F.A.S.F.C. FEDERAL AGENCY FOR THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD CHAIN
Dr Lionel SOMBRE - Michelle BOUCHONVILLE 2009
FANC Federal Agency for Nuclear Control Ravensteinstraat 36 B-1000 Brussels – Belgium Gen. tel. nr.: + 32 2 289 21 11 – Gen. Fax nr: + 32 2 289 21 12 Website: http:///www.fanc.fgov.be - E-mail:
[email protected] Health and Environment Department Service for the Surveillance of the Territory & Natural Radiation Fax: + 32 2 289 21 52 • Secretary: Sabine Rousseau – tel + 32 2 289 21 51 Radiological Monitoring of the Territory: Fax: + 32 2 289 21 52 Responsible: Dr. Lionel Sombré - tel + 32 2 289 21 54 Michelle Bouchonville – tel. 32 2 289 21 64
FASFC Federal Agency for the Safety of the food Chain Bd du Jardin Botanique, 55 à B-1000 Brussels – Belgium Control Department/Office General Direction Tel. +32 2 211.83.27 Fax +32 2 211.83.28 General Direction: Dr. Jean-Marie DOCHY – tel. + 32 2 211.83.29 • Secretary: Josette CLEERBAUT tel. 32 2 211.83.27 Central Office General Direction Tel. +32 2 211.84.00 Fax +32 2 211.84.02 General Direction: Michel LAMBERT – tel + 32 2 211.84.01 • Secretary: David DE SCHRIJVEN – tel + 32 2 211.84.00
INTRODUCTION The Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) is a public institution with legal personality (Public Welfare Institution of category C) created by the Law of April 15, 1994 regarding the protection of the population and the environment against the hazards of ionising radiation (articles 21 and 22) and regarding the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control. With this statute, the Agency is granted a large autonomy indispensable to the impartial exercise of its responsibilities towards the society. Since September 1, 2001 the FANC is fully operational. At that date, the Royal Decree of July 20, 2001 concerning the General Regulation on the Protection of the Population, the Workers and the Environment Against the Danger of Ionizing Radiation (GRPIS) became operative. With this decree the Law of April 15, 1994 became applicable enabling us to get to the very essence of the implementation conditions and modalities regarding the Agency’s missions. It comprises the majority of the Belgian regulations on the protection of the population and the environment against the danger of ionising radiation. The Agency is entrusted with monitoring the radioactivity on the whole of the Belgian territory and the doses received by the population (article 70) as well as with organising the monitoring of the population as a whole (article 71). In the beginning of the sixties, the Scientific Institute of Public Health in Brussels, the SIPH (formerly known as the IHE – Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology) started a study regarding the radioactive contamination of the food chain. Subsequently, this programme was adopted by the SIPR (Ionising Radiation protection Service of the Ministry of Social Affairs, Public Health and Environment) and later, since 2001, by the FANC. Within the framework of its missions, the Agency initiates programmes for the radiological monitoring of the Belgian territory. One of its programmes is aimed at monitoring foodstuffs destined for human consumption; this is performed via yearly sampling campaigns whereby foodstuffs are collected in order to analyse their natural and artificial radioactivity levels. The monitoring activities performed in Belgium, can be subdivided as follows: -
Drinking water: samples are collected at the water distribution networks (tap water) and in different places uniformly spread over Belgium; by doing so, Belgium complies with the EC’s obligation imposing the creation of a dense (numerous points, measurement of classic radioactivity) and a sparce (small number of points, measurement of very low radioactivity levels) monitoring network (article 35/36 of the EURATOM Treaty);
-
milk: samples are also collected throughout the whole Belgian territory from dairy and other farms, always with the aim to comply with the EC’s obligation to create a dense and sparce monitoring network;
-
foodstuffs: samples are collected from the wholesale distribution and from markets; sea fish is sampled at the place of departure from the Belgian coastal fishing areas;
-
for every one of the regions (Region of Brussels Capital, Flanders and Wallonia), samples of "control meals" are monthly collected in company restaurants (EC’s obligation art 35/36 of the EURATOM Treaty – creation of a dense and sparce monitoring network) to be radiologically analysed.
-1-
Globally speaking, after several decades of observations, this monitoring programme shows and reconfirms us that the influence of the nuclear installations is not noticeable in the measurements of radioactivity in the foodstuffs and that the radiological situation of the "shopping basket of the Belgian housewife" is excellent. This report focuses in particular on the radiological situation of the foodstuffs themselves and of milk, without going more deeply into the "problems" of the drinking water and the "control meals". In practice, marketed milk, meat, sea and freshwater fish, as well as vegetables, etc.. are monthly sampled. Subsequently, these samples are analysed and their level of radionuclides is determined. The artificial radioactivity of the foodstuffs originates principally from the potential presence of fissile materials with long half-life, such as 90Sr and 137Cs which are mainly due to atmospheric nuclear tests performed in the sixties. In case an accident (such as the Chernobyl accident) would occur, a short-term increase of the radioactive contamination would be mainly due to the potential presence of 131I and a long-term increase would be mainly due to the presence of 137Cs, 134Cs, 90Sr and possibly of 103,106Ru, etc. This artificial radioactivity will be more or less concentrated in the food, given the fact that it follows the movements of stable elements in the metabolism of plants and animals. Radiocaesium, for example "follows" the movements of potassium which is considered "a chemically analogous element". In animals, radiocaesium tends to be concentrated in the muscles (meat). Radiostrontium is generally found in the environment in a chemical form making it more mobile, it follows its chemically analogous element - calcium - and tends to accumulate in the bony structures of living creatures. These considerations were determining factors for the choice of the radionuclides to be systematically traced within the framework of this monitoring. MEASUREMENTS
The samples are measured by the IPH/WIV (Scientific Institute of Public Health) in Brussels and by the SCK•CEN (Study Centre for Nuclear Energy) in Mol. The following radiological elements have been searched for: (natural) 40K; (artificial) 134,137Cs, 90Sr and 131I because these radionuclides are particularly problematic for the human health (either because they have a very long half-life and therefore remain for a long time in the food chain (134),137 Cs, 90Sr, or because they are immediately absorbed by the metabolism - 131I which settles in the thyroid gland, inducing cancer for this organ). In the tables enclosed, only the detectable radionuclides are mentioned. ACTUAL CONTEXT Since the year 2000, the FASFC (Federal Agency for the Safety of the food Chain) decided to increase its monitoring by collecting supplementary samples from the foodstuffs in order to determine their natural (40K) and artificial (134,137Cs) radioactivity levels. The samples collected by the FASFC are complementary to those taken for the account of the FANC and measured within the framework of its radiological monitoring programme of the Belgian territory. This cooperation is at present the subject of a frame convention determining the action radius of these two Agencies and aiming at optimising both efforts in order to ensure a better protection of the population. Consequently, in this report two data collections are analysed: -2-
The data of the proper radiological monitoring regarding the food chain (origin 253 samples.
FANC):
The data provided by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC): 223 samples (useful data). The following foodstuffs are subject to measurements: - FANC: - FASFC:
vegetables, various meats, sea and freshwater fish, milk, etc. various meats, sea fish, crustaceans and shellfish, gasteropods, mushrooms, etc….
Results of the data analysed are provided in the enclosure of this report. DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS At the request of the FASFC, three approaches are used for the interpretation of the data obtained: i) a "classic" approach consisting in analysing the significant data (measurements above the detection limits) by comparing them with the detection limits of the measuring apparatus; ii) a "pessimistic" approach, based on the principle that when a measurement is not significant (< the detection limit) the level of the limit value should be considered as the value measured and iii) an "intermediary" approach departing from the assumption that half of the detection limit value is assumed to be the value measured. These three approaches are all questionable and liable to criticism but their advantage is that they i) are able to prove that only a very small number of the samples shows a very low radioactive level that is hardly above the detection limit, ii) enable a conservative interpretation – although the radiological reality is “presented worse than it is” – proving that there is no radiological problem and iii) enable an interpretation - considered by many as more realistic – allowing us, despite everything, to "calculate the immeasurable"… The final criterion used throughout the whole analysis, is based on "acceptable" contamination levels for radiocaesia 134Cs en 137Cs. These levels are stipulated in the COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 616/2000 of March 20, 2000 amending Regulation (EEC) No 737/90 of the Council of 22 March 1990 "on the conditions governing imports of agricultural products originating in third countries following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station". In the first article of this regulation is stipulated that: "the accumulated maximum radioactive level in terms of caesium — 134 and — 137 shall be: -
370 Bq/kg for milk and milk products listed in Annex II and for foodstuffs intended for the special feeding of infants during the first four to six months of life, which meet, in themselves, the nutritional requirements of this category of persons and are put up for retail sale in packages which are clearly identified and labelled "food preparation for infants",
-
600 Bq/kg for all other products concerned.";
Another criterion may be used for iodine-131 COUNCIL REGULATION (EURATOM) No 2218/89 of 18 July 1989 amending Regulation (EURATOM) No 3954/87 "laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of foodstuffs and of feedingstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency".
-3-
This regulation would become applicable if a new nuclear accident would occur. Even though the fixed levels are not applicable at present, they can be used as a basis for the analysis of the results obtained. This regulation fixes the radioactivity levels at 150 Bq/kg for the foodstuffs intended for the feeding of infants (during the first four to six months of life), at 500 bq/kg for the dairy produce, at 2000 bq/kg for the other foodstuffs except minor foodstuffs (cf. COUNCIL REGULATION nr. 944/89 of 12 April 1989) and at 500 bq/kg for the Liquid foodstuffs destined for consumption (including drinking water). Remark: the COUNCIL REGULATION (EURATOM) No 2218/89 fixes also higher levels for radiocaesium (134 and 137): 400 Bq/kg for the foodstuffs for infants, 1000 Bq/kg for the dairy products, 1250Bq/kg for the other foodstuffs and 1000Bq/kg for liquid foodstuffs destined for consumption.
RESULTS 40
K and 134,137Cs
Vegetables (FANC) A large variety of vegetables was submitted to measurements: green vegetables, cabbages, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, leek, etc. All of the measurements performed remained below the detection thresholds which fluctuate, dependent on the volumes, geometry and the density of the samples, between 0.1 and 0.5 Bq/kg for radiocaesium. These detection limits are at least 6,000 tot 1,200 times below the European norm. The presence of and 160 Bq/kg.
40
K (natural radioactivity) was measurable and the values fluctuated between 45
Fruits (FANC) A large variety of fruits was submitted to measurements: pears, apples, kiwis, bananas, oranges, mangos, etc. All of the measurements performed remained below the detection thresholds, which fluctuate, dependent on the volumes, geometry and the density of the samples, between 0.3 and 0.5 Bq/kg for radiocaesium. These detection limits are at least 2,000 tot 1200 times below the European norm. The presence of and 120 Bq/kg.
40
K (natural radioactivity) was measurable and the values fluctuated between 35
Meat (FANC - FASFC) A whole range of meats of various origin was analysed: beef, veal, horse, pork, lamb, poultry (chicken, turkey), rabbit, captive-bred wild animals and game meat (deer, boar/male domestic pig, wild boar), etc. All of the measurements performed remained below the detection threshold, which fluctuate, dependent on the volumes, geometry and the density of the samples, between 0.6 and 2.9 Bq/kg for radiocaesium. These detection limits are at least 1,000 to 200 times below the European norm. The presence of 40K (natural radioactivity) was measurable and the values fluctuated between 70 and 130 Bq/kg (10 to 20 Bq/kg for intestine). -4-
Sea fish (FANC - FASFC) In general, no significant radioactivity due to radiocaesium could be detected in the sea fish. The detection limits fluctuate between 1.0 and 2.0 Bq/kg (around 1 Bq/kg in general). When using the “pessimistic” approach – i.e. assuming that the limit values are the values measured – the values thus obtained were 600 to 300 times below the European norm. The presence of and 140 Bq/kg.
40
K (natural radioactivity) was measurable and the values fluctuated between 70
Crustaceans, shellfish and molluscs (FASFC) Here, no significant radioactivity due to radiocaesium could be detected. By taking the limit values as the values measured, the artificial radioactivity for 137Cs fluctuated between 0.8 and 2.4 Bq/kg, that is at least 200 times below the European norm (between 750 times and 250 times below). 40
K was of course always measurable and the values fluctuated between 50 and 90 Bq/kg.
Freshwater fish (FANC - FASFC) Here, no significant radioactivity due to radiocaesium could be detected (the order of magnitude of the detection limit is about 0.4 to 1 Bq/kg). By taking the limit value as the "value measured", the artificial radioactivity was 1,500 to 600 times below the European norm. 40
K was measurable and the values fluctuated between 90 and 130 Bq/kg.
Various products (FANC - FASFC) In this section, various products such as milk, frog’s legs, escargots, foreign fishing products, seasonings, mushrooms, wild berries, etc… were categorized. In these products no artificial radioactivity could be clearly detected. In this context, the pessimistic approach shows us that these foodstuffs are in general 600 times less radioactive than the European norm for non-dairy products (600 bq/kg) and that the level of caesium measured in milk (1 litre of milk has a density of 1,04) is 3,000 times below the norms (370 Bq/kg). 40
K fluctuates generally between 20 and 30 Bq/kg for the frog’s legs and the snails, around 50 Bq/l for milk.
-5-
CONCLUSION This intensified control programme shows clearly – as already demonstrated in the preceding years – that the influence of the nuclear installations (nuclear power plants of Doel and Tihange, nuclear sites of Mol/Dessel and of the IRE in Fleurus) is not perceptible in the radioactivity measurements of the foodstuffs. The radiological situation of the foodstuffs monitored is excellent with barely no traceable artificial radioactivity and this in spite of the very low detection limits used for the tracing of radioactivity. In general, the 480 samples measured in 2008 show no detectable artificial radioactivity. These analyses allow us to conclude that the foodstuffs examined do not contain any significant artificial radioactivity. Even a "pessimistic" - and thus conservative approach - confirms these results. Based on the routine monitoring performed, we can therefore confirm that the health of the consumer is by no means endangered by the consumption of foodstuffs available on the Belgian territory.
-6-
Data FANC – "classic" approach (values measured) (SIPH & SCK•CEN) K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 UNIT Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. VEGETABLES Lettuce Chicory Cauliflower Brussels sprout White cabbage Red cabbage Green cabbage Cabbage non specified Chinese cabbage Broccoli Leek Romaine Celery Carrot Tomato Cucumber Mushroom Spinach Green bean Eggplant Zucchini Potato Root and tuberous vegetable Paprika Fennel Onion non specified FRUITS Pear Apple Kiwi Banana Orange Mandarin Grapefruit Peach Plum Strawberry Melon Rhubarb Mango
116,3 58,5 111,3 145,4 106,0 86,0 101,0 101,8 68,6 124,7 102,0 77,7 123,6 91,6 79,1 63,1 125,9 156,2 115,6 72,3 66,6 126,4 122,2 43,8 112,0 60,9
11,6 1,4 8,8 26,2 15,7 26,9 20,2 34,2 30,9 21,1 17,1 24,7 29,5 18,4 10,3 0,10 7,95 50,4 23,1 0,42 3,85 18,8 18,3 33,5 72,0 0,99
0,07 -
44,3 30,6 106,5 112,8 47,1 47,0 51,6 60,2 51,5 42,3 112,1 92,4 46,2
8,9 5,1 10,2 10,0 2,6 9,9 4,5 34,2 14,6 18,6 69,0 35,6 28,1
-
0,06
0,22 0,07 0,22 0,27 0,27 0,22 0,48 0,23 0,11 0,23 0,26 0,22 0,17 0,19 0,14 0,13 0,23 0,15 0,27 0,23 0,19 0,44 0,15 0,12 0,22 0,23
-
0,24 0,08 0,23 0,28 0,28 0,23 0,53 0,23 0,11 0,25 0,27 0,23 0,19 0,22 0,16 0,13 0,24 0,14 0,29 0,24 0,19 0,46 0,21 0,12 0,23 0,23
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
0,32 0,30 0,50 0,50 0,21 0,28 0,29 0,22 0,30 0,43 0,34 0,36 0,38
-
0,32 0,32 0,49 0,51 0,21 0,30 0,30 0,22 0,32 0,43 0,34 0,36 0,43
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 UNIT Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. MEATS Beef (muscle) Beef meat non specified Cow product non specified Veal (muscle) Horse (muscle) Pork (muscle) Pork product non specified Pork meat non specified Chicken Chicken (muscle) Chicken meat non specified Turkey SEA-FISHS Sea Trout Victoria bass Salmon Cod Sardine Whiting Catfish Swordfish Burbot Plaice Aiglefin Sole Haddock Ling RIVER-FISHS Claret Nile perch Tilapia OTHER Flour Milk
124,2 85,4 117,6 134,0 114,7 128,3 69,5 128,5 126,7 122,7 67,4 120,1
12,1 17,8 12,1 5,3 9,6 12,9 23,2 18,5 18,4 4,4 39,7 12,8
-
1,06 0,71 0,58 1,05 1,14 1,31 0,51 0,89 1,10 0,78 0,87 0,96
0,97 -
107,0 95,1 118,1 113,6 115,0 126,8 76,7 124,7 102,0 69,5 119,0 138,0 111,0 83,0
21,4 12,8 17,3 24,2 23,0 4,7 22,0 14,3 20,4 11,2 23,8 24,8 22,2 17,4
-
1,10 1,15 1,20 1,09 1,10 0,88 1,06 1,29 1,10 1,40 1,10 1,00 1,10 0,99
-
122,0 93,0 130,0
35,4 26,2 23,4
-
1,20 0,36 0,98
1,29 -
236,0 51,4
59,0 2,2
-
0,79 0,22
-
-7-
0,54
0,28
1,08 0,75 0,57 1,16 1,13 1,30 0,51 0,86 1,10 0,79 1,03 0,97
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
1,20 1,10 1,25 1,05 1,20 0,96 1,13 1,32 1,20 1,43 1,20 0,99 0,99 1,20
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
1,20 0,38 0,94
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
0,77 0,22
Bq/kg Bq/l
Data FANC – "intermediary" approach (values = ½ of the detection limits) (SIPH & SCK•CEN) K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 UNIT Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. VEGETABLES Lettuce Chicory Cauliflower Brussels sprout White cabbage Red cabbage Green cabbage Cabbage non specified Chinese cabbage Broccoli Leek Romaine Celery Carrot Tomato Cucumber Mushroom Spinach Green bean Eggplant Zucchini Potato Root and tuberous vegetable Paprika Fennel Onion non specified FRUITS Pear Apple Kiwi Banana Orange Mandarin Grapefruit Peach Plum Strawberry Melon Rhubarb Mango
116,3 58,5 111,3 145,4 106,0 86,0 101,0 101,8 68,6 124,7 102,0 77,7 123,6 91,6 79,1 63,1 125,9 156,2 115,6 72,3 66,6 126,4 122,2 43,8 112,0 60,9
11,6 1,4 8,8 26,2 15,7 26,9 20,2 34,2 30,9 21,1 17,1 24,7 29,5 18,4 10,3 0,10 8,0 50,4 23,1 0,4 3,8 18,8 18,3 33,5 72,0 1,0
0,112 0,037 0,108 0,134 0,134 0,110 0,240 0,114 0,057 0,117 0,130 0,108 0,085 0,096 0,072 0,065 0,117 0,076 0,137 0,116 0,093 0,222 0,073 0,059 0,108 0,115
0,040 0,004 0,029 0,027 0,036 0,008 0,041 0,024 0,047 0,023 0,030 0,038 0,023 0,044 0,022 0,020 0,036 0,037 0,024 0,001 0,049 0,034
0,119 0,039 0,115 0,139 0,139 0,113 0,264 0,116 0,053 0,125 0,134 0,117 0,093 0,112 0,079 0,066 0,122 0,071 0,145 0,120 0,095 0,231 0,103 0,062 0,115 0,115
0,043 0,007 0,035 0,031 0,035 0,005 0,039 0,036 0,050 0,027 0,036 0,026 0,023 0,045 0,023 0,020 0,051 0,038 0,025 0,047 0,056 0,027
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
44,3 30,6 106,5 112,8 47,1 47,0 51,6 60,2 51,5 42,3 112,1 92,4 46,2
8,9 5,1 10,2 10,0 2,6 9,9 4,5 34,2 14,6 18,6 69,0 35,6 28,1
0,161 0,150 0,251 0,249 0,104 0,142 0,145 0,112 0,149 0,215 0,172 0,178 0,190
0,028 0,072 0,075 0,089 0,021 0,023 0,008 -
0,162 0,159 0,246 0,253 0,107 0,148 0,150 0,112 0,161 0,215 0,172 0,178 0,215
0,043 0,068 0,078 0,089 0,027 0,015 0,025 -
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 UNIT Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. MEATS Beef (muscle) Beef meat non specified Cow product non specified Veal (muscle) Horse (muscle) Pork (muscle) Pork product non specified Pork meat non specified Chicken Chicken (muscle) Chicken meat non specified Turkey SEA-FISHS Sea Trout Victoria bass Salmon Cod Sardine Whiting Catfish Swordfish Burbot Plaice Aiglefin Sole Haddock Ling RIVER-FISHS Claret Nile perch Tilapia OTHER Flour Milk
124,2 85,4 117,6 134,0 114,7 128,3 69,5 128,5 126,7 122,7 67,4 120,1
7,2 17,8 12,1 5,3 9,6 12,9 23,2 18,5 18,4 4,4 39,7 12,8
0,53 0,36 0,29 0,52 0,57 0,66 0,255 0,45 0,55 0,39 0,44 0,48
0,03 0,18 0,05 0,07 0,29 0,24 0,05 0,10 0,12
0,54 0,37 0,29 0,58 0,61 0,65 0,255 0,43 0,55 0,40 0,52 0,48
0,04 0,18 0,08 0,13 0,25 0,25 0,04 0,13 0,14
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
107,0 95,1 118,1 113,6 115,0 126,8 76,7 124,7 102,0 69,5 119,0 138,0 111,0 83,0
21,4 12,8 17,3 24,2 23,0 4,7 22,0 14,3 20,4 11,2 23,8 24,8 22,2 17,4
0,55 0,58 0,60 0,54 0,55 0,44 0,53 0,64 0,55 0,70 0,55 0,50 0,55 0,50
0,06 0,12 0,05 0,15 0,03 0,33 0,37 -
0,60 0,55 0,63 0,53 0,60 0,48 0,57 0,66 0,60 0,72 0,60 0,49 0,49 0,60
0,09 0,12 0,07 0,16 0,03 0,35 0,41 -
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
122,0 93,0 130,0
35,4 26,2 23,4
0,60 0,18 0,49
0,01 -
0,60 0,74 0,47
0,77 -
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
236,0 51,4
59,0 2,2
0,396 0,056
0,008
0,383 0,060
0,011
Bq/kg Bq/l
-8-
Data FANC – "pessimistic" approach (values = detection limits) (SIPH & SCK•CEN) K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 UNIT Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. VEGETABLES Lettuce Chicory Cauliflower Brussels sprout White cabbage Red cabbage Green cabbage Cabbage non specified Chinese cabbage Broccoli Leek Romaine Celery Carrot Tomato Cucumber Mushroom Spinach Green bean Eggplant Zucchini Potato Root and tuberous vegetable Paprika Fennel Onion non specified FRUITS Pear Apple Kiwi Banana Orange Mandarin Grapefruit Peach Plum Strawberry Melon Rhubarb Mango
116,3 58,5 111,3 145,4 106,0 86,0 101,0 101,8 68,6 124,7 102,0 77,7 123,6 91,6 79,1 63,1 125,9 156,2 115,6 72,3 66,6 126,4 122,2 43,8 112,0 60,9
11,6 1,4 8,8 26,2 15,7 26,9 20,2 34,2 30,9 21,1 17,1 24,7 29,5 18,4 10,3 0,1 8,0 50,4 23,1 0,4 3,8 18,8 18,3 33,5 72,0 1,0
0,224 0,074 0,217 0,268 0,268 0,220 0,479 0,227 0,113 0,235 0,260 0,215 0,171 0,192 0,145 0,130 0,234 0,151 0,273 0,233 0,185 0,444 0,110 0,118 0,215 0,230
0,081 0,008 0,059 0,055 0,073 0,017 0,081 0,047 0,095 0,046 0,060 0,077 0,045 0,087 0,044 0,041 0,072 0,073 0,048 0,053 0,099 0,068
0,238 0,079 0,229 0,278 0,278 0,227 0,527 0,232 0,106 0,250 0,269 0,234 0,186 0,224 0,157 0,132 0,243 0,141 0,289 0,239 0,189 0,462 0,206 0,123 0,230 0,230
0,086 0,014 0,070 0,062 0,070 0,011 0,078 0,072 0,100 0,054 0,072 0,051 0,047 0,089 0,047 0,041 0,103 0,076 0,050 0,094 0,112 0,055
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
44,3 30,6 106,5 112,8 47,1 47,0 51,6 60,2 51,5 42,3 112,1 92,4 46,2
8,9 5,1 10,2 10,0 2,6 9,9 4,5 34,2 14,6 18,6 69,0 35,6 28,1
0,323 0,300 0,502 0,499 0,207 0,284 0,290 0,224 0,297 0,430 0,345 0,356 0,380
0,056 0,144 0,151 0,178 0,043 0,046 0,016 -
0,323 0,317 0,491 0,507 0,214 0,297 0,301 0,224 0,322 0,430 0,345 0,356 0,429
0,086 0,135 0,155 0,178 0,053 0,031 0,051 -
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 UNIT Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. Mean Std dev. Detection lim. MEATS Beef (muscle) Beef meat non specified Cow product non specified Veal (muscle) Horse (muscle) Pork (muscle) Pork product non specified Pork meat non specified Chicken Chicken (muscle) Chicken meat non specified Turkey SEA-FISHS Sea Trout Victoria bass Salmon Cod Sardine Whiting Catfish Swordfish Burbot Plaice Aiglefin Sole Haddock Ling RIVER-FISHS Claret Nile perch Tilapia OTHER Flour Milk
124,2 85,4 117,6 134,0 114,7 128,3 69,5 128,5 126,7 122,7 67,4 120,1
7,2 17,8 12,1 5,3 9,6 12,9 23,2 18,5 18,4 4,4 39,7 12,8
1,06 0,71 0,58 1,05 1,14 1,31 0,510 0,89 1,10 0,78 0,87 0,96
0,06 0,37 0,09 0,13 0,58 0,48 0,10 0,21 0,24
1,08 0,75 0,57 1,16 1,11 1,30 0,510 0,86 1,10 0,79 1,03 0,97
0,09 0,36 0,17 0,09 0,51 0,50 0,09 0,25 0,27
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
107,0 95,1 118,1 113,6 115,0 126,8 76,7 124,7 102,0 69,5 119,0 138,0 111,0 83,0
21,4 12,8 17,3 24,2 23,0 4,7 22,0 14,3 20,4 11,2 23,8 24,8 22,2 17,4
1,10 1,15 1,20 1,09 1,10 0,88 1,06 1,29 1,10 1,40 1,10 1,00 1,10 0,99
0,12 0,24 0,09 0,29 0,07 0,65 0,73 -
1,20 1,10 1,25 1,05 1,20 0,96 1,13 1,32 1,20 1,43 1,20 0,99 0,99 1,20
0,17 0,23 0,13 0,33 0,06 0,70 0,82 -
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
122,0 93,0 130,0
35,4 26,2 23,4
1,20 0,36 0,98
0,03 -
1,20 0,83 0,94
0,64 -
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
236,0 51,4
59,0 2,2
0,791 0,112
0,016
0,765 0,120
0,022
Bq/kg Bq/l
-9-
Data FASFC – "classic" approach (values measured) (SCK•CEN) Mean
K-40 Std dev. Detection lim.
Mean
Cs-134 Std dev. Detection lim.
Mean
Cs-137 Std dev. Detection lim.
UNIT
FISHS Fishs (non defined) (Fish store - Fish auction) Fishs (non defined) ((Fish store - Fish auction) / Belgium) Sea Fishs (non defined) (Fish store - Fish auction) SHELLFISHS-SEA FOOD Bivalve (Belgium) Bivalve (India) Bivalve (Chile) Bivalve (South Korea) Bivalve (Vietnam) Bivalve (Thailand) Bivalve (United States of America) live bivalve molluscs Schaaldieren(Belgium) MEATS Meat (non defined) Meat (non defined / Belgium) Meat (non defined / Brazil) Meat (non defined / Argentina) Meat (non defined / Australia) Meat (non defined / United States of America) Meat (non defined / Canada) Meat preparation (non defined / Brazil) Meat preparation (non defined / Israel) Calf (fattened) Mutton and Goat (Belgium) Mutton and Goat (Holland) Rabbit and Hare Poultry Intestines(China) Intestines (Brazil) Intestines (Turkey) Intestines (Pakistan) Livestock game (customs offices for free circulation in EC / New Zealand) Livestock game (Slaughtered animal) Lifestock and hunted game food preparation OTHER Wild Mushroom Wild Mushroom (Bulgaria) Wild Mushroom (Chanterelle / Serbia) Wild Mushroom (Morel/ Serbia) Frogs' legs (Indonesia) Frogs' legs (Vietnam) Snail (Indonesia) NC: Non Conform
- 10 -
73,25 104,57 108,33
27,59 33,73 15,31
-
1,96 2,13 2,41
1,10
91,00 55,00 78,00 75,00 48,00 85,50 82,67
9,83 45,25 38,18
-
1,61 2,00 1,61 2,40 0,96 1,10 0,80 1,60 2,14
113,36 110,00 110,45 101,00 101,00 103,17 120,00 117,50 76,00 116,40 89,86 110,00 105,70 87,78 14,00 12,00 20,00 112,50 110,86 106,30
25,18 5,66 22,56 33,72 15,21 13,60 17,68 25,75 16,46 33,73 14,64 4,58 10,61 24,02 15,83
2,7 -
2,30 2,70 2,64 2,90 2,83 1,67 3,20 1,70 2,70 1,67 2,65 2,30 1,65 1,95 1,49 0,96 0,83 1,10 1,45 2,28 1,69
174,00
-
30,00 19,00 18,47
22,74 11,31 12,00
21,0 17,0 2,12 17,73 12,00
190,00 24,50
180,00
13,6 27,0 12,6
-
-
3,50 5,30 4,00 4,60 1,15 1,35 0,85
2,03 2,12 3,20
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
-
1,60 2,10 1,52 2,20 0,95 1,10 0,80 1,65 2,18
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
0,63 14,0 10,5
2,39 2,70 2,48 0,36 2,95 1,77 2,90 1,90 2,90 1,74 2,73 2,20 1,65 2,07 1,56 1,10 NC 1,09 1,50 2,35 2,20
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
-
0,18
8,6 8,7
-
5,50
-
1,20 1,23 0,87
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
Data FASFC – "intermediary" approach (values = ½ detection limits) (SCK•CEN) Mean
K-40 Std dev. Detection lim.
Mean
Cs-134 Std dev. Detection lim.
Mean
Cs-137 Std dev. Detection lim.
UNIT
FISHS Fishs (non defined) (Fish store - Fish auction) Fishs (non defined) ((Fish store - Fish auction) / Belgium) Sea Fishs (non defined) (Fish store - Fish auction) SHELLFISHS-SEA FOOD Bivalve (Belgium) Bivalve (India) Bivalve (Chile) Bivalve (South Korea) Bivalve (Vietnam) Bivalve (Thailand) Bivalve (United States of America) live bivalve molluscs Schaaldieren(Belgium) MEATS Meat (non defined) Meat (non defined / Belgium) Meat (non defined / Brazil) Meat (non defined / Argentina) Meat (non defined / Australia) Meat (non defined / United States of America) Meat (non defined / Canada) Meat preparation (non defined / Brazil) Meat preparation (non defined / Israel) Calf (fattened) Mutton and Goat (Belgium) Mutton and Goat (Holland) Rabbit and Hare Poultry Intestines(China) Intestines (Brazil) Intestines (Turkey) Intestines (Pakistan) Livestock game (customs offices for free circulation in EC / New Zealand) Livestock game (Slaughtered animal) Lifestock and hunted game food preparation OTHER Wild Mushroom Wild Mushroom (Bulgaria) Wild Mushroom (Chanterelle / Serbia) Wild Mushroom (Morel/ Serbia) Frogs' legs (Indonesia) Frogs' legs (Vietnam) Snail (Indonesia) NC: Non Conform
- 11 -
77,00 104,57 108,33
20,43 33,73 15,31
0,98 1,06 1,20
0,32 0,42 0,73
1,01 1,06 1,43
0,29 0,48 0,38
91,00 55,00 78,00 75,00 10,50 8,50 48,00 85,50 82,67
9,83 45,25 38,18
2,12 17,73
0,81 1,00 0,80 1,20 0,48 0,55 0,40 0,80 1,07
0,54 0,77 0,14 0,21 0,35 0,69
0,80 1,05 0,76 1,10 0,48 0,55 0,40 0,83 1,09
0,53 0,69 0,07 0,28 0,39 0,63
111,25 110,00 110,45 101,00 101,00 103,17 120,00 117,50 76,00 116,40 89,86 110,00 105,70 88,50 12,25 7,00 6,00 20,00 112,50 102,90 106,30
29,11 5,66 22,56 33,72 15,21 13,60 17,68 25,75 16,46 33,73 13,99 9,74 4,58 10,61 24,15 15,83
1,17 1,35 1,45 1,45 1,41 0,83 1,60 0,85 1,35 0,84 1,33 1,15 0,83 0,98 0,74 0,48 0,41 0,55 0,73 1,14 0,85
0,41 0,07 0,48 0,07 0,51 0,38 0,35 0,41 0,26 0,28 0,48 0,40 0,62 0,18 0,48 0,51
1,20 1,35 1,24 1,35 1,35 0,88 1,45 0,95 1,45 0,82 1,36 1,10 0,82 1,04 0,78 0,55 NC 0,55 0,75 3,73 9,60
0,41 0,21 0,24 0,18 0,75 0,49 0,42 0,41 0,29 0,35 0,49 0,44 0,65 0,06 0,21 6,11 8,70
174,00
-
-
18,57 8,61 10,87
0,45 0,04 0,11
2,75
17,11 17,17 13,59
1,75 2,65 2,00 2,30 0,58 0,68 0,42
0,60 0,62 0,44
0,41 0,08 0,12
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
Data FASFC – "pessimistic" approach (values = detection limits) (SCK•CEN) Mean
K-40 Std dev. Detection lim.
Mean
Cs-134 Std dev. Detection lim.
Mean
Cs-137 Std dev. Detection lim.
UNIT
FISHS Fishs (non defined) (Fish store - Fish auction) Fishs (non defined) ((Fish store - Fish auction) / Belgium) Sea Fishs (non defined) (Fish store - Fish auction) SHELLFISHS-SEA FOOD Bivalve (Belgium) Bivalve (India) Bivalve (Chile) Bivalve (South Korea) Bivalve (Vietnam) Bivalve (Thailand) Bivalve (United States of America) live bivalve molluscs Schaaldieren(Belgium) MEATS Meat (non defined) Meat (non defined / Belgium) Meat (non defined / Brazil) Meat (non defined / Argentina) Meat (non defined / Australia) Meat (non defined / United States of America) Meat (non defined / Canada) Meat preparation (non defined / Brazil) Meat preparation (non defined / Israel) Calf (fattened) Mutton and Goat (Belgium) Mutton and Goat (Holland) Rabbit and Hare Poultry Intestines(China) Intestines (Brazil) Intestines (Turkey) Intestines (Pakistan) Livestock game (customs offices for free circulation in EC / New Zealand) Livestock game (Slaughtered animal) Lifestock and hunted game food preparation OTHER Wild Mushroom Wild Mushroom (Bulgaria) Wild Mushroom (Chanterelle / Serbia) Wild Mushroom (Morel/ Serbia) Frogs' legs (Indonesia) Frogs' legs (Vietnam) Snail (Indonesia) NC: Non Conform
- 12 -
77,00 104,57 108,33
20,43 33,73 15,31
1,96 2,13 2,41
0,63 0,83 1,46
2,03 2,12 2,50
0,58 0,97 1,31
91,00 55,00 78,00 75,00 21,00 17,00 48,00 85,50 82,67
9,83 45,25 38,18
2,12 17,73
1,61 2,00 1,61 2,40 0,96 1,10 0,80 1,60 2,14
1,08 1,54 0,28 0,42 0,71 1,39
1,60 2,10 1,52 2,20 0,95 1,10 0,80 1,65 2,18
1,06 1,39 0,14 0,57 0,78 1,26
111,37 110,00 110,45 101,00 101,00 103,17 120,00 117,50 76,00 116,40 89,86 110,00 105,70 98,00 24,50 14,00 12,00 20,00 112,50 121,20 106,30
28,68 5,66 22,56 33,72 15,21 13,60 17,68 25,75 16,46 33,73 35,15 19,48 4,58 10,61 40,12 15,83
2,30 2,70 2,65 2,90 1,41 1,67 3,20 1,70 2,70 1,67 2,65 2,30 1,65 1,95 1,49 0,96 0,83 1,10 1,45 2,28 1,69
0,77 0,14 0,47 0,14 0,51 0,76 0,71 0,82 0,52 0,57 0,96 0,81 1,24 0,35 0,96 1,02
2,39 2,70 2,48 2,70 1,35 1,77 2,90 1,90 2,90 1,52 2,73 2,20 1,65 2,07 1,56 1,10 NC 1,09 1,50 4,67 9,71
0,82 0,42 0,47 0,36 0,75 0,99 0,85 0,91 0,59 0,71 0,98 0,89 1,30 0,11 0,42 5,74 8,59
174,00
-
-
16,53 9,24 9,41
0,90 0,07 0,22
5,50
20,89 21,67 16,10
3,50 5,30 4,00 4,60 1,15 1,35 0,85
1,20 1,23 0,87
0,82 0,15 0,25
Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
