Florida Cause of Leak Study
Background Info – Florida’s Tanks Program
2005 Single-wall USTs 60%
ASTs with Secondary Containment 80%
18,040
16,286
ASTs
USTs
3,954
11,937 Source - STCM, Feb 05
Double-wall USTs - 40%
Single-wall ASTs - 20%
Total Facility Inspections Performed in Florida
Source: STCM, Feb 05
35000 30000 25000 20000 Inspections 15000 10000 5000 0 '84
'86
'88
'90
'92
'94
'96
'98
'00
'02
'04
436,121 Total Inspections Performed
Petroleum Discharge Report Forms Received Discharges
Source: STCM, Feb 05
7000 6303
6000 5000 4000 3467 3385
3000 2341
2330
2000
1834 1775 1374
1000 0
1010 326 141 4 18 19 53
1298 1206 1271 987 881 597504537615564
'80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04
32,769 Total Discharge Report Forms Received
23
Post-1998 Petroleum Discharge Report Forms Received Source: STCM, Feb 05
Discharges 1400
1271
1200 1000
881
800
597
600
504
537
615
564
400 200
23
0 '98
'99
'00
'01
'02
'03
'04
4992 Post-1998 Discharge Report Forms Received
'05
Summary - Florida Cause of Leak Study
¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
Florida Identified Reported Releases (1995-2002) Florida Contracted with County Inspectors to Review Release Sites and Document Information Completed Forms Sent to EPA for Data Entry & Analysis Various Quality Control Steps Current Status - EPA Report is ready for Peer Review
Methodology
Invalid Files Include: •Releases from Bare Steel UST Systems •Release From Non-Compliant Component •Release of Old UST/AST Found at Closure •Unknown Sources
Size of Study 2280 Release Files Reviewed 642 Valid Release Files 512 UST Releases 130 AST Releases
AST Results
Sources of Releases Other 16%
Dispenser 12%
Tank 5%
Delivery 32%
Piping 35%
Other Sources Include: Fuel Filters, Outlet Valve, and Human Spilling
Causes of Releases Other 16%
Phys/Mech Damage 19%
Loose Unknown Component 8% 12% Corrosion 9% Spill/Overfill 36%
Other Causes Include: Vandalism, Valve Failure, Contractor Accident, Other Human Error
Causes of Piping Release Phys/Mech Damage 29%
Corrosion 26%
Puncture 2% Other 9% Unknown 13%
Loose Component 21%
Method of Detection Closure/ Removal 8%
Other 2%
Leak Detection 22%
Visual/ Olfactory 68%
Success of Leak Detection LD Detected 22%
LD Failed 8% LD Unable, or Unknow n 70%
LD Unable, or Unknown: Either the release came from a part of the system that a LD system was not designed to detect, or the inspector could not determine whether LD failed to detect.
Overfills and Piping
UST Results
Sources of Releases - USTs Turbine P ump 10% Other 11%
Dispenser 25%
Tank 12% Spill/Overfill in Fill A rea 19%
P iping 23%
- Tank Usage Versus Releases 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
% releases
er th O
lad C
as rg l
Fi be
St
ee
s
l
% usage
Clad Tanks Had Relatively Fewer Releases
- Causes of Tank Releases Other 13% Unknown 14% Phys/Mech Damage 22%
Loose Component 8%Corrosion 16% Puncture 27%
Primary Cause of Steel Tank Release – Corrosion Primary Cause of Fiberglass Tank Release - Puncture
- Piping Usage Versus Releases 80 60 % release
40
%usage
20 0 Steel
Fiberglass
Flexible Plastic
Further Analysis Required to Determine Statistical Significance
- Causes of Piping Releases Corrosion Puncture 7% 15% Other 16% Unknown 20%
Phys/Mech Damage 22%
Loose Component 20%
•Primary Cause of Steel Piping Release – Corrosion •Primary Cause of Fiberglass Piping Release – Loose Component
•Primary Cause of Flexible Plastic Piping – Phys/Mech Damage
Summary of Causes - USTs Other 16% Unknown 17% Phys/Mech Damage 13%
Overfill 12%
Loose Component 18% Corrosion 4% Puncture 8% Spill 12%
Other Releases Include: Delivery to Monitoring Well, Vehicle Accident, Improper Installation, Vandalism
- Success of Leak Detection LD Detected 25% LD Unable, or Unknown 50% LD Failed 25% LD Unable, or Unknown: Either the release came from a part of the system that a LD system was not designed to detect, or the inspector could not determine whether LD failed to detect.
- Method of Detection % of Detections 40 30 20 10
Visual/ Olfactory Leak Detection
Closure/ Removal
Compliance Inspector
Other
0 Other Methods Include: Unscheduled TTT/LTT, Dispenser Upgrades, Maintenance Inspections, Water in Tank
Piping, Dispensers & Spill Buckets
Florida Leak Autopsy Study •Field-verified, Quality assurance •County Tanks Inspectors Complete Forms •Continuation of Florida Cause of Leak Study •Data compared to Forms submitted by tank owners
Material
Other Attributes
Ancillary Equipment
Galvanized Steel
Sacrificial Anodes
Spill Containment Bucket
Fiberglass
Impressed Current System
No Spill Containment
Composite
Internal Lining
Overfill Protection
Unprotected Steel
Single Wall
Ball Check Valve
Other Approved
Double Wall (same material)
Flow Shut-Off
Concrete
Double Wall (different material)
Tight Fill
Polyethylene
Secondary Containment with a liner
Alarm System
Unknown
Other Approved (Tank Bladders, etc.)
Remote Fill
Other (Specify)
Compartmented
No Overfill Protection
External Liner
Other (Specify)
Florida Leak Autopsy Study Four Page Form
Florida Leak Autopsy Forms 1 Jan 03 – 1 Mar 05 Valid AST Discharges 30%
Invalid AST Forms 2%
•859 Forms Forms under investigation 1%
Valid UST Discharges 34%
Invalid UST Forms 33%
UST Sources Dispenser & Piping Sumps 1%
Dispensers 16%
Line Leak Detectors 2% Overfills Submersible Turbine 5% Pumps 4%
Piping 18%
Spill Buckets 31%
305 Valid Forms Fill Pipes 3%
Tanks 10%
Flex connectors & Swing joints 4%
Vehicles, Vapor recovery, vent lines, vandalism and shear valves 6%
Tanks – 10% Double-wall tanks – 2% Single-Wall Fiberglass Tanks
14
2
Single-Wall Internally Lined Tanks
5 1
Single-Wall Composite Tanks
5
1
2 Unknown
Double-Wall Fiberglass Tanks Double-Wall Composite Tanks
Single-Wall Protected Steel Tanks
Piping – 18% Double-wall piping –9% Double-Wall Fiberglass Piping
4
15
Single-Wall 10 Protected Steel Piping
24 Double-Wall Thermoplastic Flexible Piping
Single-Wall Fiberglass Piping
3 Other Single-Wall Pipe – (Copper)
Sources - >2003 Piping 22% Overfills/Spills/ Spill Buckets 39%
Dispensers 18% Submersible Turbine Pumps 4%
Other 13%
Tanks 10%
Sources -
