Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Heating and the ESEIEH Process Presenter:

Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Heating and the ESEIEH Process Presenter: Zach Linkewich VP Engineering and Operations Phase Thermal Recovery Inc. UPT...
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Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Heating and the ESEIEH Process Presenter: Zach Linkewich VP Engineering and Operations Phase Thermal Recovery Inc. UPTECH Banff 2014

Outline – – – – – – – – –

In situ RF heating considerations Antenna configuration Description of the Coupled Electromagnetic Reservoir Simulator (CEMRS) Overview of the Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating (ESEIEH™) process Mine Face test site and hardware Test results Key innovations necessary for an architectural solution Architectural elements Conclusions

Electromagnetic Heating • Reservoir electrical properties critical to antenna performance – – – –

Frequency and temperature dependent Permittivity (dielectric constant) εr Conductivity σ Harris developed techniques & tooling to measure reservoir samples Free space wavelength :  

pay zone εr = 12 σ = 0.011 S/m

c f

In situ wavelength :  

Approximate desiccation region

c f r

desiccated region εr = 4 σ = 0 S/m

11 meter Dipole

Processes and tools developed allow RF systems to be tailored to specific reservoirs

Antenna Configuration • • • •

Type: dipole RF feed: coaxial transmission line Isolators: structural, non-conductive material Current suppression: magnetic choke assembly Transmission Line Center Conductor

Coax Transmission Line

Feed Isolator Dipole Center Conductor Arm

Choke Assembly

Choke Isolator

Dipole Antenna

Dipole Outer Conductor Arm Example of in situ heating pattern Not to scale

Reservoir + EM Modeling EM Recovery Process Optimization

EM Heat Map

Reservoir Model

CEMRS Iterative Coupling

EM Model

Temperature

Temperature Validation

Time

Distance from Antenna Test: 1d

CEMRS

Test: 5d

Coupled EM/reservoir models predict performance

CEMRS

Test: 14d

CEMRS

ESEIEH™ (“easy”) Project Background Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating • $33M+ project developing key technologies for a reliable in-situ RF heating system • Key CAPEX savings: no steam plant • Key OPEX savings: reduced energy requirements

Solvent + RF Advantage Low Temperature Reduces GHG

Reduces Fuel Costs

Reduced CO2 Emission Penalties

Reduced OPEX

No Steam No Water Treatment Reduced CAPEX/ OPEX

No Steam Plant Reduced CAPEX

Project NPV Increases ESEIEH™ Status Phase 1: January 2012 – successful completion of 12.5m heating experiment at in situ site Phase 2: Q4 2014 – begin testing 100m horizontal RF heater and solvent injector

Harris’ Test Facility

North Steepbank Mine Site Layout Generators Mine face

VSAT

Mine Site Antenna Design Antenna heel section

Centralizer

Center isolator

Antenna tip section

• • • • • • •

12.2 m long Linear Dipole Toe & heel arms 6.78 MHz Cased design N2 purge Co-axial transmission line • Dielectric casing

Site Material Characterization Core Photos

Well Log 0.05

0.045

Antenna position

(S/m) Conductivity Cond (mho/m)

0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025

CEMRS model well log

0.02

09-113 log

0.015 0.01 0.005 0 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Depth from Antenna CL (m)

5

6

7

8

• Test site characterized by intervals of oil sand and IHS • > 10x variation in electrical conductivity, good test of RF in heterogeneous oil sand

Test & Model Results Comparison OB3: Tip

OB2: Center -6

-4 1.82 5.99

-2

11.99 20.00

0

2.00 day 6.00 day

2

12.00 day 20.00 day

4 6

Depth from Antenna CL (m)

-4

Depth from Antenna CL (m)

-6

Marker = test data Line = prediction

1.82 5.99

-2

11.99 20.00

0

2.00 day 6.00 day

2

12.00 day 20.00 day

4 6

0

50 100 Temperature (C)

150

0

50 Temperature (C)

• Excellent correlation with test data • Validation of permeability and thermal conductivity modeling – Pre-desiccation period: Days 2-20

100

Test & Model Results Comparison OB3: Tip

OB2: Center -6

-6

Marker = test data Line = prediction

-4 20.00 26.99

-2

32.99 42.99

0

20.00 day 27.00 day

2

33.00 day 43.00 day

4 6

Depth from Antenna CL (m)

Depth from Antenna CL (m)

-4

20.00 26.99

-2

32.99 42.99

0

20.00 day 27.00 day

2

33.00 day 43.00 day

4 6

0

50 100 Temperature (C)

150

0

50 100 Temperature (C)

150

• Good match during desiccation and cool-down periods – Days 20-43

Model validation through in situ test is key to technology success

Phase 2 - Antenna Liner and EMH Tool Slant Drilling Rig

ANTENNA LINER ANTENNA is the Liner

Slant Completions Rig EMH TOOL EMH TOOL

 EMH Tool Head  Common Mode Element  Subsurface Tx Line

Antenna Installation completed with Standard equipment

Phase II Dover Surface Facilities DFCS-House TX-House

Bitumen and Propane Separator

Flare Stack

Product Storage

Command Center

Solvent Storage

Transmission line EMH Well

NE

Producer Well

Objective is to demonstrate combined RF solvent recovery process and validate numerical models 14

Architecture Elements Monitor/Control

Plant Control Subsystem

EMH Remote Control and Monitor Dielectric Fluid Circulation System (DFCS)

Monitor and Control Equipment Rack

In-Situ Components Solvent Injection String

RF Power Supply (RFPS)

Surface Transmission Line

Inlet / Outlet Barrier

EMH Tool Head

SSTX Line

Antenna Isolator

Production String Power, HVAC Surface Solvent Injection and Recovery Subsystem Facilities

Sensors and Data

Wellhead Surface Oil Recovery

Antenna Liner (Select Material) Reservoir Formation

High Temperature Structural Isolator Leveraged 40+ years space & structural composite tools & processes to achieve component performance requirements – Design to be as strong as conventional liner – Validate interfaces

– Measure mechanical & electrical margin – Performance within 1% of analytical prediction

Isolator Concept

Prototype Design

Prototype Test Article

Field Handling for Key Elements Design to be rugged and reusable: – Rugged rig interface points – High power transmission line installed on rig – Horizontal in situ installation and test at in Alberta

Conclusions • • • • •

Developed tightly integrated RF heating and monitoring system Successfully deployed and tested in native (heterogeneous) oil sands at Suncor North Steepbank Mine Demonstrated RF heating at projected field power densities Collected extensive data set of RF heating in oil sands Achieved good correlation between CEMRS model and test data with minimal changes to initial settings

• RF heating architecture capable of reservoir heating, solvent injection, and oil production has been developed and presented – Interfaces with industry equipment; no special installation equipment – Proprietary composite designs retain liner structural and thermal integrity tested and performed within 1% of prediction – Facilitates well intervention and subsequent EOR processes – Key safety elements tested developed and proven effective

• Phase II ESEIEH™ pilot is presently under construction at Dover

Thank you

Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Heating and the ESEIEH Process

Harris Corporation, RF Energy Solutions

UPTECH Banff 2014