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For more info visit:
Fruits to Nuts Prairie Fruit Releases: Cherries, Haskap, Hazelnuts, etc. Alberta Farm Fresh Producers, Feb 2015
Dr. Bob Bors
U of Sk fruit website: www.fruit.usask.ca To search for research reports funded by Saskatchewan Agriculture: http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/ADF/search Haskap day, Plant Sale, Propagation Workshops and other events are posted at: http://www.fruit.usask.ca/extension.html Acknowledgement: The U of Sask Fruit program is mainly funded through grants from Saskatchewan Agriculture and royalties from the sale of our varieties.
Bob Bors Sabbatical • July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2016 • Write a Haskap manual Theme of 2016 issue will be fruit
• Visit many haskap farmers • Take soils & Leaf samples, Photos, Interview growers
Bob Bors is guest editor
• Obtain more grape germplasm at USDA Genebank • Attend 3 nursery symposiums • Give talks & workshops
What Fruits should you grow?
Easy Care
Hardy
Good Quality
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Plant Hardiness Zones of Canada 2000
Does it matter where a variety was developed?
June
July
Find out what you can grow & sell Spread out harvest Cash flow Better labour use Repeat customers Reduced risk
Potential for large scale:Good Quality & Mechanical Harvesting
Aug
Mid Late Early
Late
Fall bearing
Fall bearing
Raspberries
Raspberries
Haskap Saskatoons
Mid Haskap Raspberries
Sept & Oct
Sour cherries Black Currants
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Apples Sour Cherries Plums
Haskap
Saskatoons Seabuckthorn
Pears Raspberries Grapes
Black Currants
Chokecherries
Apples Sour Cherries Plums Pears Raspberries Grapes
Investigate: Where were they bred? Where do they grow well? Are they well tested? Do they need a special care to survive Plant a few, if they do well plant more
Strawberries
Might not survive winter if
Sandcherries
not insulated Weeds Most have low yield Bend over to pick
Many wild berries
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U of SK fruit program: ~50 acres Haskap occupies ~20 acres Each year: we replace 2 acres of older haskap with new seedlings
//////// Haskap
////////
Cherries
Haskap
Apples
Haskap
Apples
Haskap
Choke Cherries
Cherries
Grapes
Apples
Cherries
Apples
Haskap
Haskap
S’toons
Hazelnuts
Cherries
Haskap Haskap
= recently planted
0.8 km
Hazelnut Breeding
Hazelnut Project • Hybrids between wild Canada lines and Oregon lines • 20,000+ Seedlings sold to growers for 12 years • Most sold to Albertans
• 10,000 young seedlings planted at U of SK of 3rd generation lines • 2nd most planted seedlings at our research orchard
• Plan: propagate best from cooperators and let them be the first to test each others
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Traditional Sour Cherry harvesting
Photo by Bob Mason
Ease of harvesting five cherry selections in 2000 Fruit retention force /g
250
7-21-16.3
225
7-21-31.0
200
7-32-5.4
175
SK C.J.
150
Evans
125 100 75 50 25 27 Jul 31 Jul 4 Aug 8 Aug
Date
12 Aug
16 Aug
20 Aug
24 Aug
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6 years X 6 varieties X 6 harvest times X 6 tests X 4 reps = 5184 tests Funded only by royalties
Soluble solids of five cherry selections in 2000 Soluble solids (Brix)
24 21
18 7-21-16.3 7-21-31.0
15
7-32-5.4 SK CJ
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Evans
9 27 Jul
31 Jul
4 Aug
8 Aug
12 Aug 16 Aug 20 Aug 24 Aug
Date
Exisiting cards are based on 1 years data
+ Dependable + Darkest Cherry + Earliest to ripen + Good Flavour + Productive + Good Mech Harvest ‐ Slight winter damage ‐ Smallest fruit size ‐ lowest sugar content most years
+Hardy +Good flavour +Tart enough for pies +Good Size +Productive +1st to go dormant in fall +Good Mech Harvest ‐ 1st bloomer in spring ‐ (we didn’t lose any)
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+ Darkest Cherry + last to bloom + Good Flavour +Good Mech Harvest + Hardy ‐ Low Productivity ‐ Slow to come into bearing +/‐ Fruit so large ½ of fruit wouldn’t fit in pitting machine holes (specialized use?) ‐ Needs extra year to come into production?
+ Hardy +sweeter than previous evals + best colour for dried fruit +/‐ larger yield from larger bushes +/‐ average bloom time +/‐ only bright red ‐ Some damage from mech harvester (bushes too vigourous, will need more pruning)
+ Excellent flavour + Best firm cherry ‐ Major winter damage with ‐50 winter ‐ low vigour & slow to root:
+ Best flavour + No mech harvester damage + production a year earlier than other varieties + smaller bushes but good size for mech harvest +/‐ average bloom time +/‐ medium red ‐ Major winter damage with ‐50 winter (overproducer?)
‐ Smaller plants>Poor establishment ‐ Lower yields
‐ Bushes too small, making lower yields. Might be best for gardeners.
‘Row 9’ Haskap • Originally released as 9‐15, 9‐84, 9‐91, 9‐92,9‐94 • ‘Tundra’ was favourite for commercial growers • Firm fruit, large size, good flavour
• ‘Borealis’ was favourite for home gardeners • Best flavour, fruit hides, stays on tightly (can rip)
• Indigos were back ups in case easier to propagate
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New U of S variety for 2008
New U of S variety for 2008
‘Tundra’
‘Borealis’
• Largest Fruit • ‘Best’ flavour • Delicate fruit • Hard to pick • For home gardens
Indigo Gem, Treat, & Yum
• Indigo Gem: preferred in Saskatchewan • some growers say Tundra yields are catching up to Gem
• Indigo Treat: Preferred in Maritimes • Tundra: preferred in Ontario (highest yield) • Indigo Yum: too hard to propagate
Tundra and Indigo Gem are good pollinators for Aurora
Aurora berries are bigger and taste sweeter (lower acidity) Aurora bushes are taller, faster growing and more productive All bloom at the same time and are compatible
• • • •
2nd Largest Fruit 2nd ‘Best’ flavour Durable (rare trait) Commercial potential
Honey Bee Haskap • Pollinator for ‘Row 9’ varieties • Holds onto fruit • Fast growing • Bird alternative? • Good ‘mouthfeel’ for wine? • Long narrow fruit shape
Boreal Blizzard available 2016 • World’s Largest Haskap berries • Largest 3.9g • Average 2.8g • Ripens mid July • Tastes great • probably needs to be picked soon after ripe • (twice as heavy as ‘Happy Giant’)
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Boreal Beauty available 2017
Sorted super‐big grown in Japan
Boreal Blizzard
Late June to Early July
• World’s 2nd Largest Haskap berry • Largest 3.6g • Average 2.6g • Last to ripen: Early August • Tastes great • Holds on strongly • Has mechanical harvesting characteristics
Tundra Boreal Boreal Blizzard Beauty
Early to mid‐July
Early August
We know Tundra and Indigos will pollinate Boreal Blizzard but not optimum We will test if Boreal Blizzard and Boreal Beauty are compatible in 2015
Most High Sugar / Low Acid apples are:
10,000 seedlings planted V. riparia hybrids
Prairie Sensation x Honeycrisp
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Red Fleshed plums being tested
2 New Projects 2015‐2017 ½ Funded by Saskatchewan Agriculture ½ funded by Royalties
Polyploid Breeding: Haskap Goals
• Nutritional needs of Haskap for propagation and production – 100 soil and leaf tests per year – Nursery and tissue culture enhancements through better mineral nutrition – Document what happens with excess or deficiencies
• Polyploid Breeding of Prairie Fruits
• Introgress wild species • Faster growing • Grow one month longer in summer
• Taller Plants
– Haskap – Saskatoons – Seabuckthorn – Grapes
• Might result in larger fruit
Polyploid Breeding: Saskatoon Goals • Larger Berries • Later blooming • Open bush shape
Polyploid Breeding: Grapes Goals • Seedless fruit • But this crop has a long way to go for better hardiness
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Polyploid Breeding: Seabuckthorn Goals • Longshot since no research on this area for this crop • This crop has no close relatives • • • •
Sterile seeds? Larger fruit? Seedless Fruit? No Fruit?
“Breeding and selection haskap for nutritional and agronomic suitability” Haskap Research Project in 2012‐2014
• ½ Sask Ag ADF funded • ½ Royalty funded
Haskap at U of Sask each year since 2006 • Haskap day events • ~150 combinations of parents crossed • 5000 to 10000 seedlings produced • 3000 to 4000 seedling planted at U of Sask after greenhouse screening • Sometimes some at growers’ sites
• 1 to 2 acres of seedlings planted at very high density, • 1 to 2 acres of haskap discarded
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Advanced Selections 2013 Notes 22.6.33.0 22.08.31.5 22.10.18.75 22.11.30.2 22.11.34.4 20.03.21.5
14.16.9.25 14.16.10.25 22.04.78.5 22.08.18.66 22.10.29 Aurora
Early Bloomers Low Prod 2013 tall sturdy Kurile Prob not Productive Fruit holds on in Early Aug, prod in 2012 & 2013, flat bullet flat rectangle, no fruit left v lg bullet, no fruit left Elephant, nice but sister plant tastes much better, about 8 plants east Mid Bloomers great aroma smooth arow lg bullet boxy flat flat rectangle
Late Bloomers 22.02.56.0 this looked better than 56.5 22.02.56.5 hardly any production, birds? Next to 22.03.37.75***med‐lg size but v firm fruit late in season 22.04.12.0*** v large fruit 22.04.14.0 22.06.25.5 **** were both successful crossed to 25.5 22.08.16.5 Very Late Bloomers 14.17.2.6 lg tasty, kurile like, med low prod? 14.17.5.5 Bullet Heart, kurile type, breeding? 14.19.2.75 special flavour, v tall, big fruit, good 14.19.3.75 tangy tall, low prod 14.16.0.5 megawimp 14.19.43.5 tall, prod, firm late in season, med‐lg size, some hold on flowers? Wow!!
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TreasuRed Apple • Columnar Apple, compact • Home Gardener type • Propagated by DNA Gardens • Prairie Sun x Columnar MacIntosh
Haskap Gelato
Haskap as a food dye by Bob Bors
Haskap Berries have 4x more skin than other berries of similar size
Colour of Haskap Juice at various concentrations
5 % 10% 15% 20% 100%%
Note: Vials are 2cm deep
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5% haskap juice at different pH levels Haskap juice at on filter paper % different pH levels
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 Wet Dry Dry
Haskap puree in Yogurt 5, 10, 15 and 20% Haskap flavour was dominant at 20%
Mung Bean Noodles Boiled in 0, 5, 10, 15% Haskap Juice
20% Haskap Puree Added
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20% Haskap Juice Added
Combining Haskap with other beverages Haskap Flavour overwhelmed Tastes like haskap
1 cup Haskap Juice substituted for 1 cup water in white Cake Mix Red/pink : Add Lemon Juice Purple : Nothing else needed Green : Add baking soda
Grape Juice Apple Juice Soy Milk Rice Milk
New Flavour
• Pineapple Juice
• Orange Juice • Lemonade • Coconut Milk
Curdled pH adjusted turned gray
• Whole milk • 2% Milk
Frosting
• • • •
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Whipped Cream
Rice Boiled in 0, 5, 10, 15% Haskap Juice
Dream Whip
Soaking apples and pears in haskap slurry
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Haskap Cookbook Want to contribute?
[email protected] m
Editors Loretta Bors and Lily Sawatzky proudly view their cookbook on display at the award ceremony at the Louvre in Paris. Unfortunately, Cecilia Kachkowski was unable to attend.
Haskap Cookbook Want to contribute?
[email protected]
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