GIS Planning Tools for the Environmental Professional 20th Annual NC Onsite Wastewater Conference; Oct. 11, 2004
Jeff Essic Data Services Librarian
[email protected] 515-5698 – NCSU D.H. Hill Library
NCSU Libraries GIS Services Data Overview Data Considerations, Local, Fed., State, NC CGIA Local Govt. GIS Survey
Specific Data Sources and Tools Soils, Elevation, Orthophotos, Hydrology, Census
NCSU Libraries GIS Services
Libraries GIS Services • Available to all NCSU faculty, staff, & students including Cooperative Extension • Data Resources – Campus & UNITY Network – In Library
• Assistance – Finding & Getting Data – Using Data & Software
• Virtual Campus Courses • Workstations & Software • http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/data/gis/
Virtual Campus Courses • Online, self-paced courses covering GIS software and analysis methods • Free to NCSU faculty, staff, students • 80+ courses and workshops • 15-25 hours per course • All needed data provided • Certificate for course completion • http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/gis/virtcamp.html
Data Overview
Data Considerations for Environmental Analyses • Large-scale data (most detail) • Through knowledge and understanding of data acquisition and limitations • Ability to conduct additional field work and/or verification and inspection • Willingness to make data assumptions, modifications, and disclaimers
Factors in Choosing Geospatial Data 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Sources - Fed, state, local, international, other Extent - watershed, Census tract, county, state, etc. Age - 1-2 years old vs. 3-7 vs. 8 or more Data accuracy and scale - positional and attribute File sizes - How much free disk space do you have? Attribute availability Metadata availability
Data Distribution • Federally produced unclassified data is publicdomain, often available for free download • State data is available from the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information & Analysis • Local government data is often available from local GIS, tax, or planning departments • Commercial data are available from various sources • NCSU Libraries has a large collection of federal, state, local, and commercial data for NCSU affiliates.
Local Data – Typical Layers • Cadastral (tax parcels) • Digital Orthophotos (100/200/400’ scale; 6”, 1’, 2’ pixel) • Street centerlines • Zoning • Topographic contours • School, sheriff, fire, EMS districts • Voting precincts • Miscellaneous cultural and infrastructure
Most Large-Scale Base Data Layers Come from Local Government Sources
As of Nov. 2003
Links to Local Data Websites
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/ stacks/gis/counties.html
Map Server Online Interface Iredell County
Data Download Website Johnston County
2003 Statewide Local Government GIS Data Inventory • Goal: “…determine the status of production for geospatial data in North Carolina.” • 100 Counties, 141 Municipalities surveyed, with 92 counties and 91 municipalities responding. • http://www.cgia.state.nc.us/nconemap/ inventory.html
Local Govt. Survey: GIS Software Used 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% A rcGIS (ESRI)
A rcInfo (ESRI)
A rcView 8.x (ESRI)
A rcView 3.x (ESRI)
A rcIMS (ESRI)
GenaMap
IMA GINE
Intergraph
MapInfo
Understanding Systems
Other
Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Geospatial Metadata Creation
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
FGDC-Compliant Internally Defined Data Dictionary None/Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Charge for Data or Free Charge for Data? 1.3% 15.8%
53.9% 28.9%
Yes
No
Sometimes
Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Data Access & Dist. Restrictions Restrict Access to Data?
Restrict Redistribution of Data?
3.9%
4.6% 11.2%
18.4%
29.6%
48.7%
35.5%
48.0% Yes
No
Sometimes
Not Sure
Yes
No
Sometimes
Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Counties with Online Mapping On-line Mapping Application? 3.3%
42.8%
53.9%
Yes
No
Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Counties with Online Data Download Data Available for Download? 5.3% 17.8%
77.0% Yes
No
Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Centerline Specifics Source of Street Centerlines 8.8%
3.5%
Street Centerline Attributes 100% 90%
29.4%
80% 70%
16.5%
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
21.2%
20.6%
0%
0.1% Photo Interpretation Commercial Product Cadastral Not Sure
Digitize from Maps GPS Other
Road Names Road Type Road Direction Address Ranges None
Route Numbers Road Description Street Addresses ZIP Codes Not Sure
Local Govt. Survey: Cadastral Specifics Methods Used to Create Data 2.8%
Cadastral Attributes
4.9%
3.5%
100.0% 34.5%
80.0% 60.0% 40.0%
27.5%
20.0% 0.0%
26.8%
COGO Digitize from Maps Other
Photo Interpretation GPS Not Sure
Owner Owner Address Ownership Type Land Use Acreage # of Structures Assessed Value Not Sure
Parcel Address Construction Date Zoning Deed/Book/Page Land Value Building Value None
Local Govt. Survey: Various Layers Maintained 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ortho County Bnd. Land Use Hospitals Landfills Building Footprints
Cadastral ETJs Airports Storm Surge Watersheds Future Land Use
Roads Surface Waters Schools Police Stations Wetlands Water Lines
Municipal Bnd. Elevation Universities Fire Stations Hazardous Disposal Sites Sewer Lines
Feature Data Acquisition Status
Federal Data • Federal data is public-domain and easily downloaded from numerous websites. • http://www.geodata.gov - Federal data portal linked to agency data sources • http://nationalatlas.gov - Interactive mapping and download • http://nationalmap.usgs.gov - Cascading Map Server
Federal Data Examples • USGS: National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Raster Graphics (DRG), • FEMA: Flood zones • NOAA: various coastal data • EPA: various environmental data • NRCS: soil surveys and various agricultural data • FWS: Natl. Wetlands Inventory (NWI), wildlife • NPS: recreational, historic data
State Data – NC CGIA • NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis Corporate Database • Wide range of data, over 100 different layers • Scale: mostly 1:24,000 to 1:100,000 • Arc/Info coverage and shapefile formats • Projected in Stateplane NAD 83 meters • Best data purchase option is to buy BasinPro 8 for $325 • Data download soon coming to NCOneMap.com • Data is available to NCSU users via geodata server • http://www.cgia.state.nc.us/cgia/basinpro.html
State Data – Other Sources • NC DOT - DOT data, contours, FEMA flood, ’93 aerial photos, USGS DRG’s, - Some data in CAD Microstation format only - Some data only available for download after-hours
• NCSU PrecisionAg (Soil Science) - http://www.precisionag.ncsu.edu/ - Census, DLG, NRCS soils, ’98 Color IR Orthophotos
NCOneMap.com • “Users will be able to view geographic data seamlessly across North Carolina, search for and download data for use on their own GIS, view and query metadata, determine who has what data through an on-line data inventory, and more!”
• Connect local WMS to one site • North Carolina’s node on the National Map • Data Standards and complete metadata are welcome by-products
NC OneMap
Other Data Sources • Council of Governments, Ex/ Regional open space • Utilities • University Faculty and Peers • Commercial data products, usually originate from govt. sources, but are value added -
Maptech Delorme National Geographic Geolytics
Specific Data Sources and Tools
Soil data (SSURGO) Preferred download site: Soil Data Mart - http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/
Soil Data Mart http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/ Map of available datasets as of 09/2004
Soil data (SSURGO) • Some non-certified “SSURGO” data is available for additional NC counties from NC CGIA (04/2004)
• Also available from http://www.precisionag.ncsu.edu (currently down) or NCSU Libraries
Soil Data Viewer 3.0 • Software program, download from http://www.itc.nrcs.usda.gov/soildataviewer/ • “An easy to use interface for displaying soil survey data and information in ArcView [3.x].” • Create soil-based thematic maps • Provides user access to soil interpretations and soil properties • Requires any MS OS except XP, MS Word, MS Access, and ArcView 3.x • Contains processing rules for appropriate use of the data
Soil Data Viewer 3.0
Elevation Data • Typically raster based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) • Best North Carolina sources: – http://www.ncfloodmaps.com LIDAR derived 20 & 50 ft. DEMs – http://www.mapmart.com 10 meter DEMs in SDTS format, UTM NAD_27 (download 10 free files at a time) – Local government data typically contour lines at varying intervals (2-5 ft. common) – USGS 30 meter DEMs
NCFloodmaps.com • Web Data Viewer • Property/Flood Zone Lookup Tool • Data Download Tool
– flood zones – state govt. data – local govt. data – 20 and 50ft. DEMs and ASCII base elevation points
NC River Basins with LIDAR Derived DEMs
50 ft only
As of 09/2004
USGS 10 Meter DEMs • Download from http://seamless.usgs.gov (1/3” NED) or http://www.mapmart.com
For areas outside, use National Elevation Dataset (NED) 30 meter DEMs
Digital Orthophotos
Statewide Orthophoto Coverage • ’98 Color Infrared (central NC reflown in ’99) • MrSID compressed, StatePlane NAD83 Meters • Download from ncfloodmaps.com or precisionag.ncsu.edu
• ’93 Black & White • Many different formats and projections • Download from ncdot.org
• Resolution for both is 1 meter (12,000 scale)
Local Orthophoto Availability • Wide variation in coverage, scales, formats, time of capture, age, etc.
Urban High Resolution Ortho Imagery • 2002 USGS product, available for viewing and download from http://seamless.usgs. gov • One foot (1/3 meter) resolution
Hurricane Isabelle – NOAA Orthophotos • Images along Outer Banks – Not truly rectified, but DOT, USGS, NPS are working on it – Dare County is first priority – Index maps & JPGs online at http://images.enr.state.nc.us
• B&W Disaster Counties orthophotos – 2ft. 1:400 GeoTIFFs for 39 Fed. Declared Disaster Co. – Viewable online at NCOneMap.com – NC DOT converting to SIDs by county
Hurricane Isabelle – NOAA Orthophotos
Future Orthophoto Collection • The State is working on a plan to collect orthophotos for 1/5 of the state every five years. • High resolution for local government use • Standard formats and compatibilities • MAJOR cost savings to the county governments – Economy of scale – LIDAR ground control points
• Challenges are establishing state oversight, funding mechanisms, and getting full county cooperation and on an acceptable schedule.
Hydrology Data • National Hydrography Database – – – –
High Resolution (1:24,000) data Medium Resolution (1:100,000) data Integrates USGS DLGs & EPA Reach Files Attributes, reaches, flow direction designed for modeling – http://nhd.usgs.gov - free data download
Hydrology Data • North Carolina Surface Waters Dataset – 1:24,000 streams and polygons statewide – Available from NC CGIA, BasinPro 8, NCSU – Data layers organized by River Basin
US Census Data Resources • Download Census 2000 shapefiles from http://www.esri.com/data/download/census2000_ tigerline/index.html Basic attribute tables can be downloaded here too and “joined” to the shapefiles.
US Census Data Resources • Generate custom data tables from - American Factfinder: (http://factfinder.census.gov/) or - NC State Data Center (http://census.state.nc.us/) - Be sure to get a geographic ID (FIPS Code) field to join your tables to the shapefiles.
American Fact Finder Best place to start for creating custom tables
SF1 – Short Form 100% data SF3 – Long Form 1 in 6 sample
NC State Data Center Website (LINC)
Click “Browse All LINC” For NC Agency Data
Online Mapping Sites of Interest • French Broad River Watershed Atlas http://seris.info/RiverLink/maps.shtml • North Carolina Soils Explorer http://arcims.soil.ncsu.edu:8080/Website/CtyMaps/ind ex.htm • Clean Water Management Trust Fund Map Server http://www.undersys.com/clean/cwmtfweb.html • Wetlands Data On-line (Division of Coastal Management) http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/Wetlands/dataintro.htm