FIRE AND MATERIALS 2013

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Our sponsors FIRE AND MATERIALS 2013 13th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION 28-30 January 2013 San Francisco, USA Organ...
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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Our sponsors

FIRE AND MATERIALS 2013 13th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION

28-30 January 2013 San Francisco, USA Organised by www.intersciencecomms.co.uk

FIRE AND MATERIALS 2013 Thirteenth international conference

San Francisco, California USA 28th - 30th January

Published by

London, UK

www.intersciencecomms.co.uk

Proceedings of the Fire and Materials 2013 Conference held at the Hyatt Hotel Fisherman’s Wharf Hotel, San Francisco, California, USA 28-30 January 2013

A conference organised by Interscience Communications Ltd West Yard House Guildford Grove, Greenwich LONDON SE10 8JT England

©

Copyright Interscience Communications Limited, 2013 Except NIST papers

Fire and Materials 2013 pp 816 with 178 tables and 520 illustrations

ORGANISING COMMITTEE Vytenis Babrauskas Stephen Grayson Marcelo Hirschler Marc Janssens Patrick van Hees

Fire Science and Technology Inc., USA Interscience Communications, UK GBH International, USA Southwest Research Institute, USA Lund University, Sweden

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the Publisher. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the materials herein.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Recent Developments in Material Flammability Testing and Modeling ............................................... 001 Marc L. Janssens, Southwest Research Institute European Harmonization: The Move to the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), What Difference Will It Make to The Constrution Industry? ................................................................. 013 Christine Lukas ,Dow Chemical Company Ltd., UK and CEPMC, Belgium , Oscar Nieto CEPMC, Belgium Assessment of The Fire Performance Of Electric Cables in The European Construction..................... 023 Products Regulations (Including Description of Extended Application Procedures) Björn Sundström, Michael Försth, Patrik Johansson, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Fire Technology, Sweden, Steve Grayson, Interscience Communications Ltd, U.K. Fire Testing of Low Slope Roof Assemblies An International Review..................................................... 035 Birgitte Messerschmidt, Rockwool International A/S,Denmark &John Scott, Roxul Inc. Canada Comparative Assessment on Burning Characteristics of Electric Cables ............................................... 047 Koichi Yoshida, The Ships Equipment Inspection Society of Japan (HK), K Matsuyama, Tokyo University of Science, K Wakatsuki, NRIFD, T Fukaya ,JECTEC, M Watanabe, JCMA, Japan, and S Messa, LSF, Italy Multiple Horizontal Cable Tray Fire in Open Atmosphere...................................................................... 057 Pascal Zavaleta, Stéphane Charbaut, Guillaume Basso, Laurent Audouin, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), France The Effectiveness of Coatings on The Flame Spread Behavior of Electric Cables ................................. 069 Daniel A. Boardman & M. Khan, FM Global, USA An Experimental Study of Smoke Generated from Solid Fuels ............................................................... 079 Dong Zeng, M Chaos, M Khan, and S Dorofeev, FM Global, USA Development of Smoke Damage Functions for Warehouse Applications ................................................ 091 Jeffrey S. Newman, G. Yee and P Su, FM Global, USA Effects of Under-Ventilated Conditions on The Reaction-To-Fire of a Polyisocyanurate Foam........... 103 Damien M. Marquis, É Guillaume, Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais , France Use Of TD-GC-MS Technique In Evaluation Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Cone ............... 115 Calorimeter And Smoke Density Chamber Tests Of Flame Retarded Rigid Polyurethane Foams Elizabeth Weckman, D Adeosun , B Epling University of Waterloo, Canada The Influence of Damage to Passive Fire Protection Systems Caused by Earthquakes ........................ 127 and Defects in General Peter C. R. Collier, BRANZ Limited, New Zealand Material Dependence of a Passive House in Case Of Fire......................................................................... 139 Tom Molkens, StuBeCo bvba, Belgium A Multiaxial Constitutive Model for Concrete in the Fire Situation ....................................................... 149 Thomas Gernay The National Fund for Scientific Research, & J-M Franssen, University of Liege, Belgium

Numerical Analysis of Cold-Formed Steel Beams in Fire ......................................................................... 163 Luís Laím, João P. C. Rodrigues & Luís S. Silva, University of Coimbra, Portugal Experimental Assessment of The Effect of The Real Flame Emissivity for Steel Elements ................... 175 Engulfed Into Fire Nicola Tondini, University of Trento, Italy, O Vassart, ArcelorMittal Luxenbourg, and & J-M Franssen, University of Liege, Belgium Behaviour of an Intumescing System Subjected to Different Heating Conditions ................................. 187 Nils Johansson & Patrick van Hees, Lund University, Robert Jansson & Johan Sjöström, SP Fire Technology, Sweden Fire Resistance Tests on Cross-Laminated Timber Floor Panels ............................................................ 197 Marc Aguanno, George Hadjisophocleous Carleton University& Steven Craft CHM Fire Consultants Ltd, Canada Modeling the Thermal and Structural Behavior Of Wood Beams in a Fire Environment .................... 209 Mahmood Tabaddor, UL, USA An Intermediate-Scale Fire Testing Approach on the Structural Integrity of Lightweight ................. 221 Materials Andreas Hörold, B Schartel, VTrappe, M Korzen, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany Addressing Uncertainty In Modeling the Fire Resistance of Composite Laminates .............................. 227 Adam Bichir and Ann E. Jeffers, University of Michigan, USA On the Use of Lambda Probes as Oxygen Sensors in Full-Scale Fire Tests ............................................ 239 A Thiry R Zakine1, Y Chbani , M Suzanne,, H Bazin, Central Laboratory Of The Police Prefecture, ........... A Coppalle, A Loo, CNRS, INSA De Rouen, France HRR Upgrade to Mass Loss Calorimeter and Modified Schlyter Test for FR Wood ............................ 251 Mark A. Dietenberger, C Boardman, USFS Forest Products Laboratory, USA Use of the Cone Calorimeter For Testing Materials With Low Heat Release Rates .................... 263 Sean Gregory, A Green, S Pasantes, Fire Testing Technology Ltd, S Grayson, S Kumar, Interscience Communications Ltd, UK Use and Benefit of a Controlled-Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter ............................................................. 273 Martin Werrel, E Antonatus, BASF SE, J Deubel, S Krüger, A Hofmann, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, U Krause, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg & F Deuerler, University of Wuppertal, Germany Experimental Study on Smoldering Combustion of Construction Products .......................................... 287 Petra Adamietz, Rupert Ehrlenspiel & Klaus Richter, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany Reduced Ignition Propensity Cigarettes: Is There a Change in Smoldering Ignition Hazard? ............ 297 Shivani Mehta, L Fansler, D Miller, S Garland, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, USA Vertical Orientation Cone Calorimetter Testing of Polyurethane Foams ............................................... 309 M Galaska, Alex Morgan, K. Schenck, J Stalter, University of Dayton Research Institute, USA Fire Performance of Polyurethane Foam: California Technical Bulletin 117 and British ................... 319 Standard BS5852 Marcelo Hirschler GBH International, M . Blais, M Janssens, Southwest Research Institute and USA

Effect of Ignition Scenario And Type of Padding on the Burning Behavior of Upholstered Furniture 331 Marc L. Janssens & R. Mason, Southwest Research Institute, M Hirschler, GBH International, USA

Effect of Enclosure on Heat Release Rate in Furniture Fires ................................................................... 343 Marcelo M. Hirschler GBH International and M Janssens, Southwest Research Institute, USA Performance Evaluation of Ignition-Resistant Materials for Structure Fire Protection in The WUI Aixi Zhou, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

355

Exposing Wood Decking Assemblies to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers ........................ 367 Samuel L. Manzello and S Suzuki, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Effects of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient in Prediction of Materials Properties from Cone ... 379 Calorimeter Testing Noah Ryder, Delta Q Consultants, Inc, USA and E Weckmana University of Waterloo, Canada Population Balance Modeling of Melt Evolution And Ignition of High-Density Polyethylene .............. 389 Morgan C. Bruns National Institute of Standards and Technology & Ofodike A. Ezekoye, The University of Texas at Austin, USA Cone Calorimeter Tests of Wood Composites ............................................................................................ 401 R White, Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory & Kuma Sumathipala, American Wood Council, USA Experimental Investigation of Thermal Degradation for Three Kinds of Wood ................................... 413 Benjamin Batiot, T Fateh, T Rogaume, J Luche, Franck Richard, CNRS , ENSMA, France Development of Methodology for Measurement Of Kinetics And Thermodynamics of ........................ 425 Polymer Pyrolysis Jing Li and S Stoliarov, University of Maryland, USA CFD Modeling of Flame Spread Over Corrugated Cardboard Panels ................................................... 437 Yi Wang, M Chaos & S. Dorofeev, FM Global, USA. A Comparison Of A Priori Modelling Predictions With Experimental Results .................................... 449 To Validate A Design Fire Generator Submodel G Baker*, Peter CR Collier*, C Wade, BRANZ Limited and M Spearpoint, C Fleischmann, Kevin M Frank, S Sazegara, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Scale Model Visualization of Smoke Wave Instability Through Ceiling Smoke and Heat Vents ......... 461 Fabio Alaimo Ponziani & A Tinaburri, Direzione Centrale per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza Tecnica, Ministry of the Interior, Italy Advantages and Challenges With Using Hypoxic Air Venting as Fire Protection ................................. 475 Martin Nilsson & P van Hees, Lund University, Sweden Novel Polymeric, Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants With Broad Applicability in ........................... 487 Multiple Industries Jan-Pleun Lens & M Lebel FRX Polymers®, Inc., USA The Use of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Fire Science Applications: Thermo Scientific’s ............................ 493 Antaris Industrial Gas System (IGS) Jay Roberts, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA Developments In Fire Test Instrumentation .............................................................................................. 497 Sandra Pasentes, S Gregory, Fire Testing Technology Ltd, UK Intermediate-Scale Fire Performance of Composite Panels Under Varying Loads .............................. 503 Alexander L. Brown and A Dodd, Sandia National Labs, USA Fire Induced Flow Behavior in a Ventilated Aircraft Cargo Compartment ........................................... 515 Ezgi S. Oztekin, Technology and Management International, LLC and D Blake, R Lyon, FAA, USA

Fire Safety Engineering Applied to the Evaluation of the Safety Level of ............................................. 525 Marine Composite Structures Joëlle Gutierrez, DCNS, A Breuillard, Bureau Veritas, D Marquis & C Chivas-Joly, LNE, France Fire Safety Engineering for Rolling Stock in Europe – EN 45545 And Transfeu ................................... 539 Beth Dean, P Briggs and J Murrell, Exova Warringtonfire, UK Fire Safety in Military Vehicles Evaluation of ISO 3795 .......................................................................... 551 Johan Svebrant, P Van Hees, Lund University, J Åqvis, P Nordberg, Swedish Defence and Materiels Administration, Sweden Problems in Bus Fire Safety – Recent Developments and Possible Solutions ......................................... 563 Anja Hofmann, S Dülsen & A Klippel, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany School Bus Fire Testing: New ASTM Seating Standard ........................................................................... 575 Timothy T. Earl & M Hirschler, GBH International, USA Smoke Movement in a Double-Decker Coach ............................................................................................ 585 Corinna Trettin & F Wittbecker, University of Wuppertal, Germany & S Messa, L.S.F, Italy Systemic Approach for Designing Intumescent Polyurethanes ................................................................ 597 Serge Bourbigot, M Muller and S Duquesne, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL) France, René Klein, Giacomo Giannini and Chris Lindsay, Huntsman, Belgium Fire Retardancy of Gaialene® A Biobased Polymer .................................................................................. 603 Gaëlle Fontaine, R Dupretz and S Bourbigot, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), France Flame Retardant Nanocoatings for Foam and Fabric Made With Renewable and/or .......................... 611 Environmentally-Benign Materials G Laufer, Y-C Li, and Jaime C. Grunlan, Texas A&M University, USA Gas Phase Combustion Studies of Polymers in the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ..................... 623 Richard E. Lyon and Richard N. Walters, Federal Aviation Administration, USA

Effects on the Combustion Behaviour of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Polymers Modified ......................... 637 With Covalently-Bound Penta-Valent Phosphorus Under Different Chemical Environments Paul Joseph*, STretsiakova-Mcnally, C Byrne, University Of Ulster, UK Preliminary Examination of Uncertainty in Material Flammability Properties ................................... 649 on Compartment Fire Characteristics Ofodike A Ezekoye, A Anderson, University of Texas Austin, USA Method to Characterize Damage to Conductors From Fire Scenes ......................................................... 657 Elizabeth C. Buc, Fire and Materials Research Laboratory, D Reiter, J Battley, Verite Forensic Engineering, Thomas B. Sing, Thomas M. Sing,, Quest Fire Analysis, USA Characteristics of Overheating Connections Between Copper and Steel ................................................ 667 Chris Korinek, and T Korinek, Synergy Technologies LLC, USA Heat Flux Induced Arc Formation in a Residential Electrical Cable ...................................................... 679 Stanislav I. Stoliarov, Cameron J. Novak, James G. Quintiere, University of Maryland, Michael R. Keller, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, USA Arcing Before or After Fire ....................................................................................................................... 691 Chen Chin-Lien, Huang C-T, Central Police University, and Cho C-W, Kaoshing City Fire Bureau, Taiwan,

Evaluation of The Combustible Metal Screening Test .............................................................................. 699 Elizabeth C. Buc, Fire and Materials Research Laboratory, Fire Chief K Kreitman, Redding Fire Department, USA The Vulnerability of Rotting Marine Structures to Ignition by Discarded Cigarettes .......................... 709 (The 2003 Saturna Island Wharf Fire) Richard van Leeuwen, van Leeuwen and Associates & M Fitz, MDE Inc, USA Investigation of Two Real Flash-Over Incident Fire in The Hotel ........................................................... 717 Cristina D’Angelo, Fire Brigade of Latina, & Bernardo Lanzillotta, Fire Brigade of Rome & Giovanni Longobardo, Central Direction for Prevention and Technical Safety, Ministry of the Interior, Italy Experimental Studies on the Effect of Fire Accelerant During Living Room Fires .............................. 729 Simone Krüger, J Deubel, M Werrel, I Fettig, T Raspe, C Piechotta, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany Investigation on the Flaming to Smoldering Transition in an Arson Fire ............................................... 743 Alberto Tinaburri & Fabio Alaimo Ponziani, Central Direction for Prevention and Technical Safety, Ministry of the Interior, Italy Investigation of cigarettes as an ignition source for Coleman fuel ........................................................... 759 Justin A. Geiman, Paul Fuss, ATF Fire Research Laboratory, USA Investigating Multi-Compartment Fire Behavior of Elevated Origins .................................................. 769 Steven W. Carman, Carman & Associates Fire Investigations, USA Fire Protection of Residents in Care Facilities ........................................................................................... 781 P Andersson, Francine Amon and M S. McNamee, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden LATE PAPERS Upholstered Furniture Flammability: Full-Scale Furniture and Flashover Experiments ..................... 793 Thomas Fabian, P Gandhi, UL LLC, USA Keynote: Challenges for International Standardization During the Next Decades with .................... 803 Respect to the Areas of New Innovative Products and Fire Safety Engineering Patrick van Hees, Lund University, Sweden Sponsor .......................................................................................................................................................... 810 Authors Index ............................................................................................................................................... 814

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