GCSE Science
Biology
Contents Guide
© Copyright Boardworks Ltd 2007 Boardworks Ltd The Gallery 54 Marston Street | Oxford | OX4 1LF 08703 50 55 60
[email protected] www.boardworks.co.uk
Boardworks GCSE Science contains Adobe® Flash® Player software by Adobe Systems Incorporated, Copyright © 1995-2006 Adobe Macromedia Software LLC. All rights reserved. Adobe and Flash are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. 01-07
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
GCSE Science
Biology 4
2. Cloning
5
3. Hormones
6
4. Drug Use and Abuse
7
5. Electrical Signals
8
6. Infections and Immunity
9
7. Health and Diet
10
8. Adaptation
11
9. Competition
12
10. Evolution
13
11. Human Impact on the Environment
14
12. Sustainability
15
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
Contents
1. Genes and Genetic Engineering
1. Genes and Genetic Engineering
1. Genes and Genetic Engineering
50 slides 9 interactive Flash activities Chromosomes, genes and DNA • how offspring inherit characteristics from their parents • the structure and function of DNA
animated zoom from the body to chromosomes and genes
diagram of the structure of DNA
matching genetic terms to their descriptions
What is genetic engineering? • an overview of genetic engineering • how crops can be genetically modified to have new characteristics • selective breeding as an example of early genetic engineering
identifying the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops
Changing the genetic code • how bacteria and other cells can be genetically engineered to produce human protein • how transgenic animals can be created to produce human proteins
animation showing how bacteria are genetically engineered to produce human insulin
ordering the sequence of events in making bacteria produce a human protein
Designer babies • the ways in which an embryo’s genetic information can be screened • the ethics of allowing parents to produce saviour siblings • how defective genes can be corrected using gene therapy
citizens’ panel with opinions about the ethics of saviour siblings
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
2. Cloning 25 slides 6 interactive Flash activities What are clones? • how different organisms reproduce by sexual and asexual reproduction • clones as organisms with identical genetic codes
identifying bias in media reports about cloning
Cloning techniques • how plants can be cloned by taking cuttings and tissue culture • how animal embryos can be cloned by embryo transplantation
sequence of events in cloning a plant by tissue culture
virtual experiment showing how Dolly the sheep was created
2. Cloning
• how nuclear transfer is used to produce clones from adult cells
Stem cells • how stem cells can be created and used to treat diseases
evaluating opinions about human cloning
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
3. Hormones 47 slides 16 interactive Flash activities What are hormones? • the role of hormones as chemical messengers • the hormones produced by the major glands
identifying true-or-false statements about hormones
Fertility and the menstrual cycle • hormonal and physiological changes during the menstrual cycle
3. Hormones
• the effects of pregnancy and the contraceptive pill on the menstrual cycle
animation showing the menstrual cycle
animated graph showing hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle
ordering the sequence of events in the menstrual cycle
summary of the menstrual cycle
Treating infertility • common causes of infertility, and how it can be treated with fertility drugs and IVF
sequence of events in treating infertility with IVF
evaluating opinions about the availability of free IVF
Blood glucose regulation • the hormones involved in regulating blood glucose levels • diabetes as a failure of the body to regulate blood glucose levels • how insulin was developed as a treatment for diabetes
animation showing how the body controls blood glucose levels
animated graph showing how blood glucose levels vary between diabetics
who control their diet and those who don’t
voting activity about whether animals should be used for medical research
completing sentences about insulin
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
identifying glands and the hormones they produce
completing sentences about fertility
identifying statements about fertility hormones
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
4. Drug Use and Abuse 47 slides 13 interactive Flash activities What are drugs? • an overview of the different types of drugs • how medicinal drugs are developed and tested identifying which types of drugs are over-the-counter, prescription or illegal
guide to how new drugs are developed and tested
Illegal drugs and addiction • the classification system for illegal drugs • the arguments for and against legalizing cannabis use • how people become addicted to drugs and how they can be treated
identifying which illegal drugs belong in which class
citizens’ panel with opinions about the decriminalization of drugs
Alcohol • the short-term effects of alcohol on the body • the long-term effects of alcohol on the body and implications for health
arranging the effects of alcohol on the body by increasing blood alcohol concentration
Tobacco • the health risks associated with smoking • the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke • why smoking is addictive
true-or-false quiz about smoking
graph showing the link between smoking and lung cancer
animated simulation of how the chemicals in cigarette smoke can be identified
animation showing how cigarette smoke affects the airways
4. Drug Use and Abuse
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
guide to the physiological effects of alcohol
guide to the effects of chemicals in cigarette smoke on the body
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
5. Electrical Signals 42 slides 14 interactive Flash activities Reaction times • an examination of reaction times using the example of a sprint race
5. Electrical Signals
• the importance of rapid reaction times and how they can be negatively affected
animated graph showing changes in a pressure sensor at the start of a sprint race
animated graph examining how reaction times affect the outcome of a sprint race
animated graph examining the correlation between reaction time and race time
identifying the stimuli detected by the different senses
Reflexes and the CNS • an introduction to reflexes and the role of the CNS (central nervous system) • the constituents of a reflex arc • how electrical impulses are transmitted across synapses • the structure and function of sensory and motor neurones
information about diseases that affect the brain
sequence of events in the knee-jerk reflex
ordering the sequence of events in a reflex arc
identifying true-or-false statements about the CNS
The eyes • the structure of the eye • how the iris reflex protects eyes from damage • the difference between monocular and binocular vision • how the eyes focus, and how long- and short-sightedness can be corrected with lenses
simulation of the iris reflex
simulation showing how the eye focuses on close and distant objects
simulations of how long- and short-sightedness can be corrected with lenses
labelling different parts of the eye
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
6. Infections and Immunity 41 slides 8 interactive Flash activities Keeping pathogens out • how pathogens spread and cause disease • about tuberculosis infection rates and how tuberculosis is treated
guide to the body’s natural defence mechanisms
identifying true-or-false statements about tuberculosis
Fighting infection • how the body responds to infections • the role of phagocytosis in the destruction of pathogens • the roles of T- and B-lymphocytes in the immune response • the production and role of antibodies in the immune response
animation showing phagocytosis
animated graph showing how antibody counts change during and after infections
ordering the sequence of events in fighting an infection
Improving immunity • how passive immunity and vaccination work • introduction to the MMR controversy
identifying the benefits and risks of vaccination
Summary activities
6. Infections and Immunity
• how the body naturally defends itself against invasion by pathogens
• glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
7. Health and Diet 36 slides 7 interactive Flash activities Essential nutrients • the chemical components of foods and their uses in the body • information about dietary guidelines
7. Health and Diet
guide to how the body uses different nutrients
Digestion • how food is broken down by physical digestion • the role of enzymes, hydrochloric acid and bile in chemical digestion
animation showing how food is digested
animation showing how carbohydrates, proteins and fats are broken down by enzymes
identifying facts about digestive enzymes
A healthy diet? • how body mass index and blood pressure can provide information about a person’s health • the dangers of unhealthy eating, saturated fat and cholesterol • the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol • reducing the risk of heart disease
voting activity on how often fast food and takeaways are eaten
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
10
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
8. Adaptation 37 slides 6 interactive Flash activities What is adaptation? • why organisms are adapted to their habitat • the difference between general and specific adaptations
identifying true-or-false statements about adaptation
Predator and prey adaptations • how predators are adapted to hunting and catching prey • poison and mimicry as predator and prey adaptations
identifying which adaptations are likely to be seen in a predator, prey or both
Extreme adaptations • how polar bears are adapted to extremely cold climates • how camels are adapted to very hot and dry climates
identifying statements about the adaptations of different organisms
8. Adaptation
• how prey are adapted to detecting and avoiding predators
Plant adaptations • how cacti are adapted to very hot and dry climates • how plants are adapted for either wind or insect pollination
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
using clues to identify mystery organisms from their adaptations
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
11
9. Competition 33 slides 7 interactive Flash activities What is competition? • how competition can occur within a species or between different species • the types of resources for which animals and plants compete • about ecological terms such as niche, habitat, population and community
9. Competition
• the link between competition, population size and evolution
simulation showing how different combinations of resources affect competition
matching ecological terms to their descriptions
completing sentences about competition
Symbiosis • an introduction to symbiosis • about parasitism and mutualism as types of symbiosis
Predator–prey relationships • the link between population changes of the snowshoe hare and the lynx
graph showing the link between predator and prey population cycles
animation showing the link between predator and prey population changes
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
12
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
10. Evolution 38 slides 11 interactive Flash activities Evidence for evolution • how fossils are formed • the information that fossils can provide about organisms, their evolution and their habitat
animation showing how fossils form
timeline showing the order in which organisms evolved on Earth
timeline showing the evolution of the horse through changes in the fossil record
• how Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin presented different theories of evolution • the importance of natural selection to Darwin’s theory of evolution • the effect of habitat change on a species, and the threat of extinction • the controversy over Darwin’s theory of evolution
timeline showing significant events in the life of Charles Darwin
sequence of events in the natural selection of differently coloured rabbits
identifying true-or-false statements about natural selection
Evolution around us • examples of present-day evolution, including antibiotic-resistant superbugs and bird flu
10. Evolution
Explaining the evidence
sequence of events in the evolution of superbugs
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
completing sentences about evolution
ordering the sequence of events in natural selection
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
13
11. Human Impact on the Environment
11. Human Impact on the Environment 36 slides 10 interactive Flash activities Population pressures • how the size of the human population is changing • the impact of the rising human population on the environment
animated graph showing how the world’s population changed from 1750 to present,
and predictions to 2150
Air pollution • types of air pollution • the contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming • the causes of the rise in carbon dioxide levels • the causes and effects of acid rain and damage to the ozone layer
animation showing the greenhouse effect
animated graph showing the trend in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since 1960
identifying which processes release or absorb carbon dioxide
animation showing the causes and effects of acid rain
Water pollution • the causes and effect of eutrophication
animation showing eutrophication in a lake
arranging the sequence of events in eutrophication
Land pollution • how land can be polluted by solid waste and chemicals • methods for disposing of solid waste
animated graph showing how waste disposal methods vary between different countries
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
14
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
12. Sustainability 45 slides 7 interactive Flash activities The need for sustainability • why sustainability is important for both humans and the environment • about ecological footprints • how unsustainable development endangers many species
animated graph showing the ecological footprints of different countries
matching species to the reasons that they are endangered
• methods of protecting species, including captive breeding, sustainable forestry and fishing quotas • the impact of over-hunting on whale populations, and the ban on whaling
evaluating opinions on why species should be protected from extinction
Farming • the impact of farming on the environment in terms of land loss and the use of chemicals • how genetic engineering and organic farming practices might increase sustainability
identifying the advantages and disadvantages of organic farming
ordering statements about the importance of sustainability to organic and conventional
farming practices
12. Sustainability
Protecting species
Summary activities • glossary of keywords in the presentation
anagrams of keywords in the presentation
multiple-choice review of the presentation
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
15
Notes 16
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
Notes Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
17
Notes 18
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
What do you think? Customer feedback helps us to continue the development of our software to make it as useful and inspiring as possible. We really value your comments and would be very grateful if you could take the time to complete this form. It can be faxed to 08703 50 55 65, or photocopied and posted to Boardworks Ltd, The Gallery, 54 Marston Street, Oxford, OX4 1LF. Name
Role
School
Postcode
Telephone
Email
Which GCSE science subjects do you teach?
Chemistry
Biology
Physics
How many teachers in the school, including yourself, use Boardworks GCSE Science? Which exam board has your department chosen? What other software, if any, do you use/will you be using to teach the new specifications?
Interactive whiteboard
Whiteboard
PC
Data projector
Other
Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with these statements about Boardworks GCSE Science by circling the appropriate number. strongly disagree
strongly agree
It is easy to find the right content for my lessons.
1
2
3
4
5
The software comprehensively matches our specification.
1
2
3
4
5
There is a good range of useful interactive exercises.
1
2
3
4
5
The software helps me deliver the ‘How Science Works’ aspects of the specification.
1
2
3
4
5
The contents booklets and user guide help me use the software.
1
2
3
4
5
The software is well-received by my students.
1
2
3
4
5
The software enables me to get more use from my whiteboard/ projector.
1
2
3
4
5
Feedback
On what IT equipment do you primarily use the software?
Please write any further comments or suggestions about Boardworks GCSE Science in the box below.
Thank you for your feedback.
Boardworks GCSE Science Biology
19
Boardworks Ltd The Gallery 54 Marston Street | Oxford | OX4 1LF
[email protected] www.boardworks.co.uk t: 08703 50 55 60 f: 08703 50 55 65