Fruits to Nuts Prairie Fruit Releases: Cherries, Haskap, Hazelnuts, etc

11/03/2015 For more info visit: Fruits to Nuts Prairie Fruit Releases: Cherries, Haskap, Hazelnuts,  etc. Alberta Farm Fresh Producers, Feb 2015 Dr...
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11/03/2015

For more info visit:

Fruits to Nuts Prairie Fruit Releases: Cherries, Haskap, Hazelnuts,  etc. Alberta Farm Fresh Producers, Feb 2015

Dr. Bob Bors

U of Sk fruit website:   www.fruit.usask.ca  To search for research reports funded by Saskatchewan  Agriculture: http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/ADF/search   Haskap day, Plant Sale, Propagation Workshops and other  events are posted at: http://www.fruit.usask.ca/extension.html  Acknowledgement:  The U of Sask Fruit program is mainly  funded through grants from Saskatchewan Agriculture and  royalties from the sale of our varieties.

Bob Bors Sabbatical • July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2016 • Write a Haskap manual Theme of 2016 issue will be fruit

• Visit many haskap farmers • Take soils & Leaf samples, Photos, Interview  growers

Bob Bors is guest editor

• Obtain more grape germplasm at USDA  Genebank • Attend 3 nursery symposiums • Give talks & workshops

What Fruits should you grow?

Easy Care

Hardy

Good Quality

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http://knockdrama.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/beanstalk_cover.jpg

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Plant Hardiness Zones of Canada 2000

Does it matter where a variety was developed?

June

July

 Find out what you can grow & sell  Spread out harvest  Cash flow  Better labour use  Repeat customers  Reduced risk

Potential for large scale:Good Quality & Mechanical Harvesting

Aug

Mid Late Early

Late

 Fall bearing

 Fall bearing

Raspberries

Raspberries

 Haskap  Saskatoons

Mid  Haskap  Raspberries

Sept & Oct

 Sour cherries  Black Currants

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 Apples  Sour Cherries  Plums

 Haskap

 Saskatoons  Seabuckthorn

 Pears  Raspberries  Grapes

 Black Currants

 Chokecherries

 Apples  Sour Cherries  Plums  Pears  Raspberries  Grapes

 Investigate:  Where were they bred?  Where do they grow well?  Are they well tested?  Do they need a special care to survive  Plant a few, if they do well plant more

 Strawberries

 Might not survive winter if

 Sandcherries

not insulated  Weeds  Most have low yield  Bend over to pick

 Many wild berries

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U of SK fruit program: ~50 acres Haskap occupies ~20 acres Each year: we replace 2 acres of older  haskap with new seedlings 

//////// Haskap 

////////

Cherries

Haskap 

Apples

Haskap 

Apples

Haskap 

Choke Cherries

Cherries

Grapes

Apples

Cherries

Apples

Haskap 

Haskap 

S’toons

Hazelnuts

Cherries

Haskap  Haskap 

= recently planted

0.8 km

Hazelnut Breeding

Hazelnut Project • Hybrids between wild Canada lines and Oregon  lines • 20,000+ Seedlings sold to growers for 12 years • Most sold to Albertans

• 10,000 young seedlings planted at U of SK of 3rd generation lines   • 2nd most planted seedlings at our research orchard

• Plan: propagate best from cooperators and let  them be the first to test each others

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Traditional Sour Cherry harvesting

Photo by Bob Mason

Ease of harvesting five cherry selections in 2000 Fruit retention force /g

250

7-21-16.3

225

7-21-31.0

200

7-32-5.4

175

SK C.J.

150

Evans

125 100 75 50 25 27 Jul 31 Jul 4 Aug 8 Aug

Date

12 Aug

16 Aug

20 Aug

24 Aug

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6 years X 6 varieties X 6 harvest times  X 6 tests X 4 reps =  5184 tests  Funded only by royalties 

Soluble solids of five cherry selections in 2000 Soluble solids (Brix)

24 21

18 7-21-16.3 7-21-31.0

15

7-32-5.4 SK CJ

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Evans

9 27 Jul

31 Jul

4 Aug

8 Aug

12 Aug 16 Aug 20 Aug 24 Aug

Date

Exisiting cards are based on 1 years data

+ Dependable + Darkest Cherry + Earliest to ripen + Good Flavour + Productive + Good Mech Harvest ‐ Slight winter damage ‐ Smallest fruit size ‐ lowest sugar content  most years

+Hardy +Good flavour +Tart enough for pies +Good Size +Productive +1st to go dormant in fall +Good Mech Harvest ‐ 1st bloomer in spring ‐ (we didn’t lose any)

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+ Darkest Cherry + last to bloom + Good Flavour +Good Mech Harvest + Hardy ‐ Low Productivity ‐ Slow to come into bearing +/‐ Fruit so large ½ of fruit  wouldn’t fit in pitting  machine holes (specialized  use?) ‐ Needs extra year to come  into production?

+ Hardy +sweeter than previous  evals + best colour for dried fruit +/‐ larger yield from larger  bushes +/‐ average bloom time +/‐ only bright red ‐ Some damage from mech harvester (bushes too  vigourous, will need more  pruning)

+ Excellent flavour + Best firm cherry ‐ Major winter damage  with ‐50 winter ‐ low vigour & slow to  root:

+ Best flavour + No mech harvester  damage + production a year earlier  than other varieties + smaller bushes but good  size for mech harvest +/‐ average bloom time +/‐ medium red ‐ Major winter damage  with ‐50 winter (overproducer?)

‐ Smaller plants>Poor  establishment ‐ Lower yields

‐ Bushes too small, making  lower yields. Might be  best for gardeners.

‘Row 9’ Haskap • Originally released as 9‐15, 9‐84, 9‐91, 9‐92,9‐94 • ‘Tundra’ was favourite for commercial growers • Firm fruit, large size, good flavour

• ‘Borealis’ was favourite for home gardeners • Best flavour, fruit hides, stays on tightly (can rip)

• Indigos were back ups in case easier to propagate

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New U of S variety  for 2008

New U of S variety  for 2008

‘Tundra’

‘Borealis’

• Largest Fruit • ‘Best’ flavour • Delicate fruit • Hard to pick • For home gardens

Indigo Gem, Treat, & Yum

• Indigo Gem: preferred in Saskatchewan • some growers say Tundra yields are catching up to Gem

• Indigo Treat: Preferred in Maritimes • Tundra: preferred in Ontario (highest yield) • Indigo Yum:  too hard to propagate

Tundra and Indigo Gem are good  pollinators for Aurora

Aurora berries are bigger and  taste sweeter (lower acidity) Aurora bushes are taller, faster growing and more productive All bloom at the same time and are compatible

• • • •

2nd Largest Fruit 2nd ‘Best’ flavour Durable (rare trait) Commercial  potential

Honey Bee Haskap • Pollinator for ‘Row  9’ varieties • Holds onto fruit • Fast growing • Bird alternative? • Good ‘mouthfeel’  for wine? • Long narrow fruit  shape

Boreal Blizzard available 2016 • World’s Largest Haskap  berries • Largest 3.9g  • Average 2.8g • Ripens mid July • Tastes great • probably needs to be  picked soon after ripe • (twice as heavy as  ‘Happy Giant’)

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Boreal Beauty available 2017

Sorted super‐big grown in Japan

Boreal Blizzard

Late June to Early July

• World’s 2nd Largest  Haskap berry • Largest 3.6g  • Average 2.6g • Last to ripen: Early  August • Tastes great • Holds on strongly • Has mechanical  harvesting  characteristics

Tundra Boreal         Boreal Blizzard       Beauty 

Early to mid‐July

Early August

We know Tundra and Indigos will pollinate Boreal Blizzard but not optimum We will test if Boreal Blizzard and Boreal Beauty are compatible in 2015

Most High Sugar /  Low Acid apples are:

10,000 seedlings planted V. riparia hybrids

Prairie Sensation x  Honeycrisp

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Red Fleshed plums  being tested

2 New Projects 2015‐2017 ½ Funded by Saskatchewan Agriculture ½ funded by Royalties

Polyploid Breeding:  Haskap Goals

• Nutritional needs of Haskap for propagation and production – 100 soil and leaf tests per year – Nursery and tissue culture enhancements through better mineral  nutrition – Document what happens with excess or deficiencies

• Polyploid Breeding of Prairie Fruits

• Introgress wild species  • Faster growing • Grow one month  longer in summer

• Taller Plants

– Haskap – Saskatoons – Seabuckthorn – Grapes

• Might result in larger  fruit 

Polyploid Breeding:  Saskatoon  Goals • Larger Berries • Later blooming • Open bush shape

Polyploid Breeding:  Grapes Goals • Seedless fruit • But this crop has a  long way to go for  better hardiness

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Polyploid Breeding:  Seabuckthorn  Goals • Longshot since no research  on this area for this crop • This crop has no close  relatives • • • •

Sterile seeds? Larger fruit? Seedless Fruit? No Fruit?

“Breeding and selection haskap for  nutritional and agronomic suitability”  Haskap Research Project in 2012‐2014

• ½ Sask Ag ADF funded  • ½ Royalty funded

Haskap at U of Sask each year since 2006 • Haskap day events • ~150 combinations of parents crossed • 5000 to 10000 seedlings produced • 3000 to 4000 seedling planted at U of Sask after  greenhouse screening • Sometimes some at growers’ sites

• 1 to 2 acres of seedlings planted at very high density, • 1 to 2 acres of haskap discarded

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Advanced Selections 2013 Notes 22.6.33.0 22.08.31.5 22.10.18.75 22.11.30.2 22.11.34.4 20.03.21.5

14.16.9.25 14.16.10.25 22.04.78.5 22.08.18.66 22.10.29 Aurora

Early Bloomers Low Prod 2013 tall sturdy Kurile Prob not Productive  Fruit holds on in Early Aug, prod in  2012 & 2013, flat bullet flat rectangle, no fruit left v lg bullet, no fruit left Elephant, nice but sister plant tastes  much better, about 8 plants east Mid Bloomers great aroma smooth arow lg bullet boxy flat flat rectangle

Late Bloomers 22.02.56.0 this looked better than 56.5 22.02.56.5 hardly any production, birds? Next to  22.03.37.75***med‐lg size but v firm fruit late in  season 22.04.12.0*** v large fruit 22.04.14.0 22.06.25.5 **** were both successful crossed to  25.5 22.08.16.5 Very Late Bloomers 14.17.2.6 lg tasty, kurile like, med low prod? 14.17.5.5 Bullet Heart, kurile type, breeding? 14.19.2.75 special flavour, v tall, big fruit, good  14.19.3.75 tangy tall, low prod 14.16.0.5 megawimp 14.19.43.5 tall, prod, firm late in season, med‐lg  size, some hold on flowers? Wow!!

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TreasuRed Apple • Columnar Apple, compact • Home Gardener type • Propagated by DNA Gardens • Prairie Sun x Columnar MacIntosh

Haskap Gelato

Haskap as a food dye  by Bob Bors

Haskap Berries have 4x more skin than  other berries of similar size

Colour of Haskap Juice at various  concentrations

5 %         10%         15%         20%       100%%

Note: Vials are 2cm deep

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5% haskap juice at different pH levels Haskap juice at on filter paper % different pH levels

3.5    4.0    4.5     5.0     5.5     6.0     6.5     7.0  Wet Dry Dry

Haskap puree in Yogurt  5, 10, 15 and 20% Haskap flavour was  dominant at 20%

Mung Bean  Noodles Boiled in  0, 5, 10, 15% Haskap Juice

20% Haskap Puree  Added

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20% Haskap Juice Added

Combining Haskap with other  beverages Haskap Flavour  overwhelmed Tastes like haskap

1 cup Haskap Juice  substituted for 1  cup water in white  Cake Mix Red/pink : Add Lemon  Juice Purple : Nothing else  needed Green : Add baking soda

Grape Juice Apple Juice Soy Milk Rice Milk

New Flavour

• Pineapple  Juice

• Orange Juice • Lemonade • Coconut Milk

Curdled pH adjusted turned gray

• Whole milk • 2% Milk

Frosting

• • • •

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Whipped Cream

Rice Boiled in  0, 5, 10, 15% Haskap Juice

Dream Whip

Soaking apples and pears in  haskap slurry

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Haskap Cookbook  Want to contribute?

[email protected] m

Editors Loretta Bors and Lily Sawatzky proudly view their cookbook on display at the award ceremony at the Louvre in Paris. Unfortunately, Cecilia Kachkowski was unable to attend.

Haskap  Cookbook  Want to contribute? [email protected]

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