Golden Rice Project Indonesia - IRRI Workplan Meeting 16-17 February 2015 Jakarta, Indonesia

Buang Abdullah (ICRR) Violeta N. Villegas (IRRI)

Rice Science for a Better World

Overview • • • • • •

The need: Vitamin A deficiency The Golden Rice Project Golden Rice R & D in Indonesia Strengthening capacity Some Challenges IRRI’s commitment

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Vitamin A deficiency: A global problem1 • Globally, 190 million preschool children and 19 million pregnant women are vitamin A-deficient1 • Dietary diversification, fortification, and supplementation have made headways in combating vitamin A deficiency, yet gaps still exist.

1World

Health Organization. 2009. Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995-2005. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved October 16, 2014 from http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi14.pdf.

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Vitamin A deficiency in targeted Asian countries VAD (%) Country

Children

Pregnant women

Philippines*

15.2

9.5

Indonesia**

20.0

~17.0

Bangladesh***

20.5

~18.0

* FNRI Nutrition Survey, 2008 ** World Bank, 2011 *** ICDDR, Bangladesh, 2013

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Consequences of Vitamin A Deficiency Target group

Vitamin A deficiency

Children

•Child mortality •Measles •Night blindness •Corneal scarring •Blindness

Women

•Night blindness in pregnant and lactating women

Sources: WHO, 2000; FAO, 2006; Stein,2005)

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Vision: Reduce vitamin A deficiency by complementing existing approaches • Access to diverse nutritious and fresh food is a problem for many due to seasonality, cost and land availability • Current vitamin A supplementation programs are prone to fluctuations in funding and inconsistency of coverage*. About 10–20% of the most vulnerable children are missed. • Fortified foods are less likely to reach rural areas and must be mandatory and subsidized to reach those in need** *International Food Policy Research Institute, Welhungerlife, and Concern Worldwide. 2014. 2014 Global Hunger Index: The **Challenge of Hidden Hunger. Retrieved from http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi14.pdf.

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Why Rice? Caloric intake (%/day) from rice relative to other sources (Indonesia)

Source: GRiSP

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Impact opportunity

Because rice is widely produced and consumed, Golden Rice has the potential to reach many people, especially those missed by current interventions

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How much Vitamin A can Golden Rice provide?

• The body converts beta carotene in Golden Rice to Vitamin A as it is needed • Daily consumption of about 1 cup of Golden Rice can supply 50% of RDA for Vitamin A for an adult Tang, et al. 2009. Golden Rice is an effective source of Vitamin A. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 89:1776-1783 9 Rice Science for a Better World

Golden Rice Golden Rice is being developed as a potential new food-based approach to improve vitamin A status.

Phytoene synthase from maize

+

and Phytoene desaturase from a common soil bacterium

Ordinary Rice

Golden Rice

Made possible through modern biotechnology Rice Science for a Better World

A little bit of Golden Rice (GR) history • GR prototype developed by Ingo Portykus and Peter Beyer; phytoene synthase gene (psy) from daffodil, phytoene desaturase gene (crt1) from Erwinia uredovora; beta carotene in grain was low

• GR 1 and GR2 series developed by Syngenta: psy from maize, crt1 from E. uredovora; beta carotene in grain was higher • Six events were donated for humanitarian purpose • Lead event changed through time, change dictated by research results Rice Science for a Better World

Objective: To develop Golden Rice as a potential new foodbased approach to complement current approaches to alleviate Vitamin A deficiency. Golden Rice would be introduced as another approach to fighting VAD if it is proven to:    

be safe match farmer and consumer expectations improve vitamin A status, and be accessible and affordable for those most in need Rice Science for a Better World

Golden Rice Roadmap

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Breeding Golden Rice Varieties • Breeders at IRRI and national partners (ICRR, BRRI, PhilRice) are developing Golden Rice versions of existing, popular rice varieties. • The new varieties would produce beta carotene while still having traits (yield, pest resistance, and grain qualities) acceptable to farmers. • Cooking and sensory tests will be done to help make sure that Golden Rice meets consumer needs and preferences. BRRI: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute ICRR: Indonesian Center for Rice Research PhilRice: Philippine Rice Research Institute

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Bioefficacy of Golden Rice • HKI will conduct an independent evaluation to assess whether or not consumption of Golden Rice improves the vitamin A status of adults by conducting tests under controlled community conditions

• Bioefficacy trial to done after getting food/feed approval

HKI: Helen Keller International

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Breeding • GR2-E introgression now at BC5F3 in PSB Rc82, IR64, and BRRI dhan 29; will be transferred to partners in Q1-Q2 2015; breeding to be continued by respective countries

• Dr. Buang Abdullah visited the trials 2 weeks ago, signified interest to have Golden Rice PSB Rc82 and BRRI dhan 29 which have tungro resistance, in addition to GR IR64 • GR2-T introgression into indica varieties initiated in screenhouse • Use of marker-assisted backcrossing to optimize recovery of background genetics, with 5ppm total carotenoids (2 months after storage as cut-off) BC5F3: Backcross 5, 3rd selfed generation

CFT: Confined Field Trial

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Breeding • Plants closely resemble the recurrent parents (phenotypically and aided by molecular markers) • with sufficient level of β-carotene

RC82

GR2-E RC82

GR2-E RC82

RC82

BRRI dhan 29

IR64

GR2-E IR64

GR2-E GR2-E BRRI dhan 29 dhan 29 dhan Rice29Science

GR2-E IR64

IR64

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IRRI to generate biosafety data to support food/feed submissions in Partner countries • • • •

Molecular and bioinformatics data Protein safety studies (allergencity, toxicity) Genetic stability and heritability studies Compositional and nutritional data

Indonesia to generate country-specific data • Agronomic performance data • Environmental safety data

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Golden Rice R & D activities in Indonesia • Further breeding work to develop GR2-E lines of IR64 and Ciherang • Conduct field trials as required by Indonesian regulatory system • Strengthening of communications and stakeholder management • Strategies for appropriate product stewardship (SOPs, value chain study) • Seek regulatory approvals (food/feed and cultivation) SOPs: Standard operating prodedures

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Strengthening capacity • Instrumentation and training for molecular work and carotenoid analysis provided to Indonesia (also Bangladesh and Philippines) • Compliance and stewardship trainings to be provided to partners • SOPs and WIMs for critical activities developed at IRRI to be shared for local adaptation

• Communication capabilities of partners to be enhanced through training, strategizing, and stakeholder mapping • Based on initial learnings on TMA in Philippines, similar activities to be done in partner countries SOPs: Standard Operating Procedures WIMs: Work Instruction Manuals TMA: Trade and Market Assessment 20 Rice Science for a Better World

Communication and stakeholder engagement • Bolstered stakeholder support by recruiting senior advocates and deepening engagement with nutrition, biotechnology, and media sectors.

• Engagement with priority stakeholders and allies in the Philippines, Bangladesh and Indonesia will be expanded.

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Challenges • Regulatory environment • Need to address different facets, not just the Golden Rice technology (e.g. social acceptance) • Anti-GM activities • Policy environment (national and local)

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Our Partners • Indonesia: Indonesian Centre for Rice Research

• Bangladesh: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute • Philippines: Philippine Rice Research Institute • Vietnam: Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute • India: Directorate of Rice Research, Tamil Nadu Agric Univ, Indian Agric Research Institute

We need to feed and nourish our people 23 Rice Science for a Better World

IRRI’s Commitment IRRI will continue to support the Golden Rice Project to deliver the technology in a responsible manner to benefit the target beneficiaries GR can complement current efforts to address VAD

Terima kasih Salamat po Thank you Rice Science for a Better World