Glossary advanced attack helicopter (AAH) [N-C-U10]: a special ground assault aircraft with twin engines and heavy firepower. śmigłowiec szturmowy aero-medical evacuation [N-C-U9]: the transport of sick or injured personnel by way of specialized aircraft. ewakuacja rannych drogą powietrzną aid and litter team [N-C-U13]: a patrol element responsible for removing and treating casualties during an operation. zespół ewakuacji rannych air-to-air missile [N-C-U10]: a guided projectile fired from one aircraft with the purpose of destroying another aircraft. pocisk powietrze-powietrze airburst munitions [N-UNC-U4]: small grenades fired from a weapon and pre-set to explode above or beside hidden targets. amunicja eksplodująca w powietrzu all-wheel drive [ADJ-U7]: (vehicle) when every wheel is being used by the engine to propel the vehicle. pojazd z napędem na wszystkie koła ambulance [N-C-U6]: a vehicle equipped to transport the sick or injured. ambulans (karetka) ambush [N-C-U1]: a sudden attack from a hidden position. zasadzka ammunition [N-UNC-U3]: the projectiles that can be fired from a weapon, such as bullets or shells. amunicja ammunition belt [N-C-U3]: a device that stores cartridges and feeds them into a gun to be fired. taśma z amunicją amphibious [ADJ-U5]: (vehicles) able to travel both on land and in water. pływający (zdolny do poruszania się po lądzie i wodzie) anti-infiltration device [N-C-U1]: a weapon used to keep military personnel or vehicles out of an area. mina (miny) zakładana w celu utrudnienia dostępu jednostek przeciwnika do określonego rejonu

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Glossary

anti-personnel land mine (APL) [N-C-U1]: an explosive device used to damage enemy infantry by its blast or fragments. mina przeciwpiechotna anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) [N-C-U2]: a projectile designed to destroy heavily-armored vehicles. rakietowy przeciwpancerny pocisk kierowany (rppk) Apache [N-C-U10]: an advanced attack helicopter. “Apacz” (rodzaj śmigłowca szturmowego) area-denial weapon [N-C-U1]: a weapon used to limit or deny land access to military traffic. mina (miny) zakładane w celu utrudnienia dostępu do określonego rejonu armaments [N-C-U5]: the weapons and supplies of combat. uzbrojenie armor-piercing [ADJ-U7]: (projectile) able to penetrate armor. przeciwpancerny (zdolny do przebijania pancerza) armored personnel carrier (APC) [N-C-U5]: a vehicle used to transport infantry to the front lines quickly and safely. transporter opancerzony arsenal [N-C-U8]: a supply of weapons. arsenał (posiadana broń) auto-cannon [N-C-U5]: a rapid-fire weapon that fires shells instead of bullets. działko szybkostrzelne Avenger [N-C-U8]: air defense system consisting of an HMMWV mounted with launch pods that can fire eight surface-to-air missiles. „Mściciel” (rodzaj broni - system obrony przeciwlotniczej) avionics [N-UNC-U9]: the electronic systems and devices used in aircrafts. awionika battle-taxi [N-C-U5]: a nickname for an armored personnel carrier. dosł. taksówka bojowa – nieformalne określenie transportera opancerzonego bipod [N-C-U3]: a two-legged structure that supports rifles, machine guns or other long-barreled weapons. dwójnóg (podpórka) Black Hawk [N-C-U9]: a utility helicopter. „Czarny jastrząb” (rodzaj śmigłowca wojskowego)

body armor [N-UNC-U4]: a protective covering designed to defend the body from weapons. kamizelka kuloodporna buffer zone [N-C-U11]: an area that keeps two or more regions distant from one another. strefa buforowa bullet [N-C-U3]: a small metal object that is fired from a gun’s barrel. nabój (kula) bullet-resistant glass [N-UNC-U6]: a material used in various military vehicle windows, designed to withstand gunfire. szkło kuloodporne caliber [N-UNC-U3]: the measurement of the inside of a gun’s barrel or the width of a bullet. kaliber cargo [N-C-U6]: the goods being transported by a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle. ładunek cartridge [N-C-U4]: the casing for a firearm’s ammunition. nabój (także łuska) ceasefire [N-C-U11]: an order for armies to stop fighting. zawieszenie broni chain flail [N-C-U1]: a device used by mine clearing machines to beat the ground and safely detonate mines in the vehicle’s path. „cep łańcuchowy” (element urządzenia niszczącego miny) checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a place where a military unit can inspect people and vehicles passing through a certain location. punkt (posterunek) kontrolny choke point [N-C-U12]: a narrow passage on a route. zwężenie drogi (mogące powodować opóźnienia w ruchu) civil war [N-C-U11]: a war between two regions or groups of the same country. wojna domowa Claymore [N-C-U1]: an anti-personnel mine that discharges shrapnel in an arc toward the enemy. rodzaj kierunkowej miny przeciwpiechotnej (pierwotnie nazwa szkockiego miecza)

Glossary closed checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a checkpoint that limits or denies access to a route, much like a roadblock. posterunek kontrolny blokujący przejazd combat identification panel [N-CU6]: a device mounted on military vehicles to allow them to be told apart from the enemy during battle. tablica identyfikacyjna (działająca na podczerwień) combat patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit given the job of destroying or capturing the enemy or the enemy’s properties. patrol bojowy combat search and rescue (CSAR) [N-UN-C-U14]: a search and rescue mission carried out in or near a combat zone. misja poszukiwawczo-ratunkowa w strefie walki (lub w pobliżu tej strefy) command detonation [ADJ-U1]: (mode) when a mine is set off by the operator. zdalna detonacja (inicjowana przez operatora) compass man [N-C-U13]: the member of a patrol who assists in navigation by keeping the group on course. żołnierz w patrolu określający kierunek marszu console display [N-C-U8]: the visual piece of a central control or instrument panel. ekran wyświetlający danego urządzenia convoy [N-C-U12]: a group of vehicles traveling together for safety and support. konwój convoy commander [N-C-U12]: the leader in charge of an entire convoy operation. dowódca konwoju copilot-gunner [N-C-U10]: the member of an aircraft crew who assists the pilot by operating an aircraft’s weaponry. operator broni pokładowej CornerShot [N-C-U4]: a firearm that bends in the middle, allowing the shooter to fire around a corner. broń składana umożliwiająca strzelanie zza narożnika budynku current intelligence [N-UNC-U14]: the most up-to-date data concerning a route, terrain, or enemy unit. najświeższe (bieżące, aktualne)

dane wywiadowcze deliberate checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a semi-permanent installation where a military unit can inspect people or vehicles passing through a location. zawczasu przygotowany posterunek kontrolny demilitarized zone (DMZ) [N-C-U11]: a buffer zone devoid of any and all military action. strefa zdemilitaryzowana demobilize [V-T or I-U11]: to release from military use or service. zdemobilizować (wycofać z użytku) direct-fire battle [N-C-U5]: an exchange of fire when two forces are close enough for their weapons to be able to aim on the targets themselves. walka z użyciem ognia bezpośredniego disarm [V-T or I-U11]: to rid an army of weapons. rozbroić disengagement [N-C-U11]: the act of making two things separate from each other, such as two armies in battle. rozdzielenie wojsk (wycofanie z walki) distressed personnel [N-UNC-U14]: military persons in need of immediate assistance. osoby potrzebujące pomocy driver fatigue [N-UNC-U12]: when a vehicle operator becomes too tired to drive safely. przemęczenie kierowcy drum [N-C-U3]: a type of firearm magazine shaped like a cylinder that stores rounds in a spiral shape. bęben (z nabojami) element [N-C-U13]: a single aspect of a military operation. element (np. operacji wojskowej) escape route [N-C-U15]: a quick and safe passage from a location. droga ucieczki (wycofania) evasion [N-C-U14]: the act of escaping or avoiding an enemy unit. unikanie przeciwnika evasion plan of action (EPA) [N-CU14]: a strategy for avoiding the enemy during a search and rescue mission. plan unikania przeciwnika explosive [N-C-U1]: a substance that

bursts violently or causes a burst to occur. materiał wybuchowy explosive-reactive armor (ERA) [N-UNC-U2]: a defense used on certain military vehicles that detonates any penetrating weapons, causing them to explode away from their targets. pancerz reaktywny explosively formed penetrator (EFP) [N-C-U6]: a special type of charge designed to pierce through armor. pocisk kumulacyjny external stores support system (ESSS) [N-C-U9]: a structure of stub wings on the fuselage of an aircraft that is able to carry fuel tanks or weapons. belka podkadłubowa (zaczep wielofunkcyjny) fire-and-forget [ADJ-U2]: (weapon) when the projectile requires no human guidance after it has been launched. broń typu „wystrzel i zapomnij” fire support [N-UNC-U5]: long-range firepower that helps military units on the front line, e.g. by way of artillery or aircraft. wsparcie ogniowe fixed-wing aircraft [N-C-U8]: (e.g. airplane) having wings permanently attached to the craft’s fuselage that do not provide power or thrust. samolot (pojazd powietrzny ze skrzydłami mocowanymi na stałe) fording kit [N-C-U6]: a set of equipment that allows a vehicle to travel through water of various depths. zestaw do przekraczania przeszkód wodnych forward area air defense (FAAD) [N-UNC-U8]: a mobile, short-range security system made to defeat lowflying aircraft. system wysuniętej mobilnej obrony przeciwlotniczej four-wheel drive [ADJ-U6]: (vehicle) when all four wheels are being used by the engine to propel the vehicle. napęd na cztery koła (pojazd z takim napędem) friendly fire [N-UNC-U6]: when one injures one’s own unit while trying to harm the enemy. dosł. „ogień przyjazny” - przypadkowy ostrzał wojsk własnych (sprzymierzonych) fully-automatic firearm [N-C-U3]: Glossary

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Glossary a weapon that automatically fires bullets and ejects the spent shells until the trigger is released. broń w pełni automatyczna fuselage [N-C-U9]: the main part of an aircraft, to which the wings and tail are attached. kadłub samolotu Gatling-style [ADJ-U9]: (weapon) using multiple barrels that rotate in a cycle after each round is fired. broń w rodzaju wielolufowej kartaczownicy global positioning system (GPS) [N-C-U9]: an electronic device that uses satellites in order to allow the operator to navigate a terrain. system nawigacji satelitarnej (GPS) ground clearance [N-UNC-U6]: the measurement from the lowest hanging part under a vehicle to the ground. wysokość zawieszenia (odległość między podwoziem a ziemią) guidance system [N-C-U2]: a device or set of devices that allow the operator to navigate an aircraft, missile, rocket, or other vehicle. system naprowadzania gyro-stabilized turret [N-C-U8]: an armored structure with an axle that is able to spin in all directions in order to aim at any target. wieżyczka stabilizowana żyroskopowo halt [N-C-U12]: a planned rest stop along a convoy’s route. postój (konwoju) headquarters [N-UNC-U12]: the center of operations for a military unit from which orders are issued. kwatera główna, sztab hasty checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a temporary location where a military unit can inspect people or vehicles passing through an area. doraźnie zorganizowany posterunek kontrolny helmet mounted display [N-C-U10]: a device that allows an aircraft pilot or gunner to aim weaponry at target in the direction his/her head is facing. celownik sprzężony z hełmem high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) [N-CU6]: a widely-used military vehicle that is able to perform a variety of

30

Glossary

duties including troop transport, medical aid, and being a weapons platform. wielozadaniowy pojazd kołowy (Humvee) holding area [N-C-U15]: an enclosed location near a checkpoint where a person or vehicle can be inspected more closely by a military unit. wydzielone miejsce do kontroli pojazdów lub osób hostile element [N-C-U15]: any part of an enemy unit. dowolna część oddziału nieprzyjaciela humanitarian [N-C-U11]: someone devoted to the well-being of other people. humanitarny improvised explosive device [N-CU5]: a homemade bomb made and deployed in ways different from those in standard military action. improwizowany ładunek wybuchowy infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) [N-CU5]: a troop transport that is fitted with enough armor and weaponry to engage in direct-fire battle. bojowy wóz piechoty infrared homing [ADJ-U2]: a guidance system that uses the electromagnetic radiation given off by a target to track it. naprowadzanie na podczerwień insurgent [N-C-U15]: is a member of the enemy force. powstaniec, buntownik, partyzant interpreter [N-C-U15]: someone who can translate one language into another. tłumacz (języka mówionego) interrogator [N-C-U15]: someone who examines a person by asking questions. osoba prowadząca przesłuchanie Javelin [N-C-U2]: a man-portable antitank guided missile. „Oszczep” rodzaj granatnika (przenośnej wyrzutni pocisków) land mine [N-C-U1]: an explosive device usually detonated by contact. mina lądowa laser-guided missile [N-C-U9]: a projectile that is fired at a target using a laser beam to aim it. pocisk naprowadzany laserowo lateral attack [N-C-U6]: an assault

from the side, as opposed to from above or below. atak z flanki launch [V-T or I-U2]: to propel with force. odpalenie (start) launch pod [N-C-U8]: a structure from which a rocket or missile is fired. wyrzutnia (urządzenie, z którego następuje odpalenie) line of sight [N-C-U2]: the imaginary line from the human eye to the target. linia celowania (linia łącząca oko z celem) Longbow [N-C-U10]: an advanced attack helicopter in the Apache group. “Długi łuk” – rodzaj śmigłowca szturmowego low-velocity cannon [N-C-U4]: a cannon which fires shells at a low speed for short ranges. armata o niskiej prędkości wylotowej pocisku machine gun [N-C-U3]: an automatic firearm that can shoot bullets one after the other very quickly. karabin maszynowy magazine [N-C-U3]: the part of a gun where cartridges are stored before use. magazynek man-portable [ADJ-U2]: can be transported by a person, without the help of a vehicle. przenośny mandate [N-C-U11]: a command or instruction given by a figure of authority. mandat (uprawnienia do działania) march column [N-C-U12]: the line of vehicles that makes up a convoy. kolumna marszowa mine clearing machine [N-C-U1]: a vehicle that creates a safe path for soldiers through a minefield. pojazd (maszyna) do usuwania min mine plow [N-C-U1]: a device used to push land mines out of the path of a tank. pług przeciwminowy minefield [N-C-U1]: an area in which a military has used land mines. pole minowe minefield dispersal system [N-CU9]: a system used to quickly lay land mines over a wide area, by way of fired artillery or dropped bombs. system minowania narzutowego

Glossary mobile support unit [N-C-U8]: a vehicle- or aircraft-mounted defense system used to protect ground troops. mobilny system wsparcia (system broni wspierającej wojska lądowe montowany na pojazdach lub statkach powietrznych) motor pool [N-C-U5]: a group or fleet of vehicles. park sprzętu technicznego (flota pojazdów) MP7 [N-C-U4]: a submachine gun that uses armor-piercing ammunition similar to that used by modern rifles. typ karabinka automatycznego night vision [N-UNC-U10]: A device with night vision gives the operator the ability to see in a dark environment. noktowizor nose-mounted [ADJ-U10]: (device) attached to an aircraft’s most forward point (the nose). montowany w części nosowej samolotu objective [N-C-U13]: a goal that one works toward. cel objective area [N-C-U14]: the location at which a military unit’s mission is aimed. rejon celu obstacle [N-C-U15]: something that blocks or stands in the way of progress. przeszkoda on-scene commander [N-C-U14]: the leader of a search and rescue mission. dowodzący w miejscu prowadzenia akcji poszukiwawczo-ratunkowej optical [ADJ-U2]: relating to the ability to see. optyczny pacesetter [N-C-U12]: the lead vehicle in a convoy that makes sure the planned schedule is followed. pojazd dyktujący tempo marszu (prowadzący kolumnę) patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit assigned to observe or take action in a specific area. patrol patrol leader [N-C-U13]: the commander of a patrol. dowódca patrolu peace accord [N-C-U11]: an agreement between warring groups to stop fighting. porozumienie pokojowe peacekeeping [ADJ-U11]: (mission or

force) with the objective of upholding peace among hostile groups. utrzymywanie pokoju (jeden z rodzajów działań pokojowych) penetrating weapon [N-C-U2]: a weapon designed to break into or pierce a target. broń przebijająca cel periscope [N-C-U7]: a device that uses mirrors to allow the operator to view an environment from an indirect line of sight. peryskop prototype [N-C-U4]: an original form or design of a device. prototyp rate of fire [N-UNC-U3]: the speed at which a weapon can discharge its projectiles. szybkostrzelność rear vehicle [N-C-U12]: one of the last members of a convoy, responsible for maintenance, recovery, and medical aid. jeden z ostatnich pojazdów w konwoju (zabezpieczający konwój pod względem logistycznym i medycznym) recoil [N-UNC-U3]: the abrupt backward movement a gun makes when it is fired. odrzut (podczas wystrzału) reconnaissance patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit that provides current information on the enemy and terrain. patrol rozpoznawczy reconstruction [N-UNC-U11]: the act of building again or renewing. odbudowa recovery [N-C-U14]: the act of getting back or reclaiming a person or object. ratowanie osób lub odzyskiwanie (naprawa) sprzętu release point [N-C-U12]: the final destination of a military convoy. cel (miejsce) do którego ma dotrzeć konwój remote control unit (RCU) [N-C-U8]: a unit that allows the crew to operate a vehicle’s weapons from a distance. urządzenie do zdalnego sterowania remote weapon station (RWS) [N-CU7]: a munitions platform that can be operated from a distance. broń zdalnie sterowana rescue combat air patrol (RESCAP)

[N-C-U14]: an aircraft that provides fire support over an objective area for a combat search and rescue mission. ogniowe wsparcie powietrzne operacji poszukiwawczo-ratunkowej rescue escort (RESCORT) [N-C-U14]: an aircraft that provides fire support to a combat search and rescue mission on route to and from the objective area. ogniowe wsparcie powietrzne operacji poszukiwawczo-ratunkowej w formie eskorty do celu i w drodze powrotnej risk management assessment [N-CU12]: a detailed description of a convoy route’s physical dangers. określenie stopnia ryzyka (np. niebezpiecznych miejsc na drodze konwoju) roadblock [N-C-U15]: a barricade or obstruction preventing access to a route. blokada drogi rounds per minute [PHRASE-U3]: the speed at which a gun can fire cartridges over the course of one minute. naboi na minutę (dla określenia szybkostrzelności) run-flat tire [N-C-U7]: a tire that is designed to keep being useful to a vehicle after it has been punctured. opona, która po przestrzeleniu w dalszym ciągu jest sprawna sandbag [N-C-U4]: a bag filled with sand, used in the creation of barriers or obstacles. worek z piaskiem SAR Task Force (SARTF) [N-C-U14]: a military unit that recovers distressed personnel from a combat zone. zespół do ewakuowania rannych ze strefy walki scout [V-T or I-U13]: to explore or observe in order to gain information. prowadzić zwiad search and rescue (SAR) [N-UNCU14]: missions to recover personnel isolated from their unit and perhaps in danger. poszukiwanie i ratownictwo self-destruct [V-I-U1]: (e.g. mine) destroy itself. mechanizm samozniszczenia shoulder-launched weapon [N-CU2]: a weapon that fires a projectile (usually a missile or rocket) at a target Glossary

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Glossary and is small enough to be carried by a single person. przenośny granatnik (wyrzutnia pocisków) odpalany z ramienia operatora shrapnel [N-UNC-U1]: the fragments from an explosive; also, the metal balls in certain artillery shells. odłamek (także element ładunku rozpryskowego) slat armor [N-UNC-U7]: a defensive covering used on certain military vehicles, that is able to detonate explosive rounds before they hit the vehicle’s hull. pancerz osłonowy (detonujący pociski przed ich dotarciem do kadłuba pojazdu) slew-to-cue [ADJ-U8]: (turret) able to shift into position automatically when the operator selects a target on a console display. broń automatycznie kierująca się na cel wybrany na ekranie przez operatora sling [N-C-U9]: a construction used for lifting and carrying an object. konstrukcja do przenoszenia i podtrzymywania ładunku special-purpose weapon [N-C-U4]: a firearm that combines more than one function, such as a rifle with a grenade launcher attached. broń wielofunkcyjna Stryker [N-C-U7]: a type of infantry fighting vehicle used by the United States Army. typ bojowego wozu piechoty Stryker Brigade Combat Team [N-CU7]: a group of Stryker IFVs that work together toward a common goal. grupa bojowych wozów piechoty typu Stryker stub wing [N-C-U9]: a type of wing on an aircraft that allows extra weight to be carried. typ skrzydła umożliwiającego przewożenie ładunków (np. paliwa) submachine gun [N-C-U4]: a firearm that combines the automatic fire of a machine gun and the cartridge of a pistol. pistolet maszynowy suppressive fire [N-UNC-U3]: the discharge of weapons at the enemy to keep them from seeing, tracking, or firing at a target. ogień obezwładniający

32

Glossary

surface-to-air missile [N-C-U5]: a projectile fired from a device on the ground with the purpose of destroying an aircraft. pocisk ziemia-powietrze surveillance [N-UNC-U13]: the close observation of a person or group. rozpoznanie (systematyczna obserwacja miejsc lub osób) tactical group [N-C-U13]: a military unit that carries out an operation. grupa taktyczna tactical transport [N-UNC-U9]: the movement of personnel or equipment by way of a ground vehicle or aircraft. taktyczny naziemny lub powietrzny transport osób i sprzętu tandem cockpit [N-C-U10]: an aircraft cockpit which seats two crew members, one behind the other. kokpit dla dwóch członków załogi (siedzących jeden za drugim) tandem warhead [N-C-U2]: an explosive projectile that detonates two separate charges, the first to destroy explosive-reactive armor and the second to penetrate the main armor of a target. podwójna głowica bojowa Target Acquisition and Designation System (TADS) [N-C-U10]: a device that allows a helicopter gunner to aim at a target with a helmet-mounted display. system celowniczy sprzężony z hełmem działonowego w śmigłowcu thermal [ADJ-U2]: related to the sensation or observation of heat. termiczny, mający związek z emisją ciepła thermal-imaging camera [N-C-U7]: a camera which allows the user to see a target by the heat it gives off. kamera rejestrująca obiekty emitujące ciepło threat awareness [N-UNC-U15]: the ability to recognize immediate danger. zdolność do rozpoznawania zagrożeń time-delay [ADJ-U1]: (device) set to operate after a fixed amount of time has passed. opóźnionego działania (np. urządzenie) tire spike [N-C-U15]: a sharp device

used to impede or stop the movement of a vehicle by puncturing its tires. kolec do przebijania opon TOW [N-C-U2]: an anti-tank guided missile that can be launched from a variety of different platforms. rakietowy, przeciwpancerny pocisk kierowany tracking patrol [N-C-U13]: a military group that follows an enemy unit, gathering information about the enemy, the route, and the terrain as they track. patrol postępujący za nieprzyjacielem i śledzący jego ruchy trigger [N-C-U3]: a part of the firearm that causes it to fire when pressed. język spustowy tripod [N-C-U2]: a structure with three legs made to hold a machine gun, missile, or other weapon. trójnóg (podpórka) twin-engine [N-UNC-U9]: (aircraft) powered by two separate engines. dwusilnikowy unmanned aerial vehicle [N-C-U8]: an aircraft operated remotely with no personnel on board. bezzałogowy samolot (aparat) rozpoznawczy utility helicopter [N-C-U9]: a helicopter used for many purposes (transport, surveillance, air or ground assault, etc.). śmigłowiec wielozadaniowy vehicle commander [N-C-U7]: the leader of a Stryker IFV who also serves as its gunner. dowódca pojazdu victim-initiated [ADJ-U1]: (e.g. mine) operated unintentionally by the person it is meant to harm. detonowana przez nieświadomą tego osobę (mina) XM29 OICW [N-C-U4]: a prototype assault rifle that fires airburst munitions to damage hidden targets. prototypowy karabinek automatyczny (dostosowany m.in. do miotania amunicji wybuchającej w powietrzu)