EVALUATION OF CANDLE RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE

EVALUATION OF CANDLE RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE Can. J. Anim. Sci. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by MICHIGAN STATE UN...
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EVALUATION OF CANDLE RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR SWINE

Can. J. Anim. Sci. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by MICHIGAN STATE UNIV on 01/27/17 For personal use only.

J. M. BELL, D. M. ANDERSONT, and A. SHIRES2 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Cr.tllege of Agriculture, University of Saskatt'hewan, Saskatoon, Srzsft. SZN 0W0. Received Il Juh, 1980, accepted 9 Mar.

I98t.

A.

Br,r-r-, J. M., ANoEnsoN, D. M. eNo SHrnns, 1981. Evaluation of Candle rapeseed meal as a protein supplement for swine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 61: 453-461 .

Two experiments were conductcd to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) produced from seed of Brassica campestris L. 'Candle' in comparison with B. napus L. 'Tower', soybean meal and fababeans (Vicia faba'\ as protein supplements fbr growing swine. In experiment I Candle RSM (5, l0 or l57c) was substituted for soybean meal or fababeans in barley- and wheat-based diets for 120 pigs fiom 23 to 88 kg livcweight. The effects of supplementary iodine (0.14 mg l/kg diet) and amino acids (0.l5Vc lysine and 0.057o methionine) on thc nutritivc value of Candle RSM were also studied. The results of experiment I indicated that daily feed intake and carcass value indcx were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by diets. The growth and t'eed utilization responses of pigs fed diets which contained soybean meal and fababeans as the sole source of supplcmentary protein were similar and the rcplacement of these protein supplements with Candle RSM, unless supplemented with amino acids, resulted in a reduction in rate of growth and efficiency of feed utilization. Gains adjusted by regression fbr feed intake variations showed benefit from lysine. Die ts containing I 5 7c of either Candle or Tower RSM, plus lysine, were utilizcd about 95% as efficiently as soybean meal diets. Supplementation with iodine produced no significant response. The digestibility coefficients of the protein and energy of Candle RSM and soybean meal were determined in experiment 2. The apparcnt dige stibility of protein in Candle RSM was 8l % and energy digestibility was'7lVc. The digestible energy content was 14.l2 MJ/kg (3370 kcal/kg), dry matter basis.

Deux exp6riences ont 6t6 r6alisdcs pour comparer la valcur du tourteau de colza (.Brassica campestris L. 'Candle') au tourteau de colza Tower (Brassica napus L.) au tourteau de soja et la f6verole (Viciafaba). comme compl6ment prot6ique pour les porcs en crossance. Dans la premidre, on a remplac6 le tourteau de soja ou les fEveroles

i

pardutourteaudecolzaCandle, danslesproportionsdc5, l0 ou157c, dansdesrdgimes d base de bl6 ou d'orge. L'expdrience s'est faite sur 120 porcs d'un poids initial moyen de 23 kg et d'un poids final de 88 kg. On a aussi dtudi6 les effets d'un suppl6ment d'iode (0. 14 mg l/kg d'aliment) ct d'acides amin6s (0. l5clc lysine eI0.05a/o m6thionine) sur la

valeur nutritive du toufteau de colza. Les divers r6gimes ne semblent pas avoir influd significativement sur l'ingcstionjournalidre ni sur l'indice de la carcasse. La croissance et la valorisation des aliments manifest6es oar les norcs recevant le tourteau de soia ct la feverole comme \ources exclusives de complement proteique etaient du mime oidre et

rAlberta Agriculture. Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory. 801 O.S. Longman Building, 6909 - I l8 Street, Edmonton,

Alta. T6H 4P2.

2Formerly Professional Research Associate. Present address (A.S.): Dcpartrnent of Animal Science, University of

Alberta, Edmonton. Alta. T6G 283. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 6l: 453_16l (June l98l)

453

454

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

tourteau de colza Candle, sans suppl6mentation acidoamin6e, a provoqu6 une chute du croit journalier (GMQ) et de la valorisation des aliments. Le gain de poids r6gress6 sur les variations de I'ingestion alimentaire a fait ressortir le bienfait d'un apport compl6mentaire de lysine. Les r6gimes contenant 157o de tourteau de colza Candie ou Tower, avec lysine, ont 6t6 valoris6s presque aussi bien (95%'1 que les r6gimes d toufteau de soja. La suppl6mentation iod6e n'a pas eu d'effet particulier. Dans I'exp6rience n" 2, les coefficients de digestibilit6 des prot6ines et de i'6nergie du tourteau Candle et du tourteau de soja ont 6t6 compar6s. La digestibilit6 apparente du tourteau de colza 6tait de 8 I % pour les protdines et de 1l%.pour l'6nergie. Livaleur 6ner-edtique de l'aliment. calcul6e sur la matidre sdche, 6tait de 14.12 MJ/kg, soit 3370 kcal/kg.

Can. J. Anim. Sci. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by MICHIGAN STATE UNIV on 01/27/17 For personal use only.

la substitution partielle du

that are low in glucosinolates has allowed rapeseed meal to be used more extensively in animal diets. "Canola" now designates, for commercial purposes, Canadian meals derived from low giucosinolate. low erucic acid

The development of cultivars of rapeseed

1914) indiets for growing pigs. The effects of supplementary iodine, with and without sup-

plementary amino acids (lysine ung methionine), were compared using both Tower and Candle RSM. A diet containing Tower RSIvI and one containing soybean

cultivars of both B. napus and B . campestris meal served as controls. A second experiment species. Tower rapeseed meal (RSM), a lorv was undertaken to evaluate digestibility of giucosinolate culti rar of B . napus, compares energy and protein in Candle RSM' favorably with soybean meal as a proteln supplement in swine diets (Aherne et al. 1911)

and poultry diets (Clandinin et al. 1911). Rapeseed meal is a better source of sulfur amino acids than soybean meal but its

protein fiHi|ff:i"Ldtwenty

contains less lysine (Clandinin et aI. 1972). Recently a cultivar of B. campesrrls, Candle, containing a similarly low level of giucosinolates, thinner hull and predominantly yellow seed coat, was procluced. The reduced hull content apparently has not resulted in much improvement for f'eeding to pigs (Kennelly et

ar

re78)

MATERIALS AND METHODS

.'"*"":"., '

yorkshire X Lacombe X Landrace pigs (60 barrows and 60 gilts) with a mean initial weight of 22.9 kg were allotted at random within replicates to l2 dietary treatments (Table I ). The treatments included eight diets containing Candle RSM,partially or totally replacing protein supplement and soybein meal as ^the. similarly replacing fababeans such that RSM com-

__ Rtil.*,:..h'J#u'Jlir,Tl;iil:i1ilj.ffi

,,"TJu'i.,ilI .iiffi?iT1',r,:i i',1'"b':J,

ltrulru*:";.*'H."*ii'-',lff#"J,!;

(Ochetimetal. l980a,b). Someof thisgoitrogenicity may be associated with indolylisothiocyanate which was found recent-

dayuntiltheyweighedabout5Tkgandtwicedaily

80-907o reduction in glucosinolates (mainly were housed in groups of four in pens equipped precursors of oxazolidinethione and butenyl with individual feeding stalls. Pigs were allowed isothiocyanates) some goitrogenicity remains access to feed for approximately I h three times-a thereafter' Water was available ad libitum except during feeding' Individual body weights and feed

lyinrapeseed(McGregorl978).Thiscom-consumptionwererecordedatweeklyinterva]s. pound may yierd thioiyanare in vivo and 3il:XX'f;J1il'?f||il*'li.',",Ti::'Ji|i!:1"i: hence may resemble the iodine-responsive measured. The data were analyzed by analysis of

"cabbagegoitrefactor"(Marineetal.1930). variance and cova.anc" und DunCun's (1955) The work described in this report compares multiple range test was used to determine the Candle RSM as a partial or total replacement significance of differences between means. The of supplementary soybean meal (SBM) and experiment was conducte 0.05) but the protein in diets containing soybean meal and l5Va fababeans was more digestible than the protein in the basal grains and in the 30Vo fababean diet. The effective apparent digestibility of the grain protein, when fed in Table

7.

on each diet containing

0, l5 and 307o RSM.

Salo (1980) obtained a value

of

14.28 MJ

ME/kg for Candle RSM. This DE value (3370 kcal,zkg) is slightly greater than those obtained by May and Bell (1911) and Saben et al. (1971) of 3280 and

3210 kcal/ke, respectively, for the older, high glucosinolate, cultivars of RSM, and may reflect the lower crude fiber content of the thin-hulled, yellow seed coat Candle cultivar.

The DE value appropriate for use in practical feed formulation is usually based on air-dry material. Each percentage unit change in moisture is inversely related to about 34 kcal/kgchange in DE content. RSM samples received in this laboratory have ranged from

CoefTicients of apparent digestibility for dry matter, crude protein and energy test rations Apparent digestibility (%)

Proteinf in diet

Dry

Ration

(Vc)

matter

Basal, cereals Candle RSM l57c Candle RSM 307o Soybean meal,25Vo Fababeans, l57c

13.3

75.8+

) Q'f

70.0 + l .22bc

n.5

09 79

8l

77 .5

14.0

74.8 + 74.3 + 78.0 + 78.3 +

73.5

21.6

48

Fababeans, 307o

15.4

75.3+

l9

tolcN

459

Crude protein

71

+2.l8ab

.0+l.4lab

+ 2.87 a 1'7.0+2.94a 71.3+2.86bc

Energy 4.8 + 2.77 73.8 + 1.09 73.5 + l.l9 76.3 + 2.17 78.3 + 1 .92 7 4.5 + 2.60 7

x

6.25. -fStandard deviation, a-c Means not bearing a common letter are significantly different (P

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