Gas Storage Bergermeer Petroleum Geologische Kring

18 maart 2015

Nout den Boer Senior Geologist TAQA Energy B.V.

Dirk Nieuwland Geomechanics and Seismicity Advisor TAQA Energy B.V.

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Contents presentation     

TAQA at a glance Why a Gas Storage Boekelermeer & Bergermeer Sites Subsurface Drilling / Completion Challenges

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TAQA at a glance

• • • • •

Oil and Gas E&P – Pipelines – Power Generation – Water Desalination 2013 revenue : $ 7.0 Bn Assets 31 Dec 2013: $ 33.2 Bn Employees: 2800 Operating in North America, Europe, Middle East, North Africa and India

• • • • •

Founded 2005 Abu Dhabi Government 75 % / Public Shareholders 25 % Power generation capacity: 16,395 MW Water desalination capacity: 887 MIGD Oil & gas production: 142,400 boe/d (North America 63% - UK 32% - NL 6%) 5

Why a Gas Storage ?

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Waarom een UGS (Underground Gas Storage) ?

NE

SW Bergermeer Gas Field North Sea

Holland Vlieland

Vlieland Altena

Altena

Altena Germanic Trias

Germanic Trias

Bunter Gas filled

Zechstein Water (Source Rock)

Bunter

Zechstein Salt (Seal) Rotliegend Sandstone(Reservoir)

Carboniferous

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“Gas-roundabout Netherlands” gasberging Bergermeer

Gasunie leiding 92 km Beverwijk - Wijngaarden

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228 bar

Remaining Gas 1,0 15 bar

Bergermeer GIIP, UR, CG and WG Volumes (BCM)

Historic Production 15,8

15 bar

GIIP = 16.8 BCM 77 bar

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Gas demand in the Netherlands – Capacity BGM

• Average cold winterday : • Record 7-Feb-2012 :

500 MCM/d 545 MCM/d

Decline rate 57 – 27 MCM/d 62 days

Plateau rate 57 MCM/d 30 days

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Boekelermeer & Bergermeer Sites

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TAQA Bergen Concession

3 dune sites

4 polder sites

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Key figures Bergermeer construction

• Total costs : € 850 million • Of which drilling: € 183 million • 3300 man years work, 2650 in NL • Long term jobs: 50 in TAQA + 100 indirectly

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Gas Compressors

Gas Coolers

35 kV sub-station Gas Drying Equipment

Vent Stack

Condensate Handling

150 kV station

Control Room

Boekelermeer Gas Handling Plant

Injection and Production of Gas • Max 20 new wells (in cellars), injectors/producers • Work-over existing wells • Water Injection • Seismic Monitoring

Bergermeer Well Location

Pipeline crossing Alkmaar – Egmond road

Beeld van de boring van de gastransportleiding onder het Heilooerbos. 21

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Subsurface

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Cross section

SOUTHERN PERMIAN BASIN

Bergen / Middelie Area Present-day distribution and facies map of the Upper Rotliegend Group (late Middle to early Late Permian) in the Southern Permian Basin

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FACIES DISTRIBUTION ROTLIEGEND

Overall facies distribution at the onset of deposition of the Upper Slochteren Member

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Artist impression of Southern Permian Basin

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Modern Analogue of Transverse Dunes in Maroccan Desert

Dromedary for scale

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Rotliegend

Weissliegend

Rotliegend reservoir BGM: Weisliegend and Rotliegend

OGWC

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Drilling / Completion Challenges:

• • •

Depleted Reservoir (50-80 bar) Wellbore Stability (overburden and reservoir) Sand Control

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3D-View Existing Wells New Wells

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Predicted Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradient well BGM-01

Pressure (bara) 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 BGM-01 Stratigraphy Fracture Pressure 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Pore Pressure ROSL 70 bar Pore Pressure ROSL 30 bar

500

Base Upper North Sea

Top Holland Marl Top Vlieland Shale

Depth mTVSS

1000

Top Keuper

1500 Top Rogenstein

Top ZEUC Top Platten Dolomite 2.0 2000 Top ROSL

1.8

GWC Top Carboniferous 1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

2500

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RCD Allows Drill pipe to enter pressurized well

MPD Two Phase System Overview

Safe Silenced Vent

2 X MPD Chokes RIG PUMP’s

RCD

Mud Pits

2 X N2 PUMP N2 is pumped into the drilling annulus via a down hole choke. N2 expands in the drilling anulus displacing drilling mud by volume.

N2 TANKS

BHP is controlled automated MPD chokes recieving data from MWD and a downhole gauge.

DHG

N2 Inj Valve

N2 is removed from the drilling mud and vented. Drilling mud is metered and returned to the rig mud pits.

Coriolis Meter = Mud Rate & Density SHAKER TROUGH

DRILL CUTTINGS PROCESSING

Mud Pits

Baracarb reservoir

wellbore

OBM + Baracarb

Depleted reservoir

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Cretaceous

Tertiary Quarternary

Bergermeer Well Designs version 4

North Sea

Holland

20” Surface Casing (into top Vlieland Shale) Vlieland Shale

Slochteren Formation

Zechstein Z1 – Z3

Triassic Formations

7”x 9⅝” Tubing Aalburg & Sleen Keuper Muschelkalk

Muschelkalk Evaporite (salt?) Upper Röt Claystone Main Röt Evaporite (salt?) Sollingen Claystone Sollingen Sandstone Bunter Volpriehausen Lower Bunter Rogenstein Lower Bunter Main Claystone

13 ⅜” Production Casing (into top Lower Bunter Main Clay Stone)

Z3 Salt

Swell Packer Production Packer Uniflex Liner Hanger Denotes Cr13 steel

Z2 Salt

9 ⅝” Production Liner (into top Weissliegend) Weissliegendes 7” SAS in 8½” Slanted Hole Rotliegendes

7” SAS in 8½” Sub-horizontal Hole

Open Hole Completion-Sand Control Screen

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3

Formation

1

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BGM-19

BGM-10 ST2 Permeability Log

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51m blank pipe

53m

105m

Swellpacker #4 2932m or lower

Swellpacker #3 2985m or higher

Swellpacker #2 3090m or higher 132m

Swellpacker #1 3222m or higher

195m

Wellbore stability problems in Vlieland and Altena Shales

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Lost 2 holes Suspended well Acquired and interpreted geomechanical logs in next well BGM-11 Maximum inclination in Vlieland and Altena: 50 degrees

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Exchange down hole targets of BGM-10 and BGM-18

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Block 1A

Inferred fracture zone causing total losses

BGM-17 cross-cutting mid field fault

Block 1B Block 2

Block 1C

Plan

Actual

Drilling reservoir section

MPD

Single phase OBM

ECD reservoir section (pres 80 bar)

0.57

1.15

Non-horizontal wells

S-shaped

Slanted

Horizontal wells

Weissliegend

Land on 2200 TVNAP

Number of non-horizontal wells

10

11

Number of horizontal wells

5

4

Number of sidetracks

1 (water injector)

1+3

Deliverability horizontal wells

3.2 x 106 m3/d

> 5 x 106 m3/d

Deliverability non-horizontal wells

5 x 106 m3/d

> 5 x 106 m3/d

Drilling costs

182.6 million €

164.6 million €

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19th of June 2015: PGK excursion to Boekelermeer and Bergermeer

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Questions ???

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