EVENT™ NATURAL CATASTROPHE UPDATE Economic impact and insured losses due to natural disasters in 2013 Volume 2 Issue 3

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

Contents Major natural catastrophes in 2013 ........................................................................................ 3 Economic impact and insured losses due to natural disasters in 2013................................... 4 Other natural catastrophe events by peril and location ........................................................ 16

For further information contact: THOMAS KIESSLING, M.Sc. Catastrophe Risk Analyst Willis Re Phone: +49 (0)89 54336 189 Email: [email protected] Willis Re GmbH & Co. KG Nymphenburgerstr. 5 80335 München, Germany

JOHN E. ALARCON, PhD

AVINASH CHOPADE

PRASAD GUNTURI

Senior Team Lead Willis Re Phone: + 91 22 6683 6285 Email: [email protected] Willis Processing Services Plant No.6, Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co Vikhroli (West) Mumbai – 400 079

Senior Vice President Willis Re Phone: +1 952 841 6638 Email: [email protected] Willis Re Inc. 7760 France Ave., Suite 450 Minneapolis MN 55435, USA

Natural catastrophes in 2013

Executive Director, Head of MR&E Willis Re Phone: +44 (0)20 3124 8678 Email: [email protected] Willis Limited 51 Lime Street London EC3M 7DQ, UK

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Volume 2, Issue 3

eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

Major natural catastrophes in 2013 This report summarizes the economic and insured losses from the most relevant natural events occurring in 2013. The loss values presented include Willis own estimates, those reported by catastrophe model vendors, reinsurance companies and third party organizations. With about US$ 35 Bn of insured losses from natural disasters in 2013, the year that has ended presents roughly half of the roughly US$60 Bn insured losses from 2012 and around 30% of the US$ 120 Bn insured losses observed in 2011. The first highlight of 2013 is the low North Atlantic Hurricane activity observed, with no events making landfall in the US, and only one significant tropical cyclone impacting Mexico in the Atlantic (Manuel); at the same time of Manuel, Ingrid hit the Pacific coast of Mexico, though both events produced low insured losses. For North America the most significant events came from the US great plain tornado outbreak in May with a total insured loss of about US$3.5 Bn, the Calgary (about US$ 2Bn insured losses) and Colorado (US$ 0.16 Bn) floods of June and September respectively, and the November Severe Thunderstorms affecting the US Midwest (about US$ 1Bn). Europe was hit by the May-June Central European floods that mainly affected Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic, with insured loss estimates of €2.5-3.5 Bn (about US$ 3.4 – 4.75 Bn), followed by the June-August hail events impacting mainly Germany and France with about €3.5 Bn (US$ 4.75 Bn) of total insured losses. Winter Storms Christian in October (€0.8 – 1.3 Bn losses) and Xaver in December (about €1.0 Bn) were the largest storms hitting Europe in 2013. The Asia-Pacific region was hit by large natural events that caused significant economic losses, though that produced a minor impact on insured values. This effect was due to the low insurance penetration rates in the areas affected by these events. These disasters were the Super Typhoon Haiyan (probably the strongest typhoon ever to make landfall in the instrumentally recorded period) that impacted the Philippines, Vietnam and China; Typhoon Usagi that mainly affected the Philippines and China; the Jakarta floods of January; and the Sichuan, China, earthquake on April the 20th. Australia was impacted by Tropical Cyclone Oswald in January-February, with estimated insured losses of about AUD 1 Bn (US$ 0.9 Bn). The aforementioned events are described in detail in the first part of this report, listed in chronological order, while a summary of a large number of events is consigned in various tables at the end of the document, organized by peril/region affected.

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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Volume 2, Issue 3

eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

Economic impact and insured losses due to natural disasters in 2013 A list of abbreviations and symbols can be found on page 24.

Windstorm Xaver Windstorm Christian Flood Central Europe

Flood Calgary

Earthquake Sichuan

Tornado Midwest

Tropical Cyclone Usagi Flood Colorado

Tornado Moore

Hail Europe

Tropical Cyclone Haiyan

Tropical Cyclone Ingrid Tropical Cyclone Manuel

Tropical Cyclone Oswald Flood Jakarta

Figure 1. Major natural catastrophes in 2013 (Source of map: Willis SpatialKey application)

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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Volume 2, Issue 3

eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

January 15 – 23, 2013

FL Jakarta Jakarta, Java, Indonesia

Insured losses (in M USD)

 

310 (Fitch) 300 (Munich Re)



Severe flooding hit Jakarta resulting in water levels of up to 2 meters on the streets (Insurance News, ReliefWeb)



Triggered by heavy seasonal rain (typical in January) and rising tide



Nearly half of Jakarta lies below sea level (Insurance News) resulting in high risk for flooding by storm surge



> 41 fatalities, 100,000 evacuated (Insurance News, NATDIS) > 10,000 buildings damaged (Humanitarian response) Roads blocked, schools and offices closed, but flights in and out of Jakarta operating normally (BBC, CNN, Insurance News)

 

Economic losses (in M USD)



Figure 2. Jakarta with flooded areas shown in blue as of 17 Jan 2013; numbers indicate affected people (Source: OCHA)

3,000 (Munich Re)

January 15 – February 4, 2013

TC Oswald Queensland (QL) & New South Wales (NSW), Australia



After making landfall near Borroloola on January 19, Oswald turned back into the Gulf of Carpentaria where the tropical cyclone strengthened and made second landfall at the Cape York Peninsula on January 22; Oswald quickly weakened and travelled south along Australia's east coast as tropical depression (equivalent to Category 1 on Australian scale) (Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung, BoM, Willis eVENT)



Oswald caused heavy rainfall across Queensland (QL) and New South Wales (NSW) (e.g., 4-day-record with 819.8 mm in Gladstone, QL and 1,027 mm in the Tweed Catchment of the Upper Rous River, NSW) (WettergefahrenFrühwarnung) Severe flooding and flash flooding following torrential rain, tidal surges and tornadoes, e.g., Burnett River exceeded 9.5 m in Bundaberg, QL (1.5 m higher than during the 2010 flood) (Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung, IFRC)

Insured losses (in M AUD)

 1,030 (ICA) - 908 in QL - 122 in NSW  843 (Insurance Day) - 742 in QL - 101 in NSW



 

Economic losses (in M AUD)

6 fatalities, thousands affected (IFRC) 3,000 buildings flooded in Bundaberg, QL; thousands of houses, businesses, roads, bridges and services destroyed, dam breaches (IFRC, Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung)

 2,500 (Science Insider)   1,440 (ICA via Swiss

250,000 houses without power, transport disruptions (rail, highway, etc.) (Courier-Mail, ARD)

Re)

Figure 3. Top: Total rainfall in January due to Oswald (Source: BoM); Bottom: Oswald’s track (Source: NASA, NRL)

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

EQ Sichuan Sichuan, China Magnitude 6.6

April 20, 2013  Moment magnitude (Mw) 6.6 earthquake struck China's

province Sichuan on April 20, 2013 on 8:02 am local time, followed by several aftershocks (Earthquake report, USGS)

 The earthquake occurred at 12 km depth due to thrust

faulting, potentially along the Longmenshan fault (USGS), which was the source fault of the May 12, 2008 Mw7.9 Sichuan earthquake; thrust fault mechanisms generally create the strongest earthquakes

Insured losses (in M USD)

 Not significant (Willis Re)

 23 (Munich Re) Economic losses (in Bn USD)

 Between 0.1 and 100

 Several landslides were caused by the earthquake  83,000 people affected by Intensity VIII shaking on

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale - MMI, 218,000 by Intensity VII, and overall over 1.52 million people affected (ReliefWeb, USGS)  213 people were killed, 26 missing, 12,000 injured, nearly 100,000 people left homeless; most casualties in Lushan County where the epicenter is located (> 110 deaths) (Earthquake report, NATDIS)

 8,000 buildings collapsed, 4,000 severely damaged and

150,000 slightly damaged; most buildings in the area are of unreinforced brick masonry and adobe block construction, making them highly vulnerable to shaking

(with 83% probability, USGS)

 Between 1.6 and 16 (Want China Times)

 4.1 (CATDAT)  6.8 (Munich Re)

 However, Ya'an, the closest city, did not experience major

damage, as confined masonry and reinforced concrete are most commonly used in cities

 Roads cut off by landslides, disrupted phones, power outages and water supplies compromised

 In the affected area, insurance penetration is very low

Figure 4. The April 20 Sichuan Earthquake (Source: USGS)

being approximated 0.3%; even if a building is insured, earthquake liability is often excluded; furthermore, the area is not an industrial or commercial center

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

May 18 – 20, 2013

TO Moore Moore, Oklahoma, USA

 On 18 May a powerful storm system developed over the

Category 5 on the EF (Enhanced Fujita) Scale

 The most destructive tornado (intensity 5 on the Enhanced

US plains and upper Midwest causing damage in 8 states, especially Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa and Missouri Fujita (EF) scale) devastated parts of Moore, Oklahoma on 20 May

 Measured wind speeds of over 300 km/h  At least 24 fatalities, more than 240 injured  Over 13,000 buildings damaged, 2 elementary schools and 1 hospital in Moore destroyed

Insured losses (in Bn USD)

 Airports closed, power outages, municipal water system

 1.8 (PCS, Munich Re)  2.2 – 6.4 (AIR)  2 – 5 (EQE)  2 – 3.5 (RMS)1  >3 (OID)  2 (EQE)



Natural catastrophes in 2013

Figure 8. Footprint of the Calgary flood event (Source: SERTIT)



At least 4 dams got damaged; the Pinewood Springs Dam broke sending rushing water into the city of Lyons



Roads cut off, highways 7 and 66 shut down, bridges washed away, the state’s oil and gas industries affected, power outages



70% of residential houses are built of wood whereas over 50% of commercial buildings are of steel and concrete being more resistant to floods



Flood insurance is offered by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), but only very little flood risk is actually insured as flood insurance is usually only bought if it’s mandatory by the mortgage lender

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Figure 9. Rainfall across Colorado in September 2013 (Source: NWS)

Figure 10. Map showing counties affected by the flood (green) and settlements (red) in Colorado (Source: EQE, U.S. Census Bureau)

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

September 12 – 17, 2013

TC Ingrid Mexico Hurricane category 1 (SSHS) at peak, tropical storm at landfall

 



Tropical cyclone Ingrid was formed in the Bay of Campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico Ingrid strengthened to a hurricane category 1, but weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall in Mexico over the town of La Pesca (ca. 150 km north of Tampico) shortly before 12:00 UTC on Monday, September 16 (NHC) Most insured residential buildings are of confined masonry, commercial structures mostly of confined and reinforced masonry making them quite resistant against strong winds



Low level of insurance coverage, only around 20 percent insured damages

 0.184 (AMIS)

 

Economic losses (in Bn USD)

Tamaulipas (near landfall) and Veracruz (south) hit worst 40 fatalities including 12 who died in a landslide in the town of Altotonga (Veracruz)



For both Ingrid and Manuel:

23,000 people evacuated (10,000 of these to emergency shelters)



20 highways, 12 bridges and over 10,000 houses experienced damage; both Cayo Arcas and Dos Bocas, two of Mexico's main oil terminals, were closed While Ingrid still wreaked havoc in Mexico, the next Hurricane, Manuel, already headed for Mexico The last time Mexico was hit by two tropical storms in 24 hours was in 1958

Insured losses (in Bn USD)

 5.76 (AMIS)  

Hurricane category 1 (SSHS) at peak, tropical storm at first landfall, category 2 at second landfall

Insured losses (in Bn USD)

 0.2 (EQE)  0.338 (AMIS)

Natural catastrophes in 2013

Figure 12. Satellite image of Ingrid and Manuel over Mexico as of September 15 (Source: Earth observatory)

September 13 – 20, 2013

TC Manuel Mexico

Figure 11. Storm track of Ingrid (Source: NASA, NHC)



Manuel originated south of Acapulco on September 13 and headed northwest making his first landfall near Manzanillo, Mexico around 11 am local time on September 15 as tropical cyclone (sustained wind speeds of 65 mph)



Nearly dissipating Manuel got back over the ocean, strengthened to a hurricane and made his second landfall about 40 miles west of Culiacan, Mexico on September 19 at 8 am local time as a hurricane of category 1 (sustained wind speeds of 75 mph)



Most losses due to flooding rather than wind because buildings are generally well constructed

 

Southern coastal state of Guerrero worst affected Manuel brought extensive rainfall over the states of Sinaloa, Durango and Chihuahua causing flash floods and mud slides 97 deaths, 58 missing, >2,000 people evacuated 35,000 homes damaged or destroyed The main airport terminal in Acapulco remains closed due to flooding; 40,000-60,000 tourists remained stuck

  

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Figure 13. Storm track of Hurricane Manuel (Source: Nasa, NHC)

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

September 16 – 24, 2013

TC Usagi 

Philippines, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Macau

 

Typhoon category 5 (SSHS) at peak, 2 at landfall

Insured losses (in Bn USD)



Not significant (AIR, EQE)

Economic losses (in Bn USD)



2.9 (Provincial civil affairs department China)

Hong Kong escaped the major impact of the storm as it was on the (weaker) left side of Usagi’s path The insured loss for the Philippines and China was minimal due to low insurance penetration Super Typhoon Usagi (also known as Odette) was formed in the West Pacific Basin to the east of the Philippines on Monday, September 16 (JTWC)



Usagi made landfall near the city Shanwei in the province Guangdong (137 km northeast of Hong Kong) around 11:40 UTC on Sunday, September 22 as a Category 2 storm on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS)



70 centimeters of rain, triggering landslides in mountainous areas while coastal areas have been hit by swells, storm surge and high waves

 

> 47 fatalities (U.S. News) 8,490 homes destroyed, more than 300,000 people evacuated (U.S. News)



Over 300 flights cancelled in Hong Kong, trains suspended, fallen trees, power outages, schools and stock market closed, shipping suspended, nuclear power stations operating at a reduced load The storm was intense, but had a small radius of maximum wind speeds



Figure 14. Top: Typhoon Usagi approaching China, September 22 (Source: Earth observatory) Bottom: Path of Typhoon Usagi (Source: NASA, NHC)

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

October 27 – 29, 2013

WS Christian United Kingdom, Germany, France, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden

Insured losses (in M EUR)



 

Associated with Christian’s development the formation of a Sting Jet was observed generating the strongest winds at the surface



Peak gusts of up to 159 km/h were measured on the Isle of Wight, UK, 190 km/h on Helgoland, Germany, and 193 km/h reported in Denmark; gusts of 190 km/h are equivalent to a category 1 hurricane

Total



850 – 1,150 (Willis Re)

   

994 (PERILS) 1,500 – 2,300 (AIR) >1,000 (Munich Re) 1,700 – 2,900 (Credit Suisse) Germany:



250 – 400 (Willis Re) UK:  100 – 150 (Willis Re) Denmark:



134 flood alerts and dozens of flood warnings across England and Wales due to rain accompanying the wind



17 fatalities: 7 in Germany, 4 in UK, 3 in Netherlands, 2 in Denmark and 1 in France



Damage has mainly come from fallen trees, fallen tiles and smashed windows Lorries overturned, overhead wires damaged, concrete pylons toppled over Widespread travel disruption, trains and ferries cancelled, roads closed, 1,500 people stranded in Copenhagen, 7,500 in Stockholm, >130 flights cancelled at Heathrow, approximately 50 cancelled in Amsterdam

 



Some 660,000 properties without power in UK (BBC), 75,000 buildings in France (Reuters), 80,000 in Sweden and thousands in Finland



Regarding peak gusts Christian would compare to Daria in 1990, but affected locations were with much less economic activity and therefore resulted in lower losses



300 – 350 (Willis Re) Sweden & Rest of Nordic:



50 (Willis Re) Netherlands:

During October 27-29, UK, Northern France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark and Northern Germany were impacted by a single storm system, consisting of the two low pressure systems Burkhard and Christian Windstorm Christian is also known as St. Jude’s Day storm in UK, Carmen in Denmark and Simone in Sweden

Figure 15. Footprint of Christian showing peak gusts of 28 October 2013 (Source: Willis SpatialKey Application, data based on numerical modelling results from KAC)

 

100 – 150 (Willis Re) 105 (Dutch Insurance Association) France & Belgium:



Not significant (Willis Re)

Figure 16. Satellite image of Christian on 28 October at 11:58 UTC (Source: NOAA)

Economic Losses (in M EUR) Total



2,000 (PERILS via Swiss Re)

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

November 3 – 11, 2013

TC Haiyan Philippines, Vietnam, China Super Typhoon (Category 5)



 

Insured losses (in Bn USD)

    

0.5 – 0.7 (Willis Re) 0.4 – 0.7 (KAC) 0.3 – 0.7 (AIR) 0.7 (Munich Re) < 0.1 (EQE)

Economic losses (in Bn USD)

 

6.5 – 14.5 (AIR) 10 (Munich Re)



Haiyan may be the strongest typhoon to ever make landfall, but meteorologists were not able to confirm this (instruments often get destroyed during extreme events)



Haiyan’s intensity only slightly decreased as it moved across the Philippines where it made landfall several times before travelling further to the northwest where it hit Vietnam and China as a typhoon equivalent to a Category 1 storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale



17 feet (5 m) storm surge in Tacloban, the biggest city in the hardest-hit central Philippines, inundated wide areas with floodwater > 7,000 fatalities (Swiss Re), figures still rising, thousands injured, many missing 13 million people affected (OCHA), 2.5 million in need of food and assistance (UN), > 4 million displaced

     

Natural catastrophes in 2013

After its cyclogenesis Haiyan, known as Yolanda in the Philippines, quickly intensified and reached Super Typhoon status (equivalent to Category 5 on the SSHS (Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale) on 6 November Very low insurance penetration; hence, limited impact to reinsurance market On 8 November 4:40 local time Haiyan made landfall over Samar Island, Philippines, with one minute sustained wind speeds of 315 km/h (195 mph) with peak gusts of 378 km/h (235 mph) (JTWC)

> 709,000 buildings damaged Much of the infrastructure destroyed, many roads impassable, airport suffered almost total loss, widespread power outages Many fallen trees and flying debris Shipbuilding industry, port facilities, commercial businesses affected, severe business interruption

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Figure 17. Top: Track and wind field of Haiyan per SSHS category (wind speed in kt); bottom: Storm surge due to Haiyan hitting the Philippines (in ft) (Source: Willis SpatialKey Application, data based on numerical modelling results from KAC)

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

TO Midwest Midwest, USA, especially Illinois Category 4 on the EF (Enhanced Fujita) Scale

Insured losses (in Bn USD)



1 (RMS, as reported by various media (i.a.: Artemis, Business Insurance, Insurance Insider, Insurance Journal))

November 17, 2013 

   

Up to baseball sized hailstones observed The late season outbreak was caused by a low pressure system meeting unusually warm and humid air for November and a very strong jet stream

 

8 fatalities, hundreds injured > 2,441 houses damaged, nearly 1000 destroyed in Illinois (illinois.gov), the worst affected state

 

> 300,000 homes without power for over 2 days Residential buildings in the affected area is typically wood-frame construction which is highly vulnerable to strong winds



 

Insured losses (in M EUR) Total  700 – 1,400 (AIR)  1,000 (Swiss Re)  > 1,000 (Munich Re)  680 (PERILS)  1,400 – 1,900 (Credit Suisse) UK:



116 (PwC)

Economic Losses (in M EUR) Total  > 1,400 (Swiss Re)

Natural catastrophes in 2013

Figure 18. Tornadoes, hail and wind events across the Midwest on 17 November 2013 (Source: SPC)

December 4 – 7, 2013

WS Xaver United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Poland

Severe thunderstorms brought strong winds, hail and tornadoes to the U.S. Midwest on 17 November: Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee with Illinois and Indiana hit worst 136 tornadoes and 46 hail storms reported (SPC) 2 tornadoes of category 4 on the EF (Enhanced Fujita) Scale with wind speeds of over 300 km/h hitting Washington, Illinois and New Minden, Illinois

Windstorm Xaver (named Bodil and Sven in Scandinavian countries) developed over the North Atlantic Sea on 4 December, moved across the north of the UK on 5 December, crossed the North Sea and headed to Eastern Europe bringing rain and snow Peak gusts of up to 148km/h and 158 km/h along the Danish and German coast were measured, respectively Travelling quite slowly Xaver produced a storm surge with heights of 4 m above normal high tide in Hamburg (DWD) and caused a difference of 2 m in water height between front and back of the closed Thames Barrier



Storm surge was favored by new moon causing spring tide (DWD)

  

> 11 fatalities, many injured (Focus) 1,400 properties flooded in coastal towns in UK > 500,000 without power (mainly in Poland), communication, ship traffic and rail services suspended, flights cancelled, schools closed (DWD)



Storm surge was higher than in 1953 (UK) and 1962 (Germany), but many coastal defence strategies were implemented since preventing significant damages



Although Xaver’s footprint was broader than Christian’s in October, it affected more low populated areas resulting in lower losses

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Figure 19. Windstorm Xaver with wind speeds in km/h on 6 December 2013 at 00 UTC (Source: wetter3)

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

Other natural catastrophe events by peril and location Blizzard Name

Date

Location

Losses (M USD)

Nemo

February 7 – 11

Northeastern USA

Expected to be low

Rocky

February 24 – 26

South and Midwest, U.S.

Insured: 690 (PCS)

US & Canada

December 20 – 23

Northern USA and Canada

Unknown

Hail Name

Date

Location

Losses (M EUR)

Malta

January 15

Malta

Insured: 1 (Insurance News)

Texas

May 8 – 11

Texas, USA

Insured: 135 (PCS)

South Dakota

August 31

South Dakota, USA

Insured: 250 (GI Council India)

China

July 6 – August

China, especially Sichuan

Economic: 4,533 (ReliefWeb)

Toronto

July 8

Toronto, Canada

Insured: 850 (IBC)

Nottinghamshire

July 23 – August

Nottinghamshire, UK

Unknown

North Carolina

July 27 – August

North Carolina, USA

Unknown

Japan

July 28 – August

Japan

Unknown

Inner Mongolia

July 30 – August

Inner Mongolia

Unknown

Sudan

August 1 – 22

Sudan

Economic: medium impact (GDACS)

Central USA

August 4 – 31

Kansas and Missouri, USA

Unknown

Eastern Russia

August 14 – 31

Eastern Russia

Economic: 605 (Russian Soybean Union)

Inner Mongolia

August 14 – 23

Liaoning and Inner Mongolia

Economic: 359.24 (NATDIS)

Teeside Eastern Romania Thailand

September 6 – 30

Teesside, Northeast England, UK

Unknown

September 11 – 30

Eastern Romania

Insured: not significant

September 18 – 30

Thailand

Unknown

South Brazil

September 21 – 22

South Brazil

Unknown

Central Texas

October 30 – 31

Central Texas, USA

Insured: 30 (Reuters)

Abbreviations Symbols from Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) BL

Blizzard

TC

Tropical Cyclone

DR

Drought

TO

Tornado

EQ

Earthquake

TS

Thunderstorm

FL

Flood

VE

Volcanic Eruption

HL

Hail

WF

Wildfire

ME

Meteoroid

WS

Windstorm

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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eVENT Natural Catastrophes in 2013

Sources Advisen Insurance intelligence (advisen.com), AIR (AIR Worldwide: air-worldwide.com), A.M. Best (A.M. Best Company: ambest.com), AMIS (Mexican Association of Insurance Institutions: amis.org.mx), ARD (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: tagesschau.de), Artemis (artemis.co.uk), au.news.yahoo.com (Yahoo!7, Australia: au.news.yahoo.com), BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation: bbc.co.uk), BfG (Bundesamt für Gewässerkunde (Deutschland)), BN Americas (Business News Americas: bnamericas.com), BoM (Bureau of Meteorology, Australia: bom.gov.au), Business Insurance (businessinsurance.com), CAP (Czech Association of Insurance Companies: cap.cz), CATDAT (Integrated Historical Global Catastrophe Database by CEDIM/KIT (Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology / Karlsruhe Institute of Technology): earthquake-report.com), CBS News (CBS Broadcasting Inc.: cbsnews.com), CEDIM (Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology), Clicanoo (Le Journal de l'île de La Réunion: clicanoo.re), CNN (Cable News Network: edition.cnn.com), Courier-Mail (Australia: couriermail.com.au), Credit Suisse (credit-suisse.com), DIHK (Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag: dihk.de), Dutch Insurance Association (Verbond Van Verzekeraars: verzekeraars.nl), DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst: dwd.de), Earth observatory (by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA): earthobservatory.nasa.gov), Earthquake report (by CEDIM/KIT (Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology / Karlsruhe Institute of Technology): earthquake-report.com), EcoAustria (ecoaustria.at), EQE (EQECAT, Inc.: eqecat.com), European Severe Weather Database (www.essl.org/ESWD), FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee: fgdc.gov), Fitch (Fitch Ratings: fitchratings.com), FNO (Finance Noway: fno.no/en), Focus (focus.de), GDACS (Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System: gdacs.org), GDV (Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V.: gdv.de), GI Council India (General Insurance Council India: gicouncil.in), Hochwasserzentralen (Länderübergreifendes Hochwasserportal Deutschland: hochwasserzentralen.de), Humanitarian response (by OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs): humanitarianresponse.info), IBC (Insurance Bureau of Canada: ibc.ca), ICA (Insurance Council of Australia: insurancecouncil.com.au), ICNZ (The Insurance Council of New Zealand: icnz.org.nz), IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: ifrc.org), illinois.gov (Official Website for the State of Illinois: illinois.gov), InciWeb (Incident Information System: inciweb.org), Insurance Day (insuranceday.com), Insurance Insider (insuranceinsider.com), Insurance Journal (insurancejournal.com), Insurance News (Informa Insurance News: i-law.com), Jakarta Globe (thejakartaglobe.com), JBA (JBA Risk Management Limited: jbarisk.com), JTWC (Joint Typhoon Warning Center: jtwccdn.appspot.com/JTWC), KAC (Kinetic Analysis Corporation: kinanco.com), Lord Howe Island Authority, Munich Re (munichre.com), NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA: nasa.gov), NATDIS (Natural Disaster News: naturaldisastersnews.net), NHC (National Hurricane Center: nhc.noaa.gov), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA: noaa.gov), NRL (United States Naval Research Laboratory: nrlmry.navy.mil), NWS (NOAA National Weather Service: weather.gov), NZEC (New Zealand Earthquake Commission), OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: unocha.org), Office of Commissioner of Insurance, OID (Oklahoma Insurance Department: ok.gov/oid), PCS (Property Claims Services: verisk.com/property-claim-services), PERILS (PERILS AG: perils.org), Provincial civil affairs department China, Provincial Flood Control Office China, ReliefWeb (by OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs): reliefweb.int), PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers: pwc.co.uk), Reuters (reuters.com), RMIIA (Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association: rmiia.org), RMS (Risk Management Solutions: rms.com), Russian Soybean Union, Science Insider (news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider), SCOR (scor.com), SERTIT (sertit.u-strasbg.fr), SPC (Storm Prediction Center, NOAA’s National Weather Service: spc.noaa.gov), Spiegel (spiegel.de), State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office China, Sun.Star (sunstar.com.ph), Swiss Re (swissre.com), UN (United Nations: un.org), UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund: unicef.org), U.S. Census Bureau (census.gov), USGS (United States Geological Survey: usgs.gov), U.S. News (U.S. News & World Report: usnews.com), Want China Times (wantchinatimes.com), Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung (by CEDIM/KIT (Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology / Karlsruhe Institute of Technology): wettergefahren-fruehwarnung.de), Wetter3 (wetter3.de), WetterOnline (wetteronline.de), Willis, Willis eVENT, Willis Re, Willis SpatialKey Application, WSWS (World Socialist Web Site: wsws.org)

Disclaimer Kinetic Analysis Corporation The TAOS real-time hazard and impact forecast information is provided "as is" and without warranties as to performance or any other warranties whether expressed or implied. The user is strongly cautioned to recognize that natural hazards modeling and analysis are subject to many uncertainties. These uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the uncertainties inherent in weather and climate, incomplete or inaccurate weather data, changes to the natural and built environment, limited historical records, and limitations in the state of the art of modeling, as well as limits to the scientific understanding of storm weather phenomena. Anyone making use of the hazard and impact information provided by KAC, or the information contained within, assumes all liability deriving from such use, and agrees to "hold harmless" any and all agencies or individuals associated with its creation. The user agrees to provide any subsequent users of this data with this disclaimer. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty that this information is suitable for any general or particular use.

Natural catastrophes in 2013

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Volume 2, Issue 3

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