MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPENAS) REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Fulfilling Child Rights with Holistic and Integrated Early Childhood Development Nina Sardjunani Deputy Minister for Human Resource and Culture Ministry of National Development Planning Republic of Indonesia High Level Meeting on South-South Cooperation for Child Rights New Delhi, 23-25 October 2013
OUTLINE
BAPPENAS
1. Policy of Holistic-Integrative Early Childhood Development in Indonesia a) Background b) Current Status c) Type of Services d) National Objectives e) National Policy f)
National Strategy
g) Principles & Typology of Service h) Sustainable Policy
2. Way Forward Post 2015 2
Concept of Human Development and Holistic-Integrated ECD
BAPPENAS
National Long Term Development Plan
Mankind Human Development
• Civilized • Strong Identity • High Morals • Self-Respect • Healthy • Educated
Resource of Development
• Competitive • Resilient • Good personality • Stable Population Growth
Human Development includes human life cycle since in pregnancy until old aged. 3
BAPPENAS
BACKGROUND
1. Government’s commitment to ensure all aspect of child’s key essential needs to grow and develop in optimum ways are fulfilled completely 2. The early childhood development service provision is still fragmented 3. Challenge of achievement in school preparedness and health and nutrition status, and child protection still exist 4
BAPPENAS
Current Status of Fulfilling Child Rights
Current Status
2007
2010/2011/2012
Infant Mortality Rate1
34
32
Under Five Mortality Rate1
44
40
(2012)
Underweight Prevalence Rat 2
20%
18%
(2010)
Wasting Rate2
14%
13%
(2010)
Stunting Rate2
40%
36%
(2010)
Vitamin A Coverage2
71%
70% (2010)
Use of iron supplement1
29%
33% (2013)
Immunization Coverage1
83%
89%
1. Health and Nutrition (2012)
(2010)
Source: 1. Central Bureau of Statistic, Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (several years) 2. Ministry of Health, Basic Health Research (several years) 5
BAPPENAS
Current Status of Fulfilling Child Rights
Current Status
2007
2010/2011/2012
Gross Enrolment Rate of ECE
39%
63%
Repetition Rate in Early Grades
G1=0,3% G2= 4% G3= 1% (2008/2009)
G1=3,1% G2=0,6% G3=0,1% (2011/2012)
Drop Out Rate in Early Grades
G1=7,6% G2=4,2% G3= 3,6% (2008/2009)
G1=6,5% G2=3,7% G3=3% (2011/2012)
2. Education Attainment
Source: 1. Ministry of Education and Culture, Education Statistic Data Center, Education Statistics (several years) 6
BAPPENAS
Current Status of Fulfilling Child Rights
Current Status
2007
2010/2011/2012
53%
64% (2012)
3. Child Protection
Children U5 with Birth Certificate1
Related Laws : • Presidential Decree No. 60 of 2013 on Holistic Integrated ECD • Government Regulation No. 33 of 2012 on Exclusive Breast Feeding • Law No. 17 of 2007 on Food • Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health • Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System • Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection
Source: Central Bureau of Statistic, Socio Economic Survey 7
BAPPENAS
Current Status of Fulfilling Child Rights
Current Status
2007
2010/2011/2012
32%
42% (2012)
4. Child Rearing
Exclusive Breastfeeding1 BKB/Parental Education2
0,6% (2011)
Source: 1. Central Bureau of Statistic, Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (several years) 2. Central Bureau of Statistic, Socio Economic Survey
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BAPPENAS
Type of Services
TYPES OF SERVICE
TOTAL NUMBER
I. Ministry of Health 1) 1.Primary Health Care 2.Satellite Primary Health Care 3.Maternity Village Post 4.Hospitals
9,321 23,525 42,233 2,186
II. Ministry of Education and Culture 2) 1.Kindergarten 2.Playgroup 3.Day Care 4.Other ECE Service
71,351 64,409 3,103 23,885
III. Ministry of Social Affairs 3) 1.Day Care Center
176
IV. Ministry of Religious Affairs 2) 1.1. Faith-based Kindergarten
V. BKKBN (National Population and Family Planning Body) 1.1. BKB (Parental Education Program) VI. Ministry of Home Affairs 5) 1.Integrated Service Post (POSYANDU)
25,345 4)
80,568
275,942
Source: 1) Child’s Health Directorate-MoH, 2012; 2) Education Statistic in Brief-MoEC, 2011; 3) Child’s Welfare Directorate-MoSA, 2012; 4) Family of U5 Directorate-BKKBN, 2012; 5) DG of Village Community Empowerment-MoHA, 2012
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BAPPENAS
CHALLENGES
1. Low health and nutrition status of children under five 2. Quite high drop out and repetition rate suspected as a result of low school readiness 3. Coverage of ECD is not optimum 4. Low quality of services and low competence of manpower 5. Regional, and socio-economic disparities on health and nutrition status and ECE enrolment
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BAPPENAS
National Objectives of HI-ECD
GENERAL Provide holistic-integrative early childhood development service to ensure Indonesian children are healthy, smart, happy and demonstrate noble character SPECIFIC a. To fulfill key essential needs of a child survival, growth and development holistically b. To protect child from abuse and exploitation c. To ensure all early childhood development service is integrated and synchronized d. To strengthen commitment of all relevant stakeholders to provide HI-ECD at all level 11
BAPPENAS
NATIONAL POLICY Improving equal access to sustain HIECD services Improving quality of early childhood development services Improving cross-sectoral coordination and cooperation and partnership between government agencies, implementing agencies and related local, national and international organizations Strengthening institutions and legal basis and involving community and mass media in implementing early childhood development services 12
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NATIONAL STRATEGY
Improving the skills of prospective brides, parents, families and caregivers in taking care of child in an optimal way Conducting equitable and reachable early childhood development services Improving the quality of early childhood development services
Internalizing religious and cultural values
Empowering communities Enhancing commitment, coordination and cooperation among government agencies, implementing agencies and related organizations Strengthening and harmonizing the legal basis of providing holistic-integrated early childhood development services
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BAPPENAS
Principles of Holistic-Integrative ECD:
Holistic Services which include early care conducted at home, education for parents and family members and caregivers in child care, health and nutrition services, provision of quality sanitation, treatment and education of early childhood at education service centers, and legal protection from mistreatment, including exploitation and violence against children.
Sustainable Services. A well coordinated and integrated service system providing services in a sustainable way from fetus to the age of six years.
Community Participation. Community must be involved in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation phases of holistic-integrated early childhood development program so the sense of belonging to the program of the community will be stronger. 14
BAPPENAS
Principles of Holistic-Integrative ECD:
Constructive Cultural Basis. Early childhood service program should take positive local and global cultures into account pursuant to the needs for optimal growth and development of the child.
Non-discriminative Services. Services should be provided in a fair way for all early childhood both males and females to meet their needs, including orphans, children with special needs such as disable children and children in the conflict area, poor communities, rural and remote areas, islands and refuges.
Good Governance, including transparency, accountability, participation, efficiency and effectiveness of the use of available resources. Therefore, it is expected that all early childhood potencies can be explored and developed optimally.
Expansion of Service Distribution between community groups is undertaken by applying principles of accessibility, consideration, availability of sources, economic reachability and socio-cultural acceptance. 15
BAPPENAS
Endorsed Typology of Services
Endorsed Typology of Services: Integrated Services: Complete and holistic services, conducted in an integrated way by a number of Centers
One Stop Integrated Services: Complete and holistic services conducted by one or several providers in one location.
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SUSTAINABLE POLICY
BAPPENAS
HI-ECD President Decree
President
Ministry of National Development Planning/ BAPPENAS
HI-ECD Planning and Budgeting
MoHA Regulation
Ministry of Home Affairs
Ministry of Health
Province Authorities District Authorities
Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection
Provincial Regulation District Regulation
Coordinating Ministry of People’s Welfare Regulation
Ministry of Educatio n and Culture
Ministry of Religious Affairs
HI-ECD Ministerial Decree for Coordinating Implementation
BKKBN/ National Population and Family Planning Board
Ministry of Social Affairs
* HI-ECD Provincial Decree in number of provinces (East Java, Central Java, West Sulawesi, NTB)
* HI-ECD District Decree in number of districts (Sukabumi, Sikka, Kupang, etc.)
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BAPPENAS
Way Forward Post 2015
As there are several unfinished goals in MDG, post 2015 needs to continue its work to secure the well being, dignity and rights of those still on the margins today, as well as future generations.
Therefore, 12 illustrative goals and targets relevant to ECD are proposed in High Level Panel of Eminent Person Report on Post 2015 Development Agenda where President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Prime Minister of UK, and President of Liberia co-chaired need to be adopted: 1. Bring the number of people living on less than $1.25 a day to zero and reduce the share of people living below their country’s 2015 national poverty line 2. Prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against girls and women 3. End child marriage 18
BAPPENAS
Way Forward Post 2015
4.
Increase the proportion of children able to access and complete pre-primary education 5. End preventable infant and U5 deaths 6. Increase the proportion of children, adolescents at risk adults and older people that are fully vaccinated 7. Decrease maternal mortality ratio 8. End hunger and protect the right of everyone to have access to sufficient , safe affordable and nutritious food 9. Reduce stunting, wasting and anemia for all children U5 10. Provide universal access to safe drinking water at home and in schools health centers and refugee camps 11. Provide fee and universal legal identity such as birth registrations 12. Reduce violents and eliminate all forms of violence againts children 19
BAPPENAS
Way Forward Post 2015
The above 12 illustrative goals has been reflected in the report to the Secretary General in UN General Assembly presented in September 2012 in New York (A Life Dignity for All: Accelerating Progress the MDG and Advancing the UN Development Agenda Beyond 2015)
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BAPPENAS
THANK YOU
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