GCSE Science

Biology

Contents Guide

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Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

GCSE Science

Biology 4

2. Cloning

5

3. Hormones

6

4. Drug Use and Abuse

7

5. Electrical Signals

8

6. Infections and Immunity

9

7. Health and Diet

10

8. Adaptation

11

9. Competition

12

10. Evolution

13

11. Human Impact on the Environment

14

12. Sustainability

15

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

Contents

1. Genes and Genetic Engineering



1. Genes and Genetic Engineering

1. Genes and Genetic Engineering

50 slides 9 interactive Flash activities Chromosomes, genes and DNA • how offspring inherit characteristics from their parents • the structure and function of DNA

animated zoom from the body to chromosomes and genes



diagram of the structure of DNA



matching genetic terms to their descriptions

What is genetic engineering? • an overview of genetic engineering • how crops can be genetically modified to have new characteristics • selective breeding as an example of early genetic engineering

identifying the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops

Changing the genetic code • how bacteria and other cells can be genetically engineered to produce human protein • how transgenic animals can be created to produce human proteins

animation showing how bacteria are genetically engineered to produce human insulin



ordering the sequence of events in making bacteria produce a human protein

Designer babies • the ways in which an embryo’s genetic information can be screened • the ethics of allowing parents to produce saviour siblings • how defective genes can be corrected using gene therapy

citizens’ panel with opinions about the ethics of saviour siblings

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation





anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

2. Cloning 25 slides 6 interactive Flash activities What are clones? • how different organisms reproduce by sexual and asexual reproduction • clones as organisms with identical genetic codes

identifying bias in media reports about cloning

Cloning techniques • how plants can be cloned by taking cuttings and tissue culture • how animal embryos can be cloned by embryo transplantation

sequence of events in cloning a plant by tissue culture



virtual experiment showing how Dolly the sheep was created

2. Cloning

• how nuclear transfer is used to produce clones from adult cells

Stem cells • how stem cells can be created and used to treat diseases

evaluating opinions about human cloning

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology



3. Hormones 47 slides 16 interactive Flash activities What are hormones? • the role of hormones as chemical messengers • the hormones produced by the major glands

identifying true-or-false statements about hormones

Fertility and the menstrual cycle • hormonal and physiological changes during the menstrual cycle

3. Hormones

• the effects of pregnancy and the contraceptive pill on the menstrual cycle

animation showing the menstrual cycle



animated graph showing hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle



ordering the sequence of events in the menstrual cycle



summary of the menstrual cycle

Treating infertility • common causes of infertility, and how it can be treated with fertility drugs and IVF

sequence of events in treating infertility with IVF



evaluating opinions about the availability of free IVF

Blood glucose regulation • the hormones involved in regulating blood glucose levels • diabetes as a failure of the body to regulate blood glucose levels • how insulin was developed as a treatment for diabetes

animation showing how the body controls blood glucose levels



animated graph showing how blood glucose levels vary between diabetics



who control their diet and those who don’t



voting activity about whether animals should be used for medical research



completing sentences about insulin

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation





anagrams of keywords in the presentation



identifying glands and the hormones they produce



completing sentences about fertility



identifying statements about fertility hormones



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

4. Drug Use and Abuse 47 slides 13 interactive Flash activities What are drugs? • an overview of the different types of drugs • how medicinal drugs are developed and tested identifying which types of drugs are over-the-counter, prescription or illegal



guide to how new drugs are developed and tested

Illegal drugs and addiction • the classification system for illegal drugs • the arguments for and against legalizing cannabis use • how people become addicted to drugs and how they can be treated

identifying which illegal drugs belong in which class



citizens’ panel with opinions about the decriminalization of drugs

Alcohol • the short-term effects of alcohol on the body • the long-term effects of alcohol on the body and implications for health

arranging the effects of alcohol on the body by increasing blood alcohol concentration



Tobacco • the health risks associated with smoking • the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke • why smoking is addictive

true-or-false quiz about smoking



graph showing the link between smoking and lung cancer



animated simulation of how the chemicals in cigarette smoke can be identified



animation showing how cigarette smoke affects the airways

4. Drug Use and Abuse



Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

anagrams of keywords in the presentation



guide to the physiological effects of alcohol



guide to the effects of chemicals in cigarette smoke on the body



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology



5. Electrical Signals 42 slides 14 interactive Flash activities Reaction times • an examination of reaction times using the example of a sprint race

5. Electrical Signals

• the importance of rapid reaction times and how they can be negatively affected

animated graph showing changes in a pressure sensor at the start of a sprint race



animated graph examining how reaction times affect the outcome of a sprint race



animated graph examining the correlation between reaction time and race time



identifying the stimuli detected by the different senses

Reflexes and the CNS • an introduction to reflexes and the role of the CNS (central nervous system) • the constituents of a reflex arc • how electrical impulses are transmitted across synapses • the structure and function of sensory and motor neurones

information about diseases that affect the brain



sequence of events in the knee-jerk reflex



ordering the sequence of events in a reflex arc



identifying true-or-false statements about the CNS

The eyes • the structure of the eye • how the iris reflex protects eyes from damage • the difference between monocular and binocular vision • how the eyes focus, and how long- and short-sightedness can be corrected with lenses

simulation of the iris reflex



simulation showing how the eye focuses on close and distant objects



simulations of how long- and short-sightedness can be corrected with lenses



labelling different parts of the eye

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation





anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

6. Infections and Immunity 41 slides 8 interactive Flash activities Keeping pathogens out • how pathogens spread and cause disease • about tuberculosis infection rates and how tuberculosis is treated

guide to the body’s natural defence mechanisms



identifying true-or-false statements about tuberculosis

Fighting infection • how the body responds to infections • the role of phagocytosis in the destruction of pathogens • the roles of T- and B-lymphocytes in the immune response • the production and role of antibodies in the immune response

animation showing phagocytosis



animated graph showing how antibody counts change during and after infections



ordering the sequence of events in fighting an infection

Improving immunity • how passive immunity and vaccination work • introduction to the MMR controversy

identifying the benefits and risks of vaccination

Summary activities

6. Infections and Immunity

• how the body naturally defends itself against invasion by pathogens

• glossary of keywords in the presentation

anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology



7. Health and Diet 36 slides 7 interactive Flash activities Essential nutrients • the chemical components of foods and their uses in the body • information about dietary guidelines

7. Health and Diet



guide to how the body uses different nutrients

Digestion • how food is broken down by physical digestion • the role of enzymes, hydrochloric acid and bile in chemical digestion

animation showing how food is digested



animation showing how carbohydrates, proteins and fats are broken down by enzymes



identifying facts about digestive enzymes

A healthy diet? • how body mass index and blood pressure can provide information about a person’s health • the dangers of unhealthy eating, saturated fat and cholesterol • the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol • reducing the risk of heart disease

voting activity on how often fast food and takeaways are eaten

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

10



anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

8. Adaptation 37 slides 6 interactive Flash activities What is adaptation? • why organisms are adapted to their habitat • the difference between general and specific adaptations

identifying true-or-false statements about adaptation

Predator and prey adaptations • how predators are adapted to hunting and catching prey • poison and mimicry as predator and prey adaptations

identifying which adaptations are likely to be seen in a predator, prey or both

Extreme adaptations • how polar bears are adapted to extremely cold climates • how camels are adapted to very hot and dry climates

identifying statements about the adaptations of different organisms

8. Adaptation

• how prey are adapted to detecting and avoiding predators

Plant adaptations • how cacti are adapted to very hot and dry climates • how plants are adapted for either wind or insect pollination

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

anagrams of keywords in the presentation



using clues to identify mystery organisms from their adaptations



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

11

9. Competition 33 slides 7 interactive Flash activities What is competition? • how competition can occur within a species or between different species • the types of resources for which animals and plants compete • about ecological terms such as niche, habitat, population and community

9. Competition

• the link between competition, population size and evolution

simulation showing how different combinations of resources affect competition



matching ecological terms to their descriptions



completing sentences about competition

Symbiosis • an introduction to symbiosis • about parasitism and mutualism as types of symbiosis

Predator–prey relationships • the link between population changes of the snowshoe hare and the lynx

graph showing the link between predator and prey population cycles



animation showing the link between predator and prey population changes

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

12



anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

10. Evolution 38 slides 11 interactive Flash activities Evidence for evolution • how fossils are formed • the information that fossils can provide about organisms, their evolution and their habitat

animation showing how fossils form



timeline showing the order in which organisms evolved on Earth



timeline showing the evolution of the horse through changes in the fossil record

• how Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin presented different theories of evolution • the importance of natural selection to Darwin’s theory of evolution • the effect of habitat change on a species, and the threat of extinction • the controversy over Darwin’s theory of evolution

timeline showing significant events in the life of Charles Darwin



sequence of events in the natural selection of differently coloured rabbits



identifying true-or-false statements about natural selection

Evolution around us • examples of present-day evolution, including antibiotic-resistant superbugs and bird flu

10. Evolution

Explaining the evidence

sequence of events in the evolution of superbugs

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

anagrams of keywords in the presentation



completing sentences about evolution



ordering the sequence of events in natural selection



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

13

11. Human Impact on the Environment

11. Human Impact on the Environment 36 slides 10 interactive Flash activities Population pressures • how the size of the human population is changing • the impact of the rising human population on the environment

animated graph showing how the world’s population changed from 1750 to present,



and predictions to 2150

Air pollution • types of air pollution • the contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming • the causes of the rise in carbon dioxide levels • the causes and effects of acid rain and damage to the ozone layer

animation showing the greenhouse effect



animated graph showing the trend in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since 1960



identifying which processes release or absorb carbon dioxide



animation showing the causes and effects of acid rain

Water pollution • the causes and effect of eutrophication

animation showing eutrophication in a lake



arranging the sequence of events in eutrophication

Land pollution • how land can be polluted by solid waste and chemicals • methods for disposing of solid waste

animated graph showing how waste disposal methods vary between different countries

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

14



anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

12. Sustainability 45 slides 7 interactive Flash activities The need for sustainability • why sustainability is important for both humans and the environment • about ecological footprints • how unsustainable development endangers many species

animated graph showing the ecological footprints of different countries



matching species to the reasons that they are endangered

• methods of protecting species, including captive breeding, sustainable forestry and fishing quotas • the impact of over-hunting on whale populations, and the ban on whaling

evaluating opinions on why species should be protected from extinction

Farming • the impact of farming on the environment in terms of land loss and the use of chemicals • how genetic engineering and organic farming practices might increase sustainability

identifying the advantages and disadvantages of organic farming



ordering statements about the importance of sustainability to organic and conventional



farming practices

12. Sustainability

Protecting species

Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation

anagrams of keywords in the presentation



multiple-choice review of the presentation

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

15

Notes 16

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

Notes Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

17

Notes 18

Boardworks GCSE Science Biology

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