EOC Biology Prep Reporting Category 1 Cell Structure and Function
Some questions (c) 2012 by Region 10 Educational Service Center.
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3 Which structures, if found in a cell, would provide the best evidence that the cell is eukaryotic? A Chromosomes B
Cell Walls
C
Carbohydrates
D Internal Membranes
4 What is the function of the cell wall in a The cell structure labeled X is found only in
plant cell?
—
F
contain waste products of the cell
A animal cells
G
generate the cell's supply of energy
B
eukaryotic cells
H
control the functions of the cell
C
plant cells
J
provide structural support and protection
D prokaryotic cells
2 Plant cells are much less flexible than animal cells. Which cellular structure in
5 Which of the following is a characteristic of organisms in Bacteria, but not Archaea?
plant cells is most responsible for this
A organisms are prokaryotic
charateristic?
B
organisms reproduce asexually
F
Vacuole
C
organisms contain peptidoglycan in their
G
Cell Wall
H
Chloroplast
J
Cell Memebrane
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cell walls D organisms swim using one or more flagella
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8
What complex biological molecule results from connected units of this building block?
Several of these molecules connected in a
F
protein
chain result in a/an
G
carbohydrate
F
starch
H
lipid
G
sugar
J
nucleic acid
H
nucleic acid
J
amino acid
7 What is the correct relationship between monomers and polymers? A Monomers are macromolecules; polymers are micromolecules. B
Monomers are subunits of polymers.
C
Monomers are long, connecting chains of polymers.
D Monomers are larger, more complex versions of polymers.
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Which diagram represents the building block containing information for selfreplicating life? A I B
II
C
III
D IV
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11
Identify components of this molecule. A nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group
Complete the chart by identifying the correct monomer at X.
B
nitrogen base, 6 carbon sugar, phosphate group
F
enzyme
G
fatty acids
C
H
amino acids
D amino group, carboxyl group, R group
J
glycerols
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fatty acid, glycerol
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The formation of polysaccharides, nucleic
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acids, and proteins from smaller subunits
A steroid
is F
chemosynthesis
G
hydrolysis
H
polysaturization
J
polymerization
Which of the following is not a lipid?
B
cholesterol
C
wax
D cellulose
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Many land plants store energy in starch. When energy is needed, the starch
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What monomer is represented by this
molecules can be broken down quickly.
diagram?
Starch is which of the following
molecules? F
amino acid
G
lipid
H
polysaccharide
J
RNA chain
A monosaccharide B
nucleotide
C
glycerol
D amino acid
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Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat? A carbohydrates
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Macromolecules which are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic and are a major component of cell membranes are F
polysaccharides
G
proteins
H
phospholipids
J
inorganic
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B
lipids
C
proteins
D nucleic acids
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Many plants have waxy coatings on some
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Which biomolecule's function is most likely
surfaces. This coating reduces water loss
to be affected by the order of its single
because it is not waterpermeable. This
molecule units?
waxy coating is which of the following
A lipid
types of organic molecule? F
carbohydrate
G
lipid
H
nucleic acid
J
protein
B
starch
C
protein
D vitamin
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The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules called
19
Beeswax is a waxy substance that is
proteins. Which of the following elements
produced by bees and then harvested by
most often compose proteins?
humans for a variety of uses. Ancient
F
carbon and hydrogen
G
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
Romans used beeswax as a waterproofing agent because it is not waterpermeable.
nitrogen
Beeswax is which of the following types of organic molecule?
H
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A carbohydrate
J
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
B
lipid
C
nucleic acid
and phosphorus
D protein
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The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organic compounds composed of carbon,
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Many land plants store energy in starch.
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These
When energy is needed, the starch
types of macromolecules are known as —
molecules can be broken down quickly.
A carbohydrates
This chemical reaction produces which of the following? F
amino acids
G
lipids
H
monosaccharides
J
RNA chains
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B
lipids
C
proteins
D nucleic acids
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The enzymes that catalyze cellular
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Which of these substances stores the
reactions are macromolecules made of
most energy?
organic compounds composed of carbon,
A One gram of alcohol
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These types of macromolecules are known as — F
starches
G
sugars
H
proteins
J
fats
B
One gram of carbohydrate
C
One gram of fat
D One gram of protein
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A biomolecule that is a large, complex set of chains composed of alternating subunits called nucleotides has which of these functions in the cell? The compound shown above is an
A Storing energy B
Catalyzing cellular reactions
C
Building tissue
example of which of the following types of biomolecules?
D Storing genetic information
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F
Saturated fat
G
Monosaccharide
H
Polysaccharide
J
Unsaturated fat
Which biomolecule's function is least likely to be affected by the order of its single molecule units? F
DNA
G
starch
H
RNA
J
protein
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Which biomolecule do living organisms use as energy storage? A carbohydrates B
lipids
C
protein
D nuclei acid
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Proteins in eukaryotic cells which control
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the progression of cells through the cell cycle are F
cyclins
G
recyclins
H
cytokines
J
cytochromes
In humans, protein 53 (p53) is a 31
What disorder results when human body
tumor suppressant protein encoded on
cells lose the ability to respond to internal
the p53 gene, which has been mapped to
regulatory signals that control cell
the short arm of chromosome 17. One
growth?
role of this protein is to facilitate the
A cellulitis
repair of damaged DNA. Which part of
B
diabetes
C
hemophilia
D cancer
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the cell cycle does the p53 gene have the most active role? F
G1
G
G2
H
S
J
M
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Which part of the cell cycle controls the repair of damaged DNA which, if unsuccessful, could eventually result in the abnormal cell division that typifies some types of cancer? A G1 B
S
C
G2
D M
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Many types of cancer cells divide rapidly
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In the human body, skin, liver, muscle,
due to defects in the genes that control
and nerve cells all originated from one cell
cell division. Which phase of the cell
containing halfgenomes contributed from
cycle is the target of many chemotherapy
each parent. This process is known as
agents?
F
speciation
G
differentiation
H
cleavage
J
expression
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All of the following organelles would be found in a root cell of a plant except A cell wall
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F
G1
B
chloroplast
G
G2
C
nucleus
H
S
D vacuole
J
M
Muscle cells of one animal differ from muscle cells of another animal due to differences in A DNA B
the cell cycle
C
gene expression
D genetic sequence
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Which animal and plant cell type share the function of support? F
Fiber cells and kidney cells
G
Guard cells and white blood cells
H
Phloem cells and smooth muscle cells
J
Xylem cells and bone cells
Which structures show that this cell is specialized for receiving information signals from many sources?
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F
Dendrites
G
Myelinated sheath
H
Central Nucleus
J
Schwann cell
What is the primary function of nerve cells? A Nerve cells transmit messages from one part of the body to another via nerve impulses. B
Nerve cells coordinate muscle action through constriction and contraction.
C
Nerve cells monitor the body's position in space.
D Nerve cells filter incoming sensory signal.
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Which structure directly regulates the rate of photosynthesis in this plant? A Q B
R
C
S
D T
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The diagram below shows a cross section of a leaf.
Which of the following is the function of the guard cells on the lower surface of the leaf? F
Synthesizing proteins
G
Transporting water and minerals
H
Opening ancd closing stomata
J
Allowing light to enter the leaf
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Xylem cells, in addition to transporting water, provide support for the plant. How is a xylem cell specialized for this function? A It is a flatshaped cell. B
It has thick cell walls
C
It has a large cell nucleus
D It has a permable cell membrane
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The four images above are human embryos in various stages of development. The stages are out of order. Which of the following has the images in order, from left to right, from the youngest embryo to the oldest?
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F
4, 2, 1, 3
G
4, 2, 3, 1
H
2, 4, 3, 1
J
2, 4, 1, 3
Compared with mitosis, the process of
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Compared to mitosis, meiosis results
meiosis results in daughter cells that are
in a greater —
—
F
amount of cell cytoplasm per cell
G
number of daughter cells per cell
H
amount of genetic material per cell
J
number of cell chromosomes per cell
A diploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells. B
diploid cells with a smaller number of chromosomes than the parent cells.
C
haploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells.
D haploid cells with a smaller number of chromosomes than the parent cells.
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Which statement best describes the end result of this process? A Two new DNA molecules are formed, each identical to the original. B
New molecules of mRNA are transcribed from the DNA molecule.
C
A protein molecule is synthesized from the code in the DNA molecule.
D The new DNA molecules are made from opposite DNA strands so are not identical.
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Which statement best summarizes the purpose of this process? F
A new mRNA molecule is manufactured that will carry a copy of the DNA’s message to the ribosome.
G
New DNA molecules are formed that have new sequences of DNA nucleotides from the original.
H
As nucleotides match up with the DNA code, amino acids sequence to form the appropriate protein.
J
Two DNA molecules, containing the same genetic code as the original DNA molecule, are produced.
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What event is occurring in the diagram? A Replication B
Protein synthesis
C
Transcription
D Translation
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Which statement best describes the DNA molecules made from this process? F
The new DNA molecules are identical to each other and to the original molecule.
G
The new DNA molecules are identical to each other but not to the original molecule.
H
The new DNA molecules are each identical to only one strand in the original molecule.
J
The new DNA molecules are not identical to the original, providing variation in the DNA.
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52
Which of the following processes is shown in the figure above?
Which of these could be shown by this
F
Replication
G
Protein assembly
replication
H
Transcription
RNA just finishing the process of
J
Translation
figure? A DNA just finishing the process of
B
duplication C
RNA just beginning the process of translation
D DNA just beginning the process of replication
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54
Which of the following diagrams shows a stage in embryological development when specialized cells develop? F
G
Scientists set up an experiment using non H
human eggs to learn the factors that affect cell differentiation. A glass needle was used to separate 8cell embryos into two halves. Based on this experiment,
which of the following is most likely to J
affect cell differentiation? A Cell Size B
Cell Shape
C
Cell number
D Cell position
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A retrovirus gets its name from the fact that when it infects a cell, a retrovirus A injects pieces of its protein coat B
produces a DNA copy of its RNA
C
converts its capsid proteins into RNA
D strengthens and supports cell functions
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Which of the following illness is caused by
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a virus?
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F
Common colds
G
Diabetes
H
Strep throat
J
Malaria
Viruses use host cells to A create fermentation products B
facilitate respiration
C
reproduce
D create antibodies Which labeled viral structure in the diagram above stores viral DNA, similarly to 58
Viruses and cells are different in many
the way the nucleus stores cellular DNA?
ways. In which of these ways are viruses
A 1
and cells most similar?
B
2
F
Composition of outer covering
C
3
G
Stages of life cycle
D 4
H
Composition of genetic material
J
Stages of reproduction
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Scientists are designing new medicines to fight infectious diseases caused by viruses. One of the most effective ways these medicines could limit the spread of the virus within the body would be to — F
prevent viruses from dividing
G
burst cells infected with viruses
H
stop viruses from attaching to cells
J
make it easier for viruses to leave cells
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Identify the structures and processes at T and V. A T ribosome, protein synthesis; V nucleus, cell cycle B
T chloroplast, photosynthesis; V vacuole, glucose storage
C
T chloroplast, photosynthesis; V mitochondrion, respiration
D T Golgi apparatus, packaging macromolecules; V lysosomes, digestion of organelles
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Identify structures T and V. F
nucleus, nucleolus
G
chloroplast, mitochondrion
H
smooth ER, rough ER
J
ribosomes, Golgi apparatus
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The cell process occurring at Y represents one stage of A photosynthesis B
replication
C
respiration
D facilitated diffusion
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Identify the cell organelle at X. F
ribosome
G
mitochondrion
H
cell membrane
J
endoplasmic reticulum
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Identify the cell organelle and process. A ribosome, protein synthesis B
chloroplast, photosynthesis
C
chromosome, DNA replication
D mitochondrion, respiration
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Which metabolic process is considered nonlinearbeginning with a series of reactions and ending with a product? F
Calvin Reaction
G
Krebs Cyle
H
Glycolysis
J
Electron Transport System
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What compound is most likely found at W? A NADH B
ATP
C
C6H12O6
D pyruvate
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Identify substances which best complete the diagram at U and Y. F
U H2O and CO2; Y C6H12O6 and O2
G
U CO2 and O2; Y C6H12O6 and H2O
H
U C6H12O6 and O2; Y CO2 and H2O
J
U CH2O and CO2; Y CO2 and H2O
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Name the stages of cellular respiration that come before and after the stage represented in this diagram.
A glycolysis, electron transport chain B
glycolysis, alcohol fermentation
C
glycolysis, lactic acid fermentation
D electron transport chain, glycolysis
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What types of energy are represented at S and X?
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F
S heat energy, X chemical energy
G
S light energy, X electrical energy
H
S ADP, X ATP
J
S light energy, X heat energy
What is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration? A glycolysis, electron transport chain, Krebs Cycle B
Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis
C
glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain
D electron transport chain, Krebs Cycle, glycolysis
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What substance (X) initiates this stage of cellular respiration?
Amoebas are onecelled organisms that live in water, mud, and in animals. These creatures have a flexible cell membrane filled with watery cytoplasm. The actions of the amoeba are directed by the nucleus. Contractile vacuoles store and discharge water. To move, the liquid cytoplasm streams to the edge of the cell wall and
A glucose
forms pseudopodia, or false feet. These pseudopodia surround the amoeba’s prey
B
pyruvic acid
and engulf the food into a food vacuole
C
water
where it is digested by enzymes.
D lactic acid
Which structure of the amoeba plays the main role in maintaining homeostasis with its watery environment? F
Nucleus
G
Food Vacuole
function. Diffusion and osmosis are similar
H
Pseudopodium
in that they are both types of
J
Contractile Vacuole
F
protein synthesis processes
G
passive transport processes
H
cellular replication processes
J
cellular metabolism processes
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Diffusion and osmosis are both vital to cell
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A few drops of Lugol's iodine solution placed in a beaker of water will turn the water red. A white starch solution was poured into a length of dialysis tubing and the ends were tied. The tubing was then dropped into the beaker of iodine solution. After 10 minutes, the white starch solution turned black and the iodine water remained red. What cellular structure was the dialysis tubing most likely representing in this experiment? A cell wall B
cell membrane
C
vacuole
D nucleus
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Which of these is a defining characteristic
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Prokaryotes are single celled organisms
in a eukaryotic cell?
belonging to the Domains: Archae and
F
presence of a membrane bound
Bacteria. Which of the following cell
nucleus
structures would not be present in
G
DNA is present
H
absence of membrane bound
J
prokaryotic cells? A Cell Membrane
mitochondria
B
Ribosome
reproduces asexually
C
nucleus
D cytoplasm
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80
Food provides the human body with all the following except F
calories
G
nutrients
H
oxygen
J
water
81 Cells obtain energy from organic
compounds and transfer it to the
Which of the following substances must be taken into the cell by the structure above labeled 3 because it is too large to
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energy used to drive the chemical reactions in the cell in which of these organelles?
pass through the cell membrane?
A 1
F
Sodium
B
2
G
Glucose
C
3
H
Polysaccharide
D 4
J
Potassium
Energy conversion within a plant cell would be limited most severely by removal of the cell's A mitochondria B
chloroplasts
C
ribosomes
D endoplasmic reticulum
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Use the diagram to answer the question below.
The cell membrane plays an essential role in the life of the cell. How does the cell membrane help maintain the health of the cell in the figure above? F
The cell membrane contains genetic information of the cell.
G
The cell membrane provides support and protection for the cell.
H
The cell membrane is where protein molecules are manufactured in a cell.
J
The cell membrane regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
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The energy that comes from organic compounds is transferred to the cell to maintain healthy function. Which organelle in an animal cell is responsible for this energy transfer? A mitochondria B
nucleus
C
ribosomes
D cytoplasm
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Which cellular process would be affected first if the structure labeled 3 were destroyed? F
Photosynthesis
G
Reproduction
H
Respiration
J
Transport
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What is the name of this stage of cellular respiration? A Calvin cycle B
glycolysis
C
Kreb's cycle
D electron transport chain
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Some students measured the pH of water containing elodea, a common water plant. The students wanted to learn how much carbon dioxide elodea removes from the water. The students knew that decreasing levels of carbon dioxide correspond to increasing pH. Which cellular structure in elodea carries out the process that is most likely to result in increasing pH? F
Chloroplast
G
Cytoplasm
H
Mitochondria
J
Nucleus
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A student puts some drops of Lugol’s iodine solution into the water in the beaker shown above. The water turned red. After a short time, the starch solution inside the dialysis tubing turned black. Which function of the cell membrane was the student demonstrating? A Facilitated diffusion of starch B
Active transport of hydrogen ions
C
Diffusion through a permeable membrane
D Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
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