Geothermal Heat Pumps:
 “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and 
 cost-effective HVAC system” – U.S. EPA


Daniel Ellis Chairman

Buildings Dominate U.S. Energy Use

with thermal loads within them being the Largest Contributors

Heating

9.2%

Cooling

4.3%

Hot Water

3.8%

Total

17.3%

Thermal Loads in Buildings are approx. 20% of Total U.S. Energy Consumption

Residential Site Energy Conventional System

Over 70% of the energy consumed by a typical singlefamily home is used to meet thermal loads

Residential Site Energy Geothermal Heat Pump System

Total site energy consumption is cut in half using a GHP

Geothermal Heat Pump Basic Principles

Earth
 is a Vast
 Solar Collector


100%

17% reflected by clouds. 6% reflected by surface.

19% absorbed by water vapor, dust 4% absorbed by clouds.

46% absorbed by ground

Earth

Solar energy maintains a nearly constant temperature throughout the year just below ground

U.S. Underground Temperatures

The Earth is a Source of Heat in Winter…

72°F

Outdoor air design temperature: 5°F

62°F Geothermal heat pumps transfer underground heat into buildings to provide heating

…and an Efficient Place to Reject Heat in Summer…

74°F

Outdoor air design temperature: 105°F

62°F Geothermal heat pumps transfer heat from buildings into the ground to provide cooling

…using Heat Pump Technology

Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the Earth

Geothermal Heat Pumps Transfer Heat Efficiently Purchased: 1 kWh of energy from the grid to operate the system

Yields: 4-6 kWh of energy for the building

Free: 3-5 kWh of energy absorbed from the earth

400-600% Efficient

Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHPs)
 Exchange Heat between Air and Water

$5 $1 Worth of Electricity to Operate the Compressor, Pump and Fan Moves $4 Worth of Heat from the Water

Air Out 100 F

$4 Water In 45 F

Water Out 40 F

Pump

Fan

Air Coil Expans ion Valve

Water Coil

Delivering $5 Worth of Heat into the Air Heating Mode Shown

Heat can be “pumped uphill” meaning delivered at a higher temperature than the source

Revers ing Valve

$1 Com pr essor

Air In 70 F

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Self-contained unit for heating, cooling and hot water that operates with standard thermostat and duct system

Geothermal Heat Pumps are the Most Efficient Way to Convert Renewable Electricity into Thermal Energy

Making them a crucial component of net zero-energy buildings

Geothermal Heat Pumps Are a Scalable Technology

GHPs are used in Small Homes

1300 Sq. Ft. Low Energy Habitat for Humanity Homes

Habitat for Humanity Low Energy Home Construction Details

Geothermal Heat Pump / Foam Insulation / Low-E Glass / CFL Lighting / Energy Star Appliances

Habitat for Humanity

Site Energy Consumption by End Use – Std and Low Energy (LE) Homes 100

95

Std Home - GAS

Std Home - GHP

LE Home - GHP

LE Home - GHP + PV

80

55% to 80% Reduction in Total Energy Use MMBtu / year

60

45

42 40 30 19

20

18

16 15

10

9 5

5

6

4

4

6

7

7

6

12 12

6 2

2

0

0

0

0

-11 -20

Total

Heating

Cooling

Hot Water

Lighting

Appliance

Solar PV

GHPs are used in Large Commercial Buildings

Statue of Liberty Gift Shop

ASHRAE Headquarters - Atlanta, GA

Naval Observatory, Washington DC

Yale Art Bld. – New Haven, CT

Galt House Hotel - Louisville, KY

Harvard Library – Cambridge, MA

Gaillardia Offices – Okla. City

French Laundry Rest.- Napa, CA

California University of PA

Black Point Inn - Prouts Neck, ME

Whistler Village - BC, Canada

Hirschfeld Towers – Denver, CO

Garrett Office Buildings Edmond, Oklahoma

Twin Buildings: One is Geothermal and the Other is Conventional HVAC (VAV)

Garrett Office Buildings Actual Energy and Maintenance Costs 2006-2007 55% Operational Cost Savings 3.00

$ per Square Foot

2.25 Total Electricity Gas Maintenance 1.50

0.75

'VAV System

Geothermal

Garrett Office Buildings Actual Metered Annual Energy Use 2006-2007 47% Site Energy Savings 90

kBtu per Square Foot

68 Total Electricity Gas 45

23

'- 0 VAV System

Geothermal

Garrett Office Buildings Monthly Peak Demand 6.0

35% Peak Demand Reduction 5.5

Watts per Square Foot

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0 Jul-06

Aug-06

Sept-06

Oct-06

Nov-06

Dec-06

Jan-07

VAV System Geothermal

Feb-07

Mar-07

Apr-07

May-07

Jun-07

The Oklahoma State Capitol uses over 600 geothermal heat pumps

Vertical-Loop Heat Pump System Heat Pump

Water Pump

Vertical Bore Ground Heat Exchanger

Surface-Water Heat Pump System Heat Pump

Water Pump

Submerged Heat Exchanger

Hybrid System Heat Pump

Fluid Cooler Water Pump

Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger

The Energy Savings Potential of Geothermal Heat Pumps 
 an Oklahoma Example

Existing Oklahoma Housing Stock # of Homes

Gas – 815,000 Electric – 340,000 Propane – 117,000 Heat Pump – 71,000 Other – 43,000

2006 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Geothermal Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes: Energy, Demand, and Environmental Benefits

CO2 – 1.4 Million Metric Tons per yr Summer Peak – 320 MW Winter Peak– 503 MW Electricity – 1.3 Billion kWh per yr Primary Energy– 20 trillion Btu per yr Assumed Segment Penetration: 25% of homes without access to natural gas

Geo Units – 141,000 total Cost - $1.1 to $1.7 billion total Savings - $252 million per yr

Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison

GHP Data Source: ClimateMaster

LCEO Data Source:

Average price for U.S. Grid Electricity is $114

GHPs Have ZERO Transmission Costs

Geothermal Heat Pump
 Public Policy Perspective 50 state technology Uniquely addresses nearly 20% of US primary energy consumption Incremental cost is the installation of the underground heat exchange piping ▪ ▪ ▪

This can never be imported from China Local green-collar job creation Most of the investment cost remains in the local economy

GHPs are “Made in the USA” Reduces grid electricity demand ▪ ▪

Defers the need for new power plants Extends the capacity of existing transmission lines

Available 24/365 ▪ ▪ ▪

Benefits accrue whenever thermal energy is needed Provide the maximum benefits “on peak” No storage needed

Oklahoma Geothermal Industry

Oklahoma’s Dynamic Geothermal Industry Total Annual Revenues Exceed $600 Million Employs over 4500 People in the State of Oklahoma Six Major Manufacturing Companies Over 3000 employees Annual revenues in excess of $500 million

Over 200 Dealers, Distributors, Reps and Engineering Firms Over 1500 employees Annual GHP revenues over $36.0 million

Oklahoma State University Sponsors the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association Over $10.0 million in grants to study and develop geothermal technology

Oklahoma State Capitol Building World-renowned showcase for geothermal heat pump technology

Thank You!