GLOBALISATION & HIGHER EDUCATION IN TODAY’S CONTEXT : COLLABORATIONS and COMPETITION AINI IDERIS Universiti Putra Malaysia [email protected]

(7th EUA-CDE, Liverpool 19 June 2014)

Where is Universiti Putra Malaysia?

30 minutes from Kuala Lumpur city centre and KL International airport 10 minutes fron the Administrative centre, PUTRAJAYA

PUTRA SCIENCE PARK (PSP) In a nutshell

UPM Agricuture Conservatory Park

Development of Higher Education Malaysia 2011 & 2014 NHESP Phase 2 & Merger of 2 Ministries 2007 National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP) 2004 Separation from Ministry of Education – Ministry of Higher Education

60s to 2011 Establishments of Private HEI Pre- Independence to 90s Establishments of Public HEI 4

The Malaysian higher education system at a glance

tertiary 20 public universities 42% enrolment 83,633 enrolment in private universities 40 public sector 508,258 private university (2011) 25 colleges enrolment in >100 private sector foreign branch 428,973 8 campuses (2011) 421 private colleges

int’ student enrolment (2013) no. of countries

Source: Ministry of Education Malaysia statistics

1.1

The public sector, at a glance Research universities

Research intensive, graduate focused. 70% public : 30% private funding

Comprehensive universities

Technical universities network

Focused universities

All-encompassing programmes, undergraduate focused. 80% public : 20% private funding

Applied sciences and technology, undergraduate and graduate focused. 80% public : 20% private funding

Specialised disciplines, undergraduate and graduate focused. 80% public : 20% private funding

1.3

Regulatory framework for Malaysian higher education 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Education Act 1996 Private Higher Educational Institutions Act 1996 (Amended 2009) Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 (Amended 2009) National Council on Higher Education Act 1996 National Higher Education Funding Act 1997 National Accreditation Board Act 1996 (Repealed) and replaced with the Malaysian Qualifications Agency Act 2007

Photo credit: UTM University Photo Gallery and Imaging

1.5

Economic Transformation Programme • The Education NKEA is targeted to raise total Gross National Income contribution by RM34bil to reach RM61bil by 2020;

• Require the private education sector to grow six-fold; • Additional 536,000 jobs will be created; and • Foreign student enrolment is also targeted to hit 200,000 by 2020.

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Development of Higher Education

Elitist

Massification

Economic growth, skills and social mobility 5

National Higher Education Strategic Plan – the 7 Strategic Thrusts

• Widening Access & Enhancing Equity

• Improving the Quality of Teaching & Learning

• Phase 1 : Laying the Foundation (2007-2010)

• Enhancing Research & Innovation

• Strengthening HE Institutions

• Phase 2: Strengthening and

•

Enhancement (2011-2015)

• Phase 3: Excellence (2016 • Enculturation of Lifelong Learning MOHE’s Delivery System

• Intensifying Internationalisation

2020) – currently under review

• Phase 4: Glory and Sustainability (beyond 2020)

• Enculturation of Lifelong Learning 8

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TRANSFORMATION ROADMAP

Awang Bulgiba, UM

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Factors that drive Economic Success The assets that drive economic success:  patents  advanced research  venture capital  university graduates and PhDs  air, rail and sea hubs

Assets that drive economic success are in IHLs and RIs

*Source: Bruce Katz, TIME Magazine, 21st Oct 2010

Awang Bulgiba, UM

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Pertinent Issues in Higher Education • Economic transformation to k-economy - recognition of human capital as a catalyst for economic & social development • Massification – from elite to mass production • Commodification – higher education as an industry rather than social institution • Globalization & internationalization - benchmarking standards & quality • Corporate interests - play more important role in determining the purpose of higher education • Of course, there might be more!

Internationalisation of Malaysian higher education - key indicators Increased access to higher education for domestic and international consumption Public higher education (Sept 2013): 5 research universities, 4 technical universities, 11 comprehensive universities Private higher education (Sept 2013): 40 universities, 25 university colleges, 8 branch campuses, 421 colleges Increased enrolment of international students experiencing Malaysian higher education (2003-2013) - 672,839 Public higher education institutions - 186,765 (27.75%); Private higher education institutions - 486,074 (72.25%) Increased scientific publication globally (2007-2012): 77,327 One of leading countries in scientific publication in the ASEAN region; research universities contributing 70% out of total publication Increased prominence as higher education exporter Education as one of twelve National Key Economic Area; RM 27 billion in GNI generated (2009); approximate RM 30,000/international student income generated Greater international outreach Host for international students from >100 countries (2011); 62.35% international collaboration from public higher education institutions located in Asian region; 15.83% EU * covering universities, college universities, colleges - both public and private

1.1 4

Malaysian Higher Education Today

A leader in innovation Produce world class research outputs Center of excellence

The Goals of RU

Produce Nobel Prize winners Generate high impact research publications

Attract and graduate students of high standard Secure research funds from industry Attract the best brains for teaching and research

Challenges in Higher Education • Government funding – constraints & rising costs • Raised students expectations & escalating demand • Rapidly changing international environment -globalisation of education • Worldwide intense competition for students, academics and resources • Greater collaboration with national and international public and commercial/ industry partners • Balance between teaching and research -maintaining quality and excellence • Dramatic changes in technology – ICT led revolution in pedagogy • Maintaining and utilizing brand differentiation – niche areas • Innovation in Teaching & Learning

NEW CHALLENGES FOR UNIVERSITIES • • • • • •

Develop High Impact Innovation Generate Resources Commercialization of Research Outputs Generate Spin-Offs Produce 60,000 PhDs by 2023 Public-private partnerships » Licensing » Entrepreneurship

Challenges Lead to Changes • Growing interests in doctoral education as a source of innovation and competitive advantage in global economy • Realisation of the needs to increase more doctorates in the workforce, especially local graduates

• Doctoral candidates must experience international mobility – funding is required • Global competitions for doctoral scientists and researchers – lead to “brain drain” • High end research requires relevant and state-of-the-art infrastructures

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MyBrain 15 Mission of MyBrain15 Programme:

To generate 60,000 world class Science & Technology doctorates in the Malaysian workforce within 15 years, by 2023, as the core of national innovation, driving the future of our economic competitiveness

MyBrain 15 The programme includes: •

MyMaster

•

MyPhD

•

MyPhD Industry – encourages involvement of industries in R&D

•

MyBrainSc – for pure science research (Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics) in local universities or overseas)

Only Malaysians are eligible to apply

RESEARCH GRANT/SUPPORT FRAMEWORK Talent Support

Research Grant

Infrastructure Hard/Soft

MyBrain15 PhD Industrial PhD

Strategic Program

Investigator-led Research

MRU

Industry Internship Program

LRGS

FRGS

HICoE

PRGS

Mobility Program MRU Human Resource Activities

High Impact Research

TBS

ERGS TRGS

MTUN

PRGS

I2U

RACE/RAGS

Nobel Prominence

KTP Awang Bulgiba, UM

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Most common forms of collaborations: •

PhD joint supervision or academic staff undertaking PhD in partner overseas universities

•

Joint research activities

•

Joint academic programmes

•

Dual degrees

•

Joint consultation

•

Exchange of publication / report / materials

Most common forms of collaborations: •

Sharing of resources, expertise, information and best practices

•

Staff / students mobility

•

Networking and collaborations with industries

Quality Matters • Quality and excellence have always been a keen concern for educators in higher education • Managing or improving quality internally has intensified in more recent years. • Our academic programs are validated by external assessors • Graduate students’ theses are examined by external examiners, many are from foreign universities • Quality encompasses the physical campus, the quality of student life, the attitudes of faculty and staff, the satisfaction levels of faculty and staff, the spiritual environment and the service to external constituencies.

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Initiatives in Research activities • Engagement of graduate research fellows and assistants. • Secure sustainable research grants and funding from government and private sectors. • Increase commercialization of patented products. • Intensity of research strengthens the linkage between research and teaching.

Thank You [email protected]