Florida Content Area Curriculum Guides Grades 9-12
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Table of Contents Early World Studies ................................................................................ 3 Modern World Studies .......................................................................... 16 U.S. History and Social Sciences II ..................................................... 30 Government and Electives ................................................................... 46
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Early World Studies The lessons below form the strategic curriculum for the Early World Studies course in TeenBiz3000™–a strategic curriculum designed to differentiate literacy instruction and accelerate reading gains through the reading of nonfiction, content area texts. Each lesson includes two types of informational text: a relevant, high-interest news article and background information that connects the article to the content area topic.
Early World Studies Category Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE)
Lesson Saving the Paintings
Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE)
Secrets of the Sahara Uncovered
Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE)
Scientists Strike Gold
Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE)
Peru's Hidden Past
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Dig Deeper Summary The Magdalenians lived near Lascaux, France, thousands of years ago. Often called the reindeer people, they used every part of the reindeer and did not live in permanent settlements. Because they moved around so much, we don’t know a lot about them. Forensic archaeologists use archaeological methods to solve crimes. They work alongside police, and their artifacts usually end up in a courtroom instead of a museum. Ancient Thracians were similar to Greeks in their love of beautiful things, such as art and sculpture. However, aspects of their religion and culture seemed strange to the Greeks, and their thirst for war made them a bloody and savage group. In order for a group of people to be considered a civilization, certain conditions must be met. These include having a center of population, a system of
ELA Focus Understand Problem and Solution
Cite Evidence
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Build Academic Vocabulary
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Category
Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE) Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE) Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE)
Earliest Peoples (To 300 CE) Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE)
Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE)
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Lesson
Dig Deeper Summary religious beliefs, a government, and a division of labor that leads to the development of social classes and technology. What's Behind Carbon-14 dating is one of the methods used to find the this Door? age of old objects. Another method is looking at tree rings. Treasures Back Pottery and statues discovered at the palace at Tell Halaf Together tell us a lot about the people who lived there many years ago. Although these people abandoned the area, it was soon resettled because of its location on a trade route. Road to the Past Archaeologists usually find things that have lasted a long time. They learn from these artifacts by looking at them and comparing them to others they may have found. Archaeologists can also try to determine an object's approximate age from carbon dating. The Lost Tomb The Olmec people had one of the first complex societies in Mesoamerica. Their cities were highly developed and included an underground water system. They also traded goods with other civilizations. A Better Way To Anthropologists have several ideas as to why humans Farm switched from foraging to farming, but this shift was significant. It allowed people to settle in an area to form villages and towns. Eventually, people would learn more about plants, enabling them to grow more food. What's Under the People have lived in the Nile Valley for thousands of Sand years. A timeline shows some of the dynasties and major events in this area over time.
ELA Focus
Summarize
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Cite Evidence
Determine Author's Purpose
Understand Compare and Contrast
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
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Category Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE) Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE) Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE)
Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE) Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE)
Ancient Middle East (To 300 CE)
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Lesson An Old, Old Boat
Dig Deeper Summary The removal process for an ancient boat that is discussed on page 1 was very complex. Although it took a lot of effort, raising the boat uncovered new information about the lives of Egyptian rulers from long ago. Who Built the In ancient Egypt, there was a strict social hierarchy, with Pyramids? Now royalty at the top and slaves at the bottom. The pyramid We Know! builders probably came from the lower social classes and lived in homes with simple furnishings. King Tut Malaria is an ancient disease that still occurs widely in Questions Asia and Africa. In ancient times, doctors studied it and Answered tried to treat it; still, it may have played a part in weakening the Roman Empire and contributed to King Tut's death. Today, malaria is treatable. Will This Pyramid Sneferu, king of Egypt during the Fourth Dynasty, built Draw Crowds? many pyramids, including the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid. He was also a popular king and an able ruler who left behind a prosperous nation. Strange Jerusalem was conquered by King David; his son, Markings Solomon, initiated many building projects. One was a temple, which became the city's focal point. Professions in Jerusalum were varied. After Solomon's time, the city's size was reduced, and the kingdom split. A Sweet Find In Ancient Israel, all people wore the same type of wool or linen clothing and ate the same diet of grains, vegetables, and fruits, with meat from sheep or goats on special occasions, and honey, garlic, or onions for flavoring. Although life was hard, people engaged in leisure activities, such as playing games and telling stories.
ELA Focus Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Cite Evidence
Summarize
Summarize
Determine Author's Purpose
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Category Ancient India and China (To 300 CE)
Lesson Can You Count to One Billion?
Ancient India and China (To 300 CE)
Bhutan Star
Ancient India and China (To 300 CE)
Counting Everyone in China
Ancient India and China (To 300 CE)
What Qianlong Left Behind
Ancient Greece and Rome (~3001500 CE) Ancient Greece and
Found: Riches From a Queen
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Old Bones Show Doctor's Work
Dig Deeper Summary The ancient Indus Valley civilization, very advanced for its time, included the city of Mohenjo-Daro, which was like a modern city. It featured brick buildings and had a water and sewer system. What we don't know is what its government was like or why this civilization disappeared. The official religion of Bhutan is Buddhism. Buddhism began with a prince called Siddhartha Gautama, who would become known as the Buddha. Buddhism would spread all around Asia for hundreds of years after the Buddha's death, developing two branches. One of these branches, Mahayana Buddhism, is the one that is followed in Bhutan. Today, a census tells us a lot about China, the world's most populous nation. Although the Shang Dynasty dates back thousands of years, we know about it because of bronze artifacts and written records that date from that era. China's Zhou Dynasty introduced the idea of the Mandate of Heaven, which means that heaven authorized the emperor to rule, and it was the emperor's duty to care for his people. If he did not, heaven would not allow him to rule anymore. This idea would live on in China beyond the era of the Zhou Dynasty. Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the most important cities of the ancient world. Established by Alexander the Great, it was a center of learning, trade, and food production until the fall of the Roman Empire. Much of Western medicine is modeled on Greek ideas of observing and treating illness. Although the ancient
ELA Focus Cite Evidence
Understand Cause and Effect
Determine Central Idea
Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
Determine Author's Purpose
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Category Rome (~3001500 CE)
Lesson
Ancient Greece and Rome (~3001500 CE)
Losing History
Ancient Greece and Rome (~3001500 CE)
Old City Comes To Life
Ancient Greece and Rome (~3001500 CE)
When Rome Went to Britain
Ancient Greece and Rome (~3001500 CE) Ancient Greece and Rome (~3001500 CE)
Look What They Found
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RIP, Western Roman Empire
Dig Deeper Summary Greeks didn't know much about the way the body worked, they documented what they observed and used their observations to help patients. Pliny the Younger wrote about the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. From his account, it's clear that the eruption was not expected. Much of what we know today of Roman life comes from the preserved ruins of the cities that the eruption of Mount Vesuvius destroyed. Leukaspis in ancient Egypt was a prosperous city whose merchants lived comfortable lives. It had fairly modern plumbing, a sewer system, and a city center with a bathhouse and great hall. Leukaspis would be destroyed by a tsunami in 365 CE. Roman baths, like those that survive in Bath, England, were a central part of Roman life. A Roman public bath was divided into several areas, each of which served a different purpose. In addition to a place to get clean, there were places to socialize and be entertained. Roman ships helped to expand trade and made ancient Rome rich. In addition, Rome's naval fleet helped expand the empire and conquer Rome's strongest opponent, Carthage. The "barbarians" who invaded the western Roman Empire were actually from several different groups of Germanic tribes, some of whom were actually associated with the Roman Empire. When Rome began to weaken, these groups took the opportunity to invade and conquer, further weakening the empire and opening it to more invasion.
ELA Focus
Summarize
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Build Academic Vocabulary
Cite Evidence
Understand Cause and Effect
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Category Lesson Empires and A Desert Run Nation-States (~300-1500 CE)
Empires and Digging for Nation-States Treasures (~300-1500 CE)
Empires and Trees Need Nation-States More Water, (~300-1500 Fewer Visitors CE) Empires and Hoop Dreams Nation-States From Africa (~300-1500 CE) China and Japan (~3001500 CE)
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Can Animals Sense Trouble?
Dig Deeper Summary The Mali Empire was created by Sundiata in the early 13th century. Sundiata's successors expanded it further, and the city of Timbuktu became a trade center as well as a Muslim learning center. Trade made Mali wealthy and powerful, but its power would soon dwindle, and other groups would raid its riches. The Roman Empire was the first part of the world to adopt Christianity. The western half adopted the Roman Catholic religion. The Byzantine Empire, the eastern part, developed a different kind of Christianity known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. Eventually, much of the Byzantine Empire would be taken over by Islam. The Almoravid Dynasty, which ruled a vast area in Northern Africa and Europe, was made up of Berbers who practiced a strict form of Islam. While conquering other kingdoms with their powerful army, the Almoravids grew prosperous and spread Islam to other areas. Ancient Ghana was a vast and powerful kingdom that was fabulously wealthy due to its gold mines. Trade made Ghana rich and powerful, but competition from other gold sources and invasions from neighboring kingdoms led to the kingdom's end in 1240 CE. Although earthquake prediction is not yet possible, earthquake detection dates back many years. The Chinese developed a detector in the 2nd century CE. The device could determine when and where an earthquake had occurred.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
Understand Cause and Effect
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category China and Japan (~3001500 CE)
Lesson China Reaching New Heights
China and Japan (~3001500 CE)
A Really Great Wall
China and Japan (~3001500 CE)
The Beauty of Yabusame
Medieval Europe (~300-1500 CE) Medieval Europe (~300-1500 CE)
English Princess Found?
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Understanding the Black Death
Dig Deeper Summary The Song Dynasty rose to power in 960 CE and was a time of cultural and economic growth for China. Its large cities were centers of trade, literature, and philosophy. However, its weak military could not withstand invasion from rival kingdoms. The wall-builders of China included the short-lived Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty. The greatest of the builders were the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, who feared the Mongols from the north. The Ming Dynasty would eventually be overtaken by the neighboring Manchus, who were former allies. The samurai class originated in 9th-century Japan and consisted of the private armies of wealthy clans. With the establishment of the shogunate, the samurai became a powerful and privileged group. Samurai underwent intense training and were held to the code of conduct called Bushido; they would influence Japanese society until the mid-19th century. Alfred the Great was king of Wessex in the 9th century. Beloved in his time, he protected his people from invasion and encouraged learning and social order for his kingdom. Giovanni Boccaccio wrote about the Black Death, describing it in frightening detail. At the time of this great plague, many fled their homes and previous ways of life; some no longer clung to church beliefs. As a result of the plague, the population of Europe dropped by one-third, and the feudal economic system was upended by the loss of serfs to work the land.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Sequence of Events
Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category Introduction to World Geography Introduction to World Geography
Lesson More Earthquakes? No. More People? Yes. Hawaii's Fire Show
Introduction to World Geography
Rainforests: A Gift on Earth
Introduction to World Geography
Hot, Hot, Hot
Introduction to World Geography
Walking on Thin Ice
Africa
A Race To Get Water
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Dig Deeper Summary Earthquake prediction is not very reliable. Seismologists can study the movements of the earth and make longrange estimates based on past earthquakes, but they have a long way to go before they can predict quakes. Volcanic islands like those that make up Hawaii form from eruptions. Kilauea is an important volcano to Hawaiians because it continues to add to Hawaii's "Big Island" as it erupts. Kilauea's crater is also said to be the home of Pele, Hawaii's fire goddess. Costa Rica is an "ecological superpower" because it is home to many more species of animals and plants than most countries in the world. Because its government values this, Costa Rica's economy benefits in many ways from ecotourism. A bar graph shows temperatures in the heat dome in July 2011 compared with average July temperatures. Temperatures for July 2011 were all higher than average. The "greenhouse effect," caused by gases like carbon dioxide and methane, helps keep Earth warm by absorbing and trapping solar energy. Human activities have created more greenhouse gases, which have caused the temperature of Earth's surface to rise; one effect of this is melting Arctic ice. Tanzania boasts remarkable geographical features, such as Lake Victoria and the Serengeti. It also has 120 cultural groups, which are unified through the Swahili language. However, Tanzania struggles with heat and drought.
ELA Focus Cite Evidence
Build Academic Vocabulary
Understand Cause and Effect
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Cause and Effect
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
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Category Africa
Lesson Elephants Get Cell Phones
Africa
Two Brothers Give Back
Africa
Okapis Say "Cheese"
Africa
From Europe to Africa
Africa
Look Who's Tweeting
Southwest and Central Asia
Water Worries
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Dig Deeper Summary Rangers use tracking collars on elephants to help these animals. Their movement patterns can indicate unsafe situations and help rangers figure out how much room elephants need. Most Kenyans live in rural areas, which lack basic resources such as clean water and medical treatment. Drought, poor land management, and flooding have led to poverty and food insecurity. Kenya needs support to change this. Virunga National Park features many animal and plant species, as well as unusual geographical landforms. Because of political unrest in the region, this park needs help to protect its species, its environment, and its overall survival. In spite of many obstacles, the Channel Tunnel has transformed transportation between Britain and France by making it a quick and convenient journey for travelers. But the Gibraltar tunnel faces difficulties that may be harder to overcome. Technology can be used to help solve water shortages. Satellites have revealed underground aquifers in drought-stricken Kenya, and knowing that the water is available can help improve the lives of Kenyans who lack water access. People of the Middle East experience water problems because of the desert geography, overconsumption of groundwater, and lack of rainfall. Desalination of salt water is being considered, but it has issues of its own.
ELA Focus Understand Problem and Solution
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Cause and Effect
Determine Central Idea
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Problem and Solution
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Category Southwest and Central Asia
Lesson The Return of the Unicorn
South Asia
Just a Story...Or Is It?
South Asia
Reaching High...Again
South Asia
A Mess at Sea
South Asia
Cars Are Changing India
East and Southeast Asia
Plan Helps Companies, Animals, and the Planet
East and Southeast Asia
Hidden in the Forests
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Dig Deeper Summary The Arabian Peninsula has a harsh climate but has fertile areas along the coasts. Many who live in the region have adapted by adopting a nomadic lifestyle, but important civilizations developed on the coast because agriculture was possible. The Bhutanese culture is unique because the nation of Bhutan has been isolated from the rest of the world until recently. This uniqueness is reflected in Bhutanese beliefs, rituals, clothing, and eating habits. Climbing Mount Everest is physically arduous, time consuming, and expensive. However, achieving this lofty goal puts the climber on top of the world. Ocean currents constantly move along the same routes. These are affected by wind currents, and together, these influence climate. A graphic compares the U.S. to India in many aspects, including population, gross domestic product, and transportation. Indonesia has a wealth of natural resources, including valuable minerals and coastal coral reefs. However, the mining profits have not benefited Indonesians, and the coral reefs are threatened. Indonesia must learn to balance economic growth with environmental and societal responsibility. Located in the Ring of Fire, Papua New Guinea is covered in tropical rainforest and boasts a great deal of biodiversity. The Hewa people who live there can help scientists discover many species because of their close ties to the land.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Compare and Contrast
Build Academic Vocabulary
Understand Cause and Effect Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category East and Southeast Asia
East and Southeast Asia Australia and the Pacific
Lesson Lost and Found
Dig Deeper Summary In Vietnamese mythology, four animals are sacred: the turtle, the unicorn, the phoenix, and the dragon. These animals exist in legendary tales and were used as symbols to represent positive forces or attributes, such as luck or power. Did Mallory Make Mount Everest attracts many climbers every year, even It? though the climb is arduous and expensive.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
What's Hiding in the Coral Reefs?
Cite Evidence
Australia and the Pacific
Hawaii's Early Settlers
Australia and the Pacific
A Surprise in New Zealand
North America
Saving the Land
North America
Too Many Climbers?
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Hundreds of species depend upon the Great Barrier Reef. The reef has lost half of its coral in the past 30 years due to climate change and human activity. It's important to stop this decline because the reef is crucial to the ecosystem. Hawaii's native people are Polynesians who are believed to have migrated from Southeast Asia. They developed a unique culture in Hawaii that was in harmony with the environment, but this culture was negatively affected by the arrival of Europeans and Americans. New Zealand is a small country made up of two main islands with a varied climate and geography; it is able to support many ecoregions. The National Park Service (NPS) constantly has to balance its goal of conservation with other interests. Tourist activities, mining interests, and industrial emissions can harm protected areas, presenting a challenge to the NPS. Yosemite's rangers juggle the responsibility of keeping people safe with the need to protect the park's resources. Rules for visitors, monitoring by rangers, and
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Determine Author's Purpose
Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category
Lesson
South America
Oil for the Taking?
South America
New Trees, Better Planet
South America
One Big, Scary Snake
South America
A Pink Lizard and a Striped Fish
South America
Beautiful Music
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Dig Deeper Summary fines for violations all help keep the park a place for visitors to enjoy nature. In some places, oil is found underground, trapped in rock called shale. This oil could be economically beneficial. However, because of concern about the environmental consequences of the oil extraction method, it's not clear whether it should always be tapped. The Atlantic Forest in Brazil, known for its different forest types and great biodiversity, is gradually being destroyed. There are efforts to preserve this forest and others like it. Signs indicate that these conservation efforts are working. Some scientists think that the existence of an enormous ancient snake called Titanoboa shows that rainforests were warmer than previously thought. Others disagree with this, arguing that very high temperatures would cause a reptile such as Titanoboa to overheat. The Galapagos Islands feature a great deal of biodiversity due to their multiple ecosystems. However, many of the islands' species are threatened by illegal hunting, human impact, and invasive species. In an effort to help the Galapagos, UNESCO has labeled the islands a World Heritage Site. Landfills can damage the environment, and the rotting garbage can emit carbon dioxide. Landfill reclamation makes use of gas emissions to create fuel and changes the way garbage is disposed.
ELA Focus
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Summarize
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Build Academic Vocabulary
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Category Europe (including Russia)
Lesson How Much for a Glass of Water?
Europe (including Russia)
Trying To Save Plants and Animals
Europe (including Russia)
All Eyes on Sochi
Europe (including Russia)
The Orbit: Art or Not?
Europe (including Russia) Europe (including Russia)
Bright Colors, Bright Ideas
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Small City Sets Big Example
Dig Deeper Summary Water is something everyone needs, which is why the earliest civilizations grew along rivers. These rivers also provided transportation and water power, and they helped cities develop. Many European countries united under the European Union, an economic and political entity that makes decisions for all its members. This was done to minimize conflicts in Europe and encourage countries to work together on issues. Sochi, Russia, site of the 2014 Winter Olympics, is a ski area but also boasts a riviera-like sea resort. One day, Sochi may host the Summer Olympics because of its unusual climate combination. Landmarks all over the world, such as the Statue of Liberty and the Great Wall of China, were built for different reasons. Over time, these landmarks become part of the national landscape. They are not only tourist attractions, but also sources of pride. Artists use their art to show not only what they see, but also their thoughts and emotions as affected by their own cultures and lives. Cities affect Earth's environment by producing air pollution and sewage. Making small changes in how cities are run can make a big difference.
ELA Focus Cite Evidence
Understand Problem and Solution
Cite Evidence
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Build Academic Vocabulary
Understand Cause and Effect
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Modern World Studies The lessons below form the strategic curriculum for the Modern World Studies course in TeenBiz3000™–a strategic curriculum designed to differentiate literacy instruction and accelerate reading gains through the reading of nonfiction, content area texts. Each lesson includes two types of informational text: a relevant, high-interest news article and background information that connects the article to the content area topic.
Modern World Studies Category Western Hemisphere (~300-1500 CE)
Lesson This Monster Needs Help
Western Hemisphere (~300-1500 CE)
Old City in Trouble
Renaissance and Reformation
Telescopes: Bigger and Better Than Ever
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Dig Deeper Summary The magnificent city of Tenochtitlan was buit by the Aztecs, who were accomplished farmers, hunters, and soldiers. Their leaders created a large empire that grew prosperous through trade. The Aztec empire would be destroyed with the arrival of the Spanish in the early 1500s. The Inca Empire was created in the 1400s and lasted only a few hundred years. Incan rulers united the empire through highways and canals, while their people grew a huge variety of crops and had a sophisticated system of keeping track of production. The Inca Empire began to falter with the arrival of the Spanish in 1532; weakened by civil war and European disease, the empire soon fell. A few of the men who studied the heavens beginning in the 1500s expanded our scientific understanding of the
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Sequence of Events
Use Context Clues to Determine Meaning
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Category (~1400~1700) Renaissance and Reformation (~1400~1700)
Dig Deeper Summary universe. These men include Nicholas Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo. Did Weather Magellan faced many problems at the outset of his trip Change History? from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean, including uncertain sailing weather, poor leadership on his part, and food shortages. Although his men would complete the journey, Magellan was killed by natives in the Philippines. Renaissance It Must Be a During the Renaissance, artists thrived under the support and Leonardo of patrons. Patrons would custom-order works of art from Reformation their artists, who could be sure of being paid for it. (~1400Although it didn't allow for a great deal of creativity, ~1700) patronage from prominent families like the Medicis and the Sforzas allowed artists to live and work without financial hardship. Renaissance The Mystery of Caravaggio was an extremely talented artist, but he was and Caravaggio also a troubled and violent man. At one point, he killed a Reformation man and spent years as a fugitive from Rome. After his (~1400return, he was wrongly arrested, spent time in prison, ~1700) and died soon after his release. Age of One Idea, Lots of The Scientific Revolution was a time of exceptional Revolution Hard Work advancement and discovery. New ways of thinking (~1700-1914) enabled scholars to expand their knowledge of the universe and led to inventions like the calculator and the barometer.
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Lesson
ELA Focus
Understand Sequence of Events
Understand Sequence of Events
Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category Age of Revolution (~1700-1914)
Lesson Scared of the Dark? Not These People
Age of Helping Japan Revolution Smile (~1700-1914) Age of Was This Revolution Blackbeard's (~1700-1914) Ship?
Age of Wikipedia OK To Revolution Use? (~1700-1914)
Age of Found: Two New Revolution Works of Mozart (~1700-1914)
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Dig Deeper Summary Astronomers were able to make discoveries for thousands of years before the development of the telescope. Nonetheless, the telescope gave later astronomers like Galileo a huge advantage. Today, the study of the stars has progressed beyond the wildest imaginings of early star-watchers. Rakugo, the Japanese art of humorous storytelling, dates back hundreds of years. Using props, facial expressions, and voices, the storyteller, or rakugoka, entertains his audience. The life of a pirate was difficult, dirty, and often short. Pirates sought treasure on European ships returning from the Americas because these vessels were often laden with valuable goods. Although the life of a pirate may have seemed more free and promising than the life of a common sailor, the golden age of piracy ended when England's powerful navy decided to put an end to it. Precursors to the modern encyclopedia include informational volumes written as far back as 77 CE. The first modern-day encyclopedia was printed during the Age of Enlightenment. Because it was so widely distributed, it gave rise to a growing thirst for knowledge among the general population and led to many more publications of its kind. Mozart was an Enlightenment-era musical genius who began composing at age 5. As an adult, however, he had difficulty finding a permanent position as an artist. His
ELA Focus Determine Author's Purpose
Analyze Multiple Texts
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Cite Evidence
Summarize
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Category
Lesson
Age of Haiti's Fight To Revolution Be Free (~1700-1914)
Age of England's Revolution Terrible Trade (~1700-1914)
Age of Revolution (~1700-1914) Age of Revolution (~1700-1914)
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Cinco de Mayo: An Important Day A 140-Year-Old Letter
Dig Deeper Summary music pushed the boundaries of his era, expressing emotions and beliefs that shaped his time. The seeds of the French Revolution were sown under the rule of King Louis XIV, who had absolute power over his people and taxed the poor and middle classes while making France a powerful and wealthy country. Although Louis XIV's skills meant that he was generally seen as a success, subsequent kings were not as capable, and France's problems caused high food prices that resulted in violence. Eventually, a revolt would lead to the overthrow of the French monarchy. The slave trade helped nations with colonies make a great deal of money; many countries, including the U.S., gained from this practice. Although the slave trade was abolished in the early 1800s and slavery itself came to an end in the mid-19th century, the painful legacy of slavery remains. There were many conflicts on Mexican soil between 1810 and 1917; these included wars for independence and revolts against unjust rule. Starting with the Portuguese in the 15th century, Africa became a treasure chest for Europeans, who colonized and exploited most of the continent. Africa's resources were used to fill the treasuries of Europe's powers, and many Africans became slaves to feed Europe's need for cheap labor. These practices destroyed African societies and cultures, and even after decolonization, many African nations struggled to establish stable governments and economies.
ELA Focus
Use Context Clues to Determine Meaning
Understand Compare and Contrast
Understand Sequence of Events Understand Sequence of Events
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Category Lesson Age of Pedaling for Revolution Power (~1700-1914)
Dig Deeper Summary The steam engine was an important innovation that pushed Europe and the U.S. into the Industrial Revolution. Machines developed during this time transformed the way people lived and worked, and they led to major changes in transportation. Age of Robot Nation Life in Europe and America before the Industrial Revolution Revolution was hard--work was done by hand, (~1700-1914) production was time consuming, and transportation was primitive. The 18th century saw the development of many innovations that made life and work easier for people; however, some of these changes had a negative impact on workers. Global Putting an End to Child labor in the U.S. existed as recently as the early Upheavals Child Labor 20th century. Because machines needed workers to (1900-1945) operate them, children were used as inexpensive labor; these children lost any opportunity to have a childhood and an education. During the Progressive Era, lawmakers and activists attempted to make reforms. A law passed in the 1930s eventually put an end to child labor in the U.S. Global The Forgotten The underlying causes of World War I included Upheavals Ones nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the formation of (1900-1945) alliances to help maintain the balance of power in Europe. Global A War's Last European nations entered World War I to honor their Upheavals Soldier alliances; the U.S. entered in response to Germany's (1900-1945) unrestricted submarine warfare and attempt to draw Mexico into the war.
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ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Determine Central Idea
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category Global Upheavals (1900-1945)
Lesson Mapping the Past
Global Upheavals (1900-1945)
Teens Save a Hero's Story
Global Upheavals (1900-1945) Global Upheavals (1900-1945)
The Elephant Rescue
Global Upheavals (1900-1945)
Tea for Peace
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Aloha, Senator Inouye
Dig Deeper Summary Much of the fighting during World War I took place in the trenches. These muddy, open-air pits offered little protection from shells, bullets, and poison gas; in addition, filthy conditions and infestations led to illness. These terrible conditions all contributed to the high casualty rate of the war. When Jews were desperate to leave Nazi-occupied Europe, heroic individuals risked their own lives to do what they could. Raoul Wallenberg saved many Hungarian Jews, and Chiune Sugihara went beyond the call of duty to provide exit visas for many Lithuanian Jews. Refugees trying to flee Burma during World War II faced a difficult, perilous journey. For weeks, Gyles Makrell used elephants to ferry refugees across the Dapha River. Two battalions of Japanese-American soldiers were formed to fight in World War II, even though many Americans had reservations about where the soldiers' loyalties might lie. Both units served bravely and with distinction during the war; they still exist in today's U.S. Army. Following World War II, the U.S. compelled Japan to change the way it governed itself. In addition, the U.S. provided Japan with some raw material necessary for production. This helped pave the way for a healthy Japanese economy and a peaceful relationship between the two countries.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Sequence of Events
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
Lesson A New Home for Two Pandas
Post-WWII World (Since 1945) Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
Remembering Ghandi
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
More Schools, More Hope?
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
First Person in Space
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
Twenty Years of Freedom
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An Answer to India's Power Problems?
Dig Deeper Summary Relations between China and the U.S. were strained after World War II and only began to improve with President Nixon's historic visit in 1972. This opening move was commemorated with the gift of pandas to the U.S. Since then, China has gifted other nations with pandas. This so-called "panda diplomacy" has become a way to improve China's relations with other countries. U.S. civil rights activists used Gandhi's ideas of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience to achieve reform in areas where segregation was the law. When India achieved independence from Great Britain, the country had to develop an economy. Economic growth proved to be slow because of widespread poverty and illiteracy. In the 1990s, economic reforms helped build India into a stronger nation economically, although many Indians still do not benefit from this growth. The partition of Pakistan from India brought about many problems, both economic and religious. Because of this, education was not prioritized, and many adults remained illiterate. Even today, the education systems in these two nations are far from satisfactory, and many children are not able to attend school. With the launch of Sputnik in 1957, the Soviet Union pulled ahead of the U.S. in the Space Race. The Soviets would also be the first to put a man in space, but the U.S. would be the first to land a man on the moon. Under the apartheid system in South Africa, white people had most of the power, while non-whites, categorized as "black" and "colored" people, had to live under strict rules
ELA Focus Analyze Text Structure
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Text Structure
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
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Category
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
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Lesson
Dig Deeper Summary that limited their rights. Due to reforms that began in the late 20th century, the apartheid system no longer exists, but black South Africans still struggle for complete equality. Thirty-Five Years The Vietnam War has its roots in its colonial past. Once After the War independent, Vietnam was divided into two nations: North Vietnam and South Vietnam. Eventually, the U.S. would send troops to aid the anti-communist South Vietnam. North Vietnam won the war due to a variety of factors, including better leadership and familiarity with the territory. Chile Has Its Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet gained power as the First Woman result of a coup that overthrew socialist Salvador President Allende. Pinochet did not believe in freedom of expression, and his regime was marked by civil rights abuses and dictatorial behavior. Although he stepped down in 1990, he died without ever being held accountable for his crimes. A King Takes His Uganda's development as an independent nation has Place been difficult and violent; different political parties have had different ideas on how the country should be run. Coups, violence, and civil rights violations have been common, and Uganda still struggles to achieve stability as a nation. The Elephants The differences between the northern and southern parts Return of Sudan are due to their different cultures and religions, as well as to their development during the colonial era. Fighting between the two areas continued well past that
ELA Focus
Understand Sequence of Events
Determine Central Idea
Understand Sequence of Events
Understand Sequence of Events
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Category
Lesson
Post-WWII World (Since 1945)
New Rules in Asia
Introduction to World Geography
Mapping Out the Future
Introduction to World Geography
What's Best for the Land?
Introduction to World Geography
Which Way Will the Wind Blow?
Introduction to World Geography Introduction to World Geography
Once, They Fished
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Here Today, Gone Tomorrow?
Dig Deeper Summary time. Today, South Sudan is an independent nation, and unrest still exists between the two areas. ASEAN wishes to make trade among Asian nations easier, as well as strengthen democracy and human rights in the area. However, the challenges it faces include member nations with weak economies, unstable governments, and human rights violations. Until recently, people had to use paper maps when traveling. These maps could not be updated. With the development of geographic information systems, travelers today can use interactive maps that show a wealth of relevant information, making travel easier. Soil development is a complex process that involves several factors and takes a great deal of time. That's why conservationists are concerned when natural forces destroy large amounts of soil. As of 2013, construction on the Cape Wind project discussed on page 1 of the Article had not yet begun due to lack of funding. Although politicians were hopeful that the project would begin soon, the political battle was not yet finished and there were still hurdles in its way. The Columbia River is important to the survival of salmon. Their life cycle begins in the river, and they return there to lay eggs after spending time at sea. In May 2013, scientists found unprecendented levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is said to contribute to climate change. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, this build-up comes from human
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media Understand Cause and Effect
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Category
Lesson
Africa
Walking Above the Rain Forest
Africa
Looking Out for Giraffes
Africa
Good Seeds, Bad Soil
Africa
The Only Place To Study
Africa
Climbing Kilimanjaro
Southwest and Central Asia
Straight From the Horse's Mouth
Southwest and Central Asia
On a Wave of Hope
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Dig Deeper Summary activity. Addressing these activities can help slow climate change. Ghana has used its rivers to support a fishing industry in Lake Volta and to build the Akosombo Dam, which produces hydroelectric power. However, the dam has negatively affected farmers and the environment. Niger is made up of several ecoregions, each of which has a different climate. People live differently in each region because of this. Africa is a diverse continent. Its climate zones range from rainforest to desert to savannah. Due to poor farming practices and drought, the transitional zone called the Sahel, which is semi-arid, is drying out and increasing the desert area. Guinea, Africa, has a wealth of natural resources such as coastline, rivers, and many minerals. However, these resources have not been maximized because of an unstable government. Kilimanjaro is unusual because it's a free-standing mountain and is actually volcanic. It contains several biomes, and it's not as difficult to climb as other famous peaks. The domestication of animals changed the world by providing assistance with farming, building, and transportation, as well as by serving as sources of food and clothing. Israel has a variety of geographical features such as desert, mountains, and some arable land, but it lacks many natural resources. As a result, Israel must support
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Summarize
Determine Central Idea
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Determine Author's Purpose
Summarize
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Category
Lesson
Southwest and Central Asia
Let's Go for a Spin
South Asia
A Free Ride to School An Asian Duck Visits California
South Asia
South Asia
Saving Lives With Smelly Feet
South Asia
Floods Hit South Asia
East and Southeast Asia
Cambodia, Friend to Birds
East and Southeast Asia
Can GM Foods End World Hunger?
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Dig Deeper Summary its economy through other means, such as the high-tech industry. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a very wealthy nation because of its oil. Because the UAE has an oil-based economy and the price of oil fluctuates with world demand, the country can experience economic setbacks. Education is the key to reducing poverty and other social problems in India. A map shows just how far an Asian falcated duck may have traveled to reach California, an enormous distance to a faraway continent. Although western countries have managed to stamp out malaria, it is still a big problem in some other parts of the world where the necessary financial resources are in short supply. Monsoons are seasonal wind shifts that affect the amount of rainfall in South Asia. These are important because too much or too little rainfall can cause problems for the people who live there. Cambodians celebrate the end of the monsoon season and the filling of the Tonle Sap reservoir. However, dams reduce the flow of water into the reservoir and may be affecting the populations of fish and birds. Half of the world's population is dependent on subsistence farming. This means that farmers grow only enough food for their families. Subsistence farmers face many challenges, and with population growth and urban expansion, the future of subsistence farming is uncertain.
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Problem and Solution Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Understand Cause and Effect
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category East and Southeast Asia
Lesson Earthquake in Japan
East and Southeast Asia
Small Elephants, Big Problems
Australia and the Pacific
The Plastic Bottle Boat
Australia and the Pacific North America
Surprise! It's a New Penguin Problems on the Mississippi
North America
No Water? Grow Safflower!
South America
Found! An Amazon Rainforest Tribe
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Dig Deeper Summary Earthquakes occur near fault lines, rough edges of the tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust. Countries located near faults, such as those on the "Ring of Fire," are prone to frequent earthquakes as well as devastating tsunamis. The Malaysian government and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) disagree on the environmental effect of the palmoil industry. The government states that it's not as harmful as the WWF claims, and that it provides jobs to Malaysians, as well as a valuable product. Much of the plastic in the oceans is concentrated in huge swirling masses, such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. These plastic masses, which exist in every ocean, are caused by the overuse of plastics and poor disposal habits. The 18 species of penguin share certain traits but have different climatic and environmental needs. The Mississippi River is an iconic landmark in American history and culture. It's served as a border, a highway for commerce, and a source of inspiration for musicians and writers. California features several climate variations because of its size. Elevation and physical features such as arid areas contribute to these differences. Many Amazon peoples, such as the Mati, have contact with the outside world but continue to preserve their own culture and way of life; as long as the rainforests exist, these peoples can continue to practice their traditions while accepting some outside ideas.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Problem and Solution
Understand Compare and Contrast Cite Evidence
Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category South America
Lesson Butterflies on the Rise
South America
Living with Volcanoes
South America
Where No One Has Gone
South America
In the Deep, Dark Sea
South America
Whose Land Is It?
Europe and Russia
Saying Goodbye to Ireland
Europe and Russia
Trouble on Earth's Deepest Lake
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Dig Deeper Summary Deforestation affects millions of species by destroying their homes and affecting ecosystems; it also affects Earth's climate in a negative way. Ecuador's three regions are geographically very different from one another. These dramatic differences affect the lives of the people who live in each region. Venezuela has diverse physical features in its four geographical regions. These areas include some remarkable landscapes and are home to plants and animals seen nowhere else. Underwater exploration has evolved over time from simple methods like sounding and sediment collection to sophisticated technology such as the use of echosounding and submersibles. In 1990s, Douglas Tompkins started purchasing a great deal of land in South America; this worried locals who thought he intended to control their resources. However, as of 2013, he had given back much of the land to its countries in the form of parkland and preserves, and he intended to continue to do this. People migrate for economic, social, and political reasons. They migrate to particular places that may offer opportunity, safety, or the presence of family. Lake Baikal is located in the Siberian taiga. This biome is similar to the Galapagos in that it has a wide variety of unique species. The lake faces environmental threats, and people are trying to solve these problems to save it.
ELA Focus Understand Cause and Effect Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media Determine Author's Purpose
Summarize
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments Determine Author's Purpose
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Category Europe and Russia Europe and Russia
Europe and Russia
Europe and Russia
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Lesson Dig Deeper Summary A Treasure in the The English Channel has been a benefit and a English Channel disadvantage to the English. It's been a barrier against invasion, but it has made trade and travel difficult. Big Race Put on Amsterdam's canals were built to drain swamps and Ice extend the boundaries of the city. In the past, the canals attracted traders and encouraged cultural diversity, and today, they attract tourists. Two Wheels Fewer Americans ride bikes regularly than Europeans Take Off because most American cities are not bike friendly. Some cities in the U.S. are trying to change this to encourage biking, which is a healthy, cheap, and clean method of transportation. Save Our Seeds! Svalbard is a remote group of islands in northern Norway that is home to a wide variety of species. It is protected from mining and other environmentally harmful activities and is a safe place to store something that needs protection, such as seeds.
ELA Focus Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media Cite Evidence
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Analyze Multiple Texts
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U.S. History and Social Sciences II The lessons below form the strategic curriculum for the U.S. History and Social Sciences II course in Empower3000™–a strategic curriculum designed to differentiate literacy instruction and accelerate reading gains through the reading of nonfiction, content area texts. Each lesson includes two types of informational text: a relevant, high-interest news article and background information that connects the article to the content area topic.
U.S. History and Social Sciences II Category Civil War and Reconstruction
Lesson Turner's Rebellion
Civil War and Reconstruction
Catching Runaway Slaves
Civil War and Reconstruction
May 1862: Onward to Richmond
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Dig Deeper Summary In 1822, inspired by a rebellion that had taken place in Haiti decades earlier, a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned a rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina. But the plot was revealed, and Vesey and others were executed. The attempt at rebellion led to new laws further limiting the rights of slaves, but it strengthened the abolitionist movement. The Fugitive Slave Act was passed as part of the Compromise of 1850. At a time when Americans were divided over slavery and its spread, the compromise laid out where slavery might be permitted and under what terms. But such laws did not heal the rift that eventually led to the Civil War. News dispatches written as if from the Civil War era report on a rumor (which later proved to be untrue) that the Union had taken Richmond in the Battle of
ELA Focus Determine Author's Purpose
Cite Evidence
Understand Compare and Contrast
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Category
Lesson
Civil War and Reconstruction
June 1862: A Tale of Two Cities
Civil War and Reconstruction
July 1862: Cavalries and Spies
Civil War and Reconstruction
August 1862: Bull Run, Again
Civil War and Reconstruction
September 1862: Bloodshed at Antietam
Civil War and Reconstruction
A Shot Rang Out
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Dig Deeper Summary Williamsburg. They also report on the Battle of Seven Pines, which occurred just before Robert E. Lee became commander of the Confederate Army. The primary source for this lesson is a letter written by Union soldier O.W. Norton. News dispatches written as if from the Civil War era report that the Union has captured Memphis, a key location on the Mississippi River. They also report on continuing Union efforts to take Richmond. The primary source for this lesson is a letter from Union soldier Edward N. Boots. News dispatches written as if from the Civil War era report on fighting in Tennessee, as well as the arrest of the Confederate spy Belle Boyd. The primary source for this lesson is a letter from President Lincoln to Horace Greeley in which Lincoln explains that his objective is to preserve the Union. News dispatches written as if from the Civil War era report on resistance to draft laws, as well as the Confederate victory in the second Battle of Bull Run. The primary source for this lesson is an excerpt from the memoirs of Confederate officer Wayland F. Dunaway. News dispatches written as if from the Civil War era report on the Battle of Antietam, as well as the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation. The primary source for this lesson is an excerpt from the Emancipation Proclamation. After Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency. His approach to
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Determine Central Idea
Understand Cause and Effect
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category
Civil War and Reconstruction
Civil War and Reconstruction
Industrialization
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Lesson
Dig Deeper Summary Reconstruction differed from Lincoln's--he opposed efforts to extend more rights to former slaves, and he was not popular with either the Republicans or his own Democrats. Johnson's lack of political skill as compared to Lincoln's may have impacted the nation's road to recovery after the Civil War. Equal Rights for Slavery's legacy lasted long after the Civil War ended. All Men Jim Crow laws put an end to Reconstruction-era attempts to expand rights for African Americans in the South. These laws were abolished during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down a section of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. A Man of Not long after the University of South Carolina hired Courage Richard Theodore Greener in 1873, it changed its policies and stopped welcoming African Americans. This shift mirrored changes that took place in the Reconstruction Era. An attempt to expand rights for African Americans during Reconstruction fueled a white supremacist movement and led to a system of racial segregation. Sorry, We're All The 2007 land offer described on page 1 was not the Out of Free first such program in the U.S. In 1862, the U.S. Land government passed the Homestead Act, which allowed U.S. citizens to claim 160 acres of land. The act was meant to encourage settlement in the West, particularly among Union supporters during the Civil War. But the Homestead Act brought challenges to both settlers and the government.
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Cause and Effect
Understand Compare and Contrast
32
Category Industrialization
Industrialization
Industrialization
Industrialization
Industrialization
Industrialization
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
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Lesson Going Back Home
Dig Deeper Summary In 1864, the U.S. government forced the Navajo people to leave their land and make their way to a reservation. This became known as "The Long Walk." Words by Wire The invention of the transcontinental telegraph brought benefits but also negative consequences. By encouraging westward expansion, the telegraph contributed to the destruction of both the bison and the livelihood of Native Americans. For Joe The relationship between the Sioux and the U.S. Medicine Crow government was rocky. The two sides made many treaties, but the government repeatedly violated those treaties due to settlers' desire for Sioux land and its resources. The Annexation Beginning in the early 19th century, American missionaries began encouraging native Hawaiian people to convert to Christianity. Missionaries also brought other Western ideas to the islands. Camp Like The camp discussed on page 1 of the Article was built You’ve Never during the Gilded Age, which took place roughly Seen It between 1870 and 1900. This was a time of innovation and great wealth, though not everyone benefited from it. Busy, Busy The Industrial Revolution transformed the way goods Cities were manufactured in Europe and the U.S. It led to jobs that attracted people to cities. Living conditions in urban areas became crowded and unhealthy, leading to reforms to make cities more livable and attractive. W.E.B. Du Bois: Prominent civil rights leaders W.E.B. Du Bois and The Life of a Booker T. Washington had very different views on how Leader to achieve racial equality.
ELA Focus Understand Sequence of Events Determine Author's Purpose
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
33
Category Emergence of the Modern U.S.
Lesson Women Who Led the Way
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
On the Go
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
A Home in America
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
Fewer People Are Visiting the Woods
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
Did Apple Do Something Rotten?
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Dig Deeper Summary Before the 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote in the U.S., many areas in the West allowed for women's suffrage. This may have been due to a general reformist attitude in the West or an attempt to attract more women to the region. Railroads reached their peak in the U.S. in the early 20th century. After that, they went into decline, partly due to competition from the automobile. Today, many leaders are looking to trains to help reduce greenhouse emissions. Many Scandinavian immigrants settled in rural areas of the U.S. After leaving Europe for religious, political, or economic reasons, these settlers brought many aspects of their cultures to their new country and forged a lasting legacy. Americans long ago saw nature as something to be conquered, but by the last part of the 19th century, attitudes began to shift toward conservation. Beginning in the 1890s, the U.S. government began setting aside land in order to preserve it. In 2013, the U.S. Justice Department said that Apple broke an antitrust law. The U.S. had begun passing laws to regulate the power of companies in the late 19th century. President Theodore Roosevelt became known as the "trustbuster" for his efforts to control trusts, and the U.S. has since taken many actions to prevent companies from abusing their power.
ELA Focus Analyze Text Structure
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Compare and Contrast
Determine Central Idea
Cite Evidence
34
Category Emergence of the Modern U.S.
Lesson The Panama Canal Plan
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
Got (the Right) MIlk?
Emergence of the Modern U.S.
Our Great Migration
World War I and the Great Depression
Lost in the War
World War I and the Great Depression
In the Trenches
World War I and the Great Depression
Presidents for Peace
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Dig Deeper Summary The construction of the Panama Canal--and the way the U.S. handled it--was controversial. But it has changed commerce by shortening trade routes. Before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) existed, consumers had little guidance when buying many products, and there were few rules ensuring food safety. Revelations about unsanitary conditions at food processing plants led to a call for more oversight. Eventually, the FDA was formed. The Great Migration helped cement jazz and the blues into American culture. These musical genres were developed when slavery still existed and got passed down to new generations. People who migrated north brought jazz and the blues to cities such as Chicago. The U.S. initially took a neutral position during World War I, but Germany ultimately took issue with ongoing trade relations between the U.S. and Britain and France and threatened to sink U.S. ships in British or Irish waters. The situation escalated until eventually, the U.S. entered the war, allying itself with Britain and France. During World War I, soldiers on both sides used trench warfare to protect themselves from highly destructive weapons. Each side had its own system of trenches. Living in the trenches was difficult because the environment bred disease and the trenches themselves required constant repair. President Woodrow Wilson won the Nobel Prize for his efforts to create a peaceful world after World War I. His efforts, which included hopes for the Fourteen Points
ELA Focus Understand Sequence of Events Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Understand Cause and Effect
Summarize
Determine Author's Purpose
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Category
Lesson
World War I and the Great Depression
Where Dreams Were Put on Hold
World War I and the Great Depression
Closed for Repairs
World War I and the Great Depression
The Theater That Makes Stars
World War I and the Great Depression
Hard Times
World War I and the Great Depression
Steinbeck on Sale
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Dig Deeper Summary and the creation of the League of Nations, were not altogether successful. The U.S. has a history of laws and policies designed to limit immigration. Asian immigrants were targeted after the U.S. economy threatened jobs in the last part of the19th century. Angel Island opened in 1910, during an era of hostility toward Asian immigrants. Most of the immigrants who were processed at Ellis Island were subjected to physical examinations, as well as questions about their political beliefs. This was designed to screen immigrants who might be a threat to the U.S. population in some way. Some immigrants were denied entry to the U.S. based on the results of these inquiries. The artistry presented at the Apollo Theater often reflected the cultural and political atmosphere of the world outside the theater. The project described on page 1 of the Article includes interviews with some of the artists who made the theater famous. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal included the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA put people to work at a variety of jobs, though historians debate the impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression. In the 1930s, poor farming conditions and drought contributed to the Dust Bowl. The Roosevelt administration paid farmers not to plant crops, in order to preserve the land. Experts also planted trees and
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
Determine Author's Purpose
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category
Lesson
World War I and the Great Depression World War I and the Great Depression
The Magic of Oz
World War I and the Great Depression
Help People, Hurt Jobs?
World War I and the Great Depression
Children at Work
World War I and the Great Depression
Plug-in Cars Are Here
World War II
A Park for FDR
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The Lives They Lived
Dig Deeper Summary educated farmers on other practices that would promote healthy soil. Movies, as well as radio and sporting events, provided Americans with a temporary escape from the struggles of the Great Depression. In 1940, many Americans were still suffering from the effects of the Great Depression. During the Depression, many people migrated (often from the Midwest to the West) in search of greater opportunities. The federal minimum wage was created in 1938 as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Passed during the Roosevelt administration, the FLSA also set standards for working conditions and limited the types of jobs that could be performed by children. Child labor was common in the U.S. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. But beginning in 1916, the U.S. government passed legislation to regulate such labor. These laws did not stop all child labor, however. In 2011, charging stations for electric vehicles were still fairly uncommon. In the 1930s, the service that was relatively rare was electricity. While urban dwellers had electricity, many rural dwellers did not. In 1935, President Roosevelt created the Rural Electrification Administration, which helped spread access to electricity. Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his "Four Freedoms" speech in January 1941. At the time, Europe and Asia were involved in World War II, but the U.S. had not yet entered the war. In the speech, Roosevelt explained
ELA Focus
Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Cite Evidence
Understand Problem and Solution
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category
Lesson
World War II
A Place in History
World War II
A Soldier's Message of Hope
World War II
Goodbye to an American Hero
World War II
Brothers Forever
World War II
Code Talker Tells His Story
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Dig Deeper Summary what he felt was needed for a secure world: "four essential basic human freedoms." When Pearl Harbor was attacked in December 1941, the U.S. had not sent troops into World War II. But the attack prompted President Roosevelt to ask Congress for a formal declaration of war against Japan. The Pacific Theater of World War II was prompted by Japan's quest to gain control over lands and resources and its consequent aggression. Japan's advances continued until 1943, and it remained in the war until August 1945, when the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on two Japanese cities. Pressure from civil rights groups led the U.S. government to permit African Americans to fly for the military beginning in the 1940s. But since the military was racially segregated at the time, the government set up the Tuskegee Experiment. The Tuskegee Airmen became a valuable force for the U.S. After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, some questioned the loyalty of Japanese Americans. President Roosevelt ordered the establishment of internment camps. Thousands of families were forced to give up their livelihoods and move into these camps. The Navajo Code Talkers were put into service during World War II because Navajo has several characteristics that make it an ideal language for a code. The Japanese were unable to crack the code. Until recently, the Code Talkers had to remain secretive about their role in the war.
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Summarize
Analyze Text Stucture
Cite Evidence
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Category World War II
Lesson Women in the Military
World War II
Three War Heroes
Post-War United States
Germany Says Thank You to U.S. Soldiers
Post-War United States
First Soldiers, Then Students
Post-War United States
America Says "Thank You"
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Dig Deeper Summary Women served in both World War I and World War II. As yeomen during World War I, they did mostly clerical work. But during World War II, the government set up WAVES, whose members were essential to equipment maintenance and repairs. Eventually, the army branch of WAVES, called the WAAC, became the Women's Army Corps (WAC). Female pilots also played a crucial role during World War II. The Battle of the Bulge took place in December 1944, after a surprise German attack on American troops. The Americans managed to hold off the Germans while waiting for reinforcements. It was a significant Allied victory. U.S. troops received Germany's Gold Cross of Honour for rescuing German troops in Afghanistan in 2010. The Germans had been attacked by the Taliban. Germany has many troops in Afghanistan, some in areas that are becoming more violent. Passed in 1944, the GI Bill helps U.S. veterans attend college and receive job training. The GI Bill helped not only veterans but also the U.S. economy, because it allowed veterans to get jobs. African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latino Americans served in a segregated U.S. military during World War II. They faced prejudice both in the military and at home, even after having served their country. Their struggle called attention to injustice and helped prompt calls for equality in the military and in American society.
ELA Focus Determine Central Idea
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category Post-War United States
Lesson Truman Town
Post-War United States
The Candy Man
Post-War United States
U.S. Soldiers Go Above and Beyond
Cold War and Vietnam Era
Out of This World
Cold War and Vietnam Era
Case Against Rosenberg Falls Apart
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Dig Deeper Summary In the 1940s, President Harry S. Truman became aware of discrimination in the U.S. military. He investigated ways to improve the treatment of racial minorities both in the miltiary and in U.S. society. In 1948, Truman signed an executive order to integrate the military. After World War II, the Berlin Blockade prompted the U.S. to drop food and supplies into Berlin. Supplies dropped included coal, as well as food basics like dried potatoes and flour. The airlift ensured that the people of Berlin would survive for the duration of the blockade. The Korean War had its roots in the aftermath of World War II, when Korea was divided at the 38th parallel. The U.S. and the Soviet Union disagreed about the type of government a united Korea should have. Tensions ultimately led to a conflict, which ended in a stalemate in 1953. After World War II, the U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged as the world's "superpowers." The nations had different types of governments and shared a mutual distrust. As many nations needed rebuilding, questions arose as to which political philosophy these nations would embrace, leading to tensions between the superpowers and the development of the "cold war." During the time of the Rosenberg trial, many Americans feared the spread of communism. U.S. government employees were investigated to ensure their loyalty, and the hysteria spread to Hollywood as well. Many people were accused of having ties to the Communist Party, despite a lack of evidence.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
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Category Cold War and Vietnam Era
Cold War and Vietnam Era
The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement
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Lesson Making Changes at the Top
Dig Deeper Summary In the late 1940s, mutual distrust led the U.S. and the Soviet Union to enter a nuclear arms race. Both nations built up stores of nuclear weapons, each one trying to prove that it was more powerful and technologically advanced than the other. Vietnam: The Kent State shootings, which were discussed on Fighting page 1 of the Article, were the result of differing views Overseas and over the Vietnam War. In response to incidents at Kent at Home State and on other campuses, President Nixon ordered an investigation into campus violence. The resulting report recommended bringing the war to an end, called on colleges to be welcoming to varying viewpoints, and said that police and army personnel should receive training on how to handle protests. Teen Takes Her Several events led to the end of bus segregation in Place in History Montgomery, Alabama. Famously, NAACP member Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. This led pro-integration forces to boycott city buses. A 1956 lawsuit furthered this cause, prompting courts to rule that bus segregation was unconstitutional. An American The Little Rock Nine were part of a plan to integrate Hero public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. When they tried to attend Central High School, they were met with protesters who had the support of the governor of Arkansas. Ultimately, President Dwight D. Eisenhower had to send federal troops to protect the Little Rock Nine. Freedom Riders The Freedom Riders tested a 1960 Supreme Court decision that made it illegal to segregate restaurants at
ELA Focus Understand Sequence of Events
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
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Category
Lesson
The Civil Rights Movement
March: The Story Comes To Life
The Civil Rights Movement
Fifty Years Later
Contemporary United States
The Sounds of History
Contemporary United States
The Fish-Ins
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Dig Deeper Summary interstate bus stations due to the 1887 Interstate Commerce Act. (In an earlier decision, the court ruled that segregation on interstate buses was illegal.) The Freedom Riders were well aware that court decisions were not always enforced. In 1963, civil rights workers knew there was more work to be done in the struggle for equality, but they did not all agree on the best way to achieve their goals. Dr. Martin Luther King organized the March on Washington to bring civil rights groups together and present a united front. The 1964 Civil Rights Act originated with President John F. Kennedy, who called for legislation in response to ongoing racial tension and acts of violence against African Americans. Kennedy was not always willing to address civil rights, but his views evolved over time. After Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963, President Lyndon Johnson urged Congress to pass the Civil Rights Bill quickly. During the 1960s, many Americans worked on behalf of issues such as civil rights, peace, and the environment. Many American songs reflected these concerns. During the 1960s and 1970s, many Native Americans reacted to a long history of poor treatment by protesting. Groups like the American Indian Movement (AIM) aimed to regain tribal lands and address poverty and racism. Although such protests prompted the U.S. government to adopt new policies, many Native Americans continue to face poverty and discrimination.
ELA Focus
Determine Central Idea
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Sequence of Events
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Category Contemporary United States
Lesson A Secret Is Out
Contemporary United States
Why Is Gas So Cheap?
Contemporary United States
Still a Tough Road
Contemporary United States
Money Matters
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Dig Deeper Summary During the 1972 presidential campaign, President Nixon formed a group called CRP to support his re-election. Members of CRP broke into the Watergate building, where they tapped phones and stole documents. An investigation into the "Watergate scandal" showed that Nixon had been involved with these activities. In 1974, he stepped down as president. In 1973, the nation experienced a gas shortage as part of an overall energy crisis. One energy source was oil from the Middle East, which was controlled by a group called OPEC. In 1974, OPEC began an oil embargo for all nations that supported Israel, including the U.S. The energy crisis rippled through the economy. It also revealed the degree to which the U.S. relied on other countries as sources for its energy. Many advocates of gender equality believe in the need for an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The campaign for the ERA began in the 1920s, in response to a lack of opportunities for women. A new generation of women's rights activists took up the cause in the 1950s, their efforts gaining momentum in the decades that followed. As of 2014, the ERA remained unratified, and efforts to ensure gender equality continued. Page 1 of the Article discusses President Jimmy Carter, while page 2 discusses President Ronald Reagan. Reagan believed in a theory called "supply-side economics." He cut taxes for many Americans, particularly those with higher incomes, and reduced funding for many government programs.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Cause and Effect
Cite evidence
Understand Compare and Contrast
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Category Government/ Constitution
Government/ Constitution
Government/ Constitution
Government/ Judicial Branch
Government/ Political Behavior
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Lesson Starbucks Under Fire
Dig Deeper Summary Americans do not agree on the meaning of the Second Amendment, which has to do with the right bear arms. The amendment was likely influenced by English Common Law, as it was written at a time when the colonists who supported American independence believed in the right to raise militias to defend against the British Army. Did the Founding Fathers mean that individuals should have the right to bear arms as well? No Law Against Constitutional amendments are difficult to pass because Flag-Burning they can have far-reaching effects on American society. Read about the effect of the First Amendment on the debate about flag-burning, as well as an effort to pass an Equal Rights Amendment, which would have guaranteed equal rights for men and women. After Newtown Americans do not agree on whether the Second Amendment gives American individuals the right to bear arms. The amendment was written at a time when the colonists felt the need to defend themselves against the British Army but did not have an army. Another Chance When deciding whether older prisoners should be for a Better paroled, officials look at rates of recidivism. A 2010 Life? study showed that the rate of recidivism decreases with age. Who Will Run? Before he became the Republican candidate for president in the 2012 election, Mitt Romney faced challengers from his own party. Candidates are chosen during caucuses and primaries. Many people believe that although the primary process is long and costly, it is an important part of democracy.
ELA Focus Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze Text Stucture
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Category Economics/ Charitable Giving
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Lesson Still Giving
Dig Deeper Summary Ordinary people often donate to charity, and increasingly, they do so utilizing technology. Charitable organizations solicit donations through Twitter and Facebook, and donors can give by sending text messages. Using social media can be a powerful way to publicize a need.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
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Government and Electives The lessons below form the strategic curriculum for the U.S. Government and Electives course in Empower3000™–a strategic curriculum designed to differentiate literacy instruction and accelerate reading gains through the reading of nonfiction, content area texts. Each lesson includes two types of informational text: a relevant, high-interest news article and background information that connects the article to the content area topic.
U.S. Government and Electives Category Foundations
Lesson Even Jefferson Made Mistakes
First Amendment
It's Not Just the Clothes
First Amendment
A Rule Under Question
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Dig Deeper Summary When Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence, relations between the British and the American colonists were tense. Britain had imposed numerous laws and taxes on the colonists, and the colonists had repeatedly expressed their anger and frustration. Some communities continue to enforce public dress codes. Supporters of these dress codes say they maintain a community standard, while opponents say the First Amendment protects Americans from government restrictions on freedom of expression. Debate continues over how to balance public safety with the protection of Constitutional rights. The USA Patriot Act, which expanded the government's right to take part in surveillance activities, confiscate property, and conduct searches, is one centerpiece of the controversy.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category First Amendment
Lesson Which Law To Follow?
Fourth Amendment
Logging On To Stop Crime
Fifth Amendment
New Name Brings Old Pain
Executive Branch
Too Many Teen Smokers
Executive Branch
Saying Goodbye to a Pioneer
Executive Branch
For All Women
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Dig Deeper Summary The Amish men discussed in "Which Law To Follow" sued the government, citing the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of religion. Two clauses in this amendment pertain to freedom of religion: (1) the establishment clause and (2) the free exercise clause. The Fourth Amendment prevents the government from conducting "unreasonable searches and seizures," but this is subject to interpretation. When interpreting this amendment for specific cases, courts consider the "expectation of privacy." Courts have said that a Facebook account holder is not entitled to a reasonable expectation of privacy in regard to information on his or her page. Under eminent domain, the government can order people to leave their homes if the land is to be used for the good of the public. In some cases, however, it is not immediately clear whether the new use for the land will indeed benefit the public. Congress has passed laws to regulate certain activities, like smoking, but it doesn't enforce the laws. Federal agencies are responsible for setting rules that will govern how laws are enforced. The U.S. vice president runs in an election on a "ticket" with a presidential candidate. Traditionally, the vice president's only job has been to serve as a tie-breaker in the Senate. Today's vice presidents, however, take on a wider range of duties. The U.S. president can issue executive orders without the approval of Congress. This allows the president to
ELA Focus Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Cite Evidence
Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
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Category
Lesson
Executive Branch
Doing What's Right
Judicial System
For Armstrong, a Year To Forget
Supreme Court
Kagan Makes the High Court
Legislative and Regulatory Process U.S. Government Agencies
No More Loud Ads!
Powers of Government
What's in a Name?
Getting the Lead Out
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Dig Deeper Summary act quickly during times of crisis. Some executive orders have drawn criticism, however. Congress and the Supreme Court have the power to reverse or change such orders. A pardon is a method by which a person is legally forgiven for a crime. Presidents, governors, and mayors may all grant pardons, although doing so can cause controversy. In 2012, Lance Armstrong faced both criminal and civil charges. There are key differences between the two types of charges. The Supreme Court selects cases it will decide. It then reviews court documents, hears arguments, holds internal discussions, and considers precedents before reaching a ruling via majority vote. The Court issues its majority opinion, and if applicable, a dissenting opinion. The U.S. legislative process is complicated, as illustrated by a flow chart.
ELA Focus
Beginning in the early 20th century, the government began to make laws and regulations to ensure that consumer products were safe. Today, the Consumer Product Safety Commission is in charge of such laws and has the power to recall products it deems unsafe. For the most part, Americans are free to choose any baby names they would like. As adults, Americans also have the freedom to change their own names, but they
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category
Lesson
State Government
Hey, That's Our River, Too!
Comparative Government
Big Changes in Bhutan
International Law
Europe Says No to Animal Testing
International Relations
Leaders Promise To Help the World's Poor
International Relations
Turning the Tide?
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Dig Deeper Summary must make this change by going through the legal system. As of 2013, there was an ongoing dispute over the Georgia-Tennessee border. If the Supreme Court were to hear the case, it might rule according to precedent. In one case, the court ruled according to a previous agreement on water rights. In general, life in Bhutan has improved since it became a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. Its economy and quality of life are better, although some politicians have been charged with corruption. Meanwhile, Bhutan's king has worked to bridge the gap between tradition and change. Page 1 of the Article discusses the European Union (EU), a political and economic partnership of nations. The EU is rooted in the years after World War II, when some leaders thought a partnership would help ensure a lasting peace. While the EU has many supporters, it is not without its critics. Founded shortly after World War II, the United Nations has four purposes: to maintain peace and security, to promote friendly international relations, to promote cooperation and human rights, to cooperate in solving international problems and promoting human rights, and to be a center where nations can work together to attain these goals. Nations have struggled to find common ground on climate change. A 1997 agreement called the Kyoto Protocol set goals for the reduction of greenhouse gases,
ELA Focus
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Compare and Contrast
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Summarize
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category
Foreign Policy
How Markets Work
How Markets Work
How Markets Work
How Markets Work
Lesson
Dig Deeper Summary but not all nations agree to the terms and it has not been ratified. As of 2014, the world continued to produce greenhouse gases beyond the limits set by the protocol. What To Do In 2011, the U.S. placed diplomatic sanctions on Iceland about Iceland? in response to its whale-hunting activities. This is one example of a case in which the U.S. had an interest in trying to influence the activities of another nation. Imposing diplomatic sanctions is one way to do this; imposing economic sanctions is another. China Reaching China has undergone economic changes since the New Heights Communist Revolution. The nation's economy has moved from a planned command economy to a socialist market economy. But while the economy is more open to the free market, it is still somewhat controlled by the government. Farming for Food There are many different types of farms, according to the and Fun U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA distinguishes family farms by size. A graph shows that owners of smaller farms often make a large portion of their income outside of farming. Changes in Competition is necessary for economic growth. Hawaii Not So Competition is motivated by self-interest, in that Sweet companies do what they can to make money. It keeps prices in check and promotes efficiency and innovation. Pay for the An externality is a consequence experienced by a third Park? party as a result of an economic activity. Companies must take externalities into account as part of their "social cost," or the cost that society pays due to the production and consumption of a product or service.
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ELA Focus
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Determine Central Idea
Integrate and Evaluate Diverse Media
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category Economic Institutions and Organization s Government and the Economy Role of Government
Lesson Home Sweet Office
Rock Star Fights Hunger Spending Money to Save Money
Dig Deeper Summary ELA Focus According to the United States Small Business Analyze Multiple Texts Administration, an entrepreneur should take certain steps before opening a business, including having a business plan, choosing a good location, hiring the right people, and following business laws. Many people in the U.S. experience hunger. Two big Cite Evidence reasons for this are inflation and unemployment.
Public school funding comes from local and state governments, as well as the federal government. Not all schools receive the same funding because funding comes from tax revenue, and how much is collected and how it is allocated varies. Supply and Farming Makes a Farmers who participate in the organic and farm-to-table Demand Comeback movements may find these approaches economically viable if their product satisfies a need and consumers perceive that a difference in quality justifies a higher price. Supply and Hard Times, Grocery food prices and package size may be Demand More Chips determined by a number of factors, including supply and demand. Bankruptcy Save What does it mean when a municipality files for (Municipal) Chocolateville bankruptcy? It may not mean ruin; instead, it may mean an opportunity for reorganization under the protection that bankruptcy provides. Protectionism A New Way To Some people say the BerkShares program and others Make Money like it are a form of protectionism. Protectionism is a policy of instituting practices to encourage local trade.
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Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Cause and Effect Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category
Opportunity
International Trade
International Trade
Income Distribution
Consumer Behavior
Lesson
Dig Deeper Summary Consumers may have a long-term incentive to buy locally, and a strong, local community can lead to jobs. Should These One argument in support of paying college athletes is Players Be Paid? that playing college sports has an "opportunity cost." College athletes use money and time (and risk injury) while they are playing, and they may not get a job in professional sports after college. Cars Are India has experienced sweeping changes, which are Changing India largely due to globalization. Globalization is accomplished through international trade and outsourcing. Serious Fun in Due to rising wages, China is losing its comparative China advantage. A country has a comparative advantage if it can produce something at a lower cost than anyone else. In addition to expenses, comparative advantage can be related to opportunity cost, natural resources, and innovation. Coming Soon! Page 1 of the Article discusses rising incomes in Asia. More Theme Meanwhile, the middle class in the U.S. may be Parks in Asia disappearing. Economists have different ideas of what "middle class" means in the U.S., but they agree on some traits that make the middle class an important part of sustaining the economy. Paying the Price Taxes on junk food are controversial. Opponents say that the government should not interfere with what people eat. Most economists say that it's acceptable for the government to step in when the market fails to consider the public's well-being.
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ELA Focus
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
Cite Evidence
Cite Evidence
Cite Evidence
Analyze and Evaluate Arguments
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Category Economic DecisionMaking
Lesson Tiny Houses
Economic DecisionMaking
Let's Make a Deal!
Economic DecisionMaking
What's for Lunch?
Personal Financial Literacy
Money Tips for Teens
Personal Financial Literacy
Get a Job! Here's How
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Dig Deeper Summary When people consider whether to move into smaller homes, they'll likely consider trade-offs and opportunity costs. A trade-off is the action of choosing one thing over another due to scarcity of resources. Trade-offs create opportunity costs, the resources that are given up due to the choosing of one thing over another. Some retailers employ strategies that encourage consumers to engage in impulse buying. Impulse buying works because it's often emotional rather than practical, and because it's easy, particularly online. Consumers can take steps to make sure that they are not lured into impulse buying. Researchers are interested in consumer behavior, which involves several concepts. Psychological concepts like motivation, personality, perception, learning, values, and attitudes can impact consumer behavior. Researchers interested in consumer behavior study social anthropology, as well as basic economics concepts such as utility and scarcity of resources. Credit cards must be handled responsibly. When people use them to buy things they can't afford, they end up unable to pay their bills, leading to added interest. It is best for people to limit credit card purchases so they can pay off their bills each month. Online job sites have made job hunting easier. Users should have updated resumes and should understand how to connect with a network of people who may have important job leads.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Determine Central Idea
Cite Evidence
Determine Author's Purpose
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Category Personal Financial Literacy
Lesson Right on the Money
Careers
Love To Fly? Be a Pilot (Pilot: Commercial) Tree Doctors (Arborist)
Careers
Careers
Bringing Science To Life (Biochemist)
Careers
911...What's Your Emergency? (Emergency Dispatcher) Call the Car Doctor! (Auto Mechanic)
Careers
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Dig Deeper Summary Money management is all about figuring out what to do with your money—how much to spend, how much to save, and how much to invest. Here are some tips for saving and investing money. New Federal Aviation Administration requirements call for commercial pilots to have additional training in ways to handle mechanical failures and other emergencies. In 2013, a group of arborists in California were unable to save a tree that was planted by naturalist John Muir—so they cloned it. The clone could be vulnerable to the same fungus that infected the original tree. Some biochemists are working to engineer foods to replace those that are sometimes produced in a controversial way. Some of the replacements would address animal cruelty or be more environmentally sustainable. Not everyone believes the new foods are good substitutes, however. Two stories about 911 calls show how dispatchers must be effective and reassuring communicators.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Each year, Ford and the auto service organization AAA run an automotive skills competition for high school students. Ford wants to prepare the next generation of automobile experts in a world where automobiles are becoming increasingly complex and knowledgeable mechanics are needed.
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
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Category Careers
Lesson HHAs: Caring at Home (Home Health Aide)
Careers
Look at This! (Optometrist)
Careers
These Agents Have You Covered! (Insurance Agent) Bringing Computers to Life (Computer Software Engineer) Get in the Game: Trainers Needed! (Athletic Trainer) Electricians: Wired for the Future (Electricians)
Careers
Careers
Careers
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Dig Deeper Summary Under new rules, home health aides will no longer be exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. This means they will receive at least minimum wage and be eligible for overtime pay. Some optometrists are using a Nintendo game system to help diagnose vision problems in young children. The system generates 3-D images in a particular way, allowing optometrists to see the way the eyes move. However, some opthalmologists believe this technique may not work. Flood victims in Colorado found that the insurance they had did not provide the correct or adequate coverage for their needs.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
The demand for computer software engineers is growing, Summarize but there are relatively few females in this profession. Two researchers found that women may have a different experience with software--and in the computer field--than men do. EXOS is an injury rehabilitation center where athletes Summarize and military personnel train side by side.
The need for electricians is growing, and apprenticeships can help meet that need.
Cite Evidence
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Category Psychology
Lesson No Fair! (Scientific Method)
Psychology
Is That Real? (Sensation and Perception)
Psychology
Music for Your Mind (Biological Psycholog) Forgot Something? Sleep On It (Consciousness) The Robot Teacher (Emotions)
Psychology
Psychology
Psychology
Write It Down! (Emotions)
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Dig Deeper Summary Researchers studying human and animal behavior conduct descriptive, correlational, and experimental research. Experimental research, such as the canine fairness study described on page 1 of the Article, involves a controlled environment. The art described on page 1 of the Article requires depth perception to be understood. Depth perception involves the judgments we make about the distances of objects. It involves the brain's use of various cues, including linear perspective and texture gradient. The brain changes upon learning or suffering an injury. This is called plasticity. The brain even changes when a person exercises. Research shows that there are five different stages of sleep, each of which involves different types of brain activity. The dream stage seems to be particularly important for learning and memory. Emotion involves three components: physical, behavioral, and cognitive. Psychologists debate the order in which these components manifest themselves. The robot called Saya, discussed on page 1 of the Article, is not capable of all the components of emotions, the way humans are. Studies show that a low level of anxiety can actually help people perform well on tests. A 1908 experiment showed that rats that received a mild shock actually performed better in a maze. But this optimal level of arousal can vary, depending on the required task, our familiarity with it, and our surroundings.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Summarize
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category Psychology
Psychology
Psychology
Psychology
Psychology
Psychology
Psychology
Lesson What Kind of Cat Are You? (Personality) A Test To Remember (Memory)
Dig Deeper Summary Personality refers to patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. There are various personality tests, and they are either objective or projective. Memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information. This information may be stored in our shortterm or long-term memories. Moving memory into the long-term storage area may require the use of reinforcement techniques. Less Talk, More The effectiveness of teaching methods may be explained Doing? (Memory by Cognitive Load Theory. Cognitive load, the amount of and Cognition) information that a person is trying to process at any one time, may speed up or slow down learning, depending on the way new information is presented. The New ASIMO There is more than one theory of intelligence. They (Intelligence) include the theory of general intelligence, as well as theories that people have different levels of various types of intelligence. Steps to Good People can change their habits and achieve their goals Health when they exhibit self-control. Scientists have observed (Motivation) that people exercise better self-control when they think about what they should do rather than what they shouldn't, when they plan ahead, and when they strengthen their self-control by using it again and again. The Bright Side People can learn to associate two or more stimuli or of Seeing Red events with each other through classical conditioning. (Learning) Dogs were the subjects of studies in classical conditioning by Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov. Say "Please" and Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which people Win (Learning) associate behaviors with their consequences. If a
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ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Cite Evidence
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
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Category
Lesson
Psychology
What Adults Can Learn From Babies (Language Development) What Would You Do? (Moral Development)
Psychology
Psychology
The Brain Question (Psychosocial Development)
Psychology
It's Who You Know (Social Psychology)
Psychology
Send in the Clowns (Social Psychology) New Help for Soldiers (Abnormal Psychology)
Psychology
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Dig Deeper Summary behavior has a satisfying outcome, we're likely to repeat that behavior. Conversely, we are less likely to repeat behaviors that have an unpleasant outcome. Normal language development involves a series of milestones, which are the same regardless of the language. Bilingual babies engage in language blending-the combining of the two languages--until a certain age.
ELA Focus
According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, there are six stages of moral judgment. Young children start with stage one and progress from there. Most people never reach stage six. When people experience less face-to-face interaction, they may lack social skills. According to psychologist Erik Erikson, there are eight stages of psychosocial development. Our social interactions have a major effect on how these stages play out. Social influence occurs whenever a person's behavior is affected by the presence or social forces of other people. There are different types of social influence, including conformity, compliance, and obedience. A problem involves any situation that differs from a desired goal. Problem solving is the process of reaching that goal. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves an abnormal response to some sort of traumatic event. There are various ways to distinguish PTSD from normal reactions. If PTSD is diagnosed, it can be treated.
Cite Evidence
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Analyze Multiple Texts
Understand Problem and Solution Summarize
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Category Psychology
Lesson Lunchrooms Get “Smart” (Applications of Psychology)
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Dig Deeper Summary Research has suggested reasons why people make particular eating choices. Researcher Brian Wansink watches how people interact with food. Many of their behaviors are subconscious. He has observed, for example, that plate size can impact the amount of food that people eat.
ELA Focus Analyze Multiple Texts
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