Extreme Climate Events and Requirements for Meteorological Information in Thailand

Jomkhwan Sakkamart Thai Meteorological Department [email protected] Thai Meteorological Department 4 December 2013

§Bangkok

Thailand is located in the tropical area between latitudes : 5 ° 37 ¢ N to 20 ° 27 ¢ N longitudes : 97 ° 22 ¢ E to 105 ° 37 ¢ E

Thai Meteorological Department

The general climate is under the influence of monsoon winds of seasonal character i.e. - northeast monsoon. - southwest monsoon.

Thai Meteorological Department

Extreme Climate and Weather Events in Thailand

Extreme Climate and Weather Events N

NE

C

E

SE

• Thailand is located in the tropical area ° ´ ° ´ between latitudes 5 37 N to 20 27 N Feb fire Fire Drought ° ´ ° ´ Drought and longitudes 97 22 E to 105 37 E. Jan

Drought

SW Flood Drought

Drought

Mar

Summer storm Fire Drought

Summer storm Fire Drought

Summer storm Drought

Drought

Drought

Apr

Summer storm Fire Drought

Summer storm Fire Drought

Summer storm Fire Drought

Drought

May

Flood Summer storm

Flood Summer storm

Flood Summer storm

Flood

Tropical Cyclone Flood

Flood Drought

Jun

Flood Dry spell

Flood Dry spell

Flood Dry spell

Flood Dry spell

Flood

Flood

Drought

Extreme Climate and Weather Events in Thailand

Extreme Climate and Weather Events N

Jul

NE

C

E

SE

• Thailand is located in the tropical area ° ´ ° ´ between latitudes 5 37 N to 20 27 N ° ´ ° ´ and longitudes 97 22 E to 105 37 E.

SW

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm Dry spell

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm Dry spell

Tropical cyclone Flood Dry spell

Flood Dry spell

Flood

Flood

Aug

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Flood

Flood

Sep

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Oct

Flood Thunderstorm

Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Tropical cyclone Flood Thunderstorm

Flood

Tropical cyclone Flood Storm surge Landslide

Tropical cyclone Flood

Tropical cyclone Flood Storm surge Landslide

Nov

Dec

Flood

Variability of Mean Max, Mean Min Temperature and annual Rainfall Minimum temperature anomalies +1.0

For all parts of Thailand, annual mean minimum surface temperature rise markedly above normal especially during the last 16 years(1997-2012)

+0.5 +0.0 -0.5 -1.0

2011

2007

2003

1999

1995

1991

1987

1983

1979

1975

1971

1967

1963

1959

1955

-1.5

1951

Dept.from normal( oC.)

+1.5

Maximum temperature anomalies Consider over the whole period of

+1.0 +0.5

observations, the markedly increasing trend

+0.0

is found in all parts of Thailand especially

-0.5

eastern, southern east coast and southern

-1.0

2011

2007

2003

1999

1995

1991

1987

1983

1979

1975

1971

1967

1963

1959

1955

-1.5

1951

Dept. from normal( oC.)

+1.5

west coast, and less increase appear in northern part.

+500 +400 +300 +200 +100 +0 -100 -200 -300

No clear evidence for decade to decade variability of rainfall but Thailand experiences continuously above normal rainfall since 1999 especially the highest amount of rainfall that caused severe flooding in 2011 1951 1954 1957 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Dept. from normal(mm)

Annual rainfall anomalies

Trend in temperature indices 䰋敉 ?

⻬掉

厠?

戋? 旡㢢 娓 ⠡

㇘Ằ ⳽䥛

⽞ 楼剓

楙冀▿ ⏥棽⊣

⋬ ⩿ ɲ?

戏 䥱 䧙䯨 ?

厠?

旡䖵 嫱 䕁 䍿 ? ⽸⡭ 䯨 䧖嫷 ÷ 恫 ∫ ⨬?

⽸嫶ₑ 捰

㢡 ⪑ 性䪣

㢡 ⪑ 性䪣

厠?

䰋敉 ?

急˗ 䘲 䕘

⽞ 楼剓

旡䖵 嫱 䕁 䍿 ?

⽸⡭ 䯨 䧖嫷 ÷ 恫 ∫ ⨬?

⽸嫶ₑ 捰

㢡 ⪑ 性䪣

㢡 ⪑ 性䪣

㾇忬圗

僽ぅ

僽ぅ

㾇忬圗

▼ 䎂 ➴䕢

E7URSLFDOQLJKW 75 

⊧ 䪣呞 ∃

䏩䛅 䈟 䕧 妜 ◃ 㭁ɳ? 僽ぅ

㾇忬圗 ⚖˺?

⚖˺?

D6XPPHUGD\ 68 

愝 嘤 ⫼嫷烒ℊ ?

嬄▞ ?

F:DUPGD\ 7;S 

僽ぅ ⚖˺?

⚖˺? ▼ 䎂 ➴䕢

ὃₑ 䧖嫷

冦嫁 ?

䏩䛅 䈟 䕧 妜 ◃ 㭁ɳ?

䏩䛅 䈟 䕧 妜 ◃ 㭁ɳ?

䏩䛅 䈟 䕧 妜 ◃ 㭁ɳ?

⽸嫶ₑ 捰 愝 䊛 㠗䧖嫷 剌 い愝 ℻㹄 䨢 䧖嫷

⊧ 䪣呞 ∃

嬄▞ ?

嬄▞ ?

旡䖵 嫱 䕁 䍿 ? 楙 喌 䊩 ⼞廬

⇚ ➛

嬄▞ ?

㾇忬圗

⽸⡭ 䯨 䧖嫷 ÷ 恫 ∫ ⨬?

冦嫁 ?

冦嫁 ?

冦嫁 ?

⽸嫶ₑ 捰

▼ 䎂 ➴䕢

G:DUPQLJKW 71S 

The analysis results of trend in temperature indices have been showed that summer days and tropical night has significantly increased. Trends in warm days and warm nights have significantly increased as well. On the contrary, trends in cool days and cool nights have significantly decreased.

急˗ 䘲 䕘 捹剪 敇圅

毱 䧖嫷

愝 䊛 㠗䧖嫷 剌 い愝 ℻㹄

楙冀▿ ⏥棽⊣

⋬ ⩿ ɲ?

楙 垦 䒋?

旡䖵 嫱 䕁 䍿 ? 楙 喌 䊩 ⼞廬

愝 嘤 ⫼嫷烒ℊ ?

⊧ 䪣呞 ∃

⊧ 䪣呞 ∃

旡㢢 娓 ⠡

戏 䥱 䧙䯨 ?

⇚ ➛

愝 嘤 ⫼嫷烒ℊ ?

愝 嘤 ⫼嫷烒ℊ ?

⽞ 楼剓

ὃₑ 䧖嫷

⇚ ➛

⇚ ➛

急˗ 䘲 䕘

戋?

㇘Ằ ⳽䥛

䨢 䧖嫷 ὃₑ 䧖嫷

ὃₑ 䧖嫷

厠?

捹剪 敇圅

毱 䧖嫷

愝 䊛 㠗䧖嫷 剌 い愝 ℻㹄

楙冀▿ ⏥棽⊣

⋬ ⩿ ɲ?

戏 䥱 䧙䯨 ?

楙 喌 䊩 ⼞廬

⻬掉 旡僽 㢺䴖 ?

旡㢢 娓 ⠡

楙 垦 䒋?

䨢 䧖嫷

䨢 䧖嫷

戋?

㇘Ằ ⳽䥛

⏥棽⊣

捹剪 敇圅

毱 䧖嫷

愝 䊛 㠗䧖嫷 剌 い愝 ℻㹄

楙冀▿

⋬ ⩿ ɲ?

楙 垦 䒋?

楙 喌 䊩 ⼞廬

毱 䧖嫷

旡㢢 娓 ⠡

⮉䍿

悳㠺㈤ ἡ ?

⻬掉 旡僽 㢺䴖 ?

戋?

戏 䥱 䧙䯨 ?

急˗ 䘲 䕘 捹剪 敇圅

楙 垦 䒋?

⽸⡭ 䯨 䧖嫷 ÷ 恫 ∫ ⨬?

䰋敉 ?

㇘Ằ ⳽䥛

⽞ 楼剓

⮉䍿

悳㠺㈤ ἡ ?

⻬掉 旡僽 㢺䴖 ?

旡僽 㢺䴖 ?

⽞ 榀楾⺟ 剏

⮉䍿

悳㠺㈤ ἡ ?

⮉䍿

悳㠺㈤ ἡ ?

悳㠺ⰼ 䔇

⽞ 榀楾⺟ 剏

⽞ 榀楾⺟ 剏

⽞ 榀楾⺟ 剏

䰋敉 ?

悳㠺ⰼ 䔇

悳㠺ⰼ 䔇

悳㠺ⰼ 䔇

▼ 䎂 ➴䕢

Tropical cyclone entering Thailand 65 60 55 50

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

TD

TS

TY

2001-2010

1991-2000

1981-1990

1971-1980

1961-1970

0 1951-1960

Number of TC

45

Criteria of weather disaster for public warning Hot weather

temp 42.0 °C Cold weather temp> 16.0 °C temp 8.1-16.0 °C temp 4.1-8.0 °C temp