CONTENTS Cooking Show

“The Secret Ingredient” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 illustrated by Lee White

Build Fluency • Read with expression. • Pause between groups of words for appropriate phrasing. Build Vocabulary • Read, write, and learn the meanings of new words. Review Vocabulary • Read theme Vocabulary Words in a different context.

Expository Nonfiction

“Ants” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 illustrated by Frank Ippolito

Ask Questions • Review how to ask questions to clarify understanding. Use Graphic Organizers • Review how to use a graphic organizer to find and write about events in order.

First Event Next Event Next Event Last Event

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r TheaWte ’ s r e Rea d G SHO CO O K I

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Rea d i n g N o n f i c t i o n E X P O S I T O RY N O N F I C T I O N

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eminent charity modest disgruntled inadequate aghast dismayed amends absentminded concoction

Reading for Fluency When reading a script aloud, • Think about how the characters feel to help you read with expression. • Pay attention to phrasing by pausing between groups of words that go together.

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Characters Narrator Debbie, TV host Chef Rudy Patrick, camera operator Elisa, director Jessica, assistant Marco, assistant Audience Narrator: We are on the set of the popular cooking show, Delicious Dinners with Debbie. The audience members enter and sit. Debbie: Chef Rudy, I’m so grateful that you’ve agreed to appear on our show and prepare your famous chili recipe! Chef Rudy: Well, even an eminent chef should do charity work once in a while. Your viewers deserve an opportunity to see me work my magic. Narrator: Patrick nudges Elisa. Patrick: Modest, is he?

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Narrator: Chef Rudy gives the kitchen a disgruntled look. Chef Rudy: Am I expected to prepare my masterpiece in these inadequate conditions? Elisa: We brought in all of the equipment you asked for. Debbie: We had an extra cleaning crew here last night, too. Narrator: Chef Rudy runs a finger across the counter top and looks at his finger, frowning. Debbie: Don’t fret, Chef Rudy. The show is going to be great! Chef Rudy: Of course the show will be great. I am Chef Rudy Lancaster, the Chief of Chili, the Prime Minister of Peppers, the Sultan of Spice! Marco: Chef Rudy? Chef Rudy: What’s wrong? Shouldn’t you two be chopping and measuring my ingredients so that everything is ready? Jessica: Yes, except . . . Marco: We can’t find one of the ingredients. Chef Rudy: All of my ingredients are crucial! Which one is missing? Jessica: Your own special canned tomatoes. Marco: We can’t find them anywhere. Narrator: Chef Rudy looks aghast. Debbie: Don’t be dismayed, Chef Rudy. We’ll send someone to the store to buy canned tomatoes. Chef Rudy: I can’t use ordinary canned tomatoes. My zesty tomatoes are canned especially for me in Mexico. They’re what make my chili irresistible! Elisa: I have a friend who lives down the street. She grows tomatoes in her backyard. They’re not from Mexico, but they’re the best in town. Patrick: It’s worth a try, don’t you think? What have you got to lose? Chef Rudy: I suppose I have no choice, but my chili won’t be the same. Debbie: Meanwhile, Chef Rudy, why don’t you work out the proportions for the fresh tomatoes?

Flue ncy Tip Jessica and Marco are nervous. How can you use your voice to show this emotion?

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Narrator: While Chef Rudy amends his recipe, Marco and Jessica whisper to each other. Marco: This is my fault. I’m always so absentminded. Jessica: No. I was in charge of bringing the ingredients. It’s my fault. Narrator: Elisa walks in holding a basket of tomatoes. Elisa: Here’s a basket of the sweetest, tangiest tomatoes on the planet. Chef Rudy: And here is the revised recipe. Debbie: The show will start soon. If we all work together, we can get the ingredients ready in time. Elisa: I’ll rinse and chop the tomatoes.

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Patrick: I’ll chop the garlic and onions. Jessica: I’ll take care of the chili peppers. Marco: I’ll measure the spices. Elisa: Places, everyone. One minute to showtime! Narrator: Chef Rudy and Debbie stand behind the table and look into the camera. Patrick moves behind the camera. Elisa: We’re live in 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Debbie: Welcome to Delicious Dinners with Debbie. I’m your host, Debbie DeVille. Audience: Hello, Debbie! Debbie: Today we have a very special guest on our show. All the way from El Paso, Texas, the internationally famous Chef Rudy Lancaster! Audience: Hello, Chef Rudy! Chef Rudy: Today, I’m going to make some out-of-this-world chili.

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Flue ncy Tip Audience: We can’t wait! Chef Rudy: The recipe takes one pound of ground beef, three cups of fresh, hand-chopped tomatoes, two chopped chili peppers with seeds removed, one chopped garlic clove, one chopped onion, spices, salt, and one secret ingredient. Audience: Ooooh, a secret ingredient! Narrator: Chef Rudy places a pan on the stove, puts the beef in it, and starts to cook. Chef Rudy: Now, we add the onion and garlic. Debbie, would you help me? Debbie: Sure thing. Chef Rudy: Sauté the mixture until the onion softens. Then drain the mixture and transfer it to a large pot.

Read groups of words in chunks to make your phrasing sound natural.

Debbie: What’s next? Chef Rudy: Next, we mix in the handchopped tomatoes. Now we add the spices, and don’t forget the chopped chili peppers. Finally, we add the secret ingredient . . . Narrator: Smiling, Chef Rudy reaches into his pocket. His smile turns to a frown as he frantically searches all of his pockets. Chef Rudy: I can’t find it! Without the secret ingredient, my chili will be so . . . ordinary! Debbie: We’ll be back to Delicious Dinners with Debbie after these messages.

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Flue ncy Tip Imagine that you are in your character’s particular situation. Your expression should show the character’s feelings.

Narrator: Patrick turns off the camera. Debbie, Marco, and Jessica sneak tastes of the chili. Marco and Jessica: It’s . . . delicious! Debbie: This is the best chili I’ve ever had! Chef Rudy: Impossible! It can’t be any good without my own special canned tomatoes and the secret ingredient. Debbie: I assure you, there is no better chili than this. Chef Rudy: Do you really think so? Narrator: He tastes the chili and smacks his lips. Chef Rudy: Hmmm . . . you may be right! Elisa: Places, everyone. We’re live in 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.

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Debbie: Welcome back to Delicious Dinners with Debbie. Chef Rudy: I have exciting news. Audience: Did you find the secret ingredient? Chef Rudy: No. As of today, I’ve changed my recipe! Audience: What do you mean? Chef Rudy: We had to improvise with the ingredients today. Much to my surprise, we’ve created a new chili that puts my old chili to shame! Debbie: What made the difference? Chef Rudy: It was the tomatoes. I never envisioned that fresh, homegrown tomatoes could be better than my own special canned tomatoes. They make my chili taste . . . fresher! Debbie: It’s time for another short commercial break. When we come back, we’ll see how the audience likes Chef Rudy’s newest concoction. Audience: We can’t wait!

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Narrator: Marco and Jessica pass out bowls of chili to the audience. Debbie: We’re back, and Chef Rudy’s new, improved chili is ready for tasting. Chef Rudy: Is the audience ready? Audience: Yes! Narrator: The audience eagerly tries the chili. Audience: Wow! This chili is great! Debbie: Is there anything you would change about Chef Rudy’s recipe? Audience: No! Not a thing! It’s perfect!

Chef Rudy: Of course it’s perfect. It’s made with hand-chopped, homegrown tomatoes! Audience: Hooray for the homegrown tomatoes! Debbie: That’s all the time we have for today. Thanks for watching Delicious Dinners with Debbie. Good night! Narrator: Patrick turns off the camera. The audience leaves the studio. Patrick, Elisa, Marco, and Jessica join Debbie and Chef Rudy on the set. Everyone is smiling.

Flue ncy Tip Use punctuation to adjust your phrasing. Words set off by commas often form a phrase and indicate where you should pause.

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Elisa: Great show, everybody! Chef Rudy: It certainly was. Thanks to all of you, we created a masterpiece! I want to thank everyone. Marco, Jessica, Debbie, Elisa, and Patrick: You’re welcome, Chef Rudy. Chef Rudy: I also want to apologize for my earlier behavior. Sometimes I tend to act a bit self-important. Patrick: We know you just want everything to be perfect. Elisa: The situation looked grim for a while, but we did it.

Debbie: Little did we know that our solution to the crisis would make the chili better than ever! Chef Rudy: Yes, my chili recipe is much better, thanks to the new secret ingredient—teamwork! Jessica: Teamwork! Does that mean we can all call ourselves Chiefs of Chili? Marco: Prime Ministers of Peppers? Patrick: Sultans of Spice? Chef Rudy: Well, let’s not get too carried away!

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Lesson 10

Reading Expository Nonfiction Bridge to Reading for Information Expository nonfiction gives facts and information about a reallife subject. The notes on page 263 point out features of expository nonfiction, including subheads and illustration labels. These features provide information that can help you locate information.

Review the Focus Strategies If you do not understand what you are reading, use the strategies you learned about in this theme.

Ask Questions Ask yourself questions before, during, and after you read. Think about the information the author is sharing. What is the text mostly about?

Use Graphic Organizers Use graphic organizers to keep track of important ideas. Fill in information about the text as you read.

As you read “Ants” on pages 264–267, think about where and how to use comprehension strategies.

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KEY A key is a list of symbols, numbers, or abbreviations that provide information about a diagram.

1

2

3 4 5

ANTENNAE The antennae are used for smelling, touching, feeling movement, and tasting. COMPOUND EYE Ants see through compound eyes that are made up of tiny lenses.

HEAD THORAX WAIST

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No matter where you live, you’ve probably come across a trail of marching ants. That’s because ants are found in any type of climate as long as it is not extremely cold. There are almost 20,000 different species of ants. Some are as small as a grain of salt. Others are more than an inch long. However, no matter their size, ants are extremely strong. Some can lift up to 50 times their body weight.

KINDS OF ANTS Different kinds of ants have different ways of life. Some ants, such as harvester ants, gather and store seeds and food in their nests. Fungus-growing ants carry plant pieces to their nests where they grow and harvest fungus to eat. Another type of ant, the dairying ant, grows and protects a type of insect that produces honeydew, a sweet liquid ants drink.

4 5

6 7

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ABDOMEN GASTER The gaster is the second half of the abdomen. The ant’s stomach is located in the gaster. STINGER Some ants have a stinger at the end of the gaster.

9 SIX LEGS 10 MANDIBLES Mandibles are used to dig, fight, and carry objects.

3 2

1

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SUBHEAD Subheads are words or phrases that describe sections of text.

LABELS Illustrations or diagrams may include labels to identify their parts. These numbers correspond to those in the key.

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Apply the Strategies Read this text about ants and their community. As you read, use different comprehension strategies, such as asking questions, to help you understand the text.

6

No matter where you live, you’ve probably come across a trail of marching ants. That’s because ants are found in any type of climate as long as it is not extremely cold. There are almost 20,000 different species of ants. Some are as small as a grain of salt. Others are more than an inch long. However, no matter their size, ants are extremely strong. Some can lift up to 50 times their body weight.

KINDS OF ANTS Different kinds of ants have different ways of life. Some ants, such as harvester ants, gather and store seeds and food in their nests. Fungus-growing ants carry plant pieces to their nests where they grow and harvest fungus to eat. Another type of ant, the dairying ant, grows and protects a type of insect that produces honeydew, a sweet liquid ants drink.

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d Stop an Think As you read, ask questions such as How strong are ants? ASK QUESTIONS

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3 4 5

ANTENNAE The antennae are used for smelling, touching, feeling movement, and tasting. COMPOUND EYE Ants see through compound eyes that are made up of tiny lenses.

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HEAD THORAX WAIST

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8

ABDOMEN GASTER The gaster is the second half of the abdomen. The ant’s stomach is located in the gaster. STINGER Some ants have a stinger at the end of the gaster.

SIX LEGS 10 MANDIBLES Mandibles are used to dig, fight, and carry objects.

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3 2

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THE SOCIAL INSECT Ants are social insects. This means that they live in organized communities called colonies. Most colonies consist of many worker ants and one or more queen ants. The worker ants build the nests. NEST CHAMBERS Most ants build their nests underground. Some of these nests are large—as big as a tennis court. Large nests are made up of different chambers. IMPORTANCE OF ANTS Ants have an important role in the world. They are a food source for many animals, such as birds, lizards, anteaters, monkeys, and frogs. Ants also eat small insects such as termites and keep their numbers from getting too big. Additionally, ants break up soil when they build their nests. This makes the soil better for growing plants. Ants are part of the balance of nature.

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d Stop an Think How can you use this graphic organizer to help you understand the text? USE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

Nurseries Worker ants care for larvae and pupae here. Worker Resting Chambers Most chambers are for adult worker ants.

Queen’s Chamber The queen ant has her own chamber. Here, the queen lays her eggs. Worker ants go to the chamber to feed the queen. They also collect her eggs and take them to the nurseries.

New Chamber Ants are continuously building.

Storage Chambers Ants that collect or grow their own food build food-storage chambers.

Winter Quarters Deep underground, chambers are warmer than up by the topsoil. Ants live here when the weather turns cold.

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