European Agenda on Integration

Promouvoir l’intégration des migrant.e.s travaillant dans l’aide et les services à domicile en Europe Promover la integración de las trabajadoras y trabajadores domésticos migrantes en Europa

What is integration? • “The participation of individual in economic, social , cultural and civic life on equal footing, thus contributing to and benefitting from society’s well being”. Integration can be described and measured in terms of openness and inclusion: the degree to which opportunities are offered and seized to take part in and become part of societal entities” (Niessen 2011) 2/21/2013

Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Toward an EU common approach to integration of TCNs

• Treaty of Lisbon (in force in 2009) provides a legal basis for the promotion of integration at EU level (art 79.4) • European Council Multi-annual Programmes:

 1999 Tampere: call for common immigration policies including integration of TCN. Integration policies should aim at granting TCN rights and obligations comparable to those of citizens  2004 Hague: highlighted need for more coordinated integration policies and need for a common basic principles as a framework for EU initiatives on integration  2009 Stockholm: development of structures and tools for knowledge exchange and coordination with other policy areas such as employment, education and social inclusion. EC to develop a “common reference framework”, identify “modules to support integration” and develop “core indicators for monitoring the result of integration policies

• European Ministerial Conferences on Integration held respectively in Potsdam (2007), Vichy (2008) and Zaragoza (2010) 2/21/2013

Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Development of a Common agenda for integration • 2004: the Common Basic Principles for immigrant integration policy underline the importance of a holistic approach to integration and aim, inter alia, at assisting EU States in formulating integration policies. • The Commission’s 2005 Common Agenda for Integration has helped to implement the Common Basic Principles. EU policy on integration has been further framed by the 2009 Stockholm Programme and the Europe 2020 Strategy

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EU 2020 strategy for growth ’EU-wide targets for both MSs and EU among which:

• employment rate at 75% for 20-64years old, by among others better integration of legal migrants. • Improve education levels • Promoting social inclusion

Europe 20202 Integrated Guidelines (part II on employment policies):

• Guideline 7: “Member States should increase labour force participation through policies to promote active ageing, gender equality and equal pay and labour market integration of young people, disabled, legal migrants and other vulnerable groups”. “Member States should also remove barriers to labour market entry for newcomers”. • Guideline 8: calls for “targeted migration and integration policies”, as well as the need to “remove barriers to occupational and geographical mobility of workers”. • Guideline 10 presses for efforts to also concentrate on ensuring equal opportunities, including through access to affordable, sustainable and high quality services and public services and in particular health care. Legal migrants are specifically mentioned with regard to the need for benefit systems to focus on ensuring income security during transitions and reducing poverty. 2/21/2013

New European Agenda for the Integration of TCNs (2011) Integration strategies remain prerogative of Ms but it provides standards for monitoring, benchmarking, and exchanging good practices between MSs. Main elements: • • • • • • • • • • •

Integration as a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of member states. Integration implies respect for the basic values of the EU. Employment is a key part of the integration process. Basic knowledge of the host society’s language, history and institutions is key Efforts in education are critical for preparing immigrants to be more successful and active. Access for immigrants to institutions, public goods and services, on equal basis to national citizens and in a non-discriminatory way Need for frequent interaction between immigrants and member state citizens. The practices of diverse cultures and religion in line with Charter of Fundamental Rights must be guaranteed. The participation of immigrants in the democratic process and in the formulation of integration policies, especially at the local level, supports their integration. Integration policies and measures must be part of all relevant policy portfolios and levels of government. Need to develop clear goals, indicators and evaluation mechanisms to adjust policy, evaluate progress and make the exchange of information more effective is also part of the process.

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Relevant tools • Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) assess integration policies in terms of labour market mobility, family reunification rules, access to education, political participation, long term residence, access to nationality, and anti-discrimination legislation, using 148 different policy indicators as a normative benchmark. ). Best practices are identified as those which allow migrants the most access to guaranteed equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities. • It assess policies not integration outcomes • Development of practical tools to guide MS on integration matters: European Handbooks on integration, EU integration modules 2/21/2013

Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

An action research component Rationale, objectives and methodology

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Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Rationale • The ILO is interested to look at labour market integration in particular in terms of enjoyment of fair and decent working conditions and in terms of access to labour and human rights as defined in international labour standards and human rights instrument. • The research is inspired and anchored into the recently adopted C189 and on other ILO standards applicable to migrant workers. • An action oriented research aimed at stimulating dialogue, and elaborate policy recommendations 2/21/2013

Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Objectives • Enhance the awareness of European social partners, labour market and other relevant actors, including local authorities, about the main challenges to socioeconomic integration of MDWs, as well as about existing instruments to guarantee the protection of their rights; • Provide relevant stakeholders with enhanced capacities to plan and implement effective policies and programmes to remove the barriers and pro-actively promote the socioeconomic integration of MDWs.

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Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Labour market integration • We have considered 3 dimensions  quantitative dimension of participation – (e.g.labour force participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, hours of work, etc)  Qualitative dimension of participation (eg wage level, working time, contractual status, job security, entitlement to minimum employment rights enjoyed by other workers such as overtime pay, paid sick leave, social security);  labour market mobility – e.g. movement to another segment of the labour market, another occupation or sector, or employment conditions; and opportunities for mobility.

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Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Migration policies on 3rd country nationals

Migrant and employment status of 3rd country national Regular – irregular migration/employment situation

Typology of regime

Quantitative dimension Qualitative dimension

Indicators

Intervening Factors Characteristics of MDWs Entry time and route Legal employment regime Care regime Employers’ characteristics and perceptions 2/21/2013

Labour market integration

Mobility

Our research questions •

In what ways do migration policies (regarding admission, right to stay and right to work) affect the labour market integration of 3rd country MDWs in the EU? (Link between boxes 1 and 4)  What have been the features, trends and changes in the country’s policies regarding migrant workers over the past 10 years?  What is the labour market situation of domestic workers, and migrant domestic workers particularly (boxes 2 & 3)?  What is situation of non-EU migrant domestic workers compared to that of EU MDWs and nationals (box 4)? Are there specific groups of MDWs who tend to be concentrated in the poorest quality and most insecure domestic work jobs?  How do individual- and country-level factors such as specific characteristics of MDWs (nationality, level of education, employment history, etc.) or the country care and welfare regime influence the relation between admission policies (entry into host country, right to stay, right to work) and integration outcomes (boxes 2 , 3 & 4 )? 2/21/2013

Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Our research methodology • Desk review on policies, legislation and statistics • Empirical research:  Qualitative interviews, base on biographical histories/”individual trajectories” Around 50-60 MDWs in depth interviews per country, wide range of nationalities, including EU, max 10-12 years residence, variety of tasks performed, both men and women.  Key informants interviews  Stakeholders consultations

• Devolution of research results to stakeholder with a view to promote dialogue and elaborate policy recommendations 2/21/2013

Project Coordination Meeting, 19 January 2012

Thank you for your attention!