Frank M. Richter Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago Place of birth: Dominican Republic (naturalized U.S. citizen 1974) Education Prof. Eng. M.S. Ph.D.

1965 1971 1972

Colorado School of Mines University of Chicago University of Chicago

Professional Experience 19941985-1994 19811978-1981 1975-1978 1972-1974

Sewell Avery Distinguished Service Professor Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago Chairman, Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago Professor, Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago Associate Professor, Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago Assistant Professor, Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago Research Associate, Department of Earth and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Honors 2001 1999 1995 1993 1983 1981 1979 1978 1974

Member, National Academy of Sciences George Woollard Award of the Geological Society of America Norman L. Bowen Award of the American Geophysical Union Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow, American Geophysical Union Royal Society Research Fellow Green Scholar, Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, La Jolla, CA. Fairchild Distinguished Scholar, California Institute of Technology John Simon Guggenheim Fellow

Research Topics A common feature of my research has been the effort to combine theory and experiments to develop quantitative geophysical and geochemical models that are rich enough to shed some light on actual geological phenomena yet simple enough that causal relationships can be understood in generalizable terms. Geophysical topics that I have worked on include mantle convection, the driving mechanism of plate tectonics, and the thermal evolution of the Earth. Those with a more geochemical flavor 40 include melt segregation, sedimentary pore-water chemistry, Ar/39Ar thermochronometry, and chemical diffusion in molten silicates systems. My most recent research focuses on kinetic stable isotope fractionations as “fingerprints” of mass transport process. Laboratory experiments are used to demonstrate isotope fractionations during chemical diffusion between natural melts. High-temperature vacuum experiments in which silicon and magnesium are evaporated from molten silicates are being used to calibrate the relationship between mass loss and the resulting isotopic fractionation of the residue. The rates and isotopic “fingerprint” of evaporation are then used to determine the thermal history of particular types of isotopically fractionated meteorite inclusions that were processed during the earliest stages of evolution of our solar system.

Recent Publications Richter F.M., Mendybaev R.A., and Davis A.M. (2005) Conditions in the protoplanetary disk as seen by the Type B CAIs, Meteor. Planet. Sci. , in press. Richter F.M., Mendybaev R.A., Christensen J., Hutcheon I.D., Williams R.W., Sturchio N.C., and Beloso, A.D. (2005) Kinetic isotope fractionation during diffusion of ionic species in water. . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, in press. Davis A.M., C. M. O’D Alexander, Nagahara H., and Richter F.M. (2005) Evaporation and condensation during CAI and chondrule formation. . In Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk (Eds. A.N. Krot, E.R.D. Scott, and B. Raipurth), ASP Conference Series, 341, 432-456. Richter F.M. (2004) Timescales determining the degree of kinetic isotope fractionation by evaporation and condensation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 4971-4992. Dauphas N., Janney P.E., Mendybaev R.A., Wadhwa M., Richter F.M., Davis A.M., van Zuilen A., Hines R., and Foley C.N. (2004) Chromatographic separation and multicollection-ICPMS anaysis of iron. Invstigating mass-dependent and –independent isotope effects. Anal. Chem. 76, 5855-5863

Richter F.M., Davis A.M., DePaolo D.J. and Watson E.B. (2003) Isotope fractionation by chemical diffusion between molten basalt and rhyolite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 3905-3923. Davis A.M. and Richter F.M. (2003) Condensation and evaporation of solar system materials, pp 407-430. In Meteorites, Comets, and Planets (ed. A.M. Davis) Vol. 1 Treatise on Geochemistry, 1 (eds., H.D. Holland and K.K. Turekian), ElsevierPergamon, Oxford. Richter F.M., Davis A.M., Ebel D.S. and Hashimoto A. (2002) Elemental and isotopic fractionation of Type B CAIs: experiments, theoretical considerations, and constraints on their thermal history. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 521-540. Grossman L., Ebel D.S., Simon S.B., Davis A.M., Richter, F.M. and Parsad N.M. (2000) Major element chemical and isotopic composition of refractory inclusions in C3 chondrites: The separate roles of condensation and evaporation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64,2879-2894. Waversik W.R. et al. (2000) Terrestrial sequestration of CO2: An assessment of research needs. Advances Geophys, 43, 97-177. Richter F.M, Liang Y. and Davis A.M. (1999) Isotope fractionation by diffusion in molten oxides, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63,2853-2861. Richter F.M., Liang Y. and Minarik, W.G. (1998) Multicomponent diffusion and convection in moltem MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62, 1985-1991. Liang Y., Richter F.M. and Chamberlin L. (1997) Diffusion in slicate melts: III. Empirical models for multicomponent diffusion, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 52955312. Liang Y., Richter F.M. and Watson E.B. (1996) Diffusion in silicate melts: II. Multicomponent chemical diffusion in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 1500 ˚C and 1 GPa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 5021-5035 . Liang Y., Richter F.M., Davis A., and Watson E.B. (1996) Diffusion in silicate melts: I. Self diffusion in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 1500 ˚C and 10 kbar, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 4353-4367. Richter F.M. (1996) Models for the coupled Sr and sulfate budget in deep-sea carbonates, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 141, 199-211. Shrag D., DePaolo D. and Richter, F.M. (1995) Reconstructing past sea surface temperatures: Correcting for diagenesis of bulk marine carbonates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 2265-2278.

Liang Y., Richter F.M. and Watson E.B. (1994) Convection in multicomponent silicate melts driven by coupled diffsion, Nature 369, 390-392. Ingram B.L., Coccioni R., Montanari A. and Richter F.M. (1994) Strontium isotopic composition of Mid-Cretaceous seawater, Science 264, 546-550 Richter F.M. (1993) A method for determining activity-composition relations using chemical diffusion in silicate melts, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 1-14. Richter F.M. (1993) Fluid flow in deep-sea carbonates: Estimates based on porewater Sr, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 133-141. Richter F.M. and Liang Y. (1993) The rate and consequences of Sr diagenesis in deep-sea carbonates, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 553-565. Richter F.M. and Turekian K.K. (1993) Simple models for the geochemical response of the ocean to climatic and tectonic forcing, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 121-131. Schrag D.P., Depaolo D.J. and Richter F.M. (1992) Oxygen isotope exchange in a two-layer model of the oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111, 305-317. Richter, F.M., Rowley, D.B and DePaolo, D. (1992) Sr evolution of sea water: The role of tectonics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 109, 11-23. Richter, F.M., Lovera, O., Harrison, T.M. and Copeland, P. (1991) Tibetan tectonics from 40Ar/39Ar analysis of a single K-feldspar sample. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 105, 266-278. Lovera, O., Richter, F.M. and Harrison, T.M. (1991) Diffusion domains determined by 39Ar released during step heating. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 2057-2069. Riley, R., Kohlstedt, D.L. and Richter, F.M. (1990) Melt migration in a silicate liquidolivine system: An experimental test of compaction theory. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 2101-2104. Lovera, O., Richter, F.M. and Harrison, T.M. (1989) 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometry for slowly cooled samples having a distribution of diffusion domain sizes. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 17,917-17,935. Holness, M. and Richter, F.M. (1989) Possible effects of spreading rate on MORB isotopic and rare earth composition arising from melting of a heterogeneous source. J. Geology 97, 247-260. Richter, F.M. and Daly, S.F. (1989) Dynamical and chemical effects of melting a heterogeneous source. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 12,499-12,510. Richter, F.M. and DePaolo, D. (1988) Diagenesis and Sr isotopic evolution of seawater using data from DSDP 590B and 575. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 382-394. Daines, M. and Richter, F.M. (1988) An experimental method for directly determining the interconnectivity in a partially molten system. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 1459-1462.

Richter, F.M. (1988) A major change in the thermal state of the Earth at the ArcheanProterozoic boundary: Consequences for the nature and preservation of continental lithosphere. J. Petrol. Special Lithosphere Issue, 39-52. Richter, F.M. and DePaolo, D.J. (1987) Numerical models for diagenesis and the Neogene Sr isotopic evolution of seawater from DSDP Site 590B. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 83, 27-38. Richter, F.M. (1986) Simple model for trace element fractionation during melt segregation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 77, 333-344. Richter, F.M. (1986) Kelvin and the age of the Earth. J. Geol. 94, 395-401. Barcilon, V. and Richter, F.M. (1986) Nonlinear waves in compacting media. J. Fluid. Mech. 164, 429-448. Richter, F.M. (1986) Nonlinear behavior. In Metatheory in Social Science (D.W. Fiske and R.A. Shweder, eds.), pp. 284-292. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Richter, F.M. (1985) Models for the Archean thermal regime. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 350-360. Richter, F.M. and McKenzie, D. (1984) Dynamical models for melt segregation from a deformable matrix. J. Geology 92, 729-740. Richter, F.M. (1984) Time and space scales of mantle convection. In Patterns of Change in Earth Evolution (H.D. Holland and A.F. Trendale, eds.), pp. 271-289. SpringerVerlag, Berlin. Richter, F.M. (1984) Regionalized models for the thermal evolution of the earth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 68, 471-484. Richter, F.M., Nataf, H.C. and Daly, S.F. (1983) Heat transfer and horizontally averaged temperature of convection with large viscosity variations. J. Fluid Mech. 129, 183. Nataf, H.C. and Richter, F.M. (1982) Convection experiments in fluids with highly temperature dependent viscosity and the thermal evolution of the planets. Proc. NATO Adv. Study Inst. Richter, F.M., Daly, S.F. and Nataf, H.C. (1982) A parameterized model for the evolution of isotopic heterogeneities in a convecting system. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 60, 178-194. Richter, F.M. and McKenzie, D. (1981) On some consequences and possible causes of layered mantle convection. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6133-6142. McKenzie, D. and Richter, F.M. (1981) Parameterized thermal convection in a layered region and the thermal history of the earth. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 11,667-11,680. Richter, F.M. and McKenzie, D. (1981) Parameterizations for the horizontally-averaged temperature of infinite Prandt 1 number convection. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 17381744. Parsons, B. and Richter, F.M. (1981) Mantle convection and the oceanic lithosphere. The Sea VIII. Parsons, B. and Richter, F.M. (1980) A relation between the driving force and geoid anomaly associated with mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 51, 445-450.

Richter, F.M. (1979) Focal mechanisms and seismic energy release of deep and intermediate earthquakes in the Tonga-Kermadec region and their bearing on the depth extent of mantle flow. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6783-6795. Johnson, C.E. and Richter, F.M. (1979) Stereoviews of seismicity associated with subduction zones. J. Geol. 87, 467-474. Jeanloz, R. and Richter, F.M. (1979) Convection, composition and the thermal state of the lower mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 5497-5504. Richter, F.M. and Ribe, N.M. (1979) On the importance of advection in determining the local isotopic composition of the mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 212-222. Richter, F.M. and McKenzie, D. (1978) Simple plate models of mantle convection. J. Geophys. 44, 441-471. Richter, F.M. (1978) Mantle convection models. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 6, 9-19. Richter, F.M. (1978) Experiments on the stability of convection rolls in fluids whose viscosity depends on temperature. J. Fluid. Mech. 89, 553-560. Mendiguren, J. and Richter, F.M. (1978) On the origin of compressional intraplate stresses in South America. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 16. Richter, F.M. and Daly, S.F. (1978) Convection models having a multiplicity of large horizontal scales. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4951-4956. Richter, F.M. (1977) On the driving mechanism of plate tectonics. Tectonophysics 38, 61-88. Richter, F.M. and McKenzie, D. (1976) Convection currents in the earth’s mantle. Scientific American 235, 72-89. Richter, F.M. and Parsons, B. (1975) On the interaction of two scales of convection in the mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2529-2541. Richter, F.M. and Johnson, C.E. (1974) Stability of a chemically layered mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1635-1639. Richter, F.M. (1973) Convection and the large-scale circulation of the mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 78, 8735-8745. Richter, F.M. (1973) Finite amplitude convection through a phase boundary. Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc. 35, 265-276. Richter, F.M. (1973) Dynamical models for sea-floor spreading. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 11, 223-287.