Table A5.1  Nutrient energy yields Nutrient

kcal/g

kJ/g

Protein Fat Carbohydrate Su gar alcohols Ethyl alcohol Glycerol Medium chain triglyceride (MCT)

4 9 3.75 2.4 7 4.31 8.4

17 37 16 10 29 18 35

Table A5.2  Mineral content of compounds and solutions Solution/compound

Mineral content

1 g of sodium chloride 1 g of sodium bicarbonate 1 g of potassium bicarbonate 1 g of calcium chloride (hydrated) 1 g of calcium carbonate 1 g of calcium gluconate 1 L of normal saline

393 mg of Na

17 mmol of Na

273 mg of Na

12 mmol of Na

524 mg of K

13.4 mmol of K

273 mg of Ca

7 mmol of Ca

400 mg of Ca

10 mmol of Ca

93 mg of Ca

2.3 mmol of Ca

3450 mg of Na

150 mmol of Na

Manual of Dietetic Practice, Fifth Edition. Edited by Joan Gandy. © 2014 The British Dietetic Association. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion Website: www.manualofdieteticpractice.com

Table A5.3  Food portions containing approximately 10 g of carbohydrate (CHO) Food

Weight (g)

Description

Wholemeal bread White bread Potatoes – boiled Potatoes – mashed Potatoes – roast Sweet potatoes – boiled Rice – boiled, brown, white Pasta – boiled, e.g. spaghetti, macaroni Pulses, e.g. lentils Peas – frozen Parsnip – boiled Sweetcorn – boiled Thick soup, e.g. tinned vegetable Thin soup, e.g. minestrone Sausages Beefburger, economy Beefburger, 100% meat = no CHO Fish fingers Breakfast cereals, e.g. branflakes Breakfast cereals, e.g. wheat bisk type Muesli, no added sugar Porridge – made with water Biscuits – plain digestive Apple, pear Orange Banana Melon – galia, honeydew Pineapple, fresh Grapes Orange juice – no added sugar Apple juice – no added sugar Cranberry juice Milk – full fat, semi or skimmed Yogurt – low fat, fruit Yogurt – low fat, plain Ice cream – plain dairy, vanilla Lemonade Lucozade® Cola Beer – best bitter Lager – premium Wine – medium white Wine – red contains 0.2 g CHO/100 mL Crisps Peanuts – dry roasted

25 20 60 60 40 50 30 50 60 100 80 50 100 250 100 100 – 60 15 20 15 125 15 100 120 45 200 100 70 110 100 70 200 70 135 50 170 60 90 450 400 330 – 20 100

1 thin slice/large loaf 1 thin slice/small loaf 1 size of hen’s egg 1 scoop 1 very small 1 size of hen’s egg ¾ tablespoon 1 tablespoon 2 tablespoons 3 tablespoons 1 medium 2 tablespoons 1 small tin 1 standard mug 2 large sausages 1 economy burger – 2 fish fingers 2 tablespoons 1 bisk ¾ tablespoon Small average portion 1 digestive 1 medium 1 small ½ small banana 1 medium slice 1 large slice 15 large grapes ½ average glass ½ average glass 1 /3 average glass 1 average glass ½ small pot 1 small pot 1 small scoop 1 small glass 1 /3 average glass ½ average glass ¾ pint glass ¾ pint glass 2½ small wine glasses – ¾ small packet 1 large packet

Table A5.4  Food portions containing approximately 6 g or 2 g of protein Food

Portion size

Protein per portion (g)

Approximate energy per portion (kcal)

Milk

180 mL

6

Cheddar cheese Yoghurt Egg Meat/poultry lean cooked White fish Baked beans Peas Bread (1 large thin slice) Pasta (boiled) Rice (boiled) Most breakfast cereals Digestive biscuits Potatoes Crisps

25 g 125 g 50 g (one average hen’s egg) 25 g 35 g 120 g 100 g 25 g 50 g 100 g 25 g 15 g (one biscuit) 140 g 30 g

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

115 (full-fat) 85 (semi skimmed) 60 (skimmed) 100 125 70 40 30 100 70 50 50 140 90 70 100 160

Table A5.5  Food portions containing approximately 4 mmol of potassium Food

Portion size providing approximately 4 mmol potassium

Milk Yoghurt Cheddar cheese Egg Meat/fish White flour Wholemeal flour White bread Wholemeal bread Apple Orange with skin Grapes / Orange without skin Potato boiled Orange juice Tomato juice

100 mL 60 g 130 g 100 g (2 small eggs) 50 g 120 g 45 g 160 g 70 g 125 g 100 g 50 g 50 g 100 mL 60 mL

Table A5.6  No added salt and 40 mmol of sodium diets No added salt

40 mmol of sodium diet

This restricts sodium intake to