G e o g r a p h y
A l i v e !
R e g i o n s
a n d
P e o p l e
Europe and Russia
Overview
Materials
In this Mapping Lab, students work in pairs to complete a series of geography challenges that spiral in difficulty. First they label a physical map and a political map of Europe and Russia to learn about the region’s physical and human geography. Then, to answer questions about the region, students simulate the use of geographic information systems (GIS) with thematic maps and transparency overlays. Finally, students follow the steps in the geographic inquiry process (GIP) to interpret a field photograph from the region.
• Geography Alive! Regions and People • Interactive Student Notebooks or Mapping Lab Student Handouts for the Preview and Challenges 1–5 (1 of each per student)
Objectives
• Europe and Russia Visuals 1–7 (1 transpar-
Students will
ency of Visual 6 for each
• label physical and political maps of the region.
pair of students)
• identify characteristics of the region’s physical and human geography on a map.
• Europe and Russia
• practice layering geographic information, similar to geographic information systems (GIS).
• Challenges 1–5 Student
• apply the steps in the geographic inquiry process (GIP).
Placards 1–5 (3 sets)
Directions (1 transparency of each) • Challenge 3 Cards
Preview Distribute the Student Handouts for the Europe and Russia Preview (or have students turn to those pages in their Interactive Student Notebooks). Review the directions for the activity, and answer any questions students have. After students complete the Preview, have them share their mental maps in pairs or have several volunteers share theirs with the class. Then explain that in this Mapping Lab, students will learn much more about the physical and human geography of Europe and Russia and will have an opportunity to check the accuracy of their preconceptions about the region
(2 copies) • Challenge 3 Station Labels (3 copies) • Challenge 4 Cards (3 copies) • Guide to Challenge 5 Student Handout (1 transparency) • colored pencils • transparency pens (3 each of 5 colors)
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Preview: Making a Mental Map of the Region Part 1: Look at the unfinished outline map of Europe on the next page. Add a compass rose to the map, showing where north, south, east, and west are. Then draw and label these features where you think they are located: • the prime meridian • the British Isles, Spain and Portugal, and Italy • political boundaries for any other countries you think you know • the ocean that lies west of this region and the large body of water that lies south of this region • any European cities you think you know Part 2: Look at the outline map of Russia on the next page. Add a compass rose to the map. Then draw and label these features where you think they are located: • the Arctic Circle • the ocean that lies north of this region • any area(s) that you think have a cold, polar climate • any Russian cities you think you know
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S t u d e n t
H a n d o u t
Europe
Russia
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P r o c e d u r e s
Challenge 1: Learning About the Physical Geography of Europe and Russia 1 Place students in pairs. Have students work in these pairs throughout the Mapping Lab. 2 Explain the purpose of Challenge 1. Tell students that in Challenge 1 they will get an overview of the physical geography of Europe and Russia. They will label physical maps of the region and will read about and identify key characteristics of the region’s physical geography. 3 Have students complete Challenge 1. Distribute the Challenge 1 Student Handout (or have students turn to the Challenge 1 maps in their Interactive Student Notebooks). Project a transparency of the Challenge 1 Student Directions and review the steps with students. (Note: If this is students’ first Mapping Lab, consider completing all the steps as a class for a single physical feature, such as the Baltic Sea. Then give pairs time to complete the challenge, or give students a copy of the Student Directions and have them complete Challenge 1 for homework.)
Visual 1
Here are some tips for executing Challenge 1 effectively: • Project Europe and Russia Visual 1, the physical features maps. Assign each pair a different physical feature from the list to start with. • Circulate to spot-check students’ work. Use the Guide to Student Handout for Challenge 1 to check answers.
Visual 6
• Consider reviewing answers as a class. Have volunteers label each physical feature on a transparency of the Challenge 1 maps as the class checks their answers. 4 Help students make connections between information about the region’s physical geography and details on thematic maps. • Have students read “Introducing the Region: Physical Geography” through the “Physical Features” subsection in Geography Alive! Regions and People. • Project Visual 1 and overlay a transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6, the political boundaries maps. Ask students to find two or more sentences with information that is graphically represented on the map. For example, if students read, “Several mountain ranges cut across Europe,” they might identify some of these—the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Apennines—on the physical features map of Europe.
Visual 2
• Ask several pairs to come up to the map. Have one partner read the sentence to the class while the other points out the visual detail on the map that represents that information. • Repeat this process with the “Climate” subsection of the text and Europe and Russia Visual 2, the climate zones maps; and finally with the “Vegetation” subsection of the text and Europe and Russia Visual 3, the vegetation zones maps. Overlay a transparency of Visual 6 when you project each map. Visual 3
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D i r e c t i o n s
Challenge 1: Learning About the Physical Geography of Europe and Russia 1. Get your physical features maps for Europe and Russia Mapping Lab, Challenge 1. 2. Select one of the physical features listed below. Find it on the physical maps of Europe and Russia in Geography Alive! Regions and People. 3. Locate and label that feature on your physical features map. (If there is no room to write your label, draw a line from the feature to a place where you have more room to write.) 4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until you have found and labeled all 15 physical features.
Physical Features of Europe and Russia If you have trouble finding a feature, the latitude and longitude coordinates will help you get close to its location.
Europe 1. Baltic Sea (57°N, 20°E)
2. Northern European Plain (55°N, 25°E)
3. Iberian Peninsula (40°N, 5°W)
4. Alps (46°N, 10°E)
5. Danube River (45°N, 20°E)
6. Apennines (43°N, 13°E)
7. Scandinavia (65°N, 15°E)
8. Black Sea (43°N, 35°E)
9. Mediterranean Sea (40°N, 5°E)
Russia 10. Central Siberian Plateau (65°N, 100°E)
11. Kamchatka Peninsula (55°N, 160°E)
12. Lake Baikal (53°N, 108°E)
13. Ob River (62°N, 65°E)
14. Caucasus Mountains (43°N, 45°E)
15. Volga River (50°N, 45°E)
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Challenge 1: Learning About the Physical Geography of Europe and Russia 20°W
cC
70°N
0°
10°E
N
70°
20°E
40°E
50°E le
60°E
°N 70°E
le
C tic
80°E
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irc
irc
°N
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Ar
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50
Ar
°N
250
0
500 miles
°N
0 250 500 kilometers AzimuthalEqual-Area Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Areaprojection projection
50
°N
40
AT L A N T I C OCEAN
N W E S °N
30
40°
N
20°E
30°E
500
0 80°N
70°N
Arctic C
60°N
50°N
ircle
0°
40°E
50°E
1,000 miles
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Conformal Conic projection
60°N
10°E
70°N
0°
80°N
10°W
170°W
Arc tic C
ircl e
ARCTIC OCEAN 180°
PACIFIC OCEAN
50°N
10°E
170°E 20°E
160°E
°N
40 40
°N
30°E
N 40°E
E 50°E
8
60°E
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80°E
90°E
100°E
110°E
120°E
S
130°E
140°E
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Challenge 1: Learning About the Physical Geography of Europe and Russia 70°N
20°W
cC
0°
10°E
N
70°
20°E
40°E
50°E cle
irc
le
c cti
60°E
°N 70°E
80°E
60
Cir
°N
cti
Ar
60
50
Ar
°N
0 250 500 kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
°N
40
°N
Baltic Sea
AT L A N T I C 50
500 miles
250
0
Scandinavia
OCEAN
Northern European Plain
N
Danube River
W E
Alps
S
Black Sea
40°
°N
30
Apennines
N
Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean Sea 20°E
30°E
500
0 80°N
70°N
Arctic C
60°N
50°N
ircle
0°
40°E
50°E
1,000 miles
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Conformal Conic projection
60°N
10°E
70°N
0°
80°N
10°W
170°W
tic C
ircl e
ARCTIC OCEAN 180°
Arc
PACIFIC OCEAN
50°N
10°E
170°E
Kamchatka Peninsula
20°E
Volga River
Central Siberian Plateau
Ob River
160°E
°N
40 30°E
40
°N
Lake Baikal Caucasus Mountains
N
40°E
E 50°E
60°E
W 70°E
80°E
90°E
100°E
110°E
120°E
S
130°E
140°E
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P r o c e d u r e s
Challenge 2: Learning About the Human Geography of Europe and Russia 1 Explain the purpose of Challenge 2. Tell students that in Challenge 2 they will get an overview of the human geography of Europe and Russia. They will complete a political map and identify key characteristics of the region’s human geography. 2 Have students complete Challenge 2. Distribute the Challenge 2 Student Handout (or have students turn to the Challenge 2 map in their Interactive Student Notebooks). Project a transparency of the Challenge 2 Student Directions and review the steps with students. (Note: If this is students’ first Mapping Lab, consider completing all the steps as a class for a single country, such as Spain. Then give pairs time to complete the challenge. Alternatively, give students a copy of the Student Directions and have them complete Challenge 2 for homework.) Here are some tips for executing Challenge 2 effectively: • Project Europe and Russia Visual 6, the political boundaries maps. Assign each pair a different country to start with.
Visual 6
• Circulate to spot-check students’ work. Use the Guide to Student Handout for Challenge 2 to check their answers. • Consider reviewing answers as a class. Have volunteers label each country on a transparency of the Challenge 2 map as the class checks their answers. 3 Help students make connections between information about the region’s human geography and details on thematic maps. • Have students read “Introducing the Region: Human Geography” through the “Population” subsection in Geography Alive! Regions and People. • Project Europe and Russia Visual 4, the population density maps, and overlay a transparency of Visual 6. Ask students to find two or more pieces of information from the text that are graphically represented on the map. For example, if they read, “Rural eastern Russia is thinly settled,” they might notice the large areas colored yellow in eastern Russia.
Visual 4
• Ask several pairs to come up to the map. Have one partner read the sentence to the class while the other points out the visual detail on the map that represents that information. • Repeat this process with the “Economic Activity” subsection of the text and Europe and Russia Visual 5, the economic activity maps. Remember to overlay a transparency of Visual 6.
Visual 5
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D i r e c t i o n s
Challenge 2: Learning About the Human Geography of Europe and Russia 1. Get your political maps for Europe and Russia Mapping Lab, Challenge 2. 2. Select one of the countries listed below. Find it on the political maps of Europe and Russia in Geography Alive! Regions and People. 3. Label the country on your political map, and lightly shade it. 4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until you have labeled and shaded all 15 countries.
Countries in Europe and Russia If you have trouble finding a feature, the latitude and longitude coordinates will help you get close to its location. 1. Austria (48°N, 15°E)
2. Ukraine (50°N, 30°E)
3. Croatia (45°N, 15°E)
4. Romania (45°N, 25°E)
5. Russia (60°N, 90°E)
6. France (45°N, 3°E)
7. Germany (50°N, 10°E)
8. Greece (40°N, 22°E)
9. Hungary (47°N, 20°E)
10. Finland (65°N, 25°E)
11. Italy (45°N, 10°E)
12. Lithuania (56°N, 25°E)
13. Poland (52°N, 20°E)
14. Spain (40°N, 5°W)
15. United Kingdom (52°N, 2°W)
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Challenge 2: Learning About the Human Geography of Europe and Russia 20°W
cC
70°N
0°
irc
10°E
N
70°
20°E
40°E
ICELAND
C tic
60°E
N
80°E
250
0
W E Faroe Is. (Denmark)
°N 70°E
60
c
Ar
60
°N
50°E le
irc
Jan Mayen (Norway)
le
°N
cti
50
Ar
500 miles
0 250 500 kilometers AzimuthalEqual-Area Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Areaprojection projection
SWEDEN
S
AT L A N T I C
NORWAY
40
°N
ESTONIA
OCEAN Isle of Man (U.K.)
LATVIA
50
DENMARK
°N
BELARUS
NETHERLANDS
IRELAND
Channel Is.: Jersey & Guernsey (U.K.)
BELGIUM LUXEMBOURG
CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA LIECHTENSTEIN
MOLDOVA
SWITZERLAND SLOVENIA SERBIA BOSNIA & SAN HERZEGOVINA MARINO MONACO MONTENEGRO
40°
N PORTUGAL
ANDORRA
°N
30
BULGARIA KOSOVO
MACEDONIA ALBANIA
VATICAN CITY
Gibraltar
10°W (U.K.)
0°
10°E
20°E
30°E
40°E
50°E
MALTA
ircle
60°N
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Conformal Conic projection
70°N
80°N
70°N
Arctic C
60°N
50°N 0°
1,000 miles 80°N
500
0
170°W
Arc tic C
ircl e
ARCTIC OCEAN 180°
PACIFIC OCEAN
50°N
10°E
170°E 20°E
160°E
°N
40 40
°N
30°E
N 40°E
E 50°E
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100°E
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120°E
S
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Challenge 2: Learning About the Human Geography of Europe and Russia 20°W
cC
70°N
0°
irc
10°E
N
70°
20°E
40°E
Jan Mayen (Norway)
le
ICELAND
60°E
°N 70°E
N
250 250
00
W E Faroe Is. (Denmark)
80°E
60
Cir
Ar
60
°N
50°E cle
c cti
°N
cti
50
Ar
00 250 250 500 500 kilometers kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Azimuthal Equal-Area Equal-Area projection projection Lambert
Finland
SWEDEN
500 500 miles miles
S
AT L A N T I C
NORWAY
40
°N
ESTONIA
OCEAN Isle of Man (U.K.)
Lithuania
LATVIA
50
DENMARK
°N
Russia
NETHERLANDS
IRELAND
United Kingdom Channel Is.: Jersey & Guernsey (U.K.)
Poland
BELGIUM
Germany
LUXEMBOURG
France
Ukraine
CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA LIECHTENSTEIN
SLOVENIA
Austria
BOSNIA & SAN HERZEGOVINA MARINO MONACO MONTENEGRO
40°
N ANDORRA
VATICAN CITY
Spain Gibraltar 10°W (U.K.)
0°
MOLDOVA
Romania Hungary Croatia SERBIA
SWITZERLAND
PORTUGAL
BELARUS
Italy
°N
30
BULGARIA KOSOVO
MACEDONIA ALBANIA
Greece
10°E
20°E
30°E
40°E
50°E
MALTA
ircle
60°N
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Conformal Conic projection
70°N
80°N
70°N
Arctic C
60°N
50°N 0°
1,000 miles 80°N
500
0
170°W
Arc tic C
ircl e
ARCTIC OCEAN 180°
PACIFIC OCEAN
Russia
50°N
10°E
170°E 20°E
160°E
°N
40
R
u
s
s
i a
40
°N
30°E
N 40°E
E 50°E
60°E
W 70°E
80°E
90°E
100°E
110°E
120°E
S
130°E
140°E
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P r o c e d u r e s
Challenge 3: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Where?” 1 Prepare materials and Mapping Lab research stations for Challenge 3. Cut apart two (or more) copies of the Challenge 3 cards and three copies of the Challenge 3 station labels. Set up three identical research stations along three walls of the classroom. On each wall, place one set of Placards 1–5. Tape the appropriate station label above each placard. Finally, place a transparency pen next to each placard, using a different color pen for each placard map. (Note: You will use these same research stations for Challenges 4 and 5.) 2 Explain the purpose of Challenge 3. Tell students that in Challenge 3 they will learn about aspects of the physical and human geography of Europe and Russia by analyzing thematic maps and simulating basic GIS map-reading skills to answer a series of questions. 3 Have students complete Challenge 3. Distribute the Challenge 3 Student Handout (or have students turn to the Challenge 3 matrix in their Interactive Student Notebooks). Project a transparency of the Challenge 3 Student Directions and review the steps with students. Distribute one transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6 to each pair of students.
Placards 1–5
Here are some tips for executing Challenge 3 effectively: • Project Europe and Russia Visuals 1–5 one at a time, and give pairs time to discuss the questions. Have volunteers share their answers. • Divide pairs into three large groups. Assign each group to work at a research station at a different wall of the classroom. • Remind students to write their answers in complete sentences that restate the question. • Use the Guide to Student Handout for Challenge 3 to check students’ work. Consider reviewing the answers as a class. Visuals 1–5
Visual 6
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Challenge 3: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Where?” 1. Look carefully at each map your teacher projects. For each map, discuss the three questions below with you partner. Be prepared to share your answers with the class. • What are at least five key symbols or colors on the map? What does each symbol or color represent? • What key information does this map show? • Is this information about physical geography or human geography? 2. Get a transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6 and one Challenge 3 card from your teacher. 3. Read the question on your card. Scan the labels of the maps at your assigned research station to determine which map you need in order to answer the question. 4. Go to that map. Lay your transparency on top of the map. Use a transparency pen to note any information or locations on your transparency that will help answer the question. 5. Once you have all the information you need to answer the question, return to your desk. Get your matrix for Europe and Russia Mapping Lab, Challenge 3. Find the row with the number that matches your question. Circle the name of the map you used to find your answer. Write the answer in a complete sentence. For example: Question: What are the tallest mountains in Europe? Answer: The tallest mountains in Europe are the Alps. 6. Take your Challenge 3 matrix to your teacher. If your answer is correct, clean off your transparency, get a new card, and repeat Steps 3–6.
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C h a l l e n g e
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C a r d s
Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What climate is most common above 70°N latitude? What countries have this climate?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What highly populated city of Europe lies on the prime meridian?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
Which four countries in Europe have the lowest overall population density?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What is the most common type of climate in Europe? Name five countries that have only this climate type.
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
Name four countries in Europe that have at least one fourth of their land used for trade and manufacturing.
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What is the most common resource found in Russia east of 90°E?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What mountain range runs north and south along 60°E longitude and separates European Russia from Asian Russia?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What kind of vegetation is common in the countries around the Mediterranean Sea? Name three countries that have this vegetation type.
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
Most of France, United Kingdom, and Ireland, and all of Belgium, Denmark, and Netherlands have what type of vegetation?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 3
What river runs through the center of Hungary, into Serbia, and then runs along the border between Romania and Bulgaria?
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S t a t i o n
L a b e l s
Physical Features Climate Zones Vegetation Zones Population Density Economic Activity © Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
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Challenge 3: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Where?” Question
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Circle the thematic map you used. Then answer the question in complete sentences.
1
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
2
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
3
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
4
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
5
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
6
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
7
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
8
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
9
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
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Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
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Challenge 3: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Where?” Question 1
Circle the thematic map you used. Then answer the question in complete sentences. Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
The most common climate above 70°N is tundra. Russia, Norway, and Iceland have tundra climate zones. 2
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
Coal is the most common resource found in eastern Russia. 3
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
London, England, lies directly on the prime meridian, or 0° longitude. 4
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
The Ural Mountains divide Russia, with European Russia to the west and Asian Russia to the east. 5
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Iceland have the lowest overall population density in Europe. 6
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
Chaparral is common around the Mediterranean Sea. Students could list any three of the following countries: Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Vatican City, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro. 7
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
The climate that is most common in Europe is marine west coast. Students could list any five of these countries as having an entirely marine west coast climate: Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, and Denmark. 8
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
Deciduous forest is the most common type of vegetation in France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, and United Kingdom. 9
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
United Kingdom, France, Germany, Czech Republic, and Belgium (any four of these) have at least one fourth of their land used for manufacturing and trade. 10
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
The Danube River runs through Hungary and Serbia and then along the border between Romania and Bulgaria before it empties into the Black Sea. Europe and Russia Mapping Lab
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P r o c e d u r e s
Challenge 4: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Why There?” 1 Prepare materials and stations for Challenge 4. Cut apart three copies of the Challenge 4 cards. Use the same research stations as in Challenge 3. (Note: Questions 5 and 6 are the most challenging. You might consider reserving them for extra credit.) Distribute one transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6 to each pair of students. 2 Explain the purpose of Challenge 4. Tell students that in Challenge 4 they will learn more about the interplay of physical and human geography in Europe and Russia by analyzing thematic maps and using more advanced GIS skills to answer a series of questions. 3 Have students complete Challenge 4. Distribute the Challenge 4 Student Handout (or have students turn to the Challenge 4 matrix in their Interactive Student Notebooks). Project a transparency of the Challenge 4 Student Directions and review the steps with students.
Visual 6
Here are some tips for executing Challenge 4 effectively: • Remind students that they will need to visit at least two maps, and possibly all five, to get the information they need to answer the question. • Remind students to write their answers in complete sentences that restate the question. • Use the Guide to Student Handout for Challenge 4 to check students’ work. Possible answers are provided; accept any answers that are well supported. Consider reviewing the answers as a class.
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S t u d e n t
D i r e c t i o n s
Challenge 4: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Why There?” 1. Get a transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6 and one Challenge 4 card from your teacher. 2. Read the question on your card. Scan the labels of the maps at your research station to determine which maps have information that you need in order to answer the question. You will need to visit at least two and as many as all five maps to get all the information you need. 3. Go to each map you identified. Lay your transparency on top of the map. Use a transparency pen to note any information or locations on your transparency that will help you answer the question. 4. Once you have all the information you need, return to your desk. Get your matrix for Europe and Russia Mapping Lab, Challenge 4. Find the row with the number that matches your question. Circle the names of the maps you used to find your answer. Write the answer in a complete sentence. 5. Take your Challenge 4 matrix to your teacher. If your answer is correct, clean off your transparency, get a new card, and repeat Steps 2–5.
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C h a l l e n g e
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4
C a r d s
Europe and Russia Challenge 4
Find a single longitude line in Russia where there is a cluster of minerals, including iron, precious metals, coal, and petroleum. What degree of longitude is it? What physical feature might explain this cluster, and why?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 4
Name two European countries that have zones of highlands vegetation. How might the physical features and climate of these countries explain why this vegetation is common there?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 4
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Europe and Russia Challenge 4
Where in Russia can a large amount of coal be found? This resource has been difficult to mine. How might the climate of this region explain why?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 4
What is the main economic activity in Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia? How might the climates there explain why this is the main activity? How might the physical features of the land help explain it?
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Europe and Russia Challenge 4
In which European city does this man most likely live? Why do you think so?
Your family wants to move to Europe. Find a location that would suit everyone’s needs.
“I am from a city of over 4 million people. I work in a plant where we manufacture handbags. Most of my friends work in manufacturing, too. I like to climb in the mountains not far from my home. I also love driving to the Mediterranean seashore for the weekend. The climate where I live is great, because winters are mild with just a little rain.”
• Your parents plan to start a logging business, so you need to be near coniferous forests.
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• Your father likes to go deep-sea fishing. • Your mother does not like a hot or dry climate. • You like areas that are not densely populated. Where do you think you should settle? Why did you choose this location?
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S t u d e n t
H a n d o u t
Challenge 4: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Why There?” Question
Circle the thematic map you used. Then answer the question in complete sentences.
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Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
2
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
3
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
4
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
5
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
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Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
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G u i d e
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H a n d o u t
Challenge 4: Using Geography Skills to Answer “Why There?” Question 1
Circle the thematic map you used. Then answer the question in complete sentences. Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
Many minerals can be found along 60°E longitude. This is also where the Ural Mountains are located. Minerals are often found in mountainous areas.
2
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
A large amount of coal can be found on the Central Siberian Plateau. However, the tundra and subarctic climates make this coal difficult to mine, because it is very cold and the ground stays frozen for much of the year.
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Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
Switzerland, Italy, and Austria (any two of these) have highlands vegetation. This is related to the presence of the Alps. Highlands vegetation is generally found in a highlands climate.
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Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
The primary economic activity in Poland, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania is commercial farming. The marine west coast and humid continental climates provide plenty of rain to grow crops. In addition, the flat land of the Northern European Plain is suitable for farming.
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Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
This man could be from Milan, Italy. Milan is a city of 4–8 million people. It is in a region of trade and manufacturing. Milan is also situated near the Alps for mountain climbing and is not too far from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The climate in Milan is humid subtropical, with mild winters. 6
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
The northern parts of Finland and Sweden would be good choices. Both have areas of coniferous forests, and much of the land is used for forestry. They also have access to the Baltic Sea for fishing. They are not densely populated, with no more than 25 people per square mile. Finally, they have a subarctic climate, which is neither hot nor dry.
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P r o c e d u r e s
Challenge 5: Using Maps to Analyze a Field Photograph 1 Prepare for Challenge 5. Set up the same research stations as in Challenges 3 and 4. Distribute one transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6 to each pair of students. 2 Explain the purpose of Challenge 5. Tell students that in Challenge 5 they will use the thematic maps at their assigned stations to help them analyze a field photograph. In the process, they will use many of the steps in the geographic inquiry process. 3 Have students complete Challenge 5. Distribute the two Challenge 5 Student Handouts (or have students turn to the Challenge 5 pages in their Interactive Student Notebooks). Project a transparency of the Challenge 5 Student Directions and review the steps with students. Then project Europe and Russia Visual 7, the field photograph.
Visual 6
Here are some tips for executing Challenge 5 effectively: • As students begin, confirm that all pairs have marked the correct coordinates on their transparency of Visual 6. Depending on your class, you may want to simplify the challenge by eliminating one of the incorrect locations. • Model for students where in their Challenge 5 notes they should record the information they will acquire from the maps at the research stations. To make this part of the challenge fun and game-like, give students a limited amount of time (approximately 10 minutes) to acquire information from the research stations.
Visual 7
• Give students sufficient time (6 to 8 minutes) to carefully analyze their information and select the location they think best matches the field photograph. For their supporting-evidence statements, emphasize that students must connect information from the maps to a concrete detail—something they could actually see or touch if they were there—in the photograph. Offer a couple of examples of concrete details. • To conclude the activity, ask volunteers to share which location they think corresponds to the field photograph. For each suggestion, ask another volunteer to share a supporting-evidence statement. Make sure each statement connects information from one of the maps to a concrete detail in the photograph. Finally, project a transparency of Guide to Challenge 5 Student Handouts. Reveal the correct location of the photograph, and then reveal the supporting-evidence statements, one at a time.
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S t u d e n t
D i r e c t i o n s
Challenge 5: Using Maps to Analyze a Field Photograph 1. Get your copy of the two pages for Europe and Russia Mapping Lab, Challenge 5. Also get a transparency of Europe and Russia Visual 6. 2. Find the coordinates for the three locations given in the Challenge 5 matrix (Locations A, B, and C). Carefully mark and label those exact locations on your transparency. 3. When your teacher tells you, quickly visit the thematic maps at your research station. Lay your transparency over the maps. Write as much information as possible about the three locations in the corresponding sections of the Challenge 5 matrix. 4. With your partner, carefully analyze the information in your notes and details from the field photograph. Figure out which location (A, B, or C) best matches the photograph. 5. Support your choice by completing the supporting-evidence statements. In each statement, connect information about the location you chose from one of the maps to a visual detail from the photograph. Be ready to share your statements out loud. Example of a supporting-evidence statement: From the population density map, we learned that this location is very close to a city of over 8 million people. In the field photograph, we see hundreds of people on a crowded city sidewalk.
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S t u d e n t
H a n d o u t
Challenge 5: Using Maps to Analyze a Field Photograph Research Station
Location A
Location B
Location C
(66° north, 25° east)
(57° north, 22° east)
(67° north, 79° east)
Physical Features
Climate Zones
Vegetation Zones
Population Density
Economic Activity
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S t u d e n t
H a n d o u t
Challenge 5: Using Maps to Analyze a Field Photograph We think the field photograph best matches Location _______ . Supporting-evidence statements: 1. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location
In the field photograph, we see
2. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location
In the field photograph, we see
3. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location
In the field photograph, we see
4. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location
In the field photograph, we see
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G u i d e
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Challenge 5: Using Maps to Analyze a Field Photograph Research Station
Location A
Location B
Location C
(66° north, 25° east)
(57° north, 22° east)
(67° north, 79° east)
Physical Features
• located in Scandinavia • elevation between 0 and 1,000 feet above sea level • located at northern tip of Baltic Sea
• located on Northern European Plain • located at eastern end of Baltic Sea • elevation between 0 and 1,000 feet above sea level
• located on West Siberian Plain • located near an inlet of Kara Sea • elevation between 0 and 1,000 feet above sea level
Climate Zones
• located in subarctic climate zone
• located in humid continental climate zone
• located in subarctic climate zone
Vegetation Zones
• located in coniferous forest vegetation zone
• located in mixed forest vegetation zone
• located in tundra vegetation zone
Population Density
• population density between 2 and 25 people per square mile
• population density between 25 and 125 people per square mile
• population density under 2 people per square mile
Economic Activity
• forestry • precious metals nearby
• commercial farming • hydroelectric power nearby
• nomadic herding • natural gas nearby • precious metals nearby
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Challenge 5: Using Maps to Analyze a Field Photograph C We think the field photograph best matches Location _______ . Supporting-evidence statements: physical features 1. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location is on the West Siberian Plain.
In the field photograph, we see that the land seems to be flat.
climate zones 2. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location is in a subarctic climate zone.
In the field photograph, we see snow-covered ground and a woman dressed in warm clothing.
vegetation zones 3. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location is in a tundra vegetation zone.
In the field photograph, we see what looks like frozen, snow-covered ground.
population density 4. From the _______________________ map, we learned that this location has a population density of under 2 people per square mile. Another possible answer: From the economic activity map, we learned that this location is mostly used for nomadic herding. In the field photograph, we see a woman and many reindeer, but no other people or any urban settlements. Another possible answer: In the field photograph, we see a woman with many reindeer, possibly evidence of herding.
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P r o c e d u r e s
Processing Have students revisit their mental maps from the Preview by following these steps: • Use one color to highlight or circle three or more details on their mental maps that were correct or fairly accurate. • Use another color to highlight or circle three or more details that were incorrect or inaccurate. Redraw or relabel those items to make them correct or more accurate. • Use a third color to draw and label three or more new items. At least one item should represent information about physical geography, and at least one should represent information about human geography. Alternatively, have students complete the Preview assignment again on a separate sheet of paper and then compare the two mental maps. Have them identify three things that are the same or similar between the two maps, three that are correct or more accurate on the second map, and three new pieces of information on the second map. This Processing activity is a great review for the assessment.
Assessment Masters for assessment appear on the next three pages. The answer key is below. (Note: Project Europe and Russia Visual 5, the economic activity maps, before students complete Questions 28–30.) 1. Scandinavia
16. Poland
2. Baltic Sea
17. Ukraine
3. Northern European Plain
18. Austria
4. Alps
19. Hungary
5. Danube River
20. France
6. Black Sea
21. Italy
7. Kamchatka Peninsula
22. Spain
8. Central Siberian Plateau
23. Greece
9. Volga River
24. Russia
10. Ob River
25. B
11. Caucasus Mountains
26. D
12. Lake Baikal
27. B
13. United Kingdom
28. B
14. Lithuania
29. D
15. Germany
30. C
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A s s e s s m e n t
On the map below, 12 important physical features of the region are numbered from 1 to 12. Their names are listed in the Answer Bank. Write the name of each physical feature on the line next to each number. 20°W
cC
70°N
0°
10°E
N
70°
20°E
40°E
50°E cle
irc
le
60°E
°N 70°E
80°E
60
ir cC
°N
cti
cti
Ar
60
50
Ar
°N
250
0
500 miles
0 250 500 kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
N W
1 E °N
S
40
AT L A N T I C
2
50
°N
OCEAN
3
5 4
6 °N
30
40°
N
20°E
30°E
500
0
50°E
1,000 miles
80°N
70°N
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Conformal Conic projection
ircle
Arctic C
60°N
50°N 0°
40°E
60°N
10°E
70°N
0°
80°N
10°W
170°W
tic C
ircl
e
ARCTIC OCEAN 180°
Arc
PACIFIC OCEAN
50°N
10°E
170°E
7
20°E
160°E
8
E S
9
W
°N
N
40 30°E
10
40
°N
11 12 40°E 50°E
60°E
70°E
80°E
90°E
100°E
110°E
120°E
130°E
140°E
Alps Baltic Sea Black Sea Caucasus Mountains Central Siberian Plateau Danube River Kamchatka Peninsula Lake Baikal Northern European Plain Ob River Scandinavia Volga River
Answer Bank:
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A s s e s s m e n t
On the map below, 12 countries of the region are numbered from 13 to 24. Their names are listed in the Answer Bank. Write the name of each country on the line next to each number. 20°W
cC
70°N
0°
10°E
N
70°
20°E
40°E
50°E cle
irc
le
60°E
°N 70°E
80°E
60
ir cC
°N
cti
cti
Ar
60
50
Ar
°N
N
250
0
W
500 miles
0 250 500 kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
E S
°N
AT L A N T I C 40
OCEAN
14
13 50°
N
16
15
17 18
19
20
°N
40°
N
30
21
22
23 20°E
30°E
500
0 80°N
70°N
Arctic C
60°N
50°N
ircle
0°
40°E
50°E
1,000 miles
0 500 1,000 kilometers Lambert Conformal Conic projection
60°N
10°E
70°N
0°
80°N
10°W
170°W
cC
ircl
e
ARCTIC OCEAN 180°
Arc ti
PACIFIC OCEAN
50°N
10°E
170°E 20°E
160°E
°N
40
24
40 °
N
30°E
N 40°E
E 50°E
60°E
W 70°E
80°E
90°E
100°E
110°E
120°E
S
130°E
140°E
Austria France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Lithuania Poland Russia Spain Ukraine United Kingdom
Answer Bank:
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A s s e s s m e n t
Use the information and skills you learned from the Mapping Lab to answer Questions 25–30. 25. What is the most common climate found in Europe? O A. semiarid O B. marine west coast O C. Mediterranean O D. highlands 26. What mountain range runs north and south through Russia and separates Europe from Asia? O A. the Alps O B. the Carpathian Mountains O C. the Caucasus Mountains O D. the Ural Mountains 27. What three countries in Europe have the lowest overall population density? O A. Spain, Portugal, and Italy O B. Iceland, Finland, and Sweden O C. Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg O D. Croatia, Slovenia, and Slovakia
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Use the image your teacher is projecting to help answer Questions 28–30. 28. Which of these is the most common land use in Europe? O A. subsistence farming O B. commercial farming O C. forestry O D. trade and manufacturing 29. Which of these European countries has the largest amount of coal? O A. France O B. Germany O C. Poland O D. United Kingdom 30. What is the most common land use in Russia above the Arctic Circle? O A. hunting and gathering O B. forestry O C. nomadic herding O D. commercial fishing
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V i s u a l
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Political Boundaries of Europe and Russia Jan Mayen (Norway)
ICELAND
SWEDEN
Faroe Is. (Denmark)
FINLAND
NORWAY ESTONIA
Isle of Man (U.K.)
LATVIA LITHUANIA RUSSIA
DENMARK IRELAND
Channel Is.: Jersey & Guernsey (U.K.)
NETHERLANDS UNITED KINGDOM
BELARUS
POLAND
GERMANY
UKRAINE
BELGIUM LUXEMBOURG
CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA LIECHTENSTEIN
MOLDOVA
AUSTRIA HUNGARY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND SLOVENIA FRANCE CROATIA ITALY SERBIA BOSNIA & SAN HERZEGOVINA BULGARIA MARINO KOSOVO MONACO ANDORRA MONTENEGRO MACEDONIA
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
Gibraltar (U.K.)
VATICAN CITY
ALBANIA GREECE
MALTA
RUSSIA
R
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