Going to (I am going to do) Área Lectura y Escritura, Inglés Resultados de aprendizaje Conocer el uso de going to en contextos de escritura formal. Diferenciar el uso de going to con otros indicadores de futuro. Utilizar las diversas formas verbales de going to en contextos de escritura formal. Contenidos 1. Going to 2. Marcadores de tiempo futuro Debo saber Para desarrollar esta guía de mejor manera, es necesario que el estudiante deba tener conocimientos de los siguientes tiempos verbales: -

Presente simple Presente continuo

En caso de no poseer los conocimientos anteriormente nombrados, puedes revisar la carpeta de inglés del área de lectura y escritura, donde encontrarás guías de trabajo e introducción a los tiempos verbales mencionados.

Going to We use – going to (do) when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. Let’s check an example: -

A: There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I’m too tired. I’m going to have an early night.

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A: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going to do with it? B: I’ve heard she’s going to travel round the world.

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A: Have you made the coffee yet? B: No, but I’m just going to make it. (Just = just at this moment).

As you can see, - going to is mainly used when you have already made your mind and know exactly what you are going to do. In terms of structure, - going to use verb to be, - going to and the verb in its base form. The only change you have to be aware of is the use of the first person singular –am and the third person singular – is. To clarify, check examples below. -

I am going to travel to the U.S.A next year. She is going to bring her new boyfriend today.

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Chile and Argentina are going to play the final of the American cup 2016.

In the case of the negative, we must add the expression not between verb to be and going to: -

Colombia is not going to qualify for the finals. Chile will beat them. I am not going to wait here for more than an hour; I have a very important meeting after this lesson.

In the case of the interrogative, you need to change the order of words. First, you start with verb to be, followed by the subject and going to. Examples: -

Are you going to give up smoking? Is she going to break up with him? Am I going to die?

We prefer to use present continuous (I am doing) when we say what someone has arranged to do – for example, arranged to meet someone, arranged to travel somewhere. – Going to is also possible: -

What time are you meeting Ann? (or ‘are you going to meet’) I’m travelling to Scotland on Monday. (or ‘I’m going to travel’) (In case of doubt, check the handout on present continuous).

We use – was / were + - going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn’t do). Remember that - was is used with the first and third person singular, while - were is used with plurals. Check examples: -

We were going to travel by train but when we decided to go by car.

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A: Did Tom do the examination? B: No, he was going to do it but in the end he changed his mind.

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I was just going to cross the road when someone shouted ‘stop!

Going to also has another meaning. Study this example situation: -

The man can’t see where he is going. There is a hole in front of him. He is going to fall into the hole. Here the speaker is saying what he thinks will happen. Of course he doesn’t mean that the man intends to fall into the hole.

As a result, we use – going to in this way when we say what we think will happen. Usually there is something in the present situation (the man walking towards the hole) that makes the speaker sure about what will happen. Additionally, the main difference between – going to and – will is the – going to implies certainty about the future. ‘Something is going to happen’ implies that you have clear information about this situation; you have evidence to probe your future statement.

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Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain (the clouds are there now and look greyer full of fresh water). Oh, I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick (I feel terrible now: your face looks red and you have a running nose).

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Exercises 1. In this exercise you have to say when you are going to do something. Example: Have you cleaned the car? (Tomorrow) Not yet, I’m going to clean it tomorrow. Have you made the coffee? (Just) Not yet, I’m just going to make it. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Have you phoned Tom (after lunch) not yet. __________________________________. Have you had dinner? (Just) not yet. _________________________________. Have you painted your flat? (Soon) not _____________________________________. Have you repaired my bicycle? (Just) ________________________________________.

2. In this exercise you have to write questions with – going to. Example: I’ve won a lot of money. (What / with it?) What are you going to do with it? 1. I am going to party tonight (what / wear?) ____________________________________ 2. Tom has just bought a painting (where / hang it)_______________________________ 3. I’ve decided to have a party. (Who / invite?) ___________________________________ 3. In this exercise you have to use was/were going to. Example: Did you travel by train? No, I was going to travel by train but I changed my mind. 1. Did you buy that jacket you saw in the shop window? No, I _________________________________ but I changed my mind. 2. Did Sue get married? No, she _________________________ but she _______________________________. 3. Did Tom resign from his job? No, ________________________ but _______________________________________. 4. Did Wayne and Sharon go to Greece for their holidays? No, ___________________________________________________________________. 5. Did you play tennis yesterday? No, ___________________________________________________________________. 6. Did you invite Ann to the party? No, ___________________________________________________________________. 4. Now you have to say what you think is going to happen in these situations. Example: They sky is full of black clouds. (Rain) It’s going to rain. 1. Terry is doing his examinations tomorrow. He hasn’t done any work for them and he is not very intelligent. (fail) He _______________________________________________. 2. It is 8.30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45 but the journey takes 30 minutes. (be late) _____________________________________________________. Servicios Académicos para el Acompañamiento y la Permanencia - PAIEP Primera Edición - 2016 En caso de encontrar algún error, contáctate con PAIEP-USACH al correo: [email protected]

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3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water very quickly (sink) it ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Ann is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. (run out of petrol) ________________________________________.

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Key 1. In this exercise you have to say when you are going to do something. 1. 2. 3. 4.

I’m going to phone him after lunch. I’m just going to have it. Not yet. I’m going to paint it soon. Not yet. I’m just going to repair it.

2. In this exercise you have to write questions with – going to. 1. What are you going to wear? 2. Where is he going to hang it? 3. Who are you going to invite? 3. In this exercise you have to use was/were going to. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

No, I was going to buy it but I changed my mind. No, she was going to get married but she changed her mind. No, he was going to resign (from his job) but he changed his mind. No, they were going to go to Greece (for their holidays) but they changed their minds. No, I was going to play tennis but I changed my mind. No, I was going to invite her (to the party) but I changed my mind.

4. Now you have to say what you think is going to happen in these situations. 1. 2. 3. 4.

He is going to fail (his examinations). He is going to be late. It is going to sink. She / the car is going to run out of petrol.

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