GIS Planning Tools for the Environmental Professional

GIS Planning Tools for the Environmental Professional 20th Annual NC Onsite Wastewater Conference; Oct. 11, 2004 Jeff Essic Data Services Librarian j...
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GIS Planning Tools for the Environmental Professional 20th Annual NC Onsite Wastewater Conference; Oct. 11, 2004

Jeff Essic Data Services Librarian [email protected] 515-5698 – NCSU D.H. Hill Library

NCSU Libraries GIS Services Data Overview Data Considerations, Local, Fed., State, NC CGIA Local Govt. GIS Survey

Specific Data Sources and Tools Soils, Elevation, Orthophotos, Hydrology, Census

NCSU Libraries GIS Services

Libraries GIS Services • Available to all NCSU faculty, staff, & students including Cooperative Extension • Data Resources – Campus & UNITY Network – In Library

• Assistance – Finding & Getting Data – Using Data & Software

• Virtual Campus Courses • Workstations & Software • http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/data/gis/

Virtual Campus Courses • Online, self-paced courses covering GIS software and analysis methods • Free to NCSU faculty, staff, students • 80+ courses and workshops • 15-25 hours per course • All needed data provided • Certificate for course completion • http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/gis/virtcamp.html

Data Overview

Data Considerations for Environmental Analyses • Large-scale data (most detail) • Through knowledge and understanding of data acquisition and limitations • Ability to conduct additional field work and/or verification and inspection • Willingness to make data assumptions, modifications, and disclaimers

Factors in Choosing Geospatial Data 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Sources - Fed, state, local, international, other Extent - watershed, Census tract, county, state, etc. Age - 1-2 years old vs. 3-7 vs. 8 or more Data accuracy and scale - positional and attribute File sizes - How much free disk space do you have? Attribute availability Metadata availability

Data Distribution • Federally produced unclassified data is publicdomain, often available for free download • State data is available from the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information & Analysis • Local government data is often available from local GIS, tax, or planning departments • Commercial data are available from various sources • NCSU Libraries has a large collection of federal, state, local, and commercial data for NCSU affiliates.

Local Data – Typical Layers • Cadastral (tax parcels) • Digital Orthophotos (100/200/400’ scale; 6”, 1’, 2’ pixel) • Street centerlines • Zoning • Topographic contours • School, sheriff, fire, EMS districts • Voting precincts • Miscellaneous cultural and infrastructure

Most Large-Scale Base Data Layers Come from Local Government Sources

As of Nov. 2003

Links to Local Data Websites

http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/ stacks/gis/counties.html

Map Server Online Interface Iredell County

Data Download Website Johnston County

2003 Statewide Local Government GIS Data Inventory • Goal: “…determine the status of production for geospatial data in North Carolina.” • 100 Counties, 141 Municipalities surveyed, with 92 counties and 91 municipalities responding. • http://www.cgia.state.nc.us/nconemap/ inventory.html

Local Govt. Survey: GIS Software Used 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% A rcGIS (ESRI)

A rcInfo (ESRI)

A rcView 8.x (ESRI)

A rcView 3.x (ESRI)

A rcIMS (ESRI)

GenaMap

IMA GINE

Intergraph

MapInfo

Understanding Systems

Other

Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Geospatial Metadata Creation

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

FGDC-Compliant Internally Defined Data Dictionary None/Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Charge for Data or Free Charge for Data? 1.3% 15.8%

53.9% 28.9%

Yes

No

Sometimes

Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Data Access & Dist. Restrictions Restrict Access to Data?

Restrict Redistribution of Data?

3.9%

4.6% 11.2%

18.4%

29.6%

48.7%

35.5%

48.0% Yes

No

Sometimes

Not Sure

Yes

No

Sometimes

Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Counties with Online Mapping On-line Mapping Application? 3.3%

42.8%

53.9%

Yes

No

Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Counties with Online Data Download Data Available for Download? 5.3% 17.8%

77.0% Yes

No

Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Centerline Specifics Source of Street Centerlines 8.8%

3.5%

Street Centerline Attributes 100% 90%

29.4%

80% 70%

16.5%

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

21.2%

20.6%

0%

0.1% Photo Interpretation Commercial Product Cadastral Not Sure

Digitize from Maps GPS Other

Road Names Road Type Road Direction Address Ranges None

Route Numbers Road Description Street Addresses ZIP Codes Not Sure

Local Govt. Survey: Cadastral Specifics Methods Used to Create Data 2.8%

Cadastral Attributes

4.9%

3.5%

100.0% 34.5%

80.0% 60.0% 40.0%

27.5%

20.0% 0.0%

26.8%

COGO Digitize from Maps Other

Photo Interpretation GPS Not Sure

Owner Owner Address Ownership Type Land Use Acreage # of Structures Assessed Value Not Sure

Parcel Address Construction Date Zoning Deed/Book/Page Land Value Building Value None

Local Govt. Survey: Various Layers Maintained 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ortho County Bnd. Land Use Hospitals Landfills Building Footprints

Cadastral ETJs Airports Storm Surge Watersheds Future Land Use

Roads Surface Waters Schools Police Stations Wetlands Water Lines

Municipal Bnd. Elevation Universities Fire Stations Hazardous Disposal Sites Sewer Lines

Feature Data Acquisition Status

Federal Data • Federal data is public-domain and easily downloaded from numerous websites. • http://www.geodata.gov - Federal data portal linked to agency data sources • http://nationalatlas.gov - Interactive mapping and download • http://nationalmap.usgs.gov - Cascading Map Server

Federal Data Examples • USGS: National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Raster Graphics (DRG), • FEMA: Flood zones • NOAA: various coastal data • EPA: various environmental data • NRCS: soil surveys and various agricultural data • FWS: Natl. Wetlands Inventory (NWI), wildlife • NPS: recreational, historic data

State Data – NC CGIA • NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis Corporate Database • Wide range of data, over 100 different layers • Scale: mostly 1:24,000 to 1:100,000 • Arc/Info coverage and shapefile formats • Projected in Stateplane NAD 83 meters • Best data purchase option is to buy BasinPro 8 for $325 • Data download soon coming to NCOneMap.com • Data is available to NCSU users via geodata server • http://www.cgia.state.nc.us/cgia/basinpro.html

State Data – Other Sources • NC DOT - DOT data, contours, FEMA flood, ’93 aerial photos, USGS DRG’s, - Some data in CAD Microstation format only - Some data only available for download after-hours

• NCSU PrecisionAg (Soil Science) - http://www.precisionag.ncsu.edu/ - Census, DLG, NRCS soils, ’98 Color IR Orthophotos

NCOneMap.com • “Users will be able to view geographic data seamlessly across North Carolina, search for and download data for use on their own GIS, view and query metadata, determine who has what data through an on-line data inventory, and more!”

• Connect local WMS to one site • North Carolina’s node on the National Map • Data Standards and complete metadata are welcome by-products

NC OneMap

Other Data Sources • Council of Governments, Ex/ Regional open space • Utilities • University Faculty and Peers • Commercial data products, usually originate from govt. sources, but are value added -

Maptech Delorme National Geographic Geolytics

Specific Data Sources and Tools

Soil data (SSURGO) Preferred download site: Soil Data Mart - http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/

Soil Data Mart http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ Map of available datasets as of 09/2004

Soil data (SSURGO) • Some non-certified “SSURGO” data is available for additional NC counties from NC CGIA (04/2004)

• Also available from http://www.precisionag.ncsu.edu (currently down) or NCSU Libraries

Soil Data Viewer 3.0 • Software program, download from http://www.itc.nrcs.usda.gov/soildataviewer/ • “An easy to use interface for displaying soil survey data and information in ArcView [3.x].” • Create soil-based thematic maps • Provides user access to soil interpretations and soil properties • Requires any MS OS except XP, MS Word, MS Access, and ArcView 3.x • Contains processing rules for appropriate use of the data

Soil Data Viewer 3.0

Elevation Data • Typically raster based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) • Best North Carolina sources: – http://www.ncfloodmaps.com LIDAR derived 20 & 50 ft. DEMs – http://www.mapmart.com 10 meter DEMs in SDTS format, UTM NAD_27 (download 10 free files at a time) – Local government data typically contour lines at varying intervals (2-5 ft. common) – USGS 30 meter DEMs

NCFloodmaps.com • Web Data Viewer • Property/Flood Zone Lookup Tool • Data Download Tool

– flood zones – state govt. data – local govt. data – 20 and 50ft. DEMs and ASCII base elevation points

NC River Basins with LIDAR Derived DEMs

50 ft only

As of 09/2004

USGS 10 Meter DEMs • Download from http://seamless.usgs.gov (1/3” NED) or http://www.mapmart.com

For areas outside, use National Elevation Dataset (NED) 30 meter DEMs

Digital Orthophotos

Statewide Orthophoto Coverage • ’98 Color Infrared (central NC reflown in ’99) • MrSID compressed, StatePlane NAD83 Meters • Download from ncfloodmaps.com or precisionag.ncsu.edu

• ’93 Black & White • Many different formats and projections • Download from ncdot.org

• Resolution for both is 1 meter (12,000 scale)

Local Orthophoto Availability • Wide variation in coverage, scales, formats, time of capture, age, etc.

Urban High Resolution Ortho Imagery • 2002 USGS product, available for viewing and download from http://seamless.usgs. gov • One foot (1/3 meter) resolution

Hurricane Isabelle – NOAA Orthophotos • Images along Outer Banks – Not truly rectified, but DOT, USGS, NPS are working on it – Dare County is first priority – Index maps & JPGs online at http://images.enr.state.nc.us

• B&W Disaster Counties orthophotos – 2ft. 1:400 GeoTIFFs for 39 Fed. Declared Disaster Co. – Viewable online at NCOneMap.com – NC DOT converting to SIDs by county

Hurricane Isabelle – NOAA Orthophotos

Future Orthophoto Collection • The State is working on a plan to collect orthophotos for 1/5 of the state every five years. • High resolution for local government use • Standard formats and compatibilities • MAJOR cost savings to the county governments – Economy of scale – LIDAR ground control points

• Challenges are establishing state oversight, funding mechanisms, and getting full county cooperation and on an acceptable schedule.

Hydrology Data • National Hydrography Database – – – –

High Resolution (1:24,000) data Medium Resolution (1:100,000) data Integrates USGS DLGs & EPA Reach Files Attributes, reaches, flow direction designed for modeling – http://nhd.usgs.gov - free data download

Hydrology Data • North Carolina Surface Waters Dataset – 1:24,000 streams and polygons statewide – Available from NC CGIA, BasinPro 8, NCSU – Data layers organized by River Basin

US Census Data Resources • Download Census 2000 shapefiles from http://www.esri.com/data/download/census2000_ tigerline/index.html Basic attribute tables can be downloaded here too and “joined” to the shapefiles.

US Census Data Resources • Generate custom data tables from - American Factfinder: (http://factfinder.census.gov/) or - NC State Data Center (http://census.state.nc.us/) - Be sure to get a geographic ID (FIPS Code) field to join your tables to the shapefiles.

American Fact Finder Best place to start for creating custom tables

SF1 – Short Form 100% data SF3 – Long Form 1 in 6 sample

NC State Data Center Website (LINC)

Click “Browse All LINC” For NC Agency Data

Online Mapping Sites of Interest • French Broad River Watershed Atlas http://seris.info/RiverLink/maps.shtml • North Carolina Soils Explorer http://arcims.soil.ncsu.edu:8080/Website/CtyMaps/ind ex.htm • Clean Water Management Trust Fund Map Server http://www.undersys.com/clean/cwmtfweb.html • Wetlands Data On-line (Division of Coastal Management) http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/Wetlands/dataintro.htm

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