Food as Medicine: Herbal Medicine and Whole Foods to Incorporate into your Practice 1

Lynn Lafferty, Pharm.D., N.D., MBA, CNC Dr. Lafferty

“We Cannot Solve Our Problems with the Same Thinking We Used when We Created Them” Albert Einstein

EVERYTHING IN THE BODY IS ABOUT BALANCE

What is Functional Clinical Nutrition ? • Clinical Nutrition is an approach informed by science to create balance and wellness based on what the body needs to thrive. • Based on: -Physiology -Biochemistry -Genomics Part of Integrative Medicine • Based on structure-function to bring integrity back to tissue or system • It recognizes that optimizing mind and body states are integral to health.

Difference in  Allopathic- make disease diagnosis to label

symptom group and use pharmaceuticals to “treat” disease 

“Evidence Based Medicine”

 Functional Medicine: Uses Biochemistry,

Physiology, Genomics 

Uses “Science Based”

 Natural/Traditional- use herbs, plants and animal

natural products to support the body to cure disease itself Believes only body can heal itself  Symptoms are imbalances 

Allopathic, Orthomolecular and Naturopathic Medicine Differences

 Drugs: Chemical versions of isolated products from

the human body or plants  Orthomolecular: Chemical extractions of nutrients  Herbal Medicine: Use of natural products from plants, foods and animals to bring about balance

Osteopathic complements both 8

 Body heals itself  Remove interference to allow body to heal  Structural  Chemical  Environmental

 Osteopathic allows tissues and blood to flow properly  Herbal, environmental, and naturopathic medicine

ensures tissues and blood has chemistry it needs

Dr. Lafferty

Functional AND Allopathic  Allopathic needed for immediate treatment  BP=200/100 I don’t care why—I just do not want a stroke

 Functional Approach gets to the why  Does everyone have high blood pressure from the same cause? Stress  Cardiac  Electrolyte imbalance  Glandular imbalance 

Herbal Medicine

HERBS

Plants are Multi-faceted  Drugs: pure chemical derived from plants  Whole Foods and Herbs: chemical in a complex

chemical matrix  



Chemical complexity advantage More difficult to research because too many complexities IS THE SUM greater than an INDIVIDUAL PART Many studies find better bioavailability  Better medicinal action with the parts together than separate 

Healing Spices

Difference between Herb and Spice  “Herbs” from leaves of herbaceous (non-woody)

plants  Spices are obtained from roots, flowers, fruits, seeds or bark. (w00dy or non-woody)  Plants may provide both: 

Cilantro and coriander

 Both are used in herbal medicine

Herbal medicine (or "herbalism")  Herbology is the study and use of medicinal properties of

plants. 



Scope of herbal medicine is sometimes extended to include fungal and bee products, as well as minerals, shells and certain animal parts. Pharmacognosy is the study of all medicines that are derived from natural sources.

 Phytochemistry: The chemical nature and classification of

archetypal plant constituents.  Plants have Primary and Secondary Metabolites 



Primary metabolites sustain the life of the plant: Chlorophyll, proteins, CHO’s and Lipids Secondary metabolites: Protect the life of the plant 

This is where they find new pharmaceuticals

Secondary Components  Chemical mechanisms for protection  Alkaloids against pathogens and herbivores

 Glucosinaolates protect agianst insects  Tannins protect trees from insects and microbial

disinegration  Phytoalexins toxic against fungus  Flavonoids are inducers of good bacteria

Studies show whole plant better  Keung, w. et.al. Potentiation of the bioavailability of

Diazin by an extract of Radix puerariae, Proceedings from the National Academy of Science, 1996:93:4284-4288  Vinson, et.al., Comparative bioavailability to humans of ascorbic acid alone or in citrus extract, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1988: 48:601-604  Butterweck.et.al., Solubilized hypercin and pseudohypericin from Hypericumperfoatum exert antidepressant activity in forced swimming test. Planta Medica, 1998:64: 291-294

Synergistic Components  Lemongrass  Geranial and neral indivually show antimicrobial activity and myrcene did not. BUT when the three are together the myrcene inhanced the other two  Same with sennoside A and sennoside C from senna—both have laxative effect but when they are in 7:3 ratio like they occur naturally they have enhanced effect.

Theories for Healing with Food  Antioxidants  Glutathione  Polyphenols /bioflavonoids  Vitamins  Enzymes/Proteins

 Fatty Acids  Sugars  glyconutrients

Whole Food Nutrition 20

 Szent-Györgyi's wins Nobel Prize for isolating

Ascorbic Acid(isolated vitamin) from paprika.  Whole Food contains the whole plant  



Absorption Detoxification Elimination

 Isolated does not appear isolated anywhere in nature

Liver Detoxification

BIOTRANSFORMATION TOXIN Drugs Pesticides Food additives Hormones Histamine

Dr. Lafferty

PHASE I

PHASE II

*500-1,000 enzymes * Sulfation CYP450 *Glucuronidation * Acetylation * Oxidation * Glutathione/aa * Reduction conjugation * Hydrolysyis 21 * Methylation

Genomics and Genetic Variations Gene ACE ADH1B ADH1B ADH1C ADRB2 ADRB2 AGT ALDH2 APOC3 CBS CETP CNTF COL1A1 CRP CRP

Dr. Lafferty

Genotype/Nutrition Gene Salt Sensitivity Fast EtOH to Aldehyde Fast EtOH to Aldehyde Slow EtOH to Aldehyde High fat burning Low fat burning Salt Sensitivity Aldehyde buildup High LDL, triglycerides High Folate/B2/B6/B12 High HDL High muscle strength High Ca2+/Vit. D Omega-3 Omega-3

CRP CYP1A1 CYP1A2 CYP1A2 CYP1A2 EPHX1 GSTM1 GSTP1 GSTP1 GSTT1 IL6 IL6 LIPC LIPC LPL

Genotype/Nutrition Gene Omega-3 Reduce Grilled Protein Reduce Grilled Protein Reduce Grilled Protein Reduce Grilled Protein Reduce Grilled Protein Cruciferous/Alliums Cruciferous/Alliums Cruciferous/Alliums Cruciferous/Alliums Reduce Inflammation Reduce Inflammation Sat. Fat low HDL High triglycerides Sat. Fat low HDL

22

MTHFR MTHFR MTR MTRR NOS3 PON1 PON1 PPARG PPARGC1A SOD2 SOD3 TNF VDR VDR VDR

Genotype/Nutrition High Folate/B2/B6/B12 High Folate/B2/B6/B12 Folate/B6/B12 B12 Omega-3 Antioxidant/Omega3/9 Antioxidant/Omega3/9 Low Glycemic Carbs Low Glycemic Carbs Antioxidant/Omega3/9 Antioxidant/Omega3/9 Antioxidant/Omega3/9 Vit. D/High Ca2+ Vit. D/High Ca2+ Vit. D/High Ca2+

MTHFR 23

 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (commonly

abbreviated as MTHFR  Mutation in the gene responsible for making this enzyme may impair the ability to make the necessary elements for DNA  B12 can also be impeded

Dr. Lafferty

Dr. Lafferty

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Children with Autism 25

 (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) decreased Indicator of methylation in the autistic children was significantly decreased  Plasma levels of cysteine, glutathione, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, an indication of antioxidant capacity and redox homeostasis, were significantly decreased  SNP’s higher MTHFR 

 Greater oxidative stress 

Dr. Lafferty

What type of support we might give on a nutritional level

Cellular Medicine  Believes everything begins in the cell and should be

treated there

What does the cell membrane need?

What Makes up the Cell Membrane  Myelin, which insulates nerve fibers, contains only

18% protein and 76% lipid. A electron micrograph of myelin is to the right. Mitochondrial inner membrane contain 76% protein and only 24% lipid. Plasma membranes of human red blood cells and mouse liver contain nearly equal amounts of proteins (44, 49% respectively) and lipids (43, 52% respectively).

Myelin

SIMPLIFIED ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID FLOWCHART

Steps in PG Production from Fats in Diet

1

3 ALA

LA

Alpha-Linoleic acid

Linoleic acid -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Delta – 6 – Desaturase - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

NEED B-6, MAGNESIUM AND ZINC

GLA

LLA Linolenic acid

Gamma-Linoleic acid

2 DGLA Dihomo Gamma Linoleic acid

Delta – 5 – Desaturase

SA Delta – 5 – Desaturase

AA

stearidonic acid EPA

Arachidonic acid

Eicosapertaenoic acid

CYCLOOXYGENASE/LIPOXYGENASE PG 1

PG 2

LT

TX

PG 3

PROSTAGLANDIN-E1  Increases Killer Cells  Decreases Blood Pressure

 Decreases Platelets

PROSTAGLANDIN-E2  Increases Blood Pressure  Increase Clots and Platelets

 Inhibits Natural Killer Cells  Cancer  Auto-immune  Inflammatory

PROSTAGLANDIN-E3/Omega 3  Anti-inflammatory  Memory

 Weight Loss  Decrease Triglycerides  Increase HDL

 Reduce Arthritis  Osteoporosis  Anti-Depressant

Inflammation Nation 34

A silent attack on the modern human race

What is Chronic Low Grade 35 Inflammation?  Two types of Inflammation  Acute, Painful  Insidious, Painless “Silent”

“Chronic Inflammation attacks tissues on a cellular level”

What does

CLG Inflammation look like? 36

 Heart Disease, High CHO, BP, Strokes  Mood Disorders, Depression, Anxiety  Brain Degeneration, Alzheimer’s, Senility

 Obesity, Diabetes, Cancer  Joint Pain, Swelling, Arthritis  Atopic Disorders, Allergies, Asthma, Eczema and

Acne  Poor Recovery, Healing, and Immune Response

Stages of Nutrient Deficient Diseases 37

Initial Biochemical Alterations

Impaired Cellular Function

Morphologic and

Diagnosed Pathology

Functional Changes

No Overt Symptoms Dr. Lafferty

Subclinical Manifestations

Early Stage Disease

End Organ Failure and DEATH

What causes Silent Inflammation? 38

Fatty Acid IMBALANCE Omega-6 : Omega-3

Forms of Fatty Acids 39

Dr. Lafferty

40

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• “Reduced maternal DHA status after the second trimester is associated with a high demand from the developing fetus for the rapid formation of its brain. Empirical studies of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissues, data from epidemiologic surveys, and results of therapeutic trials of polyunsaturated fatty acids suggest that a deficit in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids might cause major depressive disorder. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is thought to have protective effects for pregnancy outcome in high-risk pregnancy. Because of its safety and psychotherapeutic effects, as well as its promotion of health for mothers and their infants, treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is a promising approach for pregnant patients with major depressive disorder.” 41 Jerry Cott

Dr. Lafferty

Dr. Lafferty

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TBI 43

 Story of Grant Virgin 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlsK9OSBqh4

 The secondary injury phase of TBI is a prolonged pathogenic process

characterized by neuroinflammation, excitatory amino acids, free radicals, and ion imbalance. There are no approved therapies to directly address these underlying processes.  Clinical experience suggests that benefits may be possible from

substantially and aggressively adding n-3 Fatty Acids to optimize the nutritional foundation of severe TBI patients. 

Lewis M, Ghassemi P, Hibbeln J. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Jan;31(1):273

Dr. Lafferty

What causes Silent Inflammation? 44

• Ideal Balance Omega-6:Omega-3 =

1:1 • Modern Diet style is 10:1 to 20 : 1 • Major increase in Omega-6 intake •

Corn and soy

• Major decrease in Omega-3 intake

Good Fats  World's Healthiest Foods rich in

omega-3 fats          

Flax Seeds Walnuts Salmon Sardines Soybeans Halibut Scallops Shrimp Tofu Tuna 



75132.9%* Need B-6 16494.5% 24561.2% 18955.8% 29842.9% 15925.8% 12717% 11215.4% 8615% 15813.7%

FoodCals% Daily Value

http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=84 45

http://www.omega-research.com/ 46

Dr. Lafferty

Supplements 47

 Fish oils EPA/DHA  High EPA  Decreases LDL  Increase HDL  Pain

 High DHA  Cognitive Functioning

 Flax Seed Oil  Needs B-6  GLA  

Anti-inflammatory Women Hormonal Issues

Dr. Lafferty

19 y.o. with History of RA  Rheumatoid arthritis (roo-muh-toid ahr-thrahy-

tis) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body mistakenly attacks healthy joints, causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Over time, RA can worsen, making even simple everyday tasks difficult.  Chief Complaints     

Arthtritis Pain, esp. Neck/shoulders Swollen knees and ankles Hormone Problems Acne Stomach Problems

Patient Cases 49

 Bone that will not heal  Patient on PPI’s for 8 years

 Patient who lost his gallbladder  Patient who gets leg cramps from Statin  Patient who has antibiotic resistance  Patient who is ill but an antibiotic is not a treatment

choice  Patients with autoimmune diseases………..

Many Studies since 1978 implicating bacteria    

  

Olhagen B. Clostridium perfringens in arthritis and allied conditions. In: Dumonde D C, ed. Infection andimmunology in rheumatic diseases, 1976:141-5. Gullberg R. Possible role of alterations of the intestinal flora in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil 1978; suppl:5-8. Bennett J C. The infectious etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum 1978; 21: 531-8. Midtvedt T. Intestinal bacteria and rheumatic disease.ScandjrRheumatol 1987; suppl 64: 49-54. Ebringer A, Corbett M, Macafee Y, et al. Antibodies to Proteus in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1985; ii: 305-7. Marcolongo R, Bayeli P F, Montagnani M. Gastrointestinal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a biopsy study. _ Rheumatol 1979; 6: 163-73. Henriksson K, Uvnas-Moberg K, Nord C-E, Johansson C,Gullberg R. Gastrin, gastric acid secretion and gastricmicroflora in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45: 475-83.

Or These studies and book 

Drasar B S, Shiner M, McLeod G M. Studies on theintestinal flora. I. The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy and achlorhydric persons.Gastroenterology1969;

.

56:71-9 

Savage D C. The normal human microflora-composition. In: Grubb R, Midtvedt T, Norin E, eds. The regulatory and protective role of the normal microflora. New York: Stockton Press, 1989: 3-18.

Change to Active Ingredient Sensitivities           

5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Black Walnut) Alliin (Garlic) Arbutin (Arctosphylos uva ursi) Artemesinin (Artemesia sp.) Berberine (Goldenseal, uva ursi, berberine sulf.) Caprylic acid (Fatty Acid; octanoic from coconut) Carvacrol (Oregano) Oleuropein (Olive Leaf) Quinic Acid (Cat’s Claw) Thymol (Thyme, Myrrh) Undecylenic acid (Castor oil)

Natural Antimicrobials/Antifungals ANTIBACTERIAL  Berberine herbs  Citrus seed extract  Oregon grape root  Garlic  Red Thyme Oil  Oregano Oil  Caprylic acid  Uva ursi

      



ANTIFUNGALS Berberine herbs Citrus seed extract Black walnut hull Garlic Red Thyme Oil Oregano Oil Caprylic acid Uva ursi Grieve M. A modern herbal.New York: Dover 1971 Bremness L. Herbs. London: Dorling Kindersley 1993 Ody P. The complete medicinal herbal. London: Dorling Kindersley 1993

Double-blind, randomized, controlled, pilot study comparing classic ayurvedic medicine, methotrexate, and their combination in rheumatoid arthritis

 METHODS AND DESIGN:  43 seropositive RA patients by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria with disease duration of less than 7 years were assigned to the following treatment groups: MTX plus Ayurvedic placebo (n = 14), Ayurveda plus MTX placebo (n = 12), or Ayurveda plus MTX (n = 17).  Outcomes :Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP), ACR20/50/70, and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index  All measures were obtained every 12 weeks for 36 weeks.

Double-blind, randomized, controlled, pilot study comparing classic ayurvedic medicine, methotrexate, and their combination in rheumatoid arthritis

 RESULTS:  All groups were comparable at baseline in demographics and disease characteristics.  There were no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups on the efficacy measures.  ACR20 results were MTX 86%, Ayurveda 100%, and combination 82%  DAS28-CRP response were MTX -2.4, Ayurveda -1.7, and combination -2.4  Differences in adverse events among groups were also not statistically significant, although the MTX groups experienced more adverse event (MTX 174, Ayurveda 112, combination 176). No deaths occurred.

Double-blind, randomized, controlled, pilot study comparing classic ayurvedic medicine, methotrexate, and their combination in rheumatoid arthritis

 CONCLUSIONS:  In this first-ever, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled pilot study comparing Ayurveda, MTX, and their combination, all 3 treatments were approximately equivalent in efficacy, within the limits of a pilot study.  Adverse events were numerically fewer in the Ayurveda-only group

Furst DE, Venkatraman MM, et al. J Clin Rheumatol. 2011 Jun; 17(4):185-92.

Enteric Neurobiology  Serotonin in gut and brain  Many people with GI dysfunction have:  Depression  Sleep Disorders  Anxiety

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Gut Flora 

Millions of bacteria inhabit in large intestine  



favorable environment such suitable pH nutrients for the growth of bacteria

Most abundant species are anaerobic bacteria.  

There are over 500 different species. Beneficial Bacterial species or Probiotics:  Bifidobacteria – reduce diarrhea and intestinal infection  Lactobacilli – maintains the integrity of intestinal flora, and controls proliferation of undesirable pathogens



1.

Beneficial Yeast species or Probiotics:  Sacchromyces species – clean digestive tract & prevents diarrhea

Guarner F, Malagelada JR, Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet [Lancet], ISSN: 0140-6736, 2003 Feb 8; Vol. 361 (9356), pp. 512-9

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Inflammation  Inflammation is a protective attempt by the

organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Causes of Inflammation  Physical Trauma

 Leukocyte defects

 Cancer

 Myopathy

 Allergies

 Foreign Bodies

 Vitamin A deficiency

 Toxins

 Chemicals

 Burns

 Pharmaceuticals

 Fat

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Flora  Celiac Disease   

Gluten intolerance more than 3 million Americans, according to the University of Chicago's Celiac Disease Center gluten prompts your “autoimmune” response attacks your villi, the small finger-like nodules in your small intestine symptoms, including abdominal discomfort and bloating, gas, constipation or diarrhea.  malnutrition, neurological symptoms and increased risk of cancer in your intestines. 

B. Tjellström, et al.; "The American Journal of Gastroenterology"; Gut Microflora Associated Characteristics in Children with Celiac Disease; December 2005 http://www.livestrong.com/article/547649-intestinal-flora-gluten-intolerance/#ixzz1qP3s6Xg4

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Flora  Antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica in thyroid disease. 



Shenkman L, Bottone EJ. Ann Intern Med. 1976 Dec;85(6):735-9.

The prevalence of elevated antibody titers against Yersinia enterocolitica was studied in normal subjects, patients with a variety of nonthyroidal illnesses, and patients with thyroid disease. In contrast to the low prevalence of antibodies in controls (less than 8%), 48 of 67 patients (75%) with a variety of thyroid disorders had titers greater than 1:8. Antibodies were found in 24 of 36 patients with Graves' disease, five of six with autonomous adenoma, seven of seven with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, three of five with idiopathic primary hypothyroidism, four of 11 with nontoxic nodular goiter, and one of two with thyroid carcinoma. Antibodies to serotype 3 were the most prevalent, occurred in the highest titers, and were found particularly in patients with Graves' disease. These observations indicate that in spite of the infrequent occurrence of yersinia infection in the United States as compared with Scandinavia, patients with thyroid disorders have a higher prevalence of antibodies to Yersinia than normal subjects or patients with other disorders.

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Flora  When Good Germs Go Bad: "Friendly" Gut

Bacteria Can Trigger Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice 

Also talks about Type I diabetes being caused this way as well. 



Only 50% of identical twins get type I diabetes

University of Chicago, Scientific American, June 22, 2011 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=gut-bacteria-can-trigger-rheumatoid-arthritis-in-mice

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Flora  Host–microflora interaction in Systemic

Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): colonization resistance of the indigenous bacteria of the intestinal tract 

, et.al.Epidemiology and Infection (1994), 112 : pp 367-373 Published H. Z. Apperloo-Renkema Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Flora online: 15 May 2009

 Crohn's disease: Adherent-invasive

Escherichia coli target Peyer's patches 

Long polar fimbriae have been identified as a key factor that enable adherent-invasive Escherichia coli to target Peyer's patches in the ileum of patients with Crohn's disease, report a multinational research team. 

Nature Reviews :Gastroenterology and Hepatology 8, 246 (May 2011) | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.43

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Flora  Probiotic Bacteria Could Help Treat Crohn's

Disease  ScienceDaily (Mar. 31, 2011) — New research suggests that infection with a probiotic strain of E. coli bacteria could help treat an reduce the negative effects of another E. coli infection that may be associated with Crohn's disease. Researchrs from the University of Auckland, New Zealand publish their results in the April 2011 issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

Role of Bacteria

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_HTo7xhN0ZDo/TQjSyvzkbLI/AAAAAAAAAL0/3RwRwtud2bU/s1600/probiotics.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_HTo7xhN0ZDo/TQjSyvzkbLI/AAAAAAAAAL0/3RwRwtud2bU/s1600/probiotics.jpg 70

Mechanism of Benefits (11)

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

copyright Lynn Lafferty 2013

CASE REPORT 73

 61 y.o. female with GERD, Goiter, and shoulder pain. 

Was diagnosed 3 years ago with h. pylori but was told it is now gone

 Labs: TSH low, Cholesterol 220, calcium slightly low  Tests: Goiter monitored by MRI, Bone Density shows

Osteopenia  Chief Complaint: Taking Nexium 40 mg 2 times a day(has been on PPI of some type for 12 years). Wakes up with acid, sometimes after meals she feels right pain under breast. Has seen 4 doctors with no relief over.  Depression and anxiety  On Synthroid 125mcg.

PPI’s from Package Insert 74

 Duration of use:  Short term pyrosis (heartburn): 14 days  H.Pylori eradicatication: 14 days  GERD: 4-8 weeks  Erosive esophagitis: up to 6 months  Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: up to 12 months

Causes of High Stomach Acid  High fat and large quantities of Protein that is high 

  

fiber takes a longer period of time H. Pylori Infection Cancer and or ulcers Lack of sleep 1 Lack of bicarbonate and enzymes 

Begins in the 30’s to decrease

1. Laugier R, Bernard JP, Berthezene P, Dupuy P. Changes in pancreatic exocrine secretion with age: pancreatic exocrine secretion does decrease in the elderly. Digestion. 1991;50(3-4):202-11.

Causes of High Stomach Acid 76

 High fat and large quantities of Protein that is high

   

fiber takes a longer period of time H. Pylori Infection Cancer and or ulcers Lack of sleep Studies show as we age that we actually develop a bicarb deficiency

Natural Alternative to PPIs 77 –



Calcium Magnesium



Deglycyrrhizinized Licorice

–



Meadowsweet Chamomile Okra Slippery elm Digestive enzymes



   

–

–

– – –

– –

Angelica Peppermint leaf Caraway Milk thistle Lemon balm Clown’s mustard plant Artichoke Turmeric Aloe Vera juice

ENZYME REPLACEMENT 78

 What are enzymes  Proteins that break down food into molecules

 Why?  Aging  Stress  Pancreas or natural enzyme deficiency  Poor quality of foods 

Man-made vs. from nature

Enzyme Replacement 79

 Protein Enzymes  Proteases  Peptidase  Fat Enzymes  Lipase  *Bile Not an enzyme  Very Important 

 CHO Enzymes  Amylase  Lactase  Acid maltase  Glucoamylase  Invertase  Galactosidease  Cellulase

Protein Digestion 80

 Bromelain  Papaya

 Beets (betaine)

Mucilaginous Herbs 81

 Herbs that secrete mucilage.  various gummy secretions or gelatinous substances present in plants.  polysaccharides which give them a slippery texture and mild taste 



moist, soft, and viscid

Herbs used Okra  Slippery Elm  Cape Aloe  Marshmallow 

Mucilaginous Herbs 82

 From Webster’s Dictionary  a gelatinous substance of various plants (as legumes or seaweeds) that contains protein and polysaccharides and is similar to plant gums  an aqueous usually viscid solution (as of a gum) used especially as an adhesive  Fiber and mucilage helps keep the intestinal tract

healthy  Coats and heals tissues  Hydrophilic colloids from mucilage relieves constipation 

Provides mobility of feces

Probiotics 83

 Lactobacillus acidophilus, paracasei  Helps keep gut proper pH(needs lactose)

 Bifidobacterium lactis  Strengthen the mucosal barrier of the gut  Produce B vitamins  Produce Vit. K  Produce short chain fatty acids  Helps keep gut proper pH

Prebiotic 84

 Feeds bacteria and gut flora  Inulin  Soluble, non-digestible fiber Chicory root  Agave 

 

Can be digested by microorganisms providing energy Increases magnesium and calcium absorption

 Galactooligosaccharide

Nutritional Yeast 85

 Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Means “sugar mold” 



Can be isolated from grape skins

Brewer’s and baker’s yeast Causes fermentation  Can make the pH in the gut acidic  Complete protein  Makes B vitamins 



Antibodies found in 60-70% of crohn’s patients

Glutamine 86

 Amino acid  Building block for others like glutathione  Gut cells use a lot of energy and glutamine can supply energy  Decrease permeability 

Endotoxin-induced permeability changes can be prevented or delayed by the supply of luminal glutamine at the time of insult. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 19:83-87 1995)

Chamomile and Meadowsweet 87

 Decrease stomach acid  Decreases spasm in upper and lower gastrointestinal

tract  References  

Weiss, RF Herbal Medicine, Translated from German, 6th ed, 1988 British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 1983

Licorice/deglycyrrhizinized 88

 Licorice used since recorded history 

Triterpene saponins(mainly glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids  High doses may mimic Cushing's Syndrome and hyperaldosteronism with symptoms of: 

hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, edema, immuno-suppression, muscle atrophy, and even renal failure



Deglcyrrhizinized(DGL)  A small study showed it promoted healthy mucosal tissue in stomach by increasing blood flow to tissue



References  Olukoga, A.,Donaldson, D. JR Social Health 2000 120(2):83-89  Slagel, J. British Medical Journal 1970; 2:177

Protective Effect of Licorice 89

 Liver Protective and Increase cortisol  Kimura, M., T. Moro, et al. (2008). "In vivo glycyrrhizin accelerates liver regeneration and rapidly lowers serum transaminase activities in 70% partially hepatectomized rats." Eur J Pharmacol 579(1-3): 357-64.  Lee, C. H., S. W. Park, et al. (2007). "Protective mechanism of glycyrrhizin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice." Biol Pharm Bull 30(10): 1898-904.  Veldt, B. J., B. E. Hansen, et al. (2006). "Long-term clinical outcome and effect of glycyrrhizin in 1093 chronic hepatitis C patients with non-response or relapse to interferon." Scand J Gastroenterol 41(9): 1087-94.

Betaine 90

 Acidifying agent for the stomach  Protein Digestion  Amino Acid Absorption  Maintains Gut Sterility  Studies show less calcium absorption  Activates Intrinsic factor 

B12

 Can get from beets

Diet IS Important

Dr. Lafferty

91

What Do You Think People Eat? 92

Dr. Lafferty

What Are Americans Eating? The U.S. allows over 14,000 chemical additives to our food supply The average American consumes more than 15 lbs. of food additives, 60 pounds of sugar & 60 pounds of high fructose corn syrup annually

Dr. Lafferty

93

Ref: (USDA ERS Food Availability – Per Capita – Data System - 2006)

FOOD DISEASE CURE OR CAUSE 94

 Ways “Food” Causes Disease  Trans-fat  High Fructose Corn Syrup  Artificial Sweeteners  MSG  Genetically Modified (GMO)  Salt  Chemical Additives

Dr. Lafferty

Hydrogenated Trans Fat 95

 Long chain unsaturated fats  C=C and making them into hydrogenated “TRANS” fat  Causes Inflammation and Inhibits Omega-3  Does not fit into cell membrane 



May damage the insulin receptor

More cardiovascular disease 30,000-100,000 deaths (NEJM)  Raises LDL and c-reactive protein  Lowers HDL 

Dr. Lafferty

Oleic acid /Cis Fat

Dr. Lafferty

96

Elaidic acid/Trans fat

Elaidic acid

Dr. Lafferty

97

Hydrogenated Trans Fat 98

 0 Grams does not mean 0 (FDA allows