Crops are swept away/damaged and destroyed (2) Prices of products go up (2) Less food production (2) Livestock die (2) Food has to be imported (2) Damage to infrastructure makes it difficult to transport farm products (2) Equipment and agricultural land can be buried in silt (2) Impact on subsistence farmers is greater and they may not be able to recover (2) Loss of income (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4)
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1.4.5 An international agreement by countries to reduce their greenhouse emissions (2) More efficient use of energy (2) Use of renewable sources of energy (2) Sustainable forms of agriculture (2) Legislation to limit deforestation (2) Planting of trees(afforestation)/helps to absorb carbon dioxide (2) Reduce emission from waste and transport sector (2) Reduce consumption of beef to control methane emissions (2) Have a monitoring mechanism to ensure that countries abide by international agreements such as the Kyoto or Copenhagen Protocol (2) Countries that exceed their carbon footprints be fined (2) Roof gardens on high-rise buildings (2) Educate people on the efficient use of electricity, e.g. use of energy-saving globes, solar heating (2) Reduce the burning of fossil fuels, e.g. coal (2) [Any SIX. Accept any other reasonable answers] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) 1.5.1 Bending/falling over of trees (2) The steep break in the upper slope (2) Arrows show the movement of mud downslope (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
1.5.2 Heavy (2 000 mm) rain/floods (2) Soil became saturated (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
1.5.3 Mud destroys agricultural land (2) Less food production (2) Loss of jobs (2) Damage to infrastructure (2) Much capital spent on restoration of infrastructure (2) Houses destroyed (2) Costly to rebuild (2) Loss of lives (2) [Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2) (4)
1.5.4 Deforestation/clearing of vegetation (2) Building on steep slopes (2) Poor drainage (2) Down-slope ploughing (2) Allowing too many tourists on steep slopes that dislodge rocks (2) Overloading slopes with buildings (2) Blasting (2) Road construction and quarrying upset the balance of slopes (2) Non-engineered construction of roads on slopes (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4)
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1.5.5 Plant trees to bind the soil (2) Stabilise the slopes by erecting wire meshes (2) Place stone walls, nuts and bolts, ground anchors, buttresses, drainage channels, gabians and drill bolts into the side of the hill slopes (2) Cement barriers (2) Spray slopes with concrete (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.1 Main river and its tributaries collectively (2) [Concept]
(1 x 2) (2)
1.6.2 (a) Impermeable bedrock More water flowing/higher run-off because of less infiltration (2) (b) Dense vegetation Less water/less run-off because of more infiltration (2) (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.3 3rd order (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
1.6.4 The underlying rocks are inclined while the dendritic pattern is associated with horizontal strata (2) Stream flow not determined by underlying rock structure (2) Thinning/erosion of underlying rock structure (2) River maintained its course (2) Accept definition if evidince of superimposed stream is given (2) [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.5 About 2,5 to 3,5 hours (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
1.6.6 Lag time reduced/shorter (2) Flood peak higher (2) The hydrograph will change to a sharply rising limb (2) Flood peak will be reached in a shorter space of time (2) Removal of vegetation increases run-off (2) More water will reach the stream much quicker thus reducing lag time (2) Less retention therefore water reaches the stream quicker (2) An urban settlement increases surface run-off compared to the existing landscape where the infiltration is higher (2) Urban development could increase rainfall (more hygroscopic nuclei) (2) The urban settlement has an artificial surface (tar, concrete) which does not retain water (2) More water reaches the stream (2) The flood peak will last for a shorter space of time because of the quick run-off rate (2) Artificial surfaces reduce friction so water flows faster (2) [Any SIX] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) [100]
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QUESTION 2 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5
Hadley/Tropical (2) Polar cell (2) Ferrel/Mid-latitude (2) Hadley/Tropical (2) Polar (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5
B (2) C (2) B (2) B (2) D (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
2.3.1 coastal low (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.3.2 Cold ocean (cold Benguela current) therefore lack of moisture and the air is cold (2) Diverging air subsides and is dry (2) [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 C (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.3.4 It is further east (2) C in occluded stage (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5 Cyclone/depression family (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.3.6 It brings much needed rain in winter (2) Allows for the planting of winter crops (2) Low temperatures advantage fruit farming/verticulture (2) Snow could impact negatively on people and crops (2) Flooding could cause destruction/death (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
2.3.7 Move southeasterly (2) Merge with mid-latitude cyclone (2) Weakens/dissipate (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
2.4.1 Kalahari/Continental high (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.4.2 Temperatures will warm up (2) Humidity level will be low/dry (2) No/little cloud cover (2) No rain (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
2.4.3 Veldfires/Bushfires (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
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DBE/November 2010
2.4.4 Educating people on the dangers associated with veldfires – accept example (2) Look-out towers in bergwind season (2) Firebreaks (2) Warning over weather forecast (2) [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.5 Winter (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.4.6 Environment Rivers dry out (2) Water-table is lowered (2) Ecosystems affected/destroyed/imbalance (2) Soil erosion by wind (2) Loss of soil fertility (2) Wide-scale flooding (2) Economic Farmers suffer heavy losses because crops dry out (2) Carrying capacity of the veld decreases - livestock slaughtered (2) The price of agricultural products rockets (2) Livestock quality deteriorates (2) No water for irrigation (2) Crop farming fails (2) Food shortages and food has to be imported (2) Subsistence farmers abandon their land because they don’t have the capital to survive the loss (2) Lack of raw materials for industries that use farm produce (2) Unemployment in primary/secondary industries (2) Exports decrease (2) GDP and balance of trade affected negatively (2) Loss of income for country (2) Generation of hydroelectricity no longer possible (2) Negative impact on informal sector/trade (2) [Must refer at least ONCE to environment or economy. Any SIX. Accept any other reasonable answers] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) 2.5.1 P – mesa/table mountain (2) Q – Butte (2)
(2 x 2) (4)
2.5.2 They are joined at the base with shale rock (2) They have same rock layers (2) They have the same height and depth (2) Both have same original height/cap rock (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
2.5.3 dolerite/igneous (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
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DBE/November 2010
2.5.4 Back-wasting is taking place not downward wasting/downward erosion (2) It is a hard layer of rock that caps (protects) P and Q (2) Original height maintained (2) [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Caprock/igneous sill/dolorite reduced from the sides (2) P reduces in size due to erosion by running water (2) P reduces through rockfalls (2) Back-wasting occurs (2) Slope retains the height (2) Parallel retreat of slopes (2) Eventually height of feature is greater than diameter (2) [Any THREE]
(3 x 2) (6)
2.6.1 Flowing through a steeper gradient (2) River has a higher velocity therefore rate of erosion is high (2) River could be flowing on softer rock (2) Higher rainfall (2) River could have had a lower flow level (2) [Any ONE]
(1 x 2) (2)
2.6.2 River gravels (2) Windgap/dry gap (2) Waterfall (2) Knickpoint (2) Elbow of capture (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
2.6.3 Very little water in a large valley (2) Stream seems too small for the valley it occupies (2) River deprived of headwater (2) [Any ONE. Concept]
(1 x 2) (2)
2.6.4 It has an increased volume of water (2) The drainage basin increases (2) More erosive power/energy (2) The river could be rejuvenated (2) Downward erosion at a faster rate (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
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2.6.5 Shortage of water downstream in the captured river(Kort River) (2) Could affect farming activities along captured river(Kort River) (2) Could affect fishing activities along captured river(Kort River) (2) Less water for the generation of electricity (2) Affect recreational activities because of less water in captured river(Kort River) (2) Possibility of flooding along the captor stream/Berg River (2) Excess water will wash away settlements and make it unsafe (2) Cultivated land washed away(Berg River) (2) Negative economic impact on farming(Kort River) (2) After flooding fertile sediments deposited on flood plain(Berg River) (2) Farming activities increase along the Berg River (2) Positive impact on farming economy (2) [Any SIX – Accept other reasonable answers. Must refer at least ONCE to the Kort River ment or the Berg River] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) [100]
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DBE/November 2010
SECTION B QUESTION 3 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5
False (2) True (2) True (2) False (2) True (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5
D (2) C (2) F (2) G (2) B (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
3.3.1 Urban expansion refers to physical growth of the urban area (2) [Concept]
(1 x 2) (2)
3.3.2 It highlights the speed at which urban expansion is taking place (2) Cities are rapidly encroaching on vulnerable farmland (2) Causes rural depopulation (2) [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 A gigantic urban settlement that develops when many conurbations/ cities combine or join together (2) It is the largest of all settlment types (2) [Concept] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 Urban sprawl (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
3.3.5 Service delivery becomes difficult (2) Growth of informal settlements (2) Traffic congestion (2) Overcrowding (2) Pollution (2) Social ills, e.g. crime, prostitution, etc. (2) Lack of space/shortage of land (2) Waste mangement becomes difficult (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2) (4)
3.3.6 Greenbelt (2) Satellite towns/New towns (2) Industrial decentralisation (2) Rural development (2) Providing counter-urbanisation measures (2) Development of new towns (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2) (4)
3.4.1 Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural (villages, farms) areas to cities/urban areas (2) [Concept] (1 x 2) (2)
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3.4.2 Lack of job opportunities (2) Mechanisation on farms (2) High production costs (2) Natural disasters such as floods and droughts (2) Low salaries and wages (2) Lack of educational facilities (2) Few or no social amenities (2) Lack of health and medical facilities (2) Cost of living is higher because goods and services are far away (2) Have to travel long distances therefore transport is expensive (2) Unrest and lack of security (2) Soil erosion and low productivity which causes loss of income (2) Poor quality of housing and accommodation (2) Isolation (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.3 Ageing of population (2) Decreased production on farms (2) Resources(soil) unutilised (2) Basic services close down (2) Ghost towns due to farms being abandoned (2) Breaking down of family units because parents leave children behind to work in cities (2) People that are least educated are generally left behind as those that are educated get jobs in cities (2) Easier for people to cross borders (2) [Any THREE. Accept any other reasonable answers] (3 x 2) (6) 3.4.4 Find alternative economic activities e.g tourism to sustain the economy (2) Create game reserves/nature reserves in rural areas (2) Municipalities to improve the provision of basic services (2) Provision of facilities (recreation, education, etc.) to encourage the youth to stay (2) To improve infrastructure (2) Attract pensioners to move to rural towns (2) Attract commuters to live in rural towns (2) Industrial decentralisation (2) Industries create employment (2) Training for upcoming farmers (2) Incentives for farmers to stay on farms (2) Basic Needs approach (2) Implementation of GEAR and/or RDP (2) Spatial Development Initiative (SDI) programmes (2) Introducing Local Agenda 21 programme for rural areas (2) [Any SIX. Accept any other reasonable answers] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12)
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3.5.1 PWV OR Gauteng (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
3.5.2 Metal/iron processing (2) Engineering (2) Mining equipment (2) Chemical industries (2) [Any ONE. Accept example]
(1 x 2) (2)
3.5.3 Large population that creates a ready market (2) Large labour force (2) Many mineral resources (2) Large reserves of coal are found in the area/close to power source (2) Water obtained from the Vaal dam and supplemented by the TUVA/Highlands scheme (2) Dense transport network (2) Well-developed infrastructure (2) Relief is generally flat making construction easy (2) [Any THREE. Accept any other reasonable answers] (3 x 2) (6) 3.5.4 Water shortages because it is not located in a high rainfall area (2) Pollution (2) Far away from harbours – increases cost of transport (2) Labour strikes and unrest (2) Eskom power cuts have led to reduced working hours (2) Strategic vulnerability (2) Destruction of ecosystem (2) Overpopulation/congestion (2) Overutilisation of resources (2) [Any THREE. Accept any other reasonable answers] (3 x 2) (6) 3.6.1 Construction project between two countries (2) [Concept of TWO countries involved]
(1 x 2) (2)
3.6.2 Water is transported from an area of surplus to an area that has a shortage (2) [Concept] (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.3 Permanent solution to water shortages (2) Evaporation rates are high since we generally have high temperatures (2) Many of the dams are shallow which promotes high evaporation (2) Large number of non-perennial rivers (2) Rainfall is low (2) Rainfall is unreliable/variable (2) High rate of water pollution by industries reduces availability of purified water (2) Lack of natural lakes to supply water (2) Silting of dams due to high erosion levels (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4)
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3.6.4 Farmers/villagers that lived along the river were evicted (2) Loss of ancestoral land (2) Relocation of residents (2) Subsistence farmers negatively affected (2) Loss of agricultural land (2) Disruption of ecosystem (2) Level of water in river drops (2) Negative impact on fishing industries downstream (2) Spread of HIV/Aids by the migrant labourers (2) Significant increases in social ills, e.g. prostitution and alcoholism (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers] (2 x 2) (4) 3.6.5 Advantages for Lesotho Provision of electricity (2) Boost the economy (2) Increase agriculture (2) Increase forestry (2) Provides employment (2) Building of infrastructure (2) Promotes tourism (2) Advantages for South Africa Availability of water when periodic rivers run dry (2) Provision of water for Gauteng and Free State (2) To promote and sustain industrial development in the Gauteng area (2) Water for domestic use (2) Water for agriculture and forestry (2) Water for mining (2) Generation of electricity (2) [Any SIX. Accept other. Must have at least ONE advantage for either one of the countries] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) [100]
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QUESTION 4 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5
False (2) True/False (2) True (2) False (2) True (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5
A (2) C (2) B (2) D (2) C (2)
(5 x 2) (10)
4.3.1 Land that is used for a specific purpose/activity/function (2) [Concept]
(1 x 2) (2)
4.3.2 Residential (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
4.3.3 Degree to which functions attract each other/can co-exist (2) [Concept]
(1 x 2) (2)
4.3.4 Heavy industry (2) and Residentia/Offices/Shops/Light industry (2) (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.5 Heavy industries are associated with air pollution – encourage smog formation (2) Reduced visibility in winter with subsiding air which traps the smog (2) Will affect the micro-climate of the residential/office area (2) Industries associated with smells/odours (2) Associated with noise pollution (2) Heavy trucks a safety hazard for children (2) Pollution affects the peace and quiet of the area (2) This affects the health of the residential/office areas (2) Acid rain corrodes buildings (2) Environmental despoliation/industries are an eye-sore (2) Heavy industries need large tracts of land [Any THREE. Accept any other reasonable answers] (3 x 2) (6) 4.4.1 social injustice crime (2) social problems (2) alcohol abuse (2) drug addiction (2) bylaws (2) [Any ONE] environmental injustice noise (2) air pollution (2) traffic congestion (2) [Any ONE]
(2 x 2) (4)
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4.4.2 crime: unemployment (2) / poverty (2) social problems: poverty (2) / unemployment (2) / peer pressure (2) noise: high traffic volumes (2) / industrial activity (2) / loud music (2) air pollution: industrial activity (2) / vehicle exhaust fumes (2) [Any ONE cause for each problem mentioned in QUESTION 4.4.1] (2 x 2) (4) 4.4.3 Advantage Gives boundaries in terms of what is acceptable (2) Prevents people from encroaching on other persons' rights (2) Creates order (2) Separates land-uses and prevents problem of incompatability (2) Incorporates safety measures for people (2) [Any ONE] Disadvantages Can be restrictive (2) All municipal bylaws not fairly applied (2) Opens itself to bribery and corruption (2) No inputs made by community (2) [Any ONE] [Accept other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2) (4)
4.4.4 Traffic congestion Staggered working hours/flexitime (2) Introduce other forms of transport (2) Lanes dedicated to public transport, e.g. buses and taxis (2) Decentralisation of offices, industries and shops (2) Park-and-ride facilities (2) Outer ring roads and bypasses (2) More efficient public transport system, e.g. Gautrain (2) One-way streets (2) Underground transport (2) Subsidise the cost of public transport (2) Encourage lift clubs (2) Cars must pay to enter the CBD (2) Construct more parking bays (2) Increase parking meter fees (2) Widen the streets (2) Synchronise robots/traffic lights (2) Pollution Discourage the use of private transport to reduce vehicles on the roads (2) Electrification to reduce carbon emissions (2) Increase afforestation (2) Impose fines to restrict pollution (2) Industrial decentralisation (2) Use leadfree petrol (2) Create more green spaces (2) Use of a filter to reduce exhaust fumes (2) Sound proof buildings (2) Silencer systems on vehicles (2)
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Geography/P1
16 NCS - Memorandum
DBE/November 2010
Crime Provide jobs (2) Stricter laws (2) More effective system to arrest criminals (2) Harsher sentences (2) Eradicate corruption and bribery in police service (2) More visible policing (2) CCTV cameras in cities (2) Social problems Education on drug and alcohol abuse (2) More social workers and NGOs (2) Guidance counsellors in schools (2) Harsher sentences for drug trafficking (2) [Any SIX . Accept any other reasonable answers] [May refer to ONE problem only or to a VARIETY of problems] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) 4.5.1 Refers to the interconnection of social, economic, political and cultural activities across the world (2) [Concept] (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.2 Cheap raw materials (2) Cheap labour (2) Lax laws for social and environmental injustices (2) Unemployment (2) Have necessary manual skills (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
4.5.3 Influx of tourists from different parts of the world (2) Boost for local business (2) Attract foreign investment (2) International relations established (2) Foreign-trade partners established (2) South Africa features more prominently in the global village (2) Development of infrastructure promotes globalisation (2) [Any THREE. Accept other]
(3 x 2) (6)
4.5.4 Works long hours (2) Earns a low salary (2) Child labour (2) No recognition for the important job (2) [Any TWO]
(2 x 2) (4)
4.6.1 When sufficient food is produced to meet the needs of people (2) [Concept]
(1 x 2) (2)
4.6.2 Reconstruction and Development Programme (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
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Geography/P1
17 NCS - Memorandum
DBE/November 2010
4.6.3 Shortage of fertile/arable land (2) Natural disasters, e.g. droughts (2), floods (2), hailstorms (2) Lack of mechanisation on farms (2) Monoculture (2) Land tenure and security (2) Lack of capital by subsistence farmers to expand (2) HIV/Aids lowers life expectancy of farmers and labourers (2) Lack of subsidy from the government (2) Inadequate support for agricultural research (2) Poor infrastructure in deep rural areas (2) Rural-urban migration leaves land unutilised (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2) (4)
4.6.4 Genetically modified crops are more resistant to diseases/pests/ viruses (2) Produce more (2) They have greater nutritional value (2) They can grow under drought conditions/harsher climates (2) Tolerance to salty soils (2) More digestible crops for animals (2) Longer storage life (2) [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2) (4)
4.6.5
Conservation farming – use of organic compost, crop rotation, paddock grazing, drip irrigation(2) Storing of food from seasons where there has been a surplus (2) Diversify economic activities in rural areas to include cottage industries such as dairy products and dried fruit (2) Use of genetically modified crops to increase output (2) Government to provide incentives and subsidies to farmers (2) Convert from subsistence farming to commercial farming to increase output (2) To hasten land-reform policies so that more people have access to land for farming (2) More research on how to improve food production for local conditions (2) We need more dams to be built in the drier parts of the country so that it encourages cultivation (2) Making farming research accessible to traditional farmers to improve production (2) Use of hybrid seeds (2) Growing mixture of crops/mixed farming (2) Building terraces and stone lines to conserve soil and water (2) Laws ensuring citizens' basic food needs are met (2) Introduction of national food-security strategy (2) [Any SIX. Accept any other reasonable answers] [If listed and only words/phrases used ONE mark. If full sentences used TWO marks] (6 x 2) (12) [100]
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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER 2010
MARKS: 100 TIME: 1½ hours
EXAMINATION NUMBER CENTRE NUMBER MARK SCORED MARKER SENIOR MARKER CHIEF MARKER MODERATOR TOTAL
100
100 This question paper consists of 10 pages and 1 page for rough work. Copyright reserved
Please turn over
Geography/P2
DBE/November 2010
2 NSC
RESOURCE MATERIAL 1.
An extract from topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP.
2.
Orthophoto map 3424 BB 1 HUMANSDORP.
3.
NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their own use.
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1.
Fill in your EXAMINATION NUMBER and your CENTRE NUMBER in the spaces provided on the cover page.
2.
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper.
3.
You are supplied with a 1:50 000 topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area.
4.
You must hand in the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session.
5.
You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. Do NOT detach this page from the question paper.
6.
Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for calculations.
7.
You may use a non-programmable calculator.
8.
The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map. ENGLISH Diggings Caravan Park Sewage Works River Mouth Golf Course Wetland
Copyright reserved
AFRIKAANS Uitgrawings Karavaanpark Rioolwerke Riviermond Gholfbaan Vlei
Please turn over
Geography/P2
3 NSC
DBE/November 2010
QUESTION 1 The questions below are based on the 1:50 000 topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) in the block next to each question. 1.1
The earth's curved surface is represented on the topographical map through the … projection. A B C D
1.2
The landform that is found at P in block B11, is a … A B C D
1.3
gentle. steep. convex. concave.
An aerial photograph which shows contour lines, spot heights, trigonometrical stations and other labelled features, is called a/an … A B C D
1.6
grid iron radial/cobweb planned irregular/free unplanned irregular
The slope south of Kwa Nomzamo (C2) is … A B C D
1.5
rocky outcrop. cape. sandy beach. coastal rock.
Aston Bay (E10) has a/an … street pattern. A B C D
1.4
Mercator Gauss Conform Lambert Transversal
oblique aerial photograph. topographical map. orthophoto map. vertical aerial photograph.
The mean magnetic declination of this map in 2010 was … A B C D
26°50′ east of true north. 26°50′ west of true north. 24°08′ west of true north. 24°08′ east of true north.
Copyright reserved
Please turn over
Geography/P2
1.7
34°01′20″S24°47′44″E / 34°01,3′S24°47,7′E. 34°02′40″S24°48′16″E / 34°02,7′S24°48,3′E. 34°01′20″E24°47′44″S / 34°01,3′E24°47,7′S. 34°02′40″E24°48′16″S / 34°02,7′E24°48,3′S.
The feature numbered 1 on the orthophoto map is a … A B C D
1.10
3324DC. 3324DD. 3325CC. 3424BA.
The co-ordinates of trigonometrical station 140 in block B3 are … A B C D
1.9
DBE/November 2010
The index of the map sheet northwest of Humansdorp is … A B C D
1.8
4 NSC
soccer field. sewage works. dam. marsh.
The scale of the orthophoto map is … than that of the topographical map. A B C D
5 times smaller 5 times larger 40 times larger 40 times smaller (10 x 2)
[20]
QUESTION 2 2.1
Determine the magnetic bearing of trigonometrical station 94 in block E1 from spot height 97 in block D1 for 2010. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for calculations.
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Copyright reserved
Please turn over
(5)
Geography/P2
2.2
5 NSC
DBE/November 2010
Calculate the average gradient of Main Street on the orthophoto map from point 7 to 8. Show ALL calculations. Marks are allocated for calculations. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
2.3
Identify the man-made feature marked 2 on the orthophoto map. ______________________________________________________________
2.4
(6)
(1)
Draw a free-hand (rough) cross-section of the landform from spot height 24 (F7) to trigonometrical station number 290 (F8) on the topographical map.
(2) 2.5
Identify the landform represented in the cross-section that you drew in QUESTION 2.4. _____________________________________________________________
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Please turn over
(1)
Geography/P2
2.6
6 NSC
DBE/November 2010
What is the height of the dam wall marked W in blocks F1 and F2 on the topographical map? ______________________________________________________________
2.7
(1)
Block E1 on the topographical map is covered by cultivated land. Calculate the area of this block in km2. Show ALL calculations. Marks are allocated for calculations. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
(4) [20]
QUESTION 3 3.1
Refer to both the topographical map and the orthophoto map in answering the questions below. 3.1.1
The mapped area may be described as a wet region. Give TWO pieces of evidence to support this statement. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
3.1.2
The ocean has a cooling effect along the coast. What type of breeze will be experienced during the late afternoon at Ou Dorp Caravan Park in block C11 on the topographical map? ______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
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(4)
Please turn over
(2)
Geography/P2
3.1.3
7 NSC
DBE/November 2010
Find the cemetery numbered 9 on the orthophoto map. In which urban land use zone is the cemetery located? _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
3.1.4
(2)
Give ONE reason, visible on the orthophoto map, why the specific location was selected for the cemetery. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
3.1.5
(2)
Give a reason for the cultivation of rows of trees on the fruit farms in blocks D9 and D10. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
3.1.6
(2)
The streams in block E3 are flowing fairly slowly. Quote evidence from the map to support this statement. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
3.1.7
(2)
Krombaai (I6) is often visited by local tourists. Name TWO recreational activities that these tourists engage in during their stay at this resort. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
3.1.8
(4)
Paradise Beach (G9) is a new urban development. With reference to its location, name TWO strategies that can be implemented to ensure sustainable development of the coastline. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
Copyright reserved
Please turn over
(4)
Geography/P2
3.1.9
8 NSC
DBE/November 2010
The cultivated land in block F3 on the topographical map is irrigated largely by the furrow method. Name TWO advantages of this method. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
3.1.10
(4)
The area marked X in blocks F4 and F5 on the topographical map is relatively flat/gentle, but not inhabited by human beings. Give ONE reason why this is the case. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
3.1.11
Identify the landform numbered 3 – 4 on the orthophoto map. _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
3.1.12
(2)
(2)
Compare the settlements Wavecrest (block B11) and Humansdorp (block B2) on the topographical map in terms of the following, on the table provided: WAVECREST
HUMANSDORP
Street pattern Flow of traffic (4 x 2) 3.1.13
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What street name is given to the R102 where it runs through Humansdorp (B2)? _______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
Please turn over
(8)
(2) [40]
Geography/P2
9 NSC
DBE/November 2010
QUESTION 4 4.1
Identify a polygon feature and a line feature in block C2. Polygon feature: ________________________________________________ Line feature:
4.2
________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
(4)
With reference to the concept of attribute data, answer the following questions. 4.2.1
Define the term attribute data. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
4.2.2
Name ONE attribute of the N2 in block A2. ______________________________________________________ (1 x 2)
4.3
(2)
(2)
Data integration is combining different types of data for the purpose of decision-making. Discuss TWO types of data that a farmer in block A5 will consider before cultivation. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
4.4
(4)
GIS allows us to use thematic layers on maps. Refer to the topographical map and name TWO layers of information that were used in compiling the topographical map of Humansdorp. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (2 x 2)
Copyright reserved
Please turn over
(4)
Geography/P2
4.5
10 NSC
DBE/November 2010
The Hip Hop Joint company wants to open a new store in Jeffreys Bay. Suggest TWO ways in which GIS can be used to assist with the location of the store. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (2 x 2) TOTAL:
Copyright reserved
(4) [20] 100
Geography/P2
DBE/November 2010 NSC
ROUGH WORK AND CALCULATIONS
Copyright reserved
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER 2010 MEMORANDUM
MARKS: 100
MARK SCORED MARKER SENIOR MARKER CHIEF MARKER MODERATOR TOTAL
100
100
This memorandum consists of 10 pages.
Copyright reserved
Please turn over
Geography/P2
DBE/November 2010
2 NSC – Memorandum
RESOURCE MATERIAL 1.
An extract from topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP.
2.
Orthophoto map 3424 BB 1 HUMANSDORP.
3.
NOTE: The resource material must be collected by the schools for their own use.
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1.
Fill in your EXAMINATION NUMBER and your CENTRE NUMBER in the spaces provided on the cover page.
2.
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper.
3.
You are supplied with a 1:50 000 topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area.
4.
You must hand in the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session.
5.
You must use the blank page at the back of this paper for all rough work and calculations. Do NOT detach this page from the question paper.
6.
Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for calculations.
7.
You may use a non-programmable calculator.
8.
The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map. ENGLISH Diggings Caravan Park Sewage Works River Mouth Golf Course Wetland
Copyright reserved
AFRIKAANS Uitgrawings Karavaanpark Rioolwerke Riviermond Gholfbaan Vlei
Please turn over
Geography/P2
3 NSC – Memorandum
DBE/November 2010
QUESTION 1 The questions below are based on the 1:50 000 topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) in the block next to each question. 1.1
The earth's curved surface is represented on the topographical map through the … projection. A B C D
1.2
grid iron radial/cobweb planned irregular/free unplanned irregular
C
gentle. steep. convex. concave.
A
An aerial photograph which shows contour lines, spot heights, trigonometrical stations and other labelled features, is called a/an … A B C D
1.6
D
The slope south of Kwa Nomzamo (C2) is … A B C D
1.5
rocky outcrop. cape. sandy beach. coastal rock.
Aston Bay (E10) has a/an … street pattern. A B C D
1.4
B
The landform that is found at P in block B11, is a … A B C D
1.3
Mercator Gauss Conform Lambert Transversal
oblique aerial photograph. topographical map. orthophoto map. vertical aerial photograph.
C
The mean magnetic declination of this map in 2010 was … A B C D
26°50′ east of true north. 26°50′ west of true north. 24°08′ west of true north. 24°08′ east of true north.
Copyright reserved
B Please turn over
Geography/P2
1.7
A
34°01′20″S24°47′44″E / 34°01,3′S24°47,7′E. 34°02′40″S24°48′16″E / 34°02,7′S24°48,3′E. 34°01′20″E24°47′44″S / 34°01,3′E24°47,7′S. 34°02′40″E24°48′16″S / 34°02,7′E24°48,3′S.
A
The feature numbered 1 on the orthophoto map is … A B C D
1.10
3324DC. 3324DD. 3325CC. 3424BA.
The co-ordinates of trigonometrical station 140 in block B3 are … A B C D
1.9
DBE/November 2010
The index of the map sheet northwest of Humansdorp is … A B C D
1.8
4 NSC – Memorandum
a soccer field. a sewage works. a dam. a marsh.
C
The scale of the orthophoto map is … than that of the topographical map. A B C D
5 times smaller 5 times larger 40 times larger 40 times smaller
B (10 x 2)
[20]
QUESTION 2 2.1
Determine the magnetic bearing of trigonometrical station 94 in block E1 from spot height 97 in block D1 for 2010. Show ALL calculations. Marks are allocated for calculations. Geographic bearing
= 189° to 194° √
Magnetic declination for 2010
= 25°29′W + 81′W √ = 26°50′W √
Magnetic bearing for 2010
= (189° to 194°) + 26°50′W√ = 215°50′ to 220°50′W √
Copyright reserved
(5)
Please turn over
Geography/P2
2.2
DBE/November 2010
5 NSC – Memorandum
Calculate the average gradient of Main Street on the orthophoto map from point 7 to 8. Show ALL calculations. Marks are allocated for calculations. VI = 145 m – 120 m = 25 m √ HD / HE = (7.6 cm –8.2 cm) x 100 √ = 760 m to 820 m √ Gradient = =
VI OR H √ HE
D
25 √ (760 to 820)
= 1:30.4 to 32.8 √ 2.3
(6)
Identify the man-made feature marked 2 on the orthophoto map. Cultivated land √
2.4
(1)
Draw a free-hand (rough) cross-section of the landform from spot height 24 (F7) to trigonometrical station number 290 (F8) on the topographical map.
√
√
(2) 2.5
Identify the landform represented in the cross-section that you drew in QUESTION 2.4. Valley/Floodplain √
Copyright reserved
(1)
Please turn over
Geography/P2
2.6
6 NSC – Memorandum
DBE/November 2010
What is the height of the dam wall marked W in blocks F1 and F2 on the topographical map? 60 m √ (Give ONE mark)
2.7
(1)
Block E1 on the topographical map is covered by cultivated land. Calculate the area of this block in km2. Show ALL calculations. Marks are allocated for calculations. Area = Length x Breadth √ = ((3,0 cm to 3,2 cm) x 0,5) km x ((3,6 cm to 3,8 cm) x 0,5) km √ = (1,5 to 1,6) km x (1,8 to 1,9) km √ = 2,7 km2 to 3,04 km2 √
(4) [20]
QUESTION 3 3.1
Refer to both the topographical map and the orthophoto map in answering the questions below. 3.1.1
The mapped area may be described as a wet region. Give TWO pieces of evidence to support this statement. Many rivers √√ Intensive cultivation √√ Many dams √√ Dense vegetation/woodland/coastal forests √√ Marsh/Vlei/Wetland √√ East coast √√ [Any TWO]
3.1.2
(1 x 2)
(2)
Find the cemetery numbered 9 on the orthophoto map. In which urban land use zone is the cemetery located? Rural-urban fringe√√
Copyright reserved
(4)
The ocean has a cooling effect along the coast. What type of breeze will be experienced during the late afternoon at Ou Dorp Caravan Park in block C11 on the topographical map? Sea breeze/Onshore breeze √√
3.1.3
(2 x 2)
(1 x 2)
Please turn over
(2)
Geography/P2
3.1.4
7 NSC – Memorandum
Give ONE reason, visible on the orthophoto map, why the specific location was selected for the cemetery. Away from residences √√ More peaceful √√ Large piece of land available √√ Land cheaper on outskirts of the city √√ Land is flat √√ Outside city √√ Room for expansion √√ Accessibility √√ [Any ONE]
3.1.5
(2) (1 x 2)
(1 x 2)
(2)
Krombaai (I6) is often visited by local tourists. Name TWO recreational activities that these tourists engage in during their stay at this resort. Boating √√ Surfing √√ Swimming √√ Fishing or angling √√ Sunbathing √√ Beach volleyball √√ Beach soccer √√ Hiking √√ Camping √√ Scuba diving √√ [Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answer]
Copyright reserved
(2)
The streams in block E3 are flowing fairly slowly. Quote evidence from the map to support this statement. Gentle slopes / contour lines are far apart √√ Marsh/Dam √√ [Any ONE]
3.1.7
(1 x 2)
Give a reason for the cultivation of rows of trees on the fruit farms in blocks D9 and D10. Act as wind breaker √√ Prevent soil erosion √√ Aesthetic reasons/beautification √√ [Any ONE]
3.1.6
DBE/November 2010
(2 x 2)
Please turn over
(4)
Geography/P2
3.1.8
8 NSC – Memorandum
DBE/November 2010
Paradise Beach (G9) is a new urban development. With reference to its location, name TWO strategies that can be implemented to ensure sustainable development of the coastline. Protect the beach by using indigenous knowledge in building √√ Avoid overdevelopment along the beach √√ Protect marine life √√ Protect trees along the beach/Avoid deforestation √√ Protect beach dunes √√ Use local labour √√ Develop houses that will fit into the surroundings √√ Maintain nature reserves √√ Well-engineered infrastructure √√ Development must follow contour lines √√ Public awareness programmes √√ Conservation management √√ Legislation √√ [Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answer] (2 x 2)
3.1.9
The cultivated land in block F3 on the topographical map is irrigated largely by the furrow method. Name TWO advantages of this method. Inexpensive or cheap √√ Does not need much attention √√ Does not need machinery √√ No technical knowledge needed √√ Flow of water easily controlled √√ Reduced evaporation √√ [Any TWO]
3.1.10
(2 x 2)
(1 x 2)
(2)
(1 x 2)
(2)
Identify the landform numbered 3-4 on the orthophoto map. Valley √√
Copyright reserved
(4)
The area marked X in blocks F4 and F5 on the topographical map is relatively flat/gentle, but not inhabited by human beings. Give ONE reason why this is the case. It has swamps and marshes √√ Wetland √√ Protected area √√ Unstable soil √√ Mosquitoes/insects √√ [Any ONE]
3.1.11
(4)
Please turn over
Geography/P2
3.1.12
9 NSC – Memorandum
Compare the settlement Wavecrest (block B11) and Humansdorp (block B2) on the topographical map in terms of the following, on the table provided:
Street pattern Flow of traffic
3.1.13
DBE/November 2010
WAVECREST HUMANSDORP Grid/rectangular √√ Irregular/free pattern/planned irregular √√ Traffic flows faster Traffic flows √√ slowly/congestion √√ (4 x 2)
(8)
What street name is given to the R102 where it runs through Humansdorp (B2)? Voortrekker √√ (1 x 2)
(2) [40]
QUESTION 4 4.1
Identify a polygon feature and a line feature in block C2. Polygon feature: dam / street block / recreational zone / cultivated land built up area / excavation / school √√ Line feature:
4.2
road / street / contour line / river / farm boundary row of trees / hiking trail √√
(2 x 2)
(4)
With reference to the concept of attribute data, answer the following questions. 4.2.1
Define the term attribute data. This is descriptive data √√ [CONCEPT]
4.2.2
(2)
(1 x 2)
(2)
Name ONE attribute of the N2 in block A2. It is a national road √√ It is a freeway √√ Has many lanes √√ Tarred road √√ Has off- and on-ramps √√ Road is level √√ Road is straight √√ [Any ONE]
Copyright reserved
(1 x 2)
Please turn over
Geography/P2
4.3
10 NSC – Memorandum
Data integration is combining different types of data for the purpose of decision-making. Discuss TWO types of data that a farmer in block A5 will consider before cultivation. Availability of water √√ Fertility of soil √√ Relief of the land (slope) √√ Microclimate √√ Access to infrastructure √√ Access to transport √√ [Any TWO. Accept other logical answers]
4.4
(2 x 2)
(4)
GIS allows us to use thematic layers on maps. Refer to the topographical map and name TWO layers of information that were used in compiling the topographical map of Humansdorp. Infrastructure – rail links, power lines √√ Land use – industries, churches, hospitals, etc √√ Relief features – steepness of the land √√ Vegetation – natural, cultivated √√ Drainage – rivers, marshes √√ [Any TWO]
4.5
DBE/November 2010
(2 x 2)
(4)
The Hip Hop Joint company wants to open a new store in Jeffreys Bay. Suggest TWO ways in which GIS can be used to assist with the location of the store. To determine the proximity of similar shops in the area √√ Gives an idea of earning potential in the area √√ Indicates population density of area √√ Determine population demographics √√ Indicates accessibility √√ Can determine compatibility with other stores √√ Determine crime levels √√ Determine availability of open land √√ [Any TWO. Accept any other reasonable answer]
Copyright reserved
(2 x 2)
(4) [20]
TOTAL:
100
