Environmental Statement Volume 3 Appendices (Part 2 of 2)
February 2013
9.1
National Grid
UK-Belgium Interconnector (NEMO) Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
JUNE 2012
RSK GENERAL NOTES Project No.:
110531.01 Rev02
Title:
UK-Belgium Interconnector (Project NEMO) – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report
Client:
TEP on behalf of National Grid
Date:
June 2012
Office:
Hemel Hempstead
Status:
FINAL
Author
Brigitte Buss
Signature
Technical reviewer
Signature
Date:
28/06/2012
Date:
Project manager
Pete Whipp
Quality reviewer
Signature Date:
Brigitte Buss
Signature 28/06/2012
Date:
RSK Environment (RSK) has prepared this report for the sole use of the client, showing reasonable skill and care, for the intended purposes as stated in the agreement under which this work was completed. The report may not be relied upon by any other party without the express agreement of the client and RSK. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this report. Where any data supplied by the client or from other sources have been used, it has been assumed that the information is correct. No responsibility can be accepted by RSK for inaccuracies in the data supplied by any other party. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on the assumption that all relevant information has been supplied by those bodies from whom it was requested. No part of this report may be copied or duplicated without the express permission of RSK and the party for whom it was prepared. Where field investigations have been carried out, these have been restricted to a level of detail required to achieve the stated objectives of the work. This work has been undertaken in accordance with the quality management system of RSK Environment.
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CONTENTS SUMMARY..............................................................................................................................................1 1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................2 1.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................2 1.2 Study Areas ..............................................................................................................................2 1.3 Aims and Objectives.................................................................................................................3 1.4 Legislation and Policy Context .................................................................................................3 2 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT ..........................................................................................................6 2.1 Standards .................................................................................................................................6 2.2 Study Areas ..............................................................................................................................6 2.3 Data Sources............................................................................................................................6 2.4 Gazetteers ................................................................................................................................7 2.5 Field Observations....................................................................................................................7 2.6 Visual Assessment of the Setting of Designated Heritage Assets within Study Area B ..........7 2.7 Assessment of Importance.......................................................................................................8 2.8 Limitations of the Assessment..................................................................................................9 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION...................................................................................................10 3.1 Site Description ......................................................................................................................10 3.2 Archaeological and Historical Background.............................................................................10 4 BASELINE CONDITIONS STUDY AREA A..................................................................................16 4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................16 4.2 Designated Heritage Assets...................................................................................................16 4.3 Non-Designated Heritage Assets ...........................................................................................16 4.4 Map Regression .....................................................................................................................19 4.5 Aerial Photographic Evidence ................................................................................................21 4.6 Historic Landscape Characterisation......................................................................................21 4.7 Field Observations..................................................................................................................22 5 BASELINE CONDITIONS STUDY AREA B..................................................................................23 5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................23 5.2 Assessment of Visually Sensitive Designated Heritage Assets .............................................24 6 HERITAGE POTENTIAL................................................................................................................27 6.1 Study Area A – Physical Constraints......................................................................................27 6.2 Study Area B – Visual Constraints .........................................................................................28 7 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................29
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APPENDICES Appendix 1: Gazetteer of Heritage Assets Study Area A Appendix 2: Gazetteer of Heritage Assets Study Area B FIGURES Figure 1: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Study Area A Figure 2: Visually Sensitive Heritage Assets Study Area B PLATES Plate 1: Looking north from Richborough Castle’s visitors’ car park (proposal area masked by monument walls) Plate 2: Looking NNW from outside the Northern wall of the monument towards proposal area Plate 3: View from within Richborough Castle monument prior to demolition of cooling towers Plate 4: View from within the monument during field survey following the demolition of cooling towers Plate 5: Former Pfizer complex east of Richborough Castle monument Plate 6: View looking NE from picnic area towards proposed landfall and cable section ‘B’
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SUMMARY RSK Environment Ltd has been commissioned by TEP on behalf of National Grid to assess the potential effects of the onshore infrastructure associated with the proposed UK-Belgium Interconnector on cultural and heritage assets. The development site is situated in the Pegway Bay area south of Ramsgate along the East Kent coast (approximately centred on NGR 633800, 162600). The archaeological potential of the development site has been assessed by reference to a Study Area which comprises a 1.5km buffer zone from the maximum extents of the development. The buffer zone includes the intertidal area between the landfall and low water mark where there is an overlap with an area examined by Wessex Archaeology (2010) in relation to the marine components of the development. The assessment of effects of the marine aspects of the proposal are contained in the Marine Environmental Statement which is being submitted as part of the Marine Application however consideration of the heritage assets noted between the landfall and low water mark has also been included as part of the onshore cultural heritage assessment. Within Study Area A there is a total of 165 designated and non-designated heritage assets. However, their occurrence is limited to the area of the former island of Thanet. The proposal area is entirely contained within the former Wantsum Channel, which came into being as a result of a post-glacial rise in sea level, but which became silted up by the 14th century. With the exception of Pleistocene prehistoric deposits pre-dating the channel at depth, and later historic (medieval to modern) sites of low value related to agricultural land-use of the marshland and coastal resources as well as modern war defences, it is considered that the cable section of development will not impact on known heritage assets, but that the potential remains for exposing and recording evidence for the use of the Wantsum Channel as navigational route as well as the use of the marginal areas adjacent. Some archaeological potential is also retained with regard to deeper excavations outside the limits of reclaimed land. The assessment of heritage assets within the ZVI produced only one site of high sensitivity to visual impact, namely the historic complex around the Roman fortification known as Richborough Castle, c. 2km south of the proposal area. The assessment demonstrated that visual impact from the above ground elements of the proposals i.e. the converter station and substation, is likely to be limited to one key view outside the monument. It is considered that this would be partly mitigated by existing visual detractors between the historic complex and the proposal site, and that furthermore, a blending of the proposed converter substation and adjacent substation with existing industrial installations in its vicinity is likely to occur. The overall potential for a visual impact on this heritage asset has therefore been rated as low.
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1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1.1.1
RSK Environment Ltd has been commissioned by TEP on behalf of National Grid to assess the potential effects of the onshore infrastructure associated with the proposed UK-Belgium Interconnector on cultural and heritage assets. The development site is situated in the Pegway Bay area south of Ramsgate along the East Kent coast (approximately centred on NGR 633800, 162600). This report assesses the archaeological and cultural heritage components of the terrestrial part of the scheme only, and comprises a desk-based assessment (DBA) and a summary of field observations.
1.1.2
The proposals comprise the construction of a substation, a HVDC converter station and the installation of two HDVC underground electricity land cables from the converter station to the landfall on the coast at Pegwell Bay where they will be joined to the submarine HVDC cables. The substation and converter station will be constructed on the former Richborough Power Station site. The converter station building would have an approximate height of 30m and the proposed cable route is approximately 2km in length. The assessment of effects of the marine aspects of the proposal are contained in the Marine Environmental Statement which is being submitted as part of the Marine Application however consideration of the heritage assets noted between the landfall and low water mark has also been included as part of the onshore cultural heritage assessment.
1.2
Study Areas
1.2.1
This report utilises two study areas: •
Study Area A, in which archaeological potential of the development site has been assessed by reference to a 1.5km buffer zone from the maximum extents of the development. The buffer zone includes the intertidal area between the landfall and low water mark where there is an overlap with an area examined by Wessex Archaeology (2010) in relation to the marine components of the development.
•
Study Area B has been defined in order to identify designated heritage assets within a wider study area based on a Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) to a maximum radius of circa 10km within which visual impacts could potentially occur.
1.2.2
As the two study areas overlap, there are records that are common to both. This has been taken into account when describing the baseline for both study areas.
1.2.3
The purpose of the report is to provide baseline data against which the impacts of the current proposals can be assessed. The results of the assessment for both physical and visual effects will be presented in the Environmental Statement (ES) chapter and will provide a basis for the determination of further stages of investigation and mitigation.
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1.3
Aims and Objectives
1.3.1
The specific objectives of this report are to:
1.4
•
Identify and define the extent of known archaeological and historic remains within the two study areas defined;
•
To provide a legislation and planning policy context;
•
Provide an assessment of the importance of the whole archaeological and heritage resource identified;
•
Identify potential effects of the proposals in terms of their direct or indirect impact on heritage assets or their setting;
•
Consider the current status of preservation of archaeological and heritage resources within the limits of the Site; and
•
Formulate proposals for further assessment/mitigation requirements for all heritage assets potentially impacted by the proposals.
Legislation and Policy Context National
1.4.1
Table 1.1. provides a summary of statutory legislation relevant to the historic environment. Table 1.1: Statutory legislation with regard to the historic environment Act or Regulations
Relevant Provisions
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979
It is a criminal offence to carry out any works on or near to a Scheduled Monument without Scheduled Monument Consent (SMC).
Treasure Act 1996
The act defines what constitutes Treasure and states that any finds of treasure and objects found in association with treasure must be reported to the local coroner.
Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
No works can be carried out in relation to a Listed building without consent. Designation of an area as a Conservation Area introduces general controls over demolition and development The act establishes principles of the development control process.
Burial Act 1857
Under section 25 of the 1857 act, it is generally a criminal offence to remove human remains from any place of burial without an appropriate licence issued by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), although recent legislative changes indicate that some cases are exempt from this requirement.
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Hedgerow Regulations 1997
1.4.2
A local authority can prohibit the removal of an ‘important’ hedgerow. Hedgerows can be considered important on grounds of historical or archaeological value or association.
Table 1.2 summarises the relevant non-statutory protection relating to the historic environment. Table 1.2: Non-statutory protection of the historic environment Policy or Legislation
Relevant Provisions
National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), Section 12
Section 12 of the NPPF outlines government policy on the treatment ‘heritage assets’ (including Scheduled Monuments, Listed buildings, Conservation Areas, World Heritage Sites, Historic Parks and Gardens and Historic Battlefields, but also non-Scheduled sites, including buried or suspected buried remains), within the local plan and development control process.
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest
The Register identifies important Historic Parks and Gardens, which should then be considered by the local planning authority in accordance with NPPF.
Register of Historic Battlefields
The Register identifies important battlefield sites, which should then be considered by the local planning authority in accordance with Section 12 of the NPPF.
Local
1.4.3
The proposed development falls within the administrative districts of both Thanet District Council and Dover District Council. Policies with regard to the safeguarding of heritage relevant to the current proposals (HE11, HE 12) have been saved into Thanet District’s Local Development Framework (LDF) from the Thanet District Local Plan (2006) and described in Table 1.3. Dover District’s Core Strategy (2010) does not contain policies specific to the historic environment, but instead, refers to relevant regional and national policies (Section12 of NPPF, see Table 1.2). Table 1.3: Thanet District LDF – historic environment policies Policy
Relevant Issues
Policy HE11 Archaeological Assessment
In order to determine planning applications, the district Council may require the developer/applicant to provide additional information, in the form of an assessment of the archaeological or historic importance of the site in question and the likely impact of development. In certain cases such assessment may involve fieldwork or an evaluation excavation […] planning permission will be refused.
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Policy HE12 Archaeological Sites and Preservation
Archaeological sites will be preserved and protected on those archaeological sites where permanent preservation is not warranted, planning permission will only be granted if arrangements have been made by the developer to ensure that time and resources are available to allow satisfactory archaeological investigation and recording by an approved archaeological body to take place, in advance or during development. No work shall take place until the specification and programme of work for archaeological investigation, including its relationship to the programme of development, has been submitted and approved.
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2
METHOD OF ASSESSMENT
2.1
Standards
2.1.1
The archaeology and cultural heritage assessment was undertaken in accordance with Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-Based Assessments, (Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) 2010), the IfA’s Code of Conduct (2010), as well as English Heritage’s Conservation Principles (2008), The Setting of Heritage Assets (2011), and Seeing History in View (2011). Field observations were conducted in line with the IfA’s Guidelines for Archaeological Field Evaluation (revised 2009).
2.2
Study Areas
2.2.1
2.2.2
Potential Physical Constraints: Study Area A Study Area A is designed to determine whether any physical impacts to known and yet unidentified heritage assets are likely as a result from the proposals. For this purpose, a Study Area of approximately 1.5km centred on the redline boundary has been utilised (see Section 1.2.1, Figure 1). This was narrowed from an initial search buffer of 2.5km in order to produce more meaningful results for the evaluation of the current proposals. Designated Heritage Assets: Study Area B Study Area B utilises a Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) (Figure 2) to identify and assess visual impact of the proposals on any designated heritage assets within it. English Heritage identify some heritage assets more sensitive to change affecting their setting than others. Consequently, Scheduled Monuments (SMs), Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings (LBs), Historic Battlefields and Registered Parks and Gardens have been assessed to the maximum study area of 10km within the ZVI, as these heritage assets can be significant in terms of location, elevation, landscape scale and intervisibility.
2.2.3
Visual impacts on Grade II LBs and conservation areas have been assessed for a 3km study area as long-distance views are less likely to contribute towards the significance of such heritage assets.
2.3
Data Sources
2.3.1
Cultural heritage data was collected for the Study Areas from the following sources: •
National Monument Record (NMR) downloads (http://services.englishheritage.org.uk/NMRDataDownload/) with regard to the presence of any designated heritage assets;
•
A search of non-designated heritage assets and archaeological events contained in the NMR;
•
A search of the Kent Historic Environment Record (KHER) maintained by Kent County Council (KCC) with regard to details of archaeological sites and monuments, as well as archaeological events;
•
Superseded Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping;
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•
Relevant secondary sources, including those online;
•
Wessex Archaeology Marine Archaeological Environmental Impact Assessment Report (2010); and
•
Field observations.
2.3.2
The Centre for Kentish Studies (CKS) was closed for redevelopment during the preparation of this assessment, and was therefore not consulted. However, it was considered that this did not unduly impede sufficient data capture.
2.4
Gazetteers
2.4.1
Gazetteers of all relevant heritage assets for each study area have been compiled. These are presented as Appendices 1 and 2, and illustrated in Figures 1 & 2.
2.5
Field Observations
2.5.1
A site visit was undertaken by a qualified RSK archaeologist on 24/04/2012. During this, photographs and site notes were taken and maps sketch annotated as appropriate. The proposal site is either contained in reclaimed land of a late date, or within areas affected by modern development.
2.5.2
The Site was subject to reconnaissance that indicated heritage assets with archaeologically or historically significant above ground signatures not already captured by historic documentation examined for this assessment (such as from map evidence) were not present.
2.5.3
The current state of preservation was recorded for areas of known archaeology as highlighted through previously gathered desk-based sources.
2.6
Visual Assessment of the Setting of Designated Heritage Assets within Study Area B
2.6.1
Visual impact was assessed in accordance with the English Heritage methodology outlined above in regard to the setting of heritage assets.
2.6.2
For this, select designated heritage assets in Study Area B (within the ZVI), identified as sensitive to visual impact and nearest to the site were visited on the 24th April 2012 and assessed in terms of: •
Intended sight-lines/intervisibility with contemporaneous heritage assets;
•
Views towards/from/within heritage assets;
•
Landscape situation;
•
Dominance/prominence;
•
Degree of alteration to historic cultural landscapes; and
•
Anticipated scale of proposals.
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2.7
Assessment of Importance
2.7.1
The relative significance of each heritage asset within the gazetteer has been determined to provide a framework for comparisons between different sites. The categories do not reflect a definitive level of significance or value of a heritage asset, but a provisional one based on criteria such as the asset’s current status, the current knowledge about it, and/or its survival and potential. Conservation Principles (English Heritage. 2008) have been used to guide the relative assessment. The result is an analytical tool, which may inform later stages of assessment and mitigation. The relative levels of archaeological significance used are as follows (Table 2.1): Table 2.1: Assessment of Significance
2.7.2
Importance
Criteria
High
Internationally and nationally important resources; designated heritage assets
Medium
Regionally important resources, well defined extent, nature, date
Low
Locally important resources
Negligible
Sites of known low archaeological or historical importance, or where remains are known to have been significantly destroyed
Unknown
Resources of uncertain character, extent and/or date
Although heritage assets to be assessed for visual impacts within the broader landscape are statutorily protected and by definition of high archaeological importance, the sensitivity to visual impacts will not be equal for all heritage assets. A relative level of sensitivity to visual impact in line with the criteria laid out in Table 2.2 has therefore to be taken into account when assessing heritage assets. Table 2.2: Criteria for determining relative sensitivity of Designated heritage assets Relative Sensitivity
Definition
High
Asset that has a significant prominence and/or group value where landscape situation is intrinsic to the understanding/ appreciation of the asset, and/or significant public accessibility and promotion. Examples include open aspect hill forts and parkland features with deliberate sightlines or vistas.
Medium
Asset that has a medium prominence and/ or group value and/or previously unaltered cultural landscapes. Examples include buildings with a prominent visual marker such as a church spire/tower, or distinct upstanding archaeological remains such as undeveloped moorland containing barrows.
Low
Asset that has a low prominence, group value or public accessibility. Examples include heritage assets with upstanding earthwork remains but with low prominence, such as moated sites.
Negligible
Asset that has a negligible prominence, group value or public accessibility. Examples include buried archaeological sites (such as cropmark sites), which have no surface indicator.
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2.8
Limitations of the Assessment
2.8.1
Heritage data from the public datasets consists of secondary information derived from varied sources. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate. There are several limitations to the data set retrieved generic to any desk-based assessment which include the following:
2.8.2
•
Where the known archaeological data relates to chance findspots, the full extent, date and nature of these known sites is often uncertain;
•
The number of known sites for any given area is in direct proportion to the number of structured archaeological investigation have taken place – an absence of data may only indicate an absence of investigation, not of undetected sites present;
•
Not all archaeological finds or investigations are reported to regional or national heritage organisations, or are only reported after a considerable delay; and
•
A number of site records, especially older records such as antiquarian finds, excavations or observations often fail to accurately locate sites.
Due to the dataset limitations identified above, it is possible that previously unrecorded archaeological sites will survive within the proposed area of development. There is, therefore, often an element of uncertainty over the nature, frequency and extent of the archaeological resource that may be expected to survive.
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3
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
3.1
Site Description
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
Site Location The Site is located in the Pegwell Bay area of the East Kent coastline, south-west of the town of Ramsgate. The proposed cable falls to land directly south-west of the coastal village of Cliffsend adjacent to Pegwell Bay Service Station. The HVDC cable crosses the intertidal zone in an ENE-WSW direction where it turns southwestward. From the landfall the cable route follows on the coastal side of the existing cycle track which runs parallel to the A256 Sandwich Road, through Pegwell Bay Country Park then into Stonelees Nature Reserve and a sports ground (part of the former Pfizer Social Club). From the sports ground, the cables will be routed by Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) beneath the A256, Minster Stream, and a compartment of Hacklinge Marshes SSSI and they will terminate within the power station site adjacent to the proposed converter station. The majority of the proposal site is situated in the parishes of Cliffsend and Minster in Thanet District, with the exception of a small section of cable (at its southern end) being located in the parish of Sandwich within Dover District. Geology and Topography The Isle of Thanet is situated on a promontory forming the easternmost part of Kent within a coastal region that has undergone significant landform changes in the past. This would have influenced occupation and land-use throughout all periods. The designation as an ‘isle’ reflects the fact that up until the medieval period, the peninsula formed an island separated from north Kent by the Wantsum Channel.
3.1.4
The land generally slopes westwards from the chalk cliffs along the North Sea coast and southwards to the low lying marshland around Pegwell Bay. The south side of the Isle of Thanet features three low lying hills rising out of a flat plain of alluvium, including Ebbsfleet Hill and Cottington Hill. These hills formed a low peninsula known as the Ebbsfleet peninsula during the times that the Wantsum Channel was open and navigable. The sides of the Ebbsfleet peninsula to the east and the west formed two natural havens for cross Channel sea traffic in the past, which reflects its historic significance as a landing place for the Saxons in the 5th century AD and of St Augustine in the 6th century AD.
3.1.5
In terms of solid geology, Pegwell Bay lies at the junction of the chalk promontory of the Isle of Thanet with the overlying Thanet Beds. The superficial geology around the former Wantsum Channel consists of Quaternary alluvium. Height across Ordnance Datum varies across the proposal area, but generally lies around 3-5m.
3.2
Archaeological and Historical Background
3.2.1
Introduction For the purpose of this report, period distinctions have been utilised as tabulated:
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Table 3.1: Period divisions Prehistoric Prehistoric Palaeolithic
450,000 BP1
-
12,000 BP
Mesolithic
12,000 BP
-
4,000 BP
Neolithic
4,000 BC
-
2,000 BC
Bronze Age
2,000 BC
-
600 BC
Iron Age
600 BC
-
AD 43
Roman
AD 43
-
410 AD
Early Medieval
AD 410
-
1066 AD
Medieval
AD 1066
-
1485 AD
Post Medieval
AD 1485
-
1900 AD
Modern
AD 1900
-
Present
Historic
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
The archaeology and history of the Thanet region is somewhat set apart from the rest of the Kent region through its separation from the mainland by the Wantsum Channel until the medieval period, which rendered Thanet an island until that time. Details with regard to the Kent region in general have been sourced from The Archaeology of Kent to AD800 (KCC, 2007), while Thanet-specific references are derived from various sources, including the internet-based ‘Virtual Museum of Thanet Archaeology’ (see References). Palaeolithic The first evidence for human activity in Europe dates from the Pleistocene period about 500,000 years BC. Due to its vicinity to the Continent, Kent was the first place in Britain to be settled by Homo during the Middle Pleistocene, although activity patterns are believed to have fluctuated as the ice caps advanced and retreated. Kent remained relatively unaffected by glaciation, resulting in positive preservation conditions for the largest assemblage of artefacts of that date in Britain. There are recent records of Later Palaeolithic artefacts in the Pleistocene deposits in Pegwell Bay (Mason, Pers. Comm.), however, the majority came to light during the intense industrial and infrastructure development of the country from the 19th century onwards. Mesolithic It was not until the last glacial retreat, c. 12,000 BC, that southern England became permanently available for human exploitation. During this time, the climate stabilized, although the landscape continued to transform as ice shelves melted, affecting sea and river levels. Re-colonisation of the British Isles during the early
1
for the earlier periods, ‘BP’ (Before Present) is the accepted nomenclature, with ‘the present’ defined by convention as the year (AD) 1950. For periods within the Holocene, ‘BC’ (Before Christ) remains in common usage
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Mesolithic period is thought to have occurred from the west, and consequently sites of that date in Kent are rare. 3.2.5
3.2.6
This regional trend is generally reflected in Thanet, although a number of larger flint assemblages, most likely representing temporary hunting camps have been found at Quex Park, Westwood, Stone Bay, Thanet Reach Business Park, and possibly Chilton. Individual flint tool finds have also been made at Cliffsend and Nethercourt. Neolithic During the later 4th millennium BC, new types of artefacts appear in the archaeological record, such as querns, sickles and pottery containers. These changes are usually read as indicative of a shift from hunter-gatherer societies to sedentism, and agricultural and industrial subsistence strategies, although recent thinking sees this change as gradual and complex. Evidence for the period in Kent is widespread, and includes structures, such as long-houses (e.g. White Horse Stone), but also ritual activity, such as megaliths (e.g. Medway megaliths), and chambered tombs (e.g. Coldrum Stones, Kit’s Coty house). It is considered that, due to favourable local soils, the Isle of Thanet was settled by agricultural communities from the early part of the period onwards.
3.2.7
Early Neolithic pottery and flint-knapping debris has been recovered from buried land surfaces off the shore of Minnis Bay, and off mainland Whistable, confirming that these coastal zones were habitable between 4,000-3,400 BC for as much as one mile around the present shoreline. Finds of this date have been made across the Thanet peninsula, including early settlements along the coastal margins and chalk downlands, but also flint finds of a slightly later date from the inland plateau near Manston. At least six ceremonial enclosures were built in the south-eastern part of the island, on the chalk downland overlooking Pegwell Bay.
3.2.8
Recent excavations (Oxford Wessex Archaeology, 2010) on the Ebbsfleet peninsula and the scarp slope to the airport for the East Kent Access Road, Phase 2 (EKA2), recorded burial monuments and a large number of pits of Neolithic date (Mason. Pers. Comm.)
3.2.9
3.2.10
2
Bronze Age Technological advances continued, and by the second millennium BC, evidence for metalworking emerged. During this period, farming practices also developed, with enclosed field systems emerging in the archaeological record. In addition, occupation patterns appear to change during this period, with a shift to lowland farmstead settlements. Barrow burials are a key feature of the middle of the period, and are the commonest monument type in Kent. Often discovered by aerial photography along the chalklands, a vast number of barrow burials recognised in the region are located on Thanet, where they are seen to cluster in cemeteries along the ridges of the former island, and have given rise to the speculation that the name ‘Thanet’ is a derivation of the Celtic words for death and fire2. A barrow cemetery containing the signatures of ten burial mounds was, excavated as part of a road widening at Monkton. In addition, fourteen barrows and a Bronze Age settlement were excavated on the EKA2 scheme to the north. one barrow was found on the Ebbsfleet peninsula close to the Site and the peninsula is also noted for the deposition of LBA metal hoards in marginal areas. An
http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/content/articles/2006/05/15/thanet_isle_of_death_feature.shtml
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internationally significant Bronze Age burial and settlement site has been excavated by Wessex Archaeology at Cliffsend Farm (Mason. Pers. Comm.). 3.2.11
Iron Age Agricultural and settlement pattern continued to develop during the Iron Age, with a national trend for a greater number of settlement sites, which may indicate a further increase in population. Enclosures, both for livestock and settlements, and, more rarely hillforts, become a key feature of the period. The Kent region in general is rich in remains from this period, although Thanet seems slightly less densely occupied at this time.
3.2.12
Once again, widespread evidence for Iron Age settlement and use of the landscape has been found on the EKA2 scheme including an important settlement on the Ebbsfleet peninsula (Mason. Pers. Comm.).
3.2.13
It has been suggested that large numbers of Iron Age coins around coastal areas such as Richborough may indicate the presence of channel ports. Inhumation became a local burial tradition in Thanet. Whilst these inhumations are mostly unfurnished graves, a warrior burial with grave goods of weaponry and a bronze crown has been found near Deal, recalling a more European than British tradition, and reinforcing the evidence of cross-Channel trade and cultural contact during this time. This trend is also reflected in the amount of imported pottery wares found in the period in the Kent region.
3.2.14
3.2.15
Roman In AD43, the Roman army invaded southern England, and evidence for this is widespread throughout the Kent region. Thanet occupied a strategic position along the transport and trade routes between Britain and the Continent. The most significant military site of this date both for Thanet and the Kent region in general is the Roman fort erroneously named in later times ‘Richborough Castle’, which formed the gateway to Britain. It featured a major port, Rutupiae, along the Wantsum Channel, and provided the origin for Watling Street, one of the most significant Roman roads in Britain, connecting the coast with Londinium. The fort provided a military base camp, and featured a monumental marble arch of 25m height, constructed around AD 80-90 to celebrate the conquest of Britain, and marking the formal ‘entrance’ to Britain. Through the 2nd and 3rd centuries, a large township developed around the fort. The fort continued to be used and modified, and it is considered that from here, the Roman military forces withdrew in AD406. Civilian settlement followed the military invasion in Thanet as elsewhere in the region, and at least eleven villa sites are known or suspected, such as Abbey Farm Villa at Minster, and a further period building at Ebbsfleet. Evidence for Roman use of the landscape has been found on the EKA2 scheme including many trackways leading towards the Ebbsfleet embayment which was presumably a coastal landing area. (Mason. Pers. Comm.). Early medieval (Anglo-Saxon) period The Roman Empire officially withdrew from Britain in the early 5th century, between AD406 and AD410. According to the medieval writer Bede, Kent was invaded by Jutes in AD449 when they defeated the Britons at Aylesford. The traditional landing site of the Saxons is thought to have been located at Ebbsfleet. It is also thought that St Augustine may have landed here in AD 597, however the source for this dates from 1874. The venerable Bede, writing over a century after Augustine's landing, merely stated that the landing was in the Isle of Thanet. The site is no longer suitable as a landing place due to land reclamation.
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3.2.16
3.2.17
As elsewhere in Britain, funerary evidence prevails in the Anglo-Saxon period on Thanet, and a considerable number of cemeteries dated from between 5th and 8th centuries, as well as many individual burials and smaller groups, have been recorded. Settlement evidence is less well represented, although sunken feature buildings, ditches and pits of that dates have been recorded on several sites. The site of a timber building attributed to this period has been recorded from aerial photographic evidence at St Peters. The Anglo-Saxon settlement pattern is preserved in modern towns and villages, which sprung up around early parish churches during the period. Later medieval (Norman and later) period The Anglo-Saxon period ended with the Norman Conquest of AD1066. The Normans introduced the feudal system, which brought significant changes to the way land was owned and managed. During the medieval period, Thanet was heavily controlled and influenced by the Church. Many medieval structures survive on Thanet today, including a number of churches; much of the road network originates from the period also. The Domesday Book of AD1086 provides a record of the feudal landownership. In it, Thanet is recorded as being located in the Hundred (administrative unit) of Ringwould, and Monkton, Minster and Margate are listed as ecclesiastical holdings. Within the reorganization of the lathes in the 13th century in Kent, Thanet was incorporated into the Lathe of St Augustine.
3.2.18
Five ports on the Isle of Thanet were attached to the ports of Dover and Ramsgate within the Kentish Confederation of the Cinque Ports, established by the mid-12th century. During the medieval period, the Wantsum Channel continued to silt and became increasingly un-navigable. It is considered that land reclamation was mostly undertaken by monks in order to obtain land for agricultural and pastoral use. To this aim, sea walls, such as Abbot’s Wall at Minster and Monk’s Wall northwest of Stonar, had been constructed and these partly survive today.
3.2.19
The process of reclamation was accelerated through the works of the monastic landowners in the 12th and 13th centuries. These processes have left significant heritage assets in the area including sea walls and drainage patterns such as the Boarded Groyne (RSK 96) which the route crosses (Mason, Pers. Comm.).
3.2.20
3.2.21
Post-medieval The beginning of the post-medieval period saw the end of the feudal system and an expansion of industrial activities countrywide. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII, monastic properties were sold off to private landlords, including Salmestone Grange, Newlands and Ozengell on the Isle of Thanet. Following an initial economic slump after the Reformation, new trade links with the American colonies, the Baltic and Russia produced an era of economic growth and considerable wealth for Thanet, which developed into one of the richest farming areas in the country. However, as elsewhere, farming communities were affected by crop failures, and the general population was decimated by outbreaks of the plague and typhoid (introduced by sailors from the Armada fleet) in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th and 19th centuries, agricultural production mostly consisted of corn, barley, and hops production, and oasthouses of the period survive at Monkton. The availability of hops and barley also lead to the establishment of breweries at Margate and Ramsgate. The marshland of the now completely silted Wantsum Channel was used for sheep pasture. Agricultural production increasingly became subject to industrialised farming methods, leading to local riots by unemployed farmworkers, such as the Swing Riots of 1830. Windmills were used widely on
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Thanet during the period to aid agricultural production. Coastal trading with the Continent and the north of England continued to thrive, and extended to the Mediterranean and other continents by the 19th century, but also lead to an increase in smuggling activities. Naval batteries had been erected during the Naploeonic wars at North Cliffe and Chandos in Broadstairs, and the latter was later converted to a Preventative Station for the prevention of smuggling. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many seaside towns on Thanet also became fashionable holiday resorts. This was aided by the constructions of the railway line from London in the 19th century. 3.2.22
3.2.23
Modern Because of its proximity to the Continental mainland, Thanet occupied a strategic position during the world wars. World War I saw the construction of the great military supply port at Richborough which extended into the southern area of the scheme. The port was again used in World War II and features of the coastal defence at the time are significant to the story of the nation's defence (Mason, Pers. Comm.). In 1915-1916 early aircraft began to use the open farmlands at Manston as a site for emergency landings, and by 1917 the Royal Flying Corps was taking an active part in the defence of England. The aerodrome played an important role during World War II. A municipal airport was opened in July 1935, operating until the outbreak of the war in 1939. Following a short spell as a satellite of RAF Manston, it closed in 1940. The airport was re-opened in 1952 and operated until closure in 1968. Ramsgate also played a key role as a chief embarkation point during the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ramsgate ). The significance of the archaeological and historic complex at Richborough Castle is equally shared between its evidential, historic, aesthetic and communal values, all of which are high. This is reflected in its designation as a Scheduled Monument and its Grade I Listing. The site represents an important event in relation to the Roman occupation of Britain.
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4
BASELINE CONDITIONS STUDY AREA A
4.1
Introduction All heritage assets contained in Study Area A are tabulated in Gazetteer A and shown on Figure 1.
4.2
Designated Heritage Assets
4.2.1
Scheduled Monuments There are no Scheduled Monuments in Study Area A.
4.2.2
Listed Buildings There are seven Listed Buildings in Study Area A (RSK D1-7), all dating from the post-medieval period. Of these, one is Grade II* Listed (Wayborough Manor, RSK D1), with the remainder consisting of residential houses, farm buildings, and a village cross all of a Grade II designation. RSK D7, Chapel House, is a 14th century chapel converted into a house in the 19th century.
4.2.3
Registered Parks and Gardens and Battlefields There are no Registered Parks and Gardens or Battlefields in Study Area A.
4.3
Non-Designated Heritage Assets
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
Introduction The gazetteer records a total of 158 non-designated heritage assets in Study Area A (RSK 1-144, LIN 1-7, HM1-5). Many of these comprise elements of multiple periods. In the discussion below, heritage assets are listed under each period for which a known period element exists. Systematic recovery through metal detection recorded in the KHER under the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) has taken place in parts of the Study Area. This has resulted in a comparatively high number of records of individual findspots in some locales. Earlier and General Prehistory Four heritage assets contain elements broadly dated to the prehistoric period (RSK 1-3, 5). RSK 1 describes a ring ditch recorded at Weatherlees Hill Wastewater Treatment Works (WTW), whilst RSK 2 records enclosure and boundary ditches of this date on a multi-period site in the same vicinity. RSK 3 and RSK 5 record prehistoric materials recorded at Cottington Hill, Minster. Ditches and possibly some pits of a Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date may represent the remains of a partially eroded enclosure at Oaklands Nursery, Cliffsend (RSK 4). Bronze Age Ten sites have elements generally attributed to the Bronze Age (RSK 2, 6-14), although the majority of these date from the late part of the period. This includes features on multi-period sites mostly concentrated around Ebbsfleet Farm/Weatherlees and Cliffs End (RSK 2, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14).
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4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
4.3.10
4.3.11
Most significant for the period is the high concentration of Late Bronze Age ‘founders’3 hoards (RSK 6, 7, 9, 12) and bronze ingots (RSK 10, 11) found in the Study Area, all found around Ebbsfleet Farm, Cottington Hill and Cliff’s End. Iron Age Despite a very large number of gazetteer entries (sixty-seven) dated from the Iron Age or with a period element (RSK 7, 14, 16-78), evidence for settlement during the period is comparatively scant. The multitude of heritage assets is partly due to a bias of recovery introduced from systematic metal detection surveys recorded under PAS (see Section 4.3.2, above), including fifty-five single coins (RSK 18-70, 72, 77). The occurrence of such a large number of numismatic finds from a period where this is relatively rare is nevertheless noteworthy, and has been interpreted as a possible indicator of cross-Channel trade (see Section 3.2.7, above). The remainder of the gazetteer entries describe features and artefacts, mostly from the earlier-middle part of the period found on the already mentioned foci of multiperiod occupation around Weatherlees WTW and Oaklands Nursery (RSK 13-15, 17). Metal detectorist discoveries more indicative of actual occupation are metal grave contents described by RSK 70-71. RSK 78 describes a Late Iron Age settlement site with continued occupation into the Romano-British period at Weatherlees. The medieval/post-medieval date attributed to the KHER entry RSK 102 appears erroneous, and this is most likely part of the Early/Middle Iron Age occupation at Weatherlees instead. Romano-British Twelve assets are dated from the Romano-British period (RSK 2, 15, 78-87). These include period elements in already discussed multi-period sites around Weatherlees and Cottington Hill (RSK 2, 7, 15, 78), The latter site identified remains of a building of the period. Romano-British ditches, pits and other settlement evidence, including single inhumations and two inhumation cemeteries, as well as individual artefacts were recorded in various locations (mostly again north-west of Cliff’s End, near Cottington Hill and Ebbsfleet Farm) during archaeological works in relation to the Weatherlees Hill WTW pipelines in the 1970s and 2000s (RSK 79-87). Saxon Four gazetteer entries have Saxon period elements (RSK 8, 88-90). RSK 8 describes an inhumation cemetery of 24 burials and later pits at Cliffs End Farm. Evidence of settlement during this period is recorded under RSK 88 at Oaklands Nursery, Cliffs End. The traditional landing place of the Saxon is generically attributed to Ebbsfleet (RSK 89), while RSK 90 denotes a further coin find, this time from the Saxon period, at Cliffs End. Medieval Eighteen gazetteer entries date from (or have period elements from) the medieval period (RSK 2, 7, 78, 89, 91-101, LIN 1-3), and can be divided broadly into sites featuring pits and ditches around Weatherlees/Ebbsfleet (RSK 92-95); remnant sea defences (RSK 96, 97, LIN 1-2), individual metal detectorist finds (RSK 91, 100, 101), and historically recorded sites, such as St Augustine’s well, RSK 99, and his putative landing place, also at Ebbsfleet (RSK 89). RSK LIN 3 is a medieval trackway crossing the Study Area.
3
Discarded or broken objects intended for smelting, hidden as caches for safekeeping, and subsequently lost of forgotten.
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4.3.12
4.3.13
4.3.14
4.3.15
4.3.16
4.3.17
Post-medieval Twenty assets in the gazetteer date from the post-medieval period (RSK 5, 7, 103112, LIN 4-7, HM 1-4). These include evidence of rural occupation in the form of sites of former dwellings (RSK109, HM2, HM3), former saltworks (RSK 103, 108), an extant public house (‘The Sportman’, RSK HM4), the site of a former coastguard station (RSK HM1), an extant milestone (RSK 111), and individual stray finds of metal and ceramic objects (RSK 104, 105, 110). Gazetteer sites from the period related to transport links describe the 18th Stonar Cut (RSK 107), which links two meanders of the Stour, and a later road and railway bridge which cross it (RSK 106). The improvement to the navigation of the River Stour is recorded as RSK LIN4, whilst railways and a railway station established in the period are RSK LIN5, LIN6 and RSK 112. Modern Thirty assets recorded in the gazetteer date from the modern period (RSK 87, 111, 113-140). The vast majority of these relate to military activity during the two world wars, and mostly denote extant and demolished defensive installations. In this respect, RSK 120-126, 128, 132, 136 date from World War I, whilst RSK 87, 113118, 129, 131, 133, 134, 137, 138, and 140 all date from World War II. Maritime trade links are represented by Richborough Port and its former associated wharf and mineral railway and station (RSK LIN7, 127, 139), whilst RSK 119 denotes the former Richborough Power Station (RSK 119) constructed in the 1960s (not the 1930s, as is erroneously recorded in the KHER), which utilised coal from the nearby Kent coalfield. The heritage of the latter is commemorated in the sculpture of a miner dated from the 1960s set up in the same locale (RSK 130). The current status of this site is unknown. Uncertain date Five assets recorded in the gazetteer are of an unknown date (RSK 141-144, HM5). RSK 141-144 all record archaeological features where dates could not be established with certainty, or which remain unexcavated. The majority of these are likely to be either of a prehistoric or early historic date, and include undated burials discovered during the construction of defensive trenches at Weatherlees Hill during World War I (RSK 142). RSK HM5 records a further defunct sea bank pre-dating the Richborough Power Station observed on the 1st edition OS map (Figure 1, inset, and see below for details of map regression). Non-Designated Heritage Assets in the intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is being assessed in detail as part of the marine application, however, data from the draft marine heritage assessment prepared by Wessex Archaeology (2011) have been included here. This identified two non-designated heritage assets within it. RSK IZ1 is the findspot of a Roman cup recovered during dredging in 1902 considered to be a overboard chance loss. RSK IZ2 is a fragment of a medieval wall recorded during the excavation of a pipe trench. Locational data for both sites are relatively imprecise, and both sites are considered of low importance in relation to the proposals
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4.4 4.4.1
4.4.2
Map Regression Introduction Superseded OS mapping provided by Envirocheck at 1:10,560/1:10,000 (including a 100m buffer around the proposal area) was consulted for this assessment, and the observations made are tabulated below (Table 4.1). For clarification, large-scale maps at 1:2,500 were consulted for detail where necessary, but added little relevant additional information to the map observations. Table 4.1: Historic map regression observations Title & Date
Year
Scale
Description
Kent County Series
1877
1:10,560 The study area consists of open agricultural lands with irregular fields delineated by drains. A Boarded Groin (RSK LIN 2) follows the coastline closely at this time to the mouth of the Stour, where it intersects with the River Stour sea wall RSK HM1. The latter traverses the later site of the Richborough Power Station a this time. Close to the mouth of the river, the Stour takes a meandering form, and an island (No Man's Land) is present along the eastern estuary shoreline. Stonar Cut (RSK 107) and bridge are present (RSK 106). The North Shore Coastguard station (RSK HM1) and Halfway House (RSK HM2) are located west of the Boarded Groin, as are the Sportsman public house (RSK HM4) and St Augustine's Well (RSK 99). The purported landing place of the Saxon and St Augustine (RSK 89) is annotated east of Ebbsfleet Farm. The Deal Branch railway (RSK LIN6) and Ashford-Margate railway (RSK LIN5) are present south-west and north-west of the proposal area respectively. Cliffsend is at this time a small hamlet slightly set back from the coast.
Kent County Series
1898-99 1:10,560 No significant changes in the proposal area.
Kent County Series
1908
1:10,560 No significant changes along the central and northern extent of the buffer zone. Halfway House has been renamed Ebbsfleet House. Slight changes in landform along the coastline to the east where the sand bar at Shellness has extended further into the bay. In the wider study area, residential expansion is observable in the laying out of access road grids north of Cliffsend and west of Manston.
Kent County Series
1931
1:10,560 Few changes in relation to the proposal area. The coastguard station appears to have been decommissioned by this time. The section of sea wall crossing the future power station site and part of the Boarded Groin have been removed by this time, apparently to make way for railway tracks associated with the mineral railway (RSK LIN7), and in general preparation for the industrial development of the area. Ebbsfleet House is now associated with an orchard. In the wider study are, deposit accretion along the coastline west of the Stour estuary is in evidence, and extensive land reclamation has also taken place along its eastern shore. Here, No Man's Land island has been absorbed into the extended mainland, and the meanders of the rivers have been straightened out to the Stonar Cut. Extensive barracks, possible former WWI camp facilities (RSK 122) are present between the two branches of the Stour in the vicinity of Stonar Cut. In the wider study area, there is evidence for continued residential development around Cliffsend, which now extends back to the coastline at Cliffs Point.
Kent County Series
19381946
1:10,560 The mineral railway and sidings have been developed further near the future power station site, otherwise no significant changes around the proposal area.
Kent County Series
19481951
1:10,560 Partial map update only. No notable changes in the study area. Further residential development around Cliffsend is evident.
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4.4.3
4.4.4
Ordnance 1960Survey 1962 Plan
1:10,000 No notable changes around the proposal area with the exception of the establishment of Richborough Port and Richborough New Wharf. The former army barracks around Stonar Cut are now a mushroom farm. Considerable additional deposit accretion has occurred either side of the Stour Estuary, extending the coastline considerably further into the bay. In the wider study area, Manson Airfield is now annotated north-west of Cliffsend.
Ordnance 1968Survey 1969 Plan
1:10,000 Richborough Power Station (RSK 119) and associated overhead power lines extending to the south-west have been constructed, and a slag heap (presumably waste from the power station) is present along the coastline in the area of Ebbsfleet Farm, suggesting that its deposition might have played a role in land reclamation/coastal defences in this area. Otherwise no significant changes along the proposal area. Further expansion of residential areas around Cliffsend are underway and near Manston Aerodrome at this time.
Ordnance 1973Survey 1977 Plan
1:10,000 Partial update only, does not cover the proposals area.
Ordnance 1979 Survey Plan
1:10,000 As 1973-79
Ordnance 1982 Survey Plan
1:10,000 The Power Station complex has been slightly extended, and a pipeline connects it to the wharf. Lagoons have been installed to the west between the River Stour and the railway (in the area of the proposed substation). Some field consolidation into larger units is in evidence around Ebbfleet Farm. Cliffsend continues to extend.
Ordnance 1990Survey 1995 Plan
1:10,000 Some additional facilities in the vicinity of the Power Station have been constructed, such as a motor vehicle depot. Richborough Wharf is now annotated as Richborough Port. The sports ground to its north has been installed. A large refuse heap is present between the river and railway south-west of the Power Station. No other significant changes.
10K 1999 Raster Mapping
1:10,000 Additional facilities have been erected in the sports ground. Slight modifications within the Power Station complex reflect its decommissioning by this time. In the wider study area, Weatherlees Hill Wastewater Treatment Works has been established south-west of Ebbsfleet Farm, and Cliffsend continues to expand. The eastern bank of the Stour along the estuary now features a large nature reserve across the former mudflats.
10K 2006 Raster Mapping
1:10,000 No significant changes.
10K 2011 Raster Mapping
1:10,000 No significant changes. The reclaimed land along the proposed cable route is now annotated as the Pegwell Bay Conservation Area.
Summary Historic map regression shows a rural landscape that has experienced limited episodic and localised changes from post-medieval and modern industries, transport infrastructure and residential development, which leaves much of the historic structure and character of the landscape intact, if fragmented. Five assets (RSK HM1-5) were added to the gazetteer as a result of map observations. Most significantly, historic map regression enables the tracing of changes to the coastline, its sea defences and associated installations over the recorded period. This shows a considerable accretion of land on either side of the Stour Estuary since the first map edition of 1877, now mostly used as wildlife reserves and for recreational purposes.
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4.4.5
With respect to the current proposals, most significant is the recording of alignments of a former River Stour seawall predating the late 19th century (RSK HM5). Its relationship to the still partially extant Boarded Groin (RSK LIN2), thought to dated from the 14th century, suggests the cable route to lie within an area of land claimed in historic times (Figure 1, inset).
4.5
Aerial Photographic Evidence
4.5.1
The majority of proposal area lies in an area of reclaimed coastal and marshland. Where archaeological deposits are present in such areas, these are likely to lie buried deeply and are unlikely to be detected through aerial photographic examination.
4.6
Historic Landscape Characterisation
4.6.1
Historic Landscape Characterisation has been undertaken by Kent County Council (2004), and the results are summarised as excerpts in relation to the Study Areas below.
4.6.2
The Study Areas fall within two landscape character areas, namely Thanet to the north and Wantsum and the Lower Stour Marshes to the south. The limits of each area are distinctly defined by the southern coastline of the former island (Figures 1 & 2).
4.6.3
Thanet Thanet’s island quality is preserved by the way it rises out of the marshes to a modest height of approximately 50m AOD. Its landscape divides into two distinct areas, a flat plateau and the slope along the chalk outlier to the marshes at the south and west. With the exception of the urban conurbation of Ramsgate-MargateBroadstairs, settlements are generally nucleic and centre on former mills and ports or ferry landings at the edge of the former Wantsum Channel. One of the main characteristics of the landscape character are the long views to and from the former island across the marshland, and its open, unenclosed nature in general which is partly the result of a historic lack of vegetation. This is considered a key characteristic of this landscape.
4.6.4
It was concluded that the sense of place in Thanet is very strong, in part due to its persistent island quality where historic and ancient characteristics associated with settlements and road patterns, farming and cultural use all survive. It is considered that Thanet is a landscape with a high sensitivity to visual change; the coherence of the landscape character has already been denuded in the past. i
4.6.5
Characteristic features are: •
Open, large arable fields with predominance of brasssicas;
•
Long views;
•
Central domed ridge to the island, with the aerodrome dominant on the crest;
•
Exposed landscape, historically denuded seaside/coastal influence with big skies;
•
Suburban character to towns; and
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• 4.6.6
4.6.7
Open cliff-tops, bleak, grassy spaces.
The Wanstum and Lower Stour Marshes The marshlands around the north-east Kent coast are the reclaimed and silted up course of the Wantsum Channel and the former mouth of the River Stour. Consequently, a flat landform dominates and the landscape is large-scale with very long views. The adjacent higher ground of the chalk ridge of the former island of Thanet is very irregular and provides visual interest. Centrally located in the marsh are the banked and snaking forms of the Stour and Wantsum rivers which are now surrounded by open fields. The present field pattern is fairly small and irregular, delineated by a network of drainage ditches, dykes and flood defences. The land was originally reclaimed as summer pasture for sheep, much of this work being undertaken by wealthy ecclesiastical estates in the area. There is also historic evidence for former salt production. There is no settlement within the marsh, and the road network derives its character from former crossing places and drove roads. The marshes’ main characteristics form a flat and open landscape with long views and isolated stretches of farmland crossed by drainage channels. It is considered as of reasonable coherence as a reclaimed marsh in visual terms, however of poor cultural integrity and with a weak and indistinct sense of place. Sensitivity to visual changes is high due to the open nature of the landscape, and it has been concluded that new road patterns and land-use has resulted in a denudation of the landscape character, leaving a need to restore and create. Characteristic features are: •
Flat open and remote landscape;
•
No settlements on marshland;
•
Regular field pattern fringed with dykes and drainage ditches;
•
Flood defences characteristic elements;
•
River courses, flooding and waterlogging; and
•
Coastal influences such as climate and sand dunes.
4.6.8
In summary, the landscape that the scheme falls upon has changed from salt marsh to land reclaimed for grazing through medieval interventions. Subsequent development of the area was implemented for the military port and other coastal facilities such as the coastguard station. More lately the landscape was abandoned for establishment of a wildlife country park (Mason, Pers Comm.).
4.7
Field Observations
4.7.1
A visit to the area of development was undertaken on 24/04/2012. This confirmed the nature of the proposal area as low-lying reclaimed coastal land (Plate 6).
4.7.2
No surface indicator for RSK LIN 1, 125, HM1, 140 or 116 was identified. The subsurface preservation level is unknown.
.
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5
BASELINE CONDITIONS STUDY AREA B
5.1
Introduction
5.1.1
In line with the method outlined above, initially all higher-grade designated heritage asset (Scheduled Monuments, Grade I and II* Listings) were plotted within the ZVI of the above ground elements of the development to a maximum distance of 10km, whilst the plotting of Grade II listed assets was limited to 3km (Figure 1.2).
5.1.2
Site locations were individually double-checked on GIS-based mapping with regard to intervisibility between heritage assets and the proposed above ground elements of the development within or near the former Richborough Power Station. On the basis of this comparison, Study Area B gazetteer was subsequently reduced to those heritage assets where an actual visual impact was considered possible or likely.
5.1.3
Plotting of designated heritage assets within the ZVI produced a total of eleven heritage assets potentially visually affected (RSK V1-11). None of these assets are closer than 1.6km to the proposed development site. Of the eleven heritage assets, one is assessed to be of negligible sensitivity (RSK V2), and a further eight are of low sensitivity (RSK V4-7).These were not assessed in further detail.
5.1.4
World Heritage Sites (10km) There are no World Heritage Sites in Study Area B.
5.1.5
Registered Parks and Gardens (10km) There are no Registered Parks and Gardens in Study Area B.
5.1.6
Historic Battlefields (10km) There are no Historic Battlefields in Study Area B.
5.1.7
5.1.8
5.1.9
Scheduled Monuments (10km) Study Area B contains two Scheduled Monuments (RSK V1 and RSK V2). The archaeological elements of the Richborough Roman Fort, Saxon shore fortification (RSK V1) lie approximately 1.6km south from the converter/substation sites, and were graded as of medium sensitivity. RSK V2 describes the Anglo-Saxon cemetery south of Ozengell Grange, approximately 4km north of the proposed converter/substation sites. As a buried site, this Scheduled Monument was considered of negligible sensitivity to long view visual impact (which, despite the elevated situation of the site, is moreover likely to be masked by the village of Cliffsend which lies between the asset and the converter and substation sites). Listed Buildings Grade I & II* (10km) One Grade I (RSK V3), and two Grade II* Listed buildings are recorded in the ZVI. Richborough Castle (RSK V3, Grade I) lies approximately 1.9km from the converter and substation sites and has been accorded a high sensitivity in accordance with the criteria laid out in Table 2.2. Paramour Grange (RSK V4) and Stourmouth House (RSK V5), 4.5km and 6.7km respectively from the converter and substation sites, are both of a Grade II* designation and considered of low sensitivity. No sight-lines exist between the Grade II* Listed structure Wayborough Manor (RSK D1) recorded in Study Area A and the converter and substation site, and the asset is therefore excluded from the Study Area B gazetteer.
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5.1.10
5.1.11
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
Listed Buildings Grade II (3km) Six Grade II Listed Buildings are present in Study Area B (RSK V6-V11) at distances ranging between 2-2.8km from the converter and substation site. All are related to historic farm complexes and considered of a low sensitivity to long view visual impacts. Again, no visual connection between Grade II designated heritage assets already recorded in Study Area A (RSK D2-7) exists, and the assets have been excluded from the Study Area B gazetteer. Conservation Areas (3km) Pegwell Conservation Area is situated approximately 3.6km from the above ground elements of the proposals, and would therefore fall outside the range utilised for the visual assessment of this class of designation. The issue of a general visual intrusion on long views from the conservation area itself is assessed in more detail by means of photomontage in the LVIA chapter of the ER, and is not analysed further here.
Assessment of Visually Sensitive Designated Heritage Assets Setting and Views - Definition English Heritage (EH) defines setting as: “the surroundings in which [the asset] is experienced” (2011: 2). Setting of a heritage asset makes a contribution to its significance as determined by the sum of its aesthetic, historic, communal or evidential values defined in Conservation Principles (EH. 2008). The contribution setting makes to a heritage asset can be beneficial, neutral or adverse. Many factors other than the visual can influence a heritage asset’s setting, such as noise, dust, odour or vibration. The extent of a setting varies for each heritage asset, but it can be helpful to broadly divide settings into ‘immediate’ and ‘extended’ ones (2011: 4). In relation to the latter, the relationship between ‘views’ and setting is key. The setting of a heritage asset is likely to include a variety of views of, across, through, or including that asset. Some views may contribute to understanding the significance of a heritage asset more than others. Factors that influence views in relation to a heritage assets are outlined in Section 2.6.2 of this report. Summary of sensitive assets in Study Area B Plotting of designated heritage assets within the ZVI produced a total of eleven heritage assets potentially visually affected. None of these assets are situated closer than 1.6km to the proposal site. Of the total, one was found to have negligible sensitivity, and a further eight to have a low sensitivity, and these were not assessed in further detail. All visual heritage assets with their respective sensitivity and distance from the above ground elements of the proposals is tabulated below (Table 5.1) Table 5.1: Visually sensitive designated heritage assets in Study Area B RSK ID
NMR
Name
Monument Type/Listing Grade
Visual Sensitivity
SCHEDULED MONUMENT
Medium
Distance/km
SCHEDULED MONUMENTS V1
1014642
A Saxon Shore fort, Roman port and associated remains at Richborough
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V2
1004228
Anglo-Saxon cemetery S of Ozengell Grange
SCHEDULED MONUMENT
Negligible
4
GRADE I AND II* LISTINGS V3
1363256
RICHBOROUGH CASTLE
I
High
1.9
V4
1070220
PARAMOUR GRANGE
II*
Low
4.5
V5
1281733
STOURMOUTH HOUSE
II*
Low
6.7
II
Low
2
GRADE II LISTINGS V6
1045842
RICHBOROUGH FARM RICHBOROUGH FARM COTTAGE
V7
1051611
GUSTON COURT
II
Low
2.8
V8
1070222
KING'S END FARMHOUSE
II
Low
2
V9
1070248
MULBERRY HOUSE
II
Low
2.7
V10
1363231
STABLES ABOUT 5 METRES SOUTH WEST OF GUSTON COURT
II
Low
2.85
V11
1045868
CASTLE FARM
II
Low
2
5.2.4
The two heritage assets of the highest sensitivity to visual impact (Richborough Castle, RSK V3, and the archaeological remains of the Saxon shore fort within it, RSK V1) form one historic complex with a shared history located approximately just under 2km south of the southern extent of the converter and substation site. Due to their mutual association, their significance as a group is elevated over that of its individual parts, thus also increasing the group’s overall significance.
5.2.5
Despite its proximity, it is considered that the nearby Grade II Listed Richborough Farm (RSK V6) does not share comparable associations, and has been graded as a stand-alone asset with a low sensitivity to visual impact.
5.2.6
5.2.7
Richborough Castle (LB I), Roman fort and Saxon shore (SM) (RSK V1, V3) It is considered that the significance of the archaeological and historic complex at Richborough Castle is equally shared between its evidential, historic, aesthetic and communal values, all of which are high. This is reflected in its high designations as a Scheduled Monument and Grade I Listing, as well as its status as a popular tourist attraction. The site represents a key event in the relation to the Roman occupation of Britain, and has an intrinsic relationship with the landscape it is situated in, since the fortifications were erected in response to the strategic nature of the palaeo-environment at the time. The historic complex therefore provides prominent visible link with the modern as well as the former landscape, and key events of national importance taking place within it. Views related to these heritage assets, particularly its imposing upstanding remains, are therefore a fundamental part of the significance of this important group of assets. In view of the distance of the proposals to the historic complex, potential impacts are considered to be limited to visual effects, and in relation to the extended setting of the site within relevant long views. Long views are afforded through the open nature of the marshland landscape in which the historic complex is situated and which it was designed to dominate. It was therefore considered that key views to
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and from the historic complex, and from within is required assessment by a site visit, which was undertaken on 24/04/2012. 5.2.8
5.2.9
Views from and within the Richborough Castle historic complex Weather conditions were persistently rainy and dull during the survey, with restricted visibility. The confidence rating in the results of the survey were therefore rated as moderate. The main approach to the historic complex from the southwest is via a winding lane enclosed by high hedgerows, allowing no views to and from the site until the visitors’ car park (situated south of the site) is reached. Here, the converter and substation site are situated behind and therefore masked by the upstanding walls of the monument, surviving approximately 3-5m height (see Plate 1). Within the complex itself, views to the north are only afforded via gaps within the enclosure wall, but due to the elevation of the historic complex in relation to the proposal site this is limited to very tall structures extending from it, such as were represented by the now demolished 100m high cooling towers of the former Richborough Power Station (see Plates 3 and 4). Being enclosed within one another, intervisibility between heritage assets RSK V1 and V3 is not influenced by the development site in any way. A full view of the development area is only possible from outside the northern wall (Plate 2, approximate location marked with an arrow). It is considered that the proposal site blends in with existing industrial structures around it (including a wind turbine), and that visual distraction from this viewpoint is furthermore afforded by nearby vegetation and undulations of as well as features within the landscape across the middle distance. Views to the Richborough Castle historic complex and dominance Despite its elevated position in relation to the converter and substation site, the Richborough historic complex lies embedded in surprisingly undulating and visually varied surroundings, with considerable masking from mature vegetation and existing development. Apart from the main approach to the site already described, a brief view of the heritage asset in relation to the above ground developments of the proposal is afforded to northbound motorists of the nearby A256; however at that vantage point, the setting of the heritage asset is overshadowed by the former Pfizer complex to the east, which dominates the landscape at this locale (Plate 4).
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6
HERITAGE POTENTIAL
6.1
Study Area A – Physical Constraints
6.1.1
The island of Thanet has a rich archaeological and historic resource, and this is reflected in the high number of sites contained in Study Area A. However, with the exception of earlier historic sea defences or later historic sites related to warfare and agriculture, these are exclusively contained within the limits of the former island, and the changes of the palaeo-environment over time is key for the assessment of the archaeological potential of the proposal area in particular. This assessment demonstrates that the proposal most likely lies entirely within the limits of the former Wantsum Channel and therefore within land reclaimed since its silting up in the 14th century, and through later (fairly rapid) coastal deposit accretion that can be traced on map evidence from the last 150 years. The majority of the cable route lies outside a late historic sea wall (RSK HM5) recorded on the 1877 1st edition OS map, and appears to be contained within land reclaimed in the postmedieval period.
6.1.2
The Wantsum Channel formed at the end of the last Ice Age about 12,000 years ago, from the melting water from the shrinking ice caps and glaciers that made sea levels rise. Prior to this time, the area of the channel would have been part of the mainland landmass, and there is therefore an unconfirmed potential for the presence of archaeological artefacts and palaeo-environmental evidence from the Pleistocene period below the later channel silts. Such horizons are likely to be at considerable depth and will not be affected by the shallow groundworks required for the installation of the cables or ancillary works; however, some strata of interest could potentially be reached in deeper excavations, such as the HDD launch and receptor pits, or from any deep excavations required for construction of the converter station or substation. Deeper excavations required for the Transition Joint Pit (TJP) situated in the reclaimed coastal land are unlikely to reach deposits of archaeological interest.
6.1.3
The Channel was a navigational route from later prehistoric times and given the known prehistoric, Roman and Saxon assets on the adjoining dry land areas it is possible that evidence for its use and the use of the marginal areas will survive in subsurface deposits.
6.1.4
After reclamation, the proposal site would have been peripheral marshland, most likely used as grazing land, with little potential for any significant archaeological remains. Post-medieval and modern land-use is likely to have produced above as well as below ground signatures, but would be limited to sites of low value related to agricultural use or defensive purposes.
6.1.5
In summary, it is considered that between the landfall and the converter station, there is an unproven potential for deposits of archaeological interest at depth from the very early (Pleistocene) prehistoric period (500,000-12,000 years ago), that there is a negligible potential for archaeological remains from all (Holocene) prehistoric periods, and medium potential for the later prehistoric, Roman and earliest historic periods. The potential for significant remains from all later historic periods from the medieval period onwards is considered low.
6.1.6
Based on the data included in Wessex Archaeology’s draft report, it is considered that between the landfall and low water mark, there is also has an overall low
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potential for the presence of archaeological remains other than with regard to the recovery of redeposited artefacts from wrecks or chance losses from cross-channel traffic. A detailed marine assessment has been undertaken as part of the marine application.
6.2
Study Area B – Visual Constraints
6.2.1
A potential visual impact is anticipated from the construction of the converter station and substation within the site of the former power station. The Richborough Castle historic complex has been identified as the only heritage receptor with a high sensitivity in the ZVI of the proposal site, and moreover that both immediate and extended setting forms an intrinsic part of the heritage assets contained therein. In view of the distance between the historic complex and the proposal site, potential visual impact is limited to the extended setting of the historic complex, through the denigration of key long views. The results of this assessment suggest that only one key view from outside the monument to the converter station and substation site is likely to be affected. It is considered that any adverse effect is, to an extent, moderated by existing visual detractors within the landscape (such as varied topography and vegetation), and through the blending of the proposed converter station and substation with the existing industrial installations surrounding it. It is therefore concluded that the potential for a visual intrusion on the historic complex of Richborough Castle is low.
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7
RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1.1
Consultation has been undertaken with the Principal Archaeological Officer at Kent County Council (S. Mason, 26th July 2012), who’s comments have been incorporated into this technical appendix and corresponding ES assessment chapter.
7.1.2
KCC have indicated that mitigation during the design process should involve preservation in situ where extant heritage features are identified on the line of the proposed cable route. Subsequently, and during the construction phase, a watching brief should be undertaken of the cable route to record identified preserved subsurface remains, and provision should be made for recording of archaeology to include palaeo-environmental remains.
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REFERENCES English Heritage 2006. Environment (MoRPHE)
Management of Research Projects in the Historic
English Heritage 2001. The Setting of Heritage Assets Institute of Field Archaeologists. 2009. Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (revised) Institute of Field Archaeologists. 2010a. Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-Based Assessments (revised) Institute of Field Archaeologists. 2010b. Code of Conduct (revised) Kent County Council. 2004. Landscape Character Assessment (prepared by Jacobs Babtie on behalf of KCC) Kent County Council. (Williams, J. ed). 2007. The Archaeology of Kent to AD800 Wessex Archaeology. 2011. Project Nemo UK-Belgium Electrical Interconnector Richborough to West-Zeebrugge Archaeological Environmental Impact Assessment. Volume I: Report Internet Resources Trust for Thanet Archaeology: The Virtual Museum of Thanet Archaeology (accessed 02/04/2012 17:19) http://www.thanetarch.co.uk/Virtual%20Museum/1_Virtual%20Museum%20Main%20Pages/ Virtual_Museum_Home.html
English Heritage downloads http://services.english-heritage.org.uk/NMRDataDownload/ http://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/
On Kent Geology: http://www.kgg.org.uk/kentgeo.html
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APPENDICES
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GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS STUDY AREA A DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS RSK ID KHER
NMR
Name
D1
949168 WAYBOROUGH MANOR
Description
Monument Type
Period
Easting
Northing
Importance
Largely late 16th century or early 17th century house at rear of which is part of a medieval building perhaps dating to 1450-90. This latter conforms to a plan of a medieval upper end wing.
LISTED BUILDING GRADE II*
Post-medieval
632920
165050
High
D2
MKE35147
FARM OFFICE Grade II listed building. Main construction periods ABOUT 10 METRES 1600 to 1986 EAST OF SEVENSCORE HOUSE
Listed Building Grade II
Post-medieval
633210
164360
High
D3
MKE35138
469595 SAINT AUGUSTINE'S Grade II listed building. Main construction periods CROSS 1884 to 1884
Listed Building Grade II
Post-medieval
634037
164157
High
D4
MKE34758
53 AND 55 FOAD'S LANE
Grade II listed building. Main construction periods 1737 to 1737
Listed Building Grade II
Post-medieval
634590
164250
High
D5
MKE35146
BARN ABOUT 30 METRES SOUTH EAST OF SEVENSCORE HOUSE
Grade II listed building. Main construction periods 1500 to 1986
Listed Building Grade II
Post-medieval
633236
164319
High
D6
MKE35021
SEVENSCORE HOUSE
Grade II listed building. Main construction periods 1700 to 1899
Listed Building Grade II
Post-medieval
633190
164360
High
D7
MKE35024
A former chapel of St Nicholas' is located near Listed Building Grade II Thorne Farm in Minster parish. This monument dates to the 14th century and has 19th century alterations when it was converted into a house. It is grade II listed and is thought to be in good condition. The structure was originally built as a private chapel to Thorne Manor. This house was demolished in the 19th century and the chapel was subsequently converted into a house. It is thought that none of the internal features of the chapel now survive.
Post-medieval
633420
164972
High
Description
Period
Easting
Northing
Importance
469529 CHAPEL HOUSE
NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS RSK ID KHER
NMR
Name
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Monument Type
1
1
MKE78428
Ring ditch, Weatherlees Hill Waster Treatment Works
Ring ditch, Weatherlees Hill Waster Treatment RING DITCH, ENCLOSURE Works. It was partially investigated in 1995 during an evaluation.
Prehistoric
633350
162930
Medium
2
MKE21078
Prehistoric, RomanoBritish and Medieval enclosure and boundary ditches and two middens with Bronze Age pottery
A large number of ditches, dating to the prehistoric, ENCLOSURE Romano-British and Medieval periods were recorded. The ditches are enclosure and boundary ditches. Two midden spreads were located at the southern end of the site and contained large quantities of Bronze Age pottery.
Prehistoric; Bronze Age; Romano-British; Medieval
633440
163035
Medium
3
MKE15875
Prehistoric midden material, Cottington Hill, Minster
Evidence of a prehistoric midden was found in MIDDEN eroded material from the bank of a dyke near Cottington Hill. Amongst the finds were late bronze/ early Iron Age pottery sherds and other associated midden materials.
Prehistoric
633850
163620
Low
4
MKE78368
DITCH, PIT Late Neolithic to Early Ditches and possibly some pits which contained Bronze Age activity, Late Neolithic pottery and Early Bronze Age flints. Oaklands Nursery These may relate to a partially eroded enclosure. site, Cliffsend
Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age
634476
164057
Medium
5
MKE15864
Prehistoric finds and Tudor remains, Cottington Hill, Minster parish
Prehistoric; Post- 633700 medieval
163900
Low
6
MKE8059
Bronze Age
633270
163080
Medium
7
MKE15983
Bronze Age; Iron Age; Medieval; Post-medieval; Modern
633200
163000
Medium
Prehistoric pottery and worked flint were found in association with a large sandstone boulder. The remains of flint wall foundations were also discovered with iron-working artefacts and 16th 17th century pottery.
469539 Bronze Age founder's A late Bronze Age founder's hoard was discovered FINDSPOT; HOARD hoard, Ebbsfleet in January 1893 on a farm at Ebbsfleet, near Farm, Minster parish Minster. The hoard consisted of 181 weapons and implements and these are now held in the British Museum. The exact location of this findspot is uncertain and no further information about its discovery was available. Multiperiod Multi-period occupation identified, dating from the SETTLEMENT; HOARD occupation, Ebbsfleet BA, IA, RO, MD and later periods. Early/Mid IA farm settlement remains and traces of a structure of RO or MD date were located during the preconstruction evaluation phase of the wastewater treatment works site. The development proposals were modified to ensure the continued preservation of these deposits. The most important find from the site is a small LBA hoard, dated 9/8C BC.
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2
8
MKE41621
Bronze Age and Saxon evidence found at Cliffs End Farm in 2004
In 2004 Cliffs End Farm was investigated archaeologically prior to house building. The excavation found abundant evidence that the site was used for funerary and ceremonial purposes in the Bronze Age and then again in the Saxon period. The Bronze Age evidence included four early Bronze Age round barrows, one of which included a burial and another a structure. In the later Bronze Age a series of horseshoe shaped enclosures contained disarticulated skeletons and ritual deposits. In the early Saxon period 24 burials were placed at the site, 12 of which were centred on a female burial. In the middle Saxon period more than 60 pits were dug in the northern part of the site. These may have been used for cooking shellfish.
RUBBISH PIT, PIT, Bronze Age; ENCLOSURE, INHUMATION, Saxon PIT, ROUND BARROW, INHUMATION, STRUCTURE
634794
164266
Medium
9
MKE15874
Bronze age hoard, Cottington Hill, Minster
A small late Bronze Age hoard was reportedly found near Cottington Hill by a metal detectorist. I
FINDSPOT
Bronze Age
633450
163450
Low
10
MKE74252
Bronze Age ingot
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Bronze Age
634820
164290
Low
11
MKE74253
Bronze Age ingot
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Bronze Age
634820
164290
Low
12
MKE78429
Late Bronze Age Hoard, Ebbsfleet Farm
In 1995 a metal detecting survey was carried out before evaluation and bore holing at Ebbsfeet Farm in anticipation of work on the Weatherlees Hill Waste Treatment Works. A small Late Bronze Age hoard, termed 'Ebbsfleet III' was found at TR 3320 6300.
HOARD
Late Bronze Age
633190
163000
Medium
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13
MKE15419
Late Bronze Age/Early In 1995 an evaluation was done by Wessex DITCH, PIT, POST HOLE Iron Age features, Archaeology at the Weatherlees Waste Treatment Weatherlees Hill Works. Nine linear or curvilinear features were Waste Treatment noticed. A length of ditch was one of these features Works noticed, running on a north-west south-east alignment. Of eight sherds recovered from its fill, 4 were assigned the period Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age, c. 2500-1800 BC. Another trench was curvilinear and was suggestive of a possible section of 'drip trench'. A feature similar in shape and nature to the 'drip trench' was found to contain a sherd of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age. Another sherd of Early/Middle Iron Age pottery arose from another linear, but it appears this feature cuts into earlier linear features. Also seen were six pits or post holes, the two largest were probably pits and produced one sherd of pottery and the remainder were smaller producing six of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery.
Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age
633390
162950
Medium
14
MKE78374
Late Bronze Age and Residual Late Bronze Age and Iron Age pottery FINDSPOT Iron Age pottery, was found in later features. It is likely that it Oaklands Nursery site indicates occupation of these periods in the vicinity.
Late Bronze Age; 634470 Iron Age
164050
Low
15
MKE8113
Late Bronze Age; 633392 Iron Age; Romano-British;
163301
Medium
16
MKE78430
Early/Middle Iron Age
163030
Medium
469623 Multi period site on Cottington Hill, Minster parish
Iron Age and Romano-British pottery was found at VILLA; SITE; BURIAL Cottington in 1977 during a rescue excavation by the Thanet Archaeological Unit. During excavations at the site in 1990 a Beaker burial, Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age pottery, and the remains of a Roman building were identified. A date for this structure in the late second century was suggested by coin and pottery evidence. It has been suggested that the building may be the remains of a villa.
Early/Middle Iron Age Early/Middle Iron Age site, Weatherlees Hill Waste SITE site, Weatherlees Hill Treatment Works, found in 1995 during an evaluation. Waste Treatment Works
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633220
4
17
MKE78432
18
MKE10031
19
In 1995 an evaluation was done by Wessex ANIMAL BURIAL Archaeology at the Weatherlees Waste Treatment Works. A sheep and horse burial were both found, however the horse was assumed to be a modern burial. The burial of the sheep produced three sherds of Early/Middle Iron Age pottery from the area around the burial. It is thought the burial was heavily disturbed by ploughing and the bones could not be seen in a cut.
Iron Age
633270
163070
Low
858792 Iron age coins, Cottington Hill, Minster
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633630
163900
Low
MKE10032
858795 Copper Celtic coin, Cottington Hill, Minster
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633570
163900
Low
20
MKE10033
858796 Gaulish iron age Metal detectorist find coins, Cottington Hill, Minster
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633660
163900
Low
21
MKE10034
858799 Late iron age coin, Cottington Hill, Minster
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633600
163900
Low
22
MKE10035
858800 Late iron age coin, Cottington Hill, Minster
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633680
163900
Low
23
MKE10036
858802 Iron age coin, Cottington Hill, Minster
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633730
163900
Low
24
MKE10037
858805 Late iron age coin, Cottington Hill, Minster
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633600
163900
Low
25
MKE74453
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
632800
163800
Low
26
MKE74355
Iron Age gold coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633000
164000
Low
27
MKE74426
Iron Age silver coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633190
163230
Low
28
MKE73930
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
29
MKE73931
Iron Age silver coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
30
MKE73932
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
Animal burial, Weatherlees Hill Waste Treatment Works
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31
MKE73933
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
32
MKE73934
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
33
MKE73935
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
34
MKE73936
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
35
MKE73937
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
36
MKE74273
Iron Age silver coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
37
MKE74172
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
38
MKE74173
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
39
MKE74174
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
40
MKE74175
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
41
MKE74176
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
42
MKE74287
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
43
MKE74288
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
44
MKE74416
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
45
MKE74417
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
46
MKE74418
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
47
MKE74419
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
48
MKE74420
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
49
MKE74421
Iron Age silver coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
50
MKE74422
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
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51
MKE74423
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633300
163500
Low
52
MKE73946
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
53
MKE73947
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
54
MKE73948
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
55
MKE73949
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
56
MKE73950
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
57
MKE74042
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
58
MKE74167
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
59
MKE74168
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
60
MKE74169
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
61
MKE74170
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
62
MKE74171
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
63
MKE74179
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
64
MKE74181
Iron Age silver coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
65
MKE74278
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
66
MKE74401
Iron Age silver coin
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163400
Low
67
MKE73938
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163900
Low
68
MKE74286
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633400
163900
Low
69
MKE74428
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
633540
162750
Low
70
MKE74256
Iron Age grave contents
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
634820
164290
Low
Metal detectorist find
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7
71
MKE74257
Iron Age grave contents
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
634820
164290
Low
72
MKE74507
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
635000
164000
Low
73
MKE74508
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
635000
164000
Low
74
MKE74509
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
635000
164000
Low
75
MKE74510
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
635000
164000
Low
76
MKE74511
Iron Age copper alloy Metal detectorist find coin
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
635000
164000
Low
77
MKE76498
Early Denarial silver early penny ('sceat'), Cliffsend, Ramsgate
Metal detectorist find
FINDSPOT
Iron Age
634000
164000
Low
78
MKE15319
Late Iron Age/Romano-British site, Weatherlees Hill, Minster
A Late Iron Age and Romano-British occupation SETTLEMENT, BUILDING site was discovered on Weatherlees Hill. A building of uncertain date was also found at the site, and this was thought to be associated with 13th and 14th century activity at the site.
Late Iron Age, Romano-British; Medieval
633000
162850
Medium
79
MKE21075
Romano-British ditches, sunken featured building, two cemeteries and pit containing prehistoric pottery
Twenty eight ditches were recorded in this area DITCH, PIT, POST HOLE, CREMATION CEMETERY, although the majority did not appear to form any coherent pattern; tow ditches bound the cremation CREMATION CEMETERY an inhuman cemeteries. Twenty three pits and two postholes were recorded in the area and two contain rare prehistoric pottery. A sunken featured building aligned east-west is believed to RB in date. Two Romano-British cemeteries were recorded within the area.
Romano-British
633990
164382
Medium
80
MKE21076
Romano-British drainage ditches, hearth and two inhumations
Thirty-eight ditches were recorded on the site DITCH, HEARTH, although the majority did not appear to form any INHUMATION coherent pattern of field system or enclosure. Five pits were recorded, likely to be contemporary, dated to the RB period. A single hearth and two inhumations were recorded in the excavation area.
Romano-British
633894
164001
Medium
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8
81
MKE17382
82
MKE8114
469624 Romano-British pits and associated materials, Cottington Hill, Minster parish
83
MKE8118
469628 Romano-British The remains of a suspected Romano-British SETTLEMENT occupation site, Cliffs occupation site were found during work to lay a End, Minster parish pipeline in 1977. This site is located near the golf club house at Cliffs End. The discovery of Samian pottery, other fine wares and building materials were seen as evidence of a Roman Villa site. Belgic remains were also reported.
84
MKE8060
Roman bronze toga pin (fibula), Ebbsfleet, Minster parish
85
MKE78445
A silver Roman coin, Weatherlees Hill Waste Treatment Works
86
87
Roman structural remains, Weatherlees Waste Treatment Work
469624
MKE21077
Romano British Landscape, inhumation burial and possible WW11 antiaircraft station
In 1995 an evaluation was done by Wessex WALL, FLOOR, ROBBER Archaeology at the Weatherlees Waste Treatment TRENCH, MIDDEN Works. Two wall foundations, aligned east to west, were uncovered. They were of water worn flint nodules but no matar was observed. A compact chalk flecked earth floor was between the walls. An area of flint cobbles abutt the southern wall and may be part of an external yard surface. The walls and floor were planned but remain in situ. A small pit associated with these features may be a robber pit of some kind.
Romano-British
633350
163070
Medium
The remains of a number of pits were found during PIT a rescue excavation by the Thanet Archaeological Unit in 1977. Removed from the fill of these features were a number of late 3rd and 4th century pottery sherds, including coarse wares and samian wares.
Romano-British
633800
163900
Medium
Romano-British
633800
164100
Medium
FINDSPOT
Romano-British
633000
163000
Low
FINDSPOT
Romano-British
633310
162970
Low
Late 3rd to 4th century pits containing pottery were SITE found in 1977 at Cottington, Cliffsend.
Romano-British
633800
163900
Low
Fifty two ditches were recorded on the site, divided PIT, ENCLOSURE, DITCH, into two principal groups located at the northern INHUMATION and southern end respectively. The northern ditches are part of a rectilinear enclosure system. At the southern end of the site a large number of ditches were on a north-west/south-east alignment part of which could have been a defensive boundary.
Romano-British; Modern
633509
163494
Medium
Topsoil find recovered during an evaluation by Wessex Archaeology in 1995
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9
88
MKE78369
89
MKE8057
90
MKE76499
A plated imitation? Anglo-Saxon silver early penny ('sceat'), Cliffsend, Ramsgate
91
MKE74255
Early Medieval grave contents
92
MKE8115
93
MKE78435
Four Medieval ditches and eight Medieval pits, Weatherlees Waste Treatment Works
94
MKE15892
Possible medieval farmstead, Ebbsfleet Farm, Ramsgate
DITCH, PIT Anglo-Saxon activity, In 1998 an evaluation and an excavation were Oaklands Nursery carried out by the Trust for Thanet Archaeology on site, Cliffsend the Oaklands Nursery site at Cliffsend. A number of pits, a ditch and possible pits or post holes were found. 469535 Saxon and early medieval landing site, Ebbsfleet, Minster parish
Saxon
634471
164056
Medium
Saxon; Medieval
633600
163100
Low
FINDSPOT
Saxon
634000
164000
Negligible
FINDSPOT
Early Medieval
634820
164290
Medium
Early Medieval; Medieval
633500
163600
Low
In 1995 an evaluation was done by Wessex DITCH, PIT Archaeology at the Weatherlees Waste Treatment Works. Ditches dated from between the 12th-14th centuries.
Medieval
633240
162950
Medium
The remains of possible infilled ditches were found FARMSTEAD during trenching at Ebbsfleet Farm in 1990. Pottery sherds were also found during field walking at the site. The evidence has been interpreted as possibly that of a ditch-enclosed medieval farmstead.
Medieval
634400
162600
Medium
The traditional landing site of the Saxons is thought LANDING POINT to have been located at Ebbsfleet. The original date for this event was AD 449 and the basis for this is information found within the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. This states that the Saxons Hengist and Horsa, on the invitation of Vortigern, King of the Britons, landed in 449 at a place called 'Ypwines fleot'. This is assumed to be Ebbsfleet in the Isle of Thanet. It is also thought that St Augustine may have landed here in AD 597, however the source for this dates from 1874. The venerable Bede, writing over a century after Augustine's landing merely stated that the landing was in the Isle of Thanet. (See also TR 36 SW 37). The site is no longer suitable as a landing place due to land reclamation.
469625 Early A pit feature was found at Cottington to the north of PIT medieval/medieval pit, Ebbsfleet in 1977, during work to lay a pipeline. Cottington Hill, Dated to c.1050-1100 AD. Minster parish
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10
95
MKE17355
Probable medieval ditch-enclosed farmstead, near Weatherless Water Treatment Works, Minster parish
The remains of a probable ditch enclosing a 13th - DITCH, FARMSTEAD? 14th century farmstead were found during archaeological investigations near the Weatherlees Water Treatment Works.
Medieval
633400
162610
Medium
96
MKE8053
14th century sea wall, Minster, Ramsgate and Sandwich parishes
The remains of boarded groin structures are SEA DEFENCES located at the eastern extent of Minster parish on the border with Thanet, and running south to the northern area of Sandwich parish. These strutures run for at least 1.5km and they are thought to be the remains of a sea wall built in 1365 after an inundation of the sea between Cliffsend and Stonar. This sea wall is today visible as an earthen bank approximately 6 - 9m in width and up to 1.5 m in height. The bank is thought to be in reasonable condition where it survives, although it is no longer a continuous feature.
Medieval
634060
162990
Medium
97
MKE78370
Medieval boarded In 1998 an evaluation and an excavation were SEA DEFENCES groin, Oaklands carried out by the Trust for Thanet Archaeology on Nursery site, Cliffsend the Oaklands Nursery site at Cliffsend. The remains of a decayed and plough damaged medieval boarded groin were found to cross the site. These consisted of a band of flint pebbles and cobbles, the likely remains of a revetment raised behind a wooden plank barrier built as a sea defence sometime between the 12th to 14th centuries.
Medieval
634470
164050
Medium
98
MKE78433
Medieval pit, Weatherlees Waste Treatment Works
In 1995 an evaluation was done by Wessex PIT Archaeology at the Weatherlees Waste Treatment Works. A medieval pit was found containing Medieval pottery of L12/E13th century date. Some abraded sherds of Later Iron Age and Roman pottery were recovered as residual.
Medieval
633340
163090
Low
99
MKE8058
St Augustine's Well [NR] (1) St Augustine's Well is WELL a strong natural spring. A small plaque to the E of it reads:- "St. Augustine's Well. This is the traditional spot where St.Augustine camped with his monks on reaching England in the spring of the year 597. A legend arose that water sprang up where St. Augustine planted his staff".
Medieval
634370
163940
Low
100
MKE73940
Medieval
633000
164000
Low
469536 St Augustine's Well
Medieval copper alloy Metal detectorist find brooch
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FINDSPOT
11
101
MKE74068
Medieval copper alloy Metal detectorist find mace
102
MKE78431
Medieval/Post Medieval features, Weatherlees Hill Waste Treatment Works
103
MKE8067
104
MKE64927
Post Medieval copper Metal detectorist find alloy buckle
105
MKE78446
A Scottish two pence Metal detectorist find of Charles I, Weatherlees Hill Waste Treatment Works
106
MKE15162
107
MKE15239
635000
164000
Low
In 1995 an evaluation was done by Wessex DITCH, PIT Archaeology at the Weatherlees Waste Treatment Works. A number of Early/Middle Iron Age features were observed. KHER RECORD DESCRIPTION INCONSISTENT WITH PERIOD ALLOCATION, WHICH MAKES THIS RECORD UNRELIABLE.
??Medieval; Post- 633250 medieval
163050
Unknown
SALT WORKS [Name TR 337607] Salt Works [GT] (site of) Salt works were established on the seaward side of the ruined Stonar by the Crispe family after they bought the estate in 1558. As late as 1851, 52 persons were employed in the salt works. This area is occupied by myceluim filter beds and no evidence of salt-working remains.
Post-medieval
633700
160700
Low
FINDSPOT
Post-medieval
634500
160600
Low
FINDSPOT
Post-medieval
633290
162970
Low
BRIDGE Road and Rail bridge Road bridge over the Stonar Cut near over Stonar Cut Richborough, carrying the A256 with a disused railway bridge adjacent. The road bridge, on the western side, has a modern concrete deck on steel beams with brick parapets. Adjacent on its east side is a railway bridge, now disused, constructed of rivetted iron girders. This now carries a pipeline. Both bridges are set on earlier brick abutments, probably of 19thC date. The abutments are all of one phases though much larger than the area of both bridges. Abutment brickwork partly removed on the north bank upstream of the road bridge and collapsed on the down stream side. Presumably the site of a road bridge pre-dating the abutments. (site visit March 1996)
Post-medieval
633400
161160
Low
Canal cut linking R Stour and bypassing Sandwich constructed c1776
Post-medieval
633400
161160
Low
469555 Post Medieval salt works
Stonar Cut TR 3340 6116 A short canal cut CANAL (c175m) at Stonar, constructed under the Sandwich Drainage Act of 1776, enabling shipping to avoid the River Stour's long meander through Sandwich. A tidal cut without locks.
NEMO – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
FINDSPOT
Medieval
12
108
MKE15880
The earthworks of a salt works were formerly SALT WORKS Site of former Saltworks, Ebbsfleet, located in the area of a World War II minefield. A Ramsgate Saltings is marked on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th edition Ordnance Survey historic maps (c.1891-1940).
Post-medieval
634100
162300
Low
109
MKE35093
Former site of a barn Former site of a listed building. Main construction about 50 metres south periods 1500 to 1599 east of Sevenscore House
TIMBER FRAMED BARN, AISLED BARN, SITE
Post-medieval
633240
164290
Negligible
110
MKE73939
Post Medieval pottery Portable Antiquities Scheme find - Post Medieval pot pottery pot
FINDSPOT
Post-medieval
635000
164000
Low
111
MKE78209
Milestone on Ramsgate Road, Sandwich
Milestone, on pavement against wire fence, on Ramsgate Road Sandwich, S of roundabout to Richborough Power Station(disused).
MILESTONE
Post-medieval
633390
161330
Low
112
MKE8315
Deal station
Deal station opened 1847
RAILWAY STATION
Post-medieval
634300
158300
Low
113
MKE39399
PILLBOX
S of Cliffsend
PILLBOX
Modern
634600
164100
Low
114
MKE39400
PILLBOX
SW of Cliffsend
PILLBOX
Modern
634000
163800
Low
115
MKE8106
469616 Modern trench, Ebbsfleet, Minster parish
Modern
633340
163320
Low
116
MKE39115
PILLBOX (TYPE FW3/24)
PILLBOX
Modern
634000
163200
Low
117
MKE39272
COASTAL BATTERY
COASTAL BATTERY
Modern
634000
164000
Low
118
MKE39392
PILLBOX
PILLBOX
Modern
633700
164400
Low
119
MKE40263
Richborough Power Station
Modern
633295
161973
Low
The cropmarks of a modern zig-zagged slit trench SLIT TRENCH have been identified in fields near Ebbsfleet in the east of Minster parish. This feature was recorded from aerial photographs taken by the Royal Commission on the Historic Monuments of England as part of a project to classify cropmarks across Kent. The precise date of this trenching is undetermined. They may have been practise trenches or associated with World War defence of the area.
Power station set up in the 1930s to utilise coal POWER STATION from the nearby Kent coal field, and connected to the collieries by the East Kent Light Railway. DATE GIVEN HERE BY KHER IS WRONG, THE POWERS STATION COMMENCED OPERATION IN 1962 AND IS NOT RECORDED ON MAP
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EVIDENCE PRIOR TO THAT DATE. 120
MKE41998
Richborough Stores Yard
First World War Stores Yard
MILITARY DEPOT
Modern
633900
160700
Low
121
MKE41999
Richborough Train Ferry Dock
Train Ferry dock built during the first World War
MILITARY TRANSPORT SITE
Modern
633990
162190
Low
122
MKE42000
Richborough Cowan Camp
First World War camp site
MILITARY CAMP
Modern
633300
161500
Low
123
MKE42003
Richborough Robertson Camp
First World War camp site
MILITARY CAMP
Modern
633500
160800
Low
124
MKE42005
Richborough Construction Camp
First World War Construction camp
MILITARY DEPOT
Modern
633100
161600
Low
125
MKE42006
Richborough RAF Salvage Yard
RAF Salvage Yard
MILITARY DEPOT
Modern
633700
162400
Low
126
MKE42007
Richborough Stores Depot
First world War Stores Depot
MILITARY DEPOT
Modern
632800
162200
Low
127
MKE42008
Richborough New Wharf
Wharf built in 1916 for Richborough Port
MILITARY INSTALLATION
Modern
633600
161400
Low
128
MKE42009
Richborough Salvage First World War Salvage Dump. Materials brought MILITARY DEPOT Dump back from the Western Front like used cartridge cases were brought here and sorted out.
Modern
632900
160900
Low
129
1428854
Pillbox [Sector 7]. North of Great Stonar.
Modern
633389
160999
Low
130
1235345 MINER
Sculpture of a miner at Richborough Power Station MONUMENT by Hary Phillips dating from 1962-3. It was formerly at Kingston Power Station and moved to Richborough in 1966. It was due to be moved again by 1997.
Modern
633300
161900
Low
131
1428753
Site of Second World War pillbox [Sector 7]. South PILLBOX of Cliffsend.
Modern
634600
164100
Low
132
1473745 CLIFFSEND HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY
General location of a First World War heavy anti aircraft battery at Cliffsend. It was armed with a single 3-inch gun in 1917.
ANIT AIRCRAFT BATTERY
Modern
634900
164500
Negligible
133
1428754
Second World War reinforced concrete pillbox [Sector 7]. South-West of Cliffsend.
PILLBOX
Modern
634000
163800
Low
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PILLBOX
14
134
1428808
Second World War reinforced concrete pillbox [Sector 7]. North of Great Stonar.
135
1423424 BETHLEHEM BATTERY
136
PILLBOX
Modern
633899
160918
Low
Standard Second World War Coastal Battery which ANIT AIRCRAFT BATTERY mounted 6in breech-loading guns. Cliffs End, West of Ramsgate.
Modern
634744
164441
Low
1366761
A single probable WWII bomb crater which was seen as an earthwork and mapped from aerial photographs as part of the English Heritage: Richborough Environs Project.
BOMB CRATER
Modern
632520
161700
Negligible
137
1428744
Second World War reinforced concrete pillbox [Sector 7]. West of Cliffsend.
PILLBOX
Modern
633700
164400
Low
138
1485781 PEGWELL BAY The site of Pegwell Bay coastal battery, an COASTAL BATTERY EMERGENCY emergency battery built during the Second World COASTAL BATTERY War as part of Eastern Command's coastal defences. The battery was commissioned in July 1940 and mounted two 6-inch guns. It was manned by 413 Battery of 549 Coas
Modern
635100
164300
Low
139
501847 RICHBOROUGH PORT STATION
Site of railway station, built as both a passenger and commercial terminus. In 1925 an extension was built from the East Kent Light Railway at Eastry to Sandwich Road, and this was extended to Richborough in August 1928 for both coal exports and as a pas
RAILWAYS STATION
Modern
633713
161973
Low
140
1416978
Second World War standard Type 24 pillbox, covering the South end of Pegwell Bay.
PILLBOX
Modern
633959
163091
Low
DITCH, PIT, POST HOLE, HEARTH
Undated
634370
164160
Medium
141
MKE15849
Undated archaeological features, Beech Grove, Ramsgate
A number of archaeological features were found during a watching brief. Very few datable finds were recovered. Possibly the remains of late Bronze Age hut circles with a boundary ditch.
142
MKE15873
Undated burials, Weatherlees Hill, Minster Marshes, Minster
A number of graves were reported during the BURIAL cutting back of Weatherlees Hill during World War I. It is thought that the graves went unrecorded. No further information was available.
Undated
632450
163450
Unknown
143
MKE8107
The earthwork of a small mound is located in fields MOUND on Minster Marshes. There is little information on this monument and it is not known what it represents. A number of similar features have been identified in this area.
Undated
632600
163600
Unknown
469617 Sub-circular mound earthwork/cropmark, Minster Marshes
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144
MKE43326
Rectangular crop mark
Google earth images reveal crop marks of a large ENCLOSURE rectangular enclosure north west of Ebbsfleet. It measures 140m across.
Undated
632763
163851
Unknown
NON-DESIGNATED LINEAR HERITAGE ASSETS RSK ID KHER
NMR
Name
Description
Monument Type
Period
Easting
Northing
Importance
LIN1
MKE76083
469526
Abbot's Wall
Earthwork remains of Medieval sea defences along the River Stour.
SEA DEFENCES
Medieval
628495
163305
Medium
LIN2
MKE76084
469523
Boarded Groin
Two sections of sea wall which may originally SEA DEFENCES been continuous. Comprise of a bank which was constructed in 1365 following an inundation of the sea between Cliffsend and Stonar.
Medieval
634088
163551
Medium
LIN3
MKE75996
1043538 Dunstrete
Trackway from Sarre to St Lawrence. May be medieval or earlier.
Medieval; Undated 631329
165811
Medium
LIN4
MKE76082
1341693 River Stour navigation
River navigation Canterbury to Richborough Port, RIVER NAVIGATION 19 miles long. The earliest improvement to navigation was 1514, with a second in 1825.
Post-medieval
628012
163129
Low
LIN5
MKE56547
1357335 Ashford & Margate Railway
Branch Railway between Ashford and Margate built by the South Eastern Railway in 1846,
RAILWAY
Post-medieval
618476
160622
Low
LIN6
MKE56550
1358057 Deal Branch Railway The Deal Branch Line was opened in 1847, RAILWAY running from Minster (on the London - Ramsgate Line) via Sandwich to Deal. In 1881, Deal was linked to Dover via the Deal and Dover Joint Line.
Post-medieval
634913
156512
Low
LIN7
MKE56634
Modern
633295
161973
Low
East Kent Light Railway
TRACKWAY
The East Kent Light Railway was opened in 1912 RAILWAY to support development of the East Kent Coalfield.
HISTORIC MAP OBSERVATIONS RSK ID Name
Description
HM1
Coastguard Station (site of) Observed north of Stonelees between the Sandwich Road and the Boarded Groin on 1st edition OS map dated 1872. Renamed St Augustine's Coastguard Station by 1907, and apparently fallen out of use by 1938. Buildings and cottages demolished by 1978. Site appears to be at least partly situated under the widened Sandwich Road by 1987.
North Shore Coastguard Station
NEMO – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
Monument Type
Period
Easting
Northing
Importance
Post-medieval
633750
162520
Low
16
HM2
Halfway House
Observed on 1st edition OS map dated 1872. Named Ebbsfleet House by 1907.
House
Post-medieval
633640
162430
Low
HM3
Stonelees
House Observed on 1st edition OS map dated 1872. Mapping suggests at least partial survival of building fronting Sandwich Road. By 1958 Stonelees Farm bungalow had been added to the property.
Post-medieval
633680
162560
Low
HM4
The Sportsman public house
Observed on 1st edition OS map dated from 1872. Extant.
Post-medieval
634510
163860
Low
HM5
(no name)
Seawall crossing the site of the later Richborough Sea defences power station site, observed on 1st edition OS map. Current survival & original date uncertain
Undated
Period
Easting
Northing
Importance
Inn
RSK ID Name
NMR/KHER
Description
IZ1
No name
NMR_469465
Findspot of a Roman Samianware cup recovered Findspot during dredging operations in 1902. Considered to be an overboard loss rather than indicative of a wreck.
Roman
635500
163500
Low
IZ2
No name
NMR_469505
Fragment of wall of uncertain nature discovered Wall during pipe trench excavation. Uncertain whether vocational data which place this site in the intertidal zone are correct.
Medieval
635800
164000
Low
NEMO – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
Monument Type
Low
17
GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS STUDY AREA B Designated Heritage Assets Study Area B Scheduled Monuments (10km) RSK ID
NMR
Name
Monument Type/Listing Grade
Easting
Northing
Visual Sensitivity
Distance/ km
V1
1014642
A Saxon Shore fort, Roman port and associated remains at Richborough
SCHEDULED MONUMENT
632200
160149
Medium
V2
1004228
Anglo-Saxon cemetery S of Ozengell Grange
SCHEDULED MONUMENT
635661
165175
Negligible
I
632444
160252
High
1.9
1.6 4
Grade I and II* Listings (10km) V3
1363256
RICHBOROUGH CASTLE
V4
1070220
PARAMOUR GRANGE
II*
628861
161088
Low
4.5
V5
1281733
STOURMOUTH HOUSE
II*
626591
162615
Low
6.7
Grade II Listings (3km) V6
1045842
RICHBOROUGH FARM, RICHBOROUGH FARM COTTAGE
II
631726
160597
Low
2
V7
1051611
GUSTON COURT
II
630636
160954
Low
2.8
V8
1070222
KING'S END FARMHOUSE
II
631840
160512
Low
2
V9
1070248
MULBERRY HOUSE
II
630963
160493
Low
2.7
V10
1363231
STABLES ABOUT 5 METRES SOUTH WEST OF GUSTON COURT
II
630620
160950
Low
2.85
V11
1045868
CASTLE FARM
II
631867
160430
Low
2
NEMO – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
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FIGURES
NEMO – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
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PLATES
NEMO – Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment - Baseline Report 110531.01 Rev02
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Plate 1: Looking north from Richborough Castle’s visitors’ car park (proposal area masked by monument walls)
Plate 2: Looking NNW from outside the Northern wall of the monument towards proposal area (arrow)
Kings Lynn Connection – Archaeological Desk-based Assessment and Field Reconnaissance Survey 110463.00 Rev02
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Plate 3: View from within Richborough Castle monument prior to demolition of cooling towers (from: www.picturesofengland.com)
Plate 4: View from within the monument during field survey following the demolition of cooling towers
Kings Lynn Connection – Archaeological Desk-based Assessment and Field Reconnaissance Survey 110463.00 Rev02
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Plate 5: Former Pfizer complex east of Richborough Castle monument
Plate 6: View looking NE from picnic area towards proposed landfall and cable section ‘B’
Kings Lynn Connection – Archaeological Desk-based Assessment and Field Reconnaissance Survey 110463.00 Rev02
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10.1
Appendix 10.1 Method for the Production of Verified Photomontages 1.
TEP’s method of preparing photomontages accords with the guidelines in Appendix 9 (Guidelines on photomontage and CAD) of the ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (Second Edition) 2002, as well as guidance contained in the Landscape Institute Advice Note 01/11 (Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment). Consideration has also been given to guidance included in ‘Visual Representations of Windfarms: Good Practice Guidance’ prepared for Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) March 2006. LI Advice Note 01/11 strongly advises (LI) members to follow SNH guidance previously referenced, where applicable in preference to any other guidance or methodology.
2.
A photograph from each viewpoint is taken using a 50mm lens on a 21.1megapixel full frame digital Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera. The camera used is a Canon EOS 5d Mark II. A 50mm lens is used as recommended in guidance because this offers an equivalent view to the vision of the human eye and has long been used in comparative and photomontage techniques in environmental assessment.
3.
The camera is sited level on a tripod with a panoramic head. The camera’s position is adjusted so that the nodal point of the lens is on the rotating axis of the panoramic head. The nodal point of the camera lens is accurately surveyed. Grid co-ordinates and height above ordnance datum (AOD) and ground level are recorded. A ‘baseline’ photograph is taken. A second photograph is taken with a minimum of three specific reference points accurately surveyed. Reference points include surveyor’s ranging rods and where possible, existing long distance features in the view which can be surveyed. Reference points are arranged so that one is in the centre of the photograph. The camera remains fixed on the tripod in position for the second photograph so that the only difference is that the reference points are inserted. This is repeated at each viewpoint.
4.
In relation to exposure settings on site, the AV (Aperture-Priority) mode is used. For the greatest depth of view the aperture is set to the minimum available (normally f/16, depending on light conditions). If a greater resolution is required a slightly larger aperture of f8 is used. With the integrated exposure settings that the camera offers, three photographs of each frame of the view are taken, i.e. one normal exposure, one less exposed and one over exposed. In some circumstances where the best quality image of the view cannot be achieved using the AV mode, the manual setting is used. The most appropriate series of photographs are then selected.
5.
A three-dimensional (3D) model of the proposed development, generally including the proposed landform and landscape proposals, is built in computer aided design software (CAD). Material finishes are also assigned to the proposed development. The camera positions and surveyed reference points are also modelled in CAD. The virtual camera is located at equivalent co-ordinates and height, and with the same ‘lens’ and settings as used in the photograph at each viewpoint. The ‘virtual ranging rods’ and ‘virtual features’ (reference points) are set at the same heights and co-ordinates as those used as reference points in the photographs.
6.
‘Photographs’ of the model are taken / rendered with ‘virtual’ cameras in the 3D CAD software (3ds Max Design) in positions equivalent to the location from which the actual photographs were taken at each representative viewpoint. Each 1
photograph view is taken / rendered twice (with and without reference points) using 3ds Max Design. 7.
The photograph of the model is compared to the equivalent photograph of the representative viewpoint, with particular emphasis on ensuring the correct alignment of the surveyor’s rods and long distance features to align the model correctly in the image. Once the alignment is made using Adobe Photoshop software, the model is ‘dropped’ into the photograph. The process of using ranging rods to check the appropriate alignment is shown below in Figure 1. This is an image of proposed new buildings and landform. The model being imported shows the building and changed landform in the distance and the ‘virtual’ ranging rods (black lines) being aligned with the surveyor’s ranging rods used on site (red and white poles) in the foreground. The parts of the model that would be behind land, trees, buildings or other structures has been removed, so that only the visible parts of the model remain in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Aligning model in photograph to reference points (surveyor’s rods)
8.
Once the model is correctly aligned in each reference photograph, the first ‘baseline’ photograph is used instead of the reference photograph with high confidence that the position of the development is accurately shown.
9.
From some viewpoints where there is a wide view, ‘panorama’ baseline photographs are taken by rotating the camera on the tripod (the nodal point of the camera lens is on the rotating axis) to take in a wide expanse of view equivalent to the viewer moving their head when stood still in one place. The amount of overlap between adjacent photographs is approximately 50%. This means that each panoramic is constructed using only the centre 50% of each shot with the 25% left and right hand edges being discarded. Panorama baseline photographs are joined together in Adobe Photoshop, and once joined together are clearly labelled ‘panoramic views’.
10.
Presentation of photomontages includes a baseline photograph displayed above the relevant photomontage/s for each viewpoint where practicable. Viewpoint OS grid coordinates and viewpoint height above ordnance datum (AOD) are noted on the photomontage figure. Additional information on the photomontage figure (or in the
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Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment) includes details of the camera, the lens focal length, the horizontal field of view, the date, time, weather and lighting conditions when photographs were taken, the direction of the view, and the distance of the viewpoint from the site. The correct viewing distance of the photomontage (between 300mm and 500mm between the eye and the photomontage image) is also identified as is the paper size the figure should be printed at. When printing photomontage images, the desired pixels per inch (DPI) is 300. Test prints are produced to ensure the best print quality is achieved within the limitations of the print process. 11.
A photograph is a representation of a view and a photomontage shares that limitation. Many people comment that their souvenir or holiday photographs fail to fully convey the experience had at the time they were taken. Baseline photographs are a representation of a view and the photomontages on which they are prepared, regardless of accuracy, share the limitations of the baseline photograph with regard to conveying the overall impression of the final development.
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10.2
Appendix 10.2 Table 10.10: Effects on Views from Public Rights of Way Sensitivity of Receptor: High/Moderate/Low Magnitude of Effect: High/Moderate/Low (adverse or beneficial) or Negligible
Ref. 1.1a
Receptor Saxon Shore Way at Former Richborough Power Station
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 0 km
Importance of View: High/Moderate/Low Significance of Effect: Major/Moderate/Minor (adverse or beneficial) or Neutral
Magnitude of Effect Moderate adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Moderate adverse during construction
Moderate adverse on completion
Moderate adverse on completion
Moderate to low adverse with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Moderate to Minor adverse with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: The existing view northward from this part of the Saxon Shore Way is across pastoral fields bounded by hedgerows. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation with the roofline of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall appearing above this. Pylons to the southwest of the converter station and substation site are also visible above hedgerows. Views from this part of the Saxon Shore Way also include the industrial units on the east side of the River Stour.
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: During the construction period the upper part of the converter station building would be visible across open fields, appearing above the intervening hedgeline. The majority of construction works would be screened from view.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing view: At the point where the Saxon Shore Way runs closest to the converter station and substation site, the riverbanks are largely devoid of vegetation. The northern edge is defined by a concrete wall and railing, which allows some views across to the derelict site. The derelict frame of the former turbine hall forms a prominent element in existing views along this stretch of the Saxon Shore Way, as does other built form and industry further south and the wind turbine and masts to the west. During construction: Construction work to the converter station building and outdoor equipment, substation GIS building and outdoor equipment, and associated infrastructure would be clearly visible from this location. There would also be views of the temporary laydown area to the immediate west of the substation. There would be no views of the underground cable route from this PROW.
Direction of view: NE
On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 3. On completion there would be near and open views of the converter station building, substation building and associated infrastructure, with other built form and industry visible futher south. Views of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved on completion. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree and shrub planting proposed on the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would partly filter and screen views of the converter station and outdoor equipment from the west and northwest and would filter and screen some views of the substation proposals from this receptor to the south of the development site. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. 1.1b
Saxon Shore Way near Roman Fort Distance from site: approx. 2.0 km Direction of view: NNE
High
Low
On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible on the skyline. Industry to the south of the converter station and substation site form part of these views along with the elevated A256 and Pfizer site beyond. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting proposed on the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. The upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible on the skyline although colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building.
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Ref. 1.1c
Receptor Saxon Shore Way at Boxlees Hill (south of Minster) including footpath connections south of Marsh Farm Road
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 2.5 km
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: The foreground to existing views looking eastward includes moorings on the River Stour and low lying agricultural land. The riverbanks are relatively well vegetated at this point and this obscures views of the horizon in places. The derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears just above the vegetated horizon. Within the view and to the northeast overhead power lines are visible, partly backgrounded by higher ground on the northern side of the Stour Valley.
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: At Plucks Gutter intervening vegetation would result in distant glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building during the construction period. In winter months, filtered and distant views of the building would be possible from this stretch of the Saxon Shore Way. There would be no other views of the proposed development from this location.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing view: At this point on the river, the Saxon Shore Way runs along open ground, with marshland to either side of the Stour. This allows open views eastward across lower lying marshes. In the distance the horizon is vegetated and the derelict frame of the former turbine hall sits above this in the skyline. Overhead lines extending from the former Richborough Power Station form a near component in these views and the wind turbine and masts also sit on the skyline to the left of the former turbine hall. During construction: There would be distant views of construction works to the upper part of the converter station building, which would be visible above intervening riverside vegetation to the east. This view would also be possible from the eastern PROW connection between Marsh Farm Road and the Saxon Shore Way (the western restricted byway would be largely screened by a sewage work. The construction works to the outdoor converter station elements, substation or temporary laydown area would not be visible.
Direction of view: ESE
On completion: On completion, the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above intervening riverside vegetation. The wind turbine and masts would form nearer components in this view. The view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation would mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 1.1d
Saxon Shore Way at Plucks Gutter Distance from site: approx. 6.0 km Direction of view: ESE
High
Low
On completion: On completion the roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation would likely mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view.
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Ref. 1.1e
Receptor Saxon Shore Way at Royal St George’s Golf Club
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 4.0 km
Description of View Existing view: The existing view northward extends across the golf course with the derelict frame of the former turbine hall appearing in the distance above a vegetated horizon. The localised changes in landform within the golf course obscure views from the majority of the footpath. There are nearer views to the northwest of the chimneys and built form at the Pfizer site. During construction: During the construction period it is anticipated that there would be distant and glimpsed views from this part of the Saxon Shore Way of the upper part of the converter station building above intervening vegetation. Views would be obscured in places by intervening landform and/or vegetation.
Direction of view: NNW
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Low adverse during construction
Minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation would likely mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 1.2a
Stour Valley Walk at Sandwich Flats/ Prince’s Golf Links
High
Low
Distance from site: approx. 1.5 – 3.5 km
Existing view: The existing view is across the golf courses and low lying marshes toward a vegetated horizon. The derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears on the skyline in this view. Tree belts within the golf courses offer some localised screening of views. From this part of the Stour Valley Walk there are open views northwards across Pegwell Bay to Ramsgate. During construction: During the construction period there would be views from this part of the Stour Valley Walk of the upper part of the converter station building above intervening vegetation. There would also be views of the subsea cabling works and installation of the Joint Pit and onshore underground cable route from the northern part of the Stour Valley Walk (close to the mouth of the River Stour). Views would be obscured in places by intervening landform and/or vegetation.
Direction of view: NW
On completion: The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation would likely mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 1.2b
Short section of Stour Valley Walk at Cooper Street Distance from site: approx. 2.5 km Direction of view: NE
High
Low
Existing view: The existing view northward from this section of the Stour Valley Walk is of open agricultural fields rising up to a ridge of higher ground (on which Richborough Roman Fort and Amphitheatre sits). The ridge and mature tree belts to the north of Cooper Street Drove limit views further north, but there is a view of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall through a gap above intervening hedgerow vegetation. A high voltage overhead line, which extends southward from the former Richborough Power Station and crosses the Stour Valley Walk at this point, forms a prominent element in views. During construction: There would be distant glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building from this short section of the Stour Valley Walk where views are not obscured by hedgerow vegetation or topography. Intervening vegetation would obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area. At this distance there would be no views of the underground cable route. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation would likely mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view.
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Ref. 1.3a
Receptor Thanet Coastal Path at Pegwell Bay Country Park
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 1.0 – 2.5 km Direction of view: SW
Description of View Existing views: Existing views toward the former Richborough Power Station are largely obscured by trees and scrub within Pegwell Bay Country Park and along the edge of the A256. There are glimpsed views of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall above the tree line from parts of the coastal path. There are open views from the coastal path across salt marsh to Pegwell Bay and urban development along the coast at Cliffs End and Ramsgate. During construction: Scrubby vegetation across the Pegwell Bay Country Park and intervening trees would allow intermittent views of the construction works at the roofline of the converter station from parts of the coastal path. Construction works to install the underground cables through the country park would be visible from parts of the route. The construction of the Transition Joint Pit and laying of subsea cables would also be visible from the coastal path looking northeastward.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 1. Scrubby vegetation across the country park would continue to allow glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station in the future from this stretch of the coastal path. This view would be very similar to the existing although views of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved on completion. There would be some loss of tree and scrub cover, which would represent a minor change to the view. Although grassland will quickly re-establish over the graded landform burying the cable swathe, on completion this would also represent a minor change to the view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting proposed on the north eastern and eastern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) would mature reinforcing the existing vegetation screen in the view. The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible on the skyline although colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building. 1.3b
Thanet Coastal Path between Cliffs End and the edge of Ramsgate Distance from site: approx. 3.0 – 4.0 km Direction of view: SW
High
Low
Existing view: Vegetation along the coastal path obscures views in places southwestward across Pegwell Bay. The coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance and appears well wooded with occasional glimpses of built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits below this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view. During construction: On this elevated clifftop section of the Thanet Coastal Path there would be distant glimpsed views of the upper part of the converter station building on the skyline, although construction works are unlikely to be discernible. There would be no views of the construction of outdoor elements of the converter station or the substation. The laying of subsea cables and installation of the Transition Joint Pit and part of the underground cable route would also be visible where clifftop vegetation does not obscure views. On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 4. On completion the upper part of the converter station would continue to be visible on the skyline in places. This would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry and the view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting proposed along the eastern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) would potentially filter and screen views of the converter station building. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view.
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Ref. 1.4
Receptor PROW at Potts Farm Drove
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 3.0 km
Description of View Existing view: The existing view eastward from this public footpath is across low-lying agricultural land. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears above the vegetated horizon. During construction: Construction works to the roofline of the converter station building would be visible in distant views through gaps and over the top of intervening hedgerow from this PROW. From this viewpoint intervening vegetation would obscure views of the construction of the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area required during construction. There would be no views of the underground cable route from here.
Direction of view: ENE
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building from this PROW. These views would not differ from the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 1.5
PROW at Goldstone Drove (and PROW which runs parallel 0.2km to the west)
High
Low
Distance from site: approx. 3.5 km
Existing view: The existing view eastward from these public footpaths is across low lying agricultural land. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears between gaps in the vegetated horizon. During construction: Construction works to the roofline of the converter station building would be visible in distant views through gaps in intervening hedgerow from this PROW. From this viewpoint intervening vegetation would obscure views of the construction of the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station (including the temporary laydown area required during construction). There would be no views of the underground cable route from here.
Direction of view: E
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building from this PROW. These views would not differ from the existing views. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime tree planting proposed along the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would reinforce the existing vegetated horizon potentially screening gaps through which the converter station is currently (partly) visible. 1.6
PROW at Westmarsh Drove (and PROW which runs broadly parallel to the east) Distance from site: approx. 5.5 km Direction of view: E
High
Low
Existing view: The existing view eastward from these public footpaths is across low lying agricultural land. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears between gaps in the vegetated horizon. During construction: During construction the roofline of the converter station building would be visible in distant views through gaps in intervening hedgerow from this PROW. Construction works are unlikely to be discernible at this distance. From this viewpoint intervening vegetation would obscure views of the construction of the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station (including the temporary laydown area required during construction). There would be no views of the underground cable route from here. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building from this PROW. These views would not differ from the existing views. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime tree planting proposed along the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would reinforce the existing vegetated horizon potentially screening gaps through which the converter station is currently (partly) visible.
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Ref. 1.7a and b
Receptor PROW network east of Minster
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 2.0 km Direction of view: S and SE
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: The existing views from this elevated viewpoint at the northern end of the PROW are across the Stour Valley and extend toward Pegwell Bay. The foreground of these views are formed by agricultural fields extending downslope toward a mature vegetation belt associated with the railway line. Beyond this is a mixture of vegetation belts interspersed with built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, which sits below the horizon. Existing views also include the wind turbine and masts further west and Pfizer development further south.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
During construction: The section of public right of way on higher ground immediately south of the A299 (and north of the railway line) would have distant views of the converter station and substation site within the horizon. Further south, views would be obscured by intervening houses in Cliffs End, vegetation along the railway line and vegetation within St Augustine’s Golf Course. There would be no views of installation works on the underground cable route from this PROW.
Low adverse to negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing view: Existing views to the north of the railway line are limited from lower ground by existing mature vegetation belts along the railway line. Further north and to the south of the railway line there are views looking southeastward across open agricultural fields. In the distance vegetation belts break up views of the horizon and the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible on the skyline, which is also interspersed with other agricultural and industrial buildings, including the development at Pfizer. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements in this view. During construction: 1.7a - The sections of public rights of way on higher ground north of the railway line would have distant views of the upper part of the converter station building on the skyline during the construction phase. On lower ground, the vegetation belt associated with the railway line would prevent views. 1.7b - South of the railway line it is likely that the view of the converter station building will continue to be partly obscured by intervening vegetation, Ebbsfleet Farm and the sewage works. As a result the upper part of the building is also likely to be visible from here during construction. It is anticipated that there would be glimpsed views from some locations of construction works associated with the outdoor elements of the converter station and substation. On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 5. On completion the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible from the PROW network east of Minster. These views would be similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime new tree planting proposed along the northern site boundary (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works to reinforce existing site trees along this boundary) would reinforce the existing vegetation screen breaking up views of the horizon and the existing former turbine hall.
1.7c
PROW west of Cliffs End Distance from site: approx. 3.0 km Direction of view: SSW
High
Low
The elevated nature of the viewpoint means that during the construction period the converter station building would only be screened by vegetation at its base, and the substation building and outdoor elements associated with both the converter station and substation would also be visible above vegetation. Intervening vegetation would filter views of construction work at ground level and there could also be filtered views during the construction period of the temporary laydown area to the immediate west of the substation. On completion: On completion the converter station building, the upper part of the converter station’s outdoor equipment and the upper part of the substation elements (including the GIS building) would continue to be visible. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent in the existing view and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape; however, given the distance of the viewer the converter station and substation site would occupy a small proportion of the wider view, which also includes the Pfizer site and the wind turbine and masts to the west. On completion this view would not be dissimilar to existing views. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building visible in the view. Overtime new tree planting proposed along the northern site boundary (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works to reinforce existing site trees along this boundary) would provide additional screening of part of the proposed substation and converter station site. 2700.018
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Ref. 1.8
Receptor PROW southwest of Minster
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 3.5 km Direction of view: E
Description of View Existing view: The majority of this PROW would have limited views eastward due to the substantial hedgerow that runs along Marsh Farm Road, however the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible in the distance at the point where the PROW meets the river. The derelict frame is visible beyond low lying marshes and above a vegetated horizon. The overhead power lines extending from the former Richborough Power Station form a near component in these views. During construction: During the construction period the upper part of the converter station building would be visible in the distance from the southern end of the PROW where it meets the river. The construction works to the outdoor converter station elements, substation or temporary laydown area would not be visible.
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion, the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above intervening riverside vegetation. The wind turbine and masts would form nearer components in this view. The view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime tree planting proposed along the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would reinforce the existing vegetated horizon above which the converter station is currently (partly) visible. 1.9a
PROW south of Manston/Manston Road Distance from site: approx. 4.0 km Direction of view: SSW
High
Low
Existing view: There are views southward from this PROW over agricultural fields which slope down toward Pegwell Bay and the application site. Intervening topography and vegetation limit views to an extent, but the roofline of the derelict turbine hall is visible. Other components in this view include the airport to the west and urban edge of Ramsgate to the east. During construction and operational phase: During the construction period the roofline of the converter station building would be visible in glimpsed views from this PROW, where not obscured by intervening vegetation. It is expected that construction works to the building itself would be barely discernible at this distance. Other construction works within the converter station and substation site are likely to be obscured by intervening vegetation. On completion: On completion the upper part of the roofline of the converter station building would be visible in glimpsed views from the PROW. This would not represent a discernible change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation would likely mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view.
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Ref. 1.9b
Receptor PROW south of Nethercourt (Chalk Hill) also Sustrams Regional Route
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from site: approx. 4.0 km Direction of view: SW
Description of View Existing view: The existing view is across open agricultural fields on the clifftop. Beyond agricultural fields is a glimpsed view of Pegwell Bay, which is largely obscured by the cliffs. Houses at Cliffs End and the new road construction sit to the right in this view, with the coastline extending southward beyond. The coastline appears well vegetated but the existing view also includes the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and development at the Pfizer site. This existing built form appears within the horizon, which is formed by higher ground on the south side of the Stour Valley. During construction: From the higher ground south of the Nethercourt residential area there would be open and distant views across Pegwell Bay toward the converter station and substation site from the PROW which runs between the A299 and A256. During the construction period the converter station building would be visible but set within a vegetated horizon and construction works to this are likely to be barely discernible. There would be no views of the installation of the underground cables and Transition Joint Pit due to intervening topography, although there would be views of subsea cabling works across the intertidal area. This would have a temporary and minor effect on views at most.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion the converter station building would continue to be visible within a vegetated horizon and would be viewed in the context of surrounding industry and urban influences. The development would result in little change to the existing view in the long-term. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 1.10
Network of PROW around Monkton Marshes/Docker Hill Distance from site: approx. 4.5 – 7.0 km Direction of view: ESE
High
Low
Existing view: The existing view eastward from these public footpaths are across low lying agricultural land. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears between gaps in the vegetated horizon. During construction: During construction the roofline of the converter station building would be visible over the top of intervening hedgerows and other vegetation. The construction works to the outdoor equipment of the converter station, substation or temporary laydown area would not be visible. On completion: On completion, the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above intervening vegetation. The wind turbine, masts and pylons would also form components in this view. The view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime intervening vegetation would likely mature providing additional vegetation screening in the view. Tree planting proposed along the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would also mature overtime reinforce the existing vegetated horizon above which the converter station is currently (partly) visible.
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Ref. 1.11
Receptor PROW between Brookestreet Farm and East Street
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 4km
Description of View Existing view: The existing view from the PROW consists of open agricultural fields rising up to higher ground at Richborough Fort, which appears in the middle distance. Beyond this the roofline of the derelict turbine hall is just visible. The wind turbine and masts also sit on the skyline in this view. There are also views of a high voltage overhead line in the distance crossing the ridge of higher ground. During construction: It is anticipated that there would be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building from the PROW between Brookestreet Farm and East Street where views are not obscured by mature vegetation. Intervening topography and vegetation would obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from here.
Direction of view: NE
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building. This view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 1.12
PROW north of Monkton and Minster Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 5km Direction of view: SE
High
Low
Existing view: There are existing views of the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall from the sections of PROW on the upper valley slope. These elevated viewpoints allow extensive views over open agricultural fields and across the wider Stour Valley. The upper part of the former turbine hall application site sits on on the skyline within a vegetated horizon and above the rooflines of houses in Monkton. The wind turbine and masts to the west of the application site are also present in the existing view. During construction: There would be distant views of the converter station building on the skyline from the Public Rights of Way between Minster/Hoo/Monkton and the A299, on the upper part of the valley slope. Views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area are unlikely at this distance. There would be no views of the underground cable route from here. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the converter station building. This view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view.
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Appendix 10.2 Table 10.11: Effects on Views from Public Open Space and Outdoor Tourist Attractions Sensitivity of Receptor: High/Moderate/Low Magnitude of Effect: High/Moderate/Low (adverse or beneficial) or Negligible
Ref. 2.1
Receptor Pegwell Bay Country Park Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 1km Direction of view: SW
Sensitivity
Importance of View
High
Low
Importance of View: High/Moderate/Low Significance of Effect: Major/Moderate/Minor (adverse or beneficial) or Neutral
Description of View Existing view: Existing views toward the former Richborough Power Station are largely obscured by trees and scrub within Pegwell Bay Country Park and along the edge of the old A256 Sandwich Road. There are glimpsed views of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall above the tree line from parts of the country park. There are also open views from the eastern edge of the country park across salt marsh to Pegwell Bay and urban development along the coast at Cliffs End and Ramsgate. During construction: Scrubby vegetation across the Pegwell Bay Country Park and intervening trees would allow glimpsed views of the construction works at the roofline of the converter station from parts of the country park. Views would be less obscured during winter months. Works to lay the underground cables through the country park would be clearly visible from a number of locations. The installation of the Transition Joint Pit and laying of subsea cables, across the mudflats would also be visible from the eastern edge of the country park looking northeastward. On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 1. Scrubby vegetation across the country park would continue to allow glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station in the future from parts of the country park. Views of the converter station building would be obscured from the footpath and cycleway by intervening vegetation to the edge of the old A256 Sandwich Road. These views would be very similar to the existing, although views of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved on completion. As a result of the installation of underground cables there would be some loss of tree and scrub cover, which would represent a minor change to some views. Although grassland will quickly re-establish over the graded landform burying the cable swathe, on completion this would also represent a minor change to the view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Grassland will quickly re-establish over the graded landform integrating the slightly raised ground along part of the cable route into the surrounding park landscape. Overtime intervening vegetation including tree planting proposed along the eastern and north eastern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will mature reinforcing existing intervening vegetation screening part the converter station building. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view.
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Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. 2.2
Receptor Stonelees Nature Reserve
Sensitivity
Importance of View
High
Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 0.5km Direction of view: SW
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: Existing views toward the former Richborough Power Station site are largely obscured by intervening tree belts along the old A256 Sandwich Road and scrub and tree cover within the nature reserve. There are glimpsed views of the roofline of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall from some locations within the nature reserve and views would be less obscured during winter months. There are more open views across saltmarsh toward Pegwell Bay from the eastern part of the reserve, although views northeastward are partly obscured by vegetation within Pegwell Bay Country Park.
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
During construction: Intervening vegetation would largely obscure construction works at the converter station and substation site apart from some views of works at the roofline of the converter station building. Views would be less obscured during winter months. Installation works to lay the underground cables at the western edge of the nature reserve would be clearly visible from some locations within the nature reserve. The construction of the Transition Joint Pit is unlikely to be visible from here, although the laying of subsea cables in Pegwell Bay is likely to be visible looking northeastward.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View
On completion: Intervening vegetation would continue to allow only views of the roofline of the converter station in the future from the nature reserve. These views would be very similar to the existing, although views of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved on completion. As a result of the underground cables installation there would be some loss of tree and scrub cover, which would represent a minor change to some views. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting proposed along the eastern and north eastern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will reinforce existing intervening vegetation screening part the converter station building. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. 2.3
St Augustine’s Cross Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: SSW
High
Low
Existing view: The site of St Augustine’s Cross is well vegetated to its southern boundary where it adjoins St Augustine’s Golf Course, preventing views toward the former Richborough Power Station site during summer months. Golf course vegetation to the southeast also prevents views toward the A256. During construction: There would be no views of the construction work along the underground cable route or works within the converter station and substation site during summer months. Very filtered views would be possible during the winter months of works along the cable route and to the upper part of the converter station building. On completion: Intervening vegetation would continue to allow only filtered views of the roofline of the converter station in winter months. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building only partly visible in the view. Overtime tree planting proposed along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will mature providing additional screening of the converter station buiding already predominantly heavily filtered in the view by existing intervening vegetation.
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Ref. 2.4
Receptor Richborough Roman Fort
Sensitivity
Importance of View
High
Moderate
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: NNE
Description of View
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: The existing view from Richborough Roman Fort is of agricultural fields bound by hedgerows, which extend down toward the River Stour. A high voltage overhead line runs southwestward from the application site and would occupy the middle distance in these views. There is an existing open view of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, set within the horizon and screened only at its base by vegetation along the river edge. The wind turbine and masts to the west of the application site are prominent vertical features within this view.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
During construction: There would be direct and distant views across the Stour Valley from this high point of the converter station building during the construction period, screened at its base by vegetation and set below the horizon. The ruined castle walls will screen these views from the majority of the site, allowing only a single view from within the ruins through a gap in the walls. Other views would be from the northern and western edges of the site, outside the ruins. The converter station building would obscure views of construction of the associated outdoor infrastructure to the north. Construction works to the substation would be visible above intervening vegetation and there could be distant filtered views of the adjacent temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from here.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 6. On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building, the upper part of the substation building and outdoor substation equipment above intervening vegetation. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape, however given the distance of the viewer and the context within which the converter station and substation site would be viewed, the development would represent a minor change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. Overtime tree and shrub planting proposed on the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would reinforce the existing vegetation screen partly screening the converter station and substation outdoor equipment. 2.5
Richborough Roman Amphitheatre Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 3km Direction of view: NNE
High
Moderate
Existing view: The existing view from the Roman amphitheatre is of agricultural fields which extend down toward the ruins at the Roman fort. Beyond the ruins the high ground on the opposite side of the valley forms the horizon and the derelict frame of the former turbine hall sits below this. The wind turbine and masts sit to the west of the application site within this view. During construction: There would be distant views from this high point of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period, although views would largely be obscured by the ruins of the castle. It is not anticipated that there would be any views of construction works to the substation from here and there would be no views of the underground cable route. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant glimpsed views of the upper part of the converter station building, partly obscured by Richborough Roman Fort in the foreground. This view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures.
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Ref. 2.6
Receptor Pegwell Bay (picnic area and beach)
Sensitivity
Importance of View
High
Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 3km Direction of view: SW
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: Existing views southward from the open space are generally limited by scrub to the periphery. From the beach there are views of a generally well vegetated coastline, with the roofline of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall on the skyline.
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
During construction: Views of construction work within the converter station and substation site from the car park and open space at Pegwell Bay would be largely obscured by vegetation around the periphery of the area, allowing only glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building from a few locations. Filtered views of installation works along the underground cable route and works at the Transition Joint Pit would be possible from here and more open views of the subsea cabling works in Pegwell Bay.
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Moderate adverse during construction
Moderate adverse during construction
Moderate adverse on completion
Moderate adverse on completion
Moderate to low adverse with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Moderate to low adverse with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View
From the beach the construction work to the converter station building at its roofline would be visible above intervening vegetation. There would be open and near views of the installation of the Transition Joint Pit and onshore and subsea cabling. On completion: On completion there would continue to be glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building from parts of the car park and open space at Pegwell Bay. From the beach, views of the roofline of the converter station building would also be visible on the skyline above intervening vegetation. These views would be very similar to existing views. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. 2.7
Sandwich boat trips up River Stour Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 0 - 5km Direction of view: N and E (depending on part of river)
High
Low
Existing view: From Sandwich, existing views up river include the Pfizer development viewed across agricultural fields to the east and further north there are views of industrial units alongside the A256 Ramsgate Road. These views on the east side of the river continue to the former Richborough Power Station site where the derelict frame of the turbine hall is prominent in views. During construction: There would be no views of the converter station building from the river at Sandwich, however there would be near views of construction works to the converter station building and substation from the stretch of the River Stour closest to the converter station and substation site. At this point on the river the riverbanks are largely devoid of vegetation and the northern edge of the river adjacent to the converter station and substation site is defined by a concrete wall and railing. Construction work to the converter station building and outdoor equipment, substation GIS building and outdoor equipment, and associated infrastructure would be clearly visible from this location. There would also be filtered views of the temporary laydown area to the immediate west of the substation. There would be no views of the underground cable route. On completion: On completion there would be near and open views of the converter station building, substation building and associated infrastructure from this section of river. The existing view includes the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and other built form and industrial uses to the immediate south. Existing views of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved on completion. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree and shrub planting proposed on the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would partly filter and screen views of the converter station and outdoor equipment from the west and northwest and would filter and screen some views of the substation proposals from this receptor to the south of the development site. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures.
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Ref. 2.8
Receptor Sandwich boat trips to Pegwell Bay
Sensitivity
Importance of View
High
Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 2 - 3km Direction of view: WSW
Description of View
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: It is anticipated that existing views toward the application site from the river north of Sandwich would be prevented by intervening industrial development. The existing view from Pegwell Bay toward the former Richborough Power Station site is of a well vegetated coastline, interspersed with built form, which includes the derelict frame of the former turbine hall on the skyline. There are also views toward the more open coastline at Cliffs End and cliffs toward Ramsgate. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements on the skyline.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: There would be no views of construction works to the converter station building from the river at Sandwich from the stretch of river east of the A256 due to intervening vegetation and built form. From Pegwell Bay there would be views during the construction period of the converter station’s roofline on the skyline. This would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry. From Pegwell Bay there would be open views of the construction of the Transition Joint Pit and onshore and subsea cabling during the construction period.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be views of the roofline of the converter station building from Pegwell Bay. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime tree planting proposed on the eastern and north eastern boundaries of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) would mature and reinforce existing vegetation screening towards the converter station site. Existing intervening vegetation will also mature overtime. 2.9
West Cliff, Ramsgate Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 4km Direction of view: SW
High
Low
Existing view: From this clifftop open space there are oblique views southwestward across Pegwell Bay. The coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance and appears well wooded with occasional glimpses of built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits below this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view. During construction: During the construction period there would be distant and oblique views from this linear open space across Pegwell Bay of the converter station building set within a vegetated horizon. It is expected that construction works to the building would not be discernible at this distance. It is likely that there would be views of the subsea cabling and the installation of Transition Joint Pit and onshore cabling in Pegwell Bay. This would have a temporary and minor effect on views at most. On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 4. On completion the converter station building would continue to be visible within a vegetated horizon and would be viewed in the context of surrounding industry and urban influences. The development would result in very little change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure.
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Appendix 10.2 Table 10.12: Effects on Views from Roads and Rail Sensitivity of Receptor: High/Moderate/Low Magnitude of Effect: High/Moderate/Low (adverse or beneficial) or Negligible Ref.
Receptor
Sensitivity
Importance of View: High/Moderate/Low Significance of Effect: Major/Moderate/Minor (adverse or beneficial) or Neutral
Importance of View
Description of View
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction (Temporary moderate adverse for footpath and cycleway users)
Low adverse on completion
Neutral on completion (Minor adverse for footpath and cycleway users)
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
ROADS 3.1a
Old A256 Sandwich Road and Ramsgate Road (north of the converter station and substation site, including site entrance) including Sustrans Regional Route Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0 – 3.5 km Direction of view: SSW
Low/ Moderate
Low
Existing view: Travelling south along the old A256 Sandwich Road and Sustrans footpath and cyclewayroute there are views of the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall above intervening vegetation. Travelling in both directions there are open views across salt marsh of Pegwell Bay on the stretch between the Pegwell Bay Service Station and the main part of Pegwell Bay Country Park. South of this mature vegetation along the eastern side of the A256 allows only filtered views at most toward Pegwell Bay Country Park and Stonelees Nature Reserve from the road and footpath and cycleway. South of Stonelees Nature Reserve views from the road and Sustrans route comprise the petrol filling stations, ‘Subway’ food outlet and industrial buildings and units to either side of the A256, including near views of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and Thanet Offshore Windfarm substation building at the former power station site entrance. During construction: Construction work to the upper part of the converter station building would be visible from sections of the road between Cliffs End and Ebbsfleet Lane, with the majority of the building and all of the associated infrastructure and ground level construction works screened by intervening vegetation. During the construction period there would also be a mixture of open and filtered views of the works along the onshore underground cable route along this stretch of road. There would be near and open views of installation works along the cable route from the Sustrans Regional Route where it runs through Pegwell Bay Country Park and adjacent to Stonelees Nature Reserve. There would be open views of the installation of the Transition Joint Pit and laying of subsea cables from the section of road and footpath and cycleway at Cliffs End. South of the junction with Ebbsfleet Lane, road users and users of the adjacent Sustrans footpath and cycleway would have views of installation works along the underground cable route and works within the converter station and substation site. The temporary laydown area, west of the substation site is unlikely to be visible from here. Users of this part of the A256 and footpath and cycleway would also experience temporary views of construction traffic along the road during this period. On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above intervening vegetation on the section of road and footpath and cycleway between Cliffs End and Ebbsfleet Lane, with mainly filtered views from the footpath and cycleway. Along this same stretch, views of the underground cable route on completion would be similar to existing, although some minor tree loss would be visible from some parts of the footpath and cycleway. There would be near and largely open views of the converter station and substation site from the section of road south of Ebbsfleet Lane. Although these views would be quite open, the development would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry and petrol filling stations and the view of the converter station building would be an improvement compared to the existing view of the derelict turbine hall. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation will mature providing additional screening of the converter station and substation site. Tree planting proposed along the eastern and north eastern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works), in addition to trees retained on the sites eastern boundary, as well as trees and shrubs at the site entrance will filter and screen views of the proposed development. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. The view of the converter station building would be an improvement compared to the existing view of the derelict turbine hall.
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Ref. 3.1b
Receptor New A256 bypass (East Kent Access Road Phase 2)
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0.25 – 3.5 km
Description of View Existing views: This section of new road has extensive views from its elevated position at the junction with the A299 to the north (the new road connection through Cliffs End was not open at the time of assessment.). These views include the edge of Cliffs End and vegetated railway line to the east and the low ground at the mouth of the Stour to the south. Views to the south include the derelict frame of the former turbine hall set below the horizon alongside other glimpsed views of industry. To the west the view extends across farmland on the valley slope. During construction: There would be views during the construction period of the upper half of the converter station building and the top of outdoor elements within the converter station and elements within the substation for road users travelling southward along the new A256 bypass. Views of construction works at ground level within the converter station and substation site and the temporary laydown area to the west of the substation site would be largely obscured by intervening vegetation. There would be glimpsed views of the installation works to part of the underground cable route at the southern end of this section of road.
Direction of view: S
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Neutral during construction (Temporary minor adverse for footpath and cycleway users)
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Users of the new bypass are also likely to experience temporary views of construction traffic along the road during this period. On completion: See photomontage viewpoint 2. On completion there would continue to be a view of the converter station building and the top of outdoor elements associated with the converter station, part of the substation building, and elements within the substation site. The development would be viewed in the context of the water treatment works, solar farms, anaerobic digester (currently under construction), wind turbine, masts and other nearby industry. This view would be very similar to existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building in near views would be improved. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting along the new road embankments will mature filtering and screening some views towards the converter station and substation to the south. Existing intervening vegetation (including along the stream north of the site) and tree planting proposed along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will provide additional filtering and screening of the converter station and outdoor elements associated with the converter station and substation. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will also assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. 3.1c
A256 Ramsgate Road (south of the application site) including Sustrans Regional Route Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0 – 3.5 km Direction of view: NNE
Low/ Moderate
Low
Existing view: On the A256 south of the application site there are views of industry to either side of the road. On approach to the application site there are views of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall above intervening industrial units and buildings. South of the Pfizer site there are also some fleeting views across agricultural land toward the former power station site from an elevated section of the A256. Here the upper part of the former turbine hall is visible in the distance above intervening vegetation. During construction: The views of road users (including users of the Sustrans Regional Route) travelling northward would be partly obscured by intervening industry located between Ramsgate Road and the River Stour, although construction work to the converter station building would be visible above this and between gaps. There would be no views of the underground cable route construction from this part of the A256 and views of the outdoor elements of the converter station and the substation would be obscured by the converter station building. Users of this part of the A256 are also likely to experience temporary views of construction traffic along the road. On completion: On completion the converter station building would continue to be visible above and between gaps in intervening industry. The converter station building would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry. The view of the converter station building would be an improvement compared to the existing view of the derelict turbine hall. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will also assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures
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Ref. 3.2
Receptor Ebbsfleet Lane (north and south of the new A256 bypass)
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0.5 – 1.5 km
Description of View Existing view: There are some glimpsed views of the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall from the section of Ebbsfleet Lane which is to the south of the new A256 bypass, where intervening houses, vegetation and road embankments do not obscure views altogether. From the section of Ebbsfleet Lane to the north of the new A256 bypass there are more distant views of the upper part of the former turbine hall above intervening vegetation. During construction: During construction road users travelling southward along the southern section of Ebbsfleet Lane would have some near glimpsed views of the upper part of the converter station building and the very top of outdoor elements within the converter station and elements within the substation. There would be no views of ground level construction works within the converter station and substation site or the temporary laydown area required during the construction period. There would be some filtered views of installation works on the underground cable route from the southern end of Ebbsfleet Lane at the junction with the old A256 Sandwich Road.
Direction of view: S
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction Negligible on completion
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: Tall hedgerow to the eastern side of lane would largely obscure views to the east, allowing only open glimpsed views in gaps or heavily filtered views along a larger proportion of the route during winter months. Views to the east extend across open agricultural fields to a vegetated horizon on which the derelict frame of the former turbine hall sits on the skyline. Overhead lines extending from the former Richborough Power Station also form a component in these views as do the wind turbine and masts to the west of the converter station and substation site.
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
During construction and operational phase: Where not obscured, there would be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period, which would be visible above intervening vegetation. The construction works to the outdoor converter station elements, substation or temporary laydown area would not be visible. There would be no view of the underground cable route from here.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: see photomontage viewpoint 7. On completion there would continue to be glimpsed views of the upper part of the converter station building and the very top of outdoor elements associated with the converter station and elements within the substation. On completion this view would be very similar to existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting along the new bypass road embankments will mature filtering and screening some views towards the converter station and substation to the south. Existing intervening vegetation (including along the stream north of the site) and tree planting proposed along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will provide additional filtering and screening of the converter station and outdoor elements associated with the converter station and substation. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will also assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. 3.3
Marsh Farm Road (Rural lane south of Minster) Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.5 km Direction of view: SE
Moderate
Low
On completion: On completion, the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above vegetation. The wind turbine and masts would form nearer components in this view. The view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. Overtime intervening vegetation will mature providing additional screening towards the converter station, and tree and shrub planting proposed on the western boundary of the converter station and substation site will provide a degree of screening of the converter station from the northwest.
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Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. 3.4
Receptor Richborough Road between Roman Amphitheatre and Roman Fort
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.5 km
Description of View Existing view: The existing view from the Richborough Road travelling northwards is of a large agricultural field which extends toward the ruins at the Roman fort. Beyond the ruins the high ground on the opposite side of the valley forms the horizon and the derelict frame of the former turbine hall sits below this. The wind turbine and masts sit to the west of the application site in this view During construction: Road users travelling northward on this higher ground would have glimpsed views of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance during the construction period. The building would be set below the horizon and would be partly screened by intervening vegetation. From this viewpoint there would be no view of construction works to the outdoor converter station elements or substation and no view of the temporary laydown area or underground cable route.
Direction of view: NE
On completion: On completion, the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above vegetation. Glimpsed views of the building by road users would be seen in the context of the wind turbine and masts and the Pfizer development to the east. The development would result in little discernible change to the existing view.
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction Negligible on completion
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Low to negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. Overtime intervening vegetation will mature providing additional screening towards the converter station. 3.5
Grinsell Hill and other Rural Lanes northeast of Minster and Cottington Road and Thorne Hill (Sustrans Regional Route) Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.5 – 3.5 km Direction of view: S/SE
Moderate
Low
Existing view: Existing views southward are limited in many locations by intervening hedgerow and tree belts. Where there are views from lanes on lower ground these generally extend across agricultural fields toward a vegetated horizon where the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible on the skyline. From locations on the elevated valleyside views are more extensive and include glimpses of other nearby industry within a well vegetated landscape. The former turbine hall sits within this and below the horizon which is formed by the valleysides to the south. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements within this view. During construction: There would be some distant views toward the converter station and substation site set below the horizon from parts of Thorne Hill and other rural lanes northeast of Minster which are set on higher ground. Views would be restricted in places by hedgerows and houses which flank parts of the minor road network. The elevated nature of some of these viewpoints would mean that construction works to the converter station building would only be screened by vegetation at its base, and construction activity associated with the substation building and outdoor equipment would also be visible above vegetation. It is unlikely that the temporary laydown area required during the construction period would be visible. Views from these lanes on lower ground and from Grinsell Hill and Cottington Road would remain restricted in places by hedgerows which flank parts of these roads. From this lower ground there would be views of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period. There would be no views of construction works to the substation or outdoor elements associated with the converter station and no views of the underground cable route from here. On completion: On completion the converter station building, roofline of the substation GIS building and upper parts of outdoor equipment would continue to be visible above vegetation screening from some sections of lane on the upper valley slope. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape, however given the distance of the viewer the converter station and substation site would occupy a very minor proportion of the wider view, which also includes the wind turbine, masts and electricity pylons to the west. Overall, these views would not be dissimilar to existing and given the higher sensitivity of users of these minor roads, the significance of effect would be minor adverse. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation (including along the stream north of the site) and tree planting proposed along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will mature filtering and screening part of the converter station and the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station and substation. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will also assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures.
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Ref. 3.6
Receptor Pegwell Road, Ramsgate
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.0 km Direction of view: SW
Description of View Existing view: The existing view southwestward across Pegwell Bay is largely obscured by the concrete upstand to the retaining wall along the southern edge of the road. The coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance above this and appears well wooded with intermittent glimpses of built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. Views also extend as far as the Pfizer development, whose chimneys are clearly visible. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits below this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view. During construction: This elevated section of Pegwell Road would have distant glimpsed views of the converter station building on the skyline, although construction works are unlikely to be discernible. There would be no views of the construction of outdoor elements of the converter station or the substation. The laying of subsea cables, installation of the Transition Joint Pit and part of the underground cable route would also be visible as a glimpsed and fleeting view.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Low adverse during construction
Neutral during construction
On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station would continue to be visible on the skyline. This would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry. This view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting proposed on the northern, north eastern and eastern boundaries of the converter station and substation site (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will (continue to) mature reinforcing the well wooded appearance of the coastline in this view and screening the converter station further. 3.7
A299 Canterbury Road West between Mount Pleasant and Ramsgate Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5 km Direction of view: SE and S
Low
Low
Existing view: Views from the majority of this section of the A299 are obscured by roadside embankments. To the east and west of Cliffs End views from the road are unobscured. From these elevated locations views across agricultural fields are extensive and include glimpses of other nearby industry within a well vegetated landscape. The former turbine hall sits within this and below the horizon which is formed by the valleysides to the south. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements within this view. During construction: There would be distant views during the construction period of the converter station and substation site below the horizon from two sections of the road east and west of Cliffs End. There would be no views of installation works to the underground cable route from here. The elevated nature of the viewpoint means that during the construction period the converter station building would only be screened by vegetation at its base, and the substation building and outdoor elements associated with both the converter station and substation would also be visible above vegetation. Intervening vegetation would filter views of construction work at ground level and there could also be filtered but distant views during the construction period of the temporary laydown area to the immediate west of the substation. On completion: On completion the converter station building, the upper part of the converter station’s outdoor equipment and the upper part of the substation elements (including the GIS building) would continue to be visible. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent in the existing view and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape, however given the distance of the viewer the converter station and substation site would occupy a small proportion of the wider view, which also includes the Pfizer site and the wind turbine and masts to the west. On completion this view would not be dissimilar to existing and given the low sensitivity of road users, the overall significance of effect is neutral. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will also assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. Overtime intervening vegetation, including trees proposed along the northern boundary of the site (as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will (continue to) mature providing a degree of filtering and screening of the proposed development.
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Low adverse on completion Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. 3.8
Receptor A256 Haine Road (on western side of Ramsgate, north of intersection with A299)
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5 – 4.5 km
Description of View Existing view: Travelling south on this section of the A256 there are glimpsed views looking southward from higher ground of the upper part of the converter station building, where not obscured by built form, vegetation or by intervening landform. Other components in this view include glimpses of the airport to the west and urban edge of Ramsgate to the east. During construction: During the construction period there would be glimpsed distant views of the roofline of the converter station building set amongst vegetation.
Direction of view: SW
On completion: On completion there would continue to be glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building. This view would also include other urban and industrial elements. The view would be very similar to existing.
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction Negligible on completion
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will also assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation, including trees proposed along the northern and north eastern boundaries of the site (as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will (continue to) mature providing a degree of filtering and screening of the proposed converter station building. 3.9
Other minor roads south of River Stour Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.0 – 5.0 km Direction of view: NE
Low
Low
Existing view: There are occasional and fleeting glimpses of the upper part of the derelict former turbine hall from minor roads to the south of the River Stour. These tend to occur in pockets of more open arable land, which allow views across fields to a vegetated horizon, above which the roofline of the turbine hall is sometimes visible. In the main the sunken nature of the majority of the lanes, combined with the orchards, high hedgerows and shelterbelts prevent views. During construction: There would be occasional glimpses of the roofline of the converter station building from a few locations within the network of lanes south of the River Stour (i.e on the lane between Cooper Street and Fleet Farm). In these views the building would form part of a vegetated horizon and construction works are unlikely to be discernible at these distances. There would be no view of the substation, outdoor elements associated with the converter station or underground cable route from these locations. On completion: On completion there would continue to be glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building. The view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation, including trees proposed along the western site boundary will provide a degree of additional screening towards the proposed converter station building.
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Negligible on completion Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. 3.10
Receptor Manston Road (either side of A256)
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 4.5 km
Description of View Existing view: There are views southward from these sections of Manston Road on higher ground looking southward across agricultural fields. The topography means that the intervening valleyside is hidden from view and beyond the immediate fields in the distance is the upper part of the derelict turbine hall set below the far horizon, which is formed by the southern valleyside. These distant views also extend to the development at Pfizer. During construction: Travelling east and westward along Manston Road there are open views from this higher ground looking southward. During the construction period there would be glimpsed views of the roofline of the converter station building set amongst vegetation. Construction work to the converter station building is unlikely to be discernible at this distance. There would be no views of construction work to the substation or outdoor elements of the converter station from this location and there would be no views of the underground cable route.
Direction of view: SSW
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction Negligible on completion
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: Travelling eastward there would be open views southeastward on sections of this road where not obscured by intervening road embankments, although views from the adjacent footpath and cycleway are continuous and open. This elevated viewpoint allows extensive views over open agricultural fields and across the wider Stour Valley. The upper part of the former turbine hall application site sits on on the skyline within a vegetated horizon and above the rooflines of houses in Monkton. The wind turbine and masts to the west of the application site are also present in the existing view.
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
During construction: During the construction period there would be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building, part obscured by vegetation at its base. Construction works would not be discernible at this distance.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be views of the roofline of the converter station building on the horizon. This view would also include other urban and industrial elements, including the Pfizer site and wind turbine and masts. The view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation, including trees proposed along the northern and north eastern boundaries of the converter station and substation site will provide a degree of additional screening towards the proposed converter station building. 3.11
A299 Canterbury Road West (between Monkton roundabout and Mount Pleasant) including the footpath and cycleway which runs parallel and to the south Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 5.0 km Direction of view: SE
Low/ Moderate
Low
On completion: On completion there would continue to be views of the upper part of the converter station building. This would be viewed in the context of other neighbouring industrial uses (including the wind turbines and masts). These distant views would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure.
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Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. 3.12
Receptor A253 Island Road (Gore Street to Monkton roundabout)
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 5.5 km
Description of View Existing view: Road users travelling eastward would have views across the low lying ground within the Stour Valley. These existing views consist of open agricultural fields in the foreground gently sloping down towards the lower ground in the valley bottom. This lower lying ground contains belts of poplars and other vegetation, which obscure parts of the horizon. The distant horizon also appears well vegetated and on the skyline is the derelict frame of the converter station building which forms a very minor component in the view. Also in the distance on the skyline are a number of vertical elements, such as the wind turbine and electricity pylons. During construction: There would be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building during the construction phase across the Stour Valley for road users travelling eastward along sections of this road. Views would be obscured at Gore Street and the western edge of Monkton due to intervening built form and vegetation.
Direction of view: SE
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction Negligible on completion
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
On completion: The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely continue to mature providing additional screening in the view towards the proposed converter station building. 3.13
Minor road between Plucks Gutter and Gore Street.
Low
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 6.0 km
Existing view: Views along this road are obscured in places by intervening hedgerow. The elevated road bridge at Plucks Gutter would allow a fleeting glimpse of a more open view eastward. The foreground to existing views consists of low lying agricultural land. The derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears in the distance just above the vegetated horizon. Within the view and to the northeast overhead lines are visible, partly backgrounded by higher ground on the northern side of the Stour Valley. During construction: During the construction period there would be distant glimpsed views of the roofline of the upper part of the converter station building across the Stour Valley for road users travelling between Plucks Gutter and Gore Street. At this distance construction works would not be discernible.
Direction of view: E
On completion: The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing.
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely continue to mature providing additional screening in the vegetated horizon towards the proposed converter station building. 3.14
A28 Canterbury Road at St Nicholas at Wade Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 8.0 km Direction of view: ESE
Low
Low
Existing view: The existing view from this elevated section of road is across an open agricultural field. In the middle distance a high voltage overhead line runs across the view. Set below this is a wooded horizon and in the distance on the skyline is the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The former turbine hall forms a very minor component in the view. During construction: There would be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building for road users travelling in either direction on the A28 at the southeastern edge of St Nicholas at Wade. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from muted green at the base of the building to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely continue to mature providing additional screening in the wooded horizon towards the proposed converter station building.
RAILWAY LINES 2700.021
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Negligible on completion Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. 3.15
Receptor Railway line from Ramsgate to Minster
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.0 - 3.0 km Direction of view: SW
Description of View Existing view: The majority of the railway line between Ramsgate and Minster sits within a well vegetated cutting. The section of line west of the Sevenscore Crossing sits at-grade but is still well vegetated. As a result existing views toward the former Richborough power station site would be glimpsed and fleeting views. Views would be less filtered during winter months. It is anticipated that these views are across open agricultural land of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall on the horizon. Also on the horizon are other industrial and agricultural buildings as well as mature tree belts. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements in this view. During construction: For train users looking southward it would be possible to see the roofline of the converter station building in distant, glimpsed, fleeting views during the construction period, although construction works are unlikely to be discernible.
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Low adverse during construction
Neutral during construction
On completion: On completion there would continue to be fleeting, glimpsed and distant views of the roofline of the converter station building. These views would not be discernibly different to existing views. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. 3.16
Railway line from Minster to Sandwich
Low
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0.5km
Existing view: This section of railway line passes close to the former power station site. The line is well vegetated and it is anticipated that views would generally be glimpsed and filtered. Views would be less filtered during winter months. Views to the east would extend across open agricultural land as far as the river, beyond which the skyline would be formed by industrial units and buildings appearing above intervening hedgerow and riverside vegetation. These views include the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. During construction: There would be fleeting and filtered views of the construction works within the converter station and substation site. Train users would have no views of the underground cable route.
Direction of view: E
On completion: On completion there would continue to be glimpsed, fleeting and filtered views of the substation and converter station. However, these fleeting views would not be dissimilar to existing views of industry on the eastern side of the river.
Low adverse on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree and shrub planting proposed on the western boundary of the converter station and substation site would partly filter and screen views of the converter station building and outdoor equipment looking east and will filter and screen some views of the substation and outdoor equipment looking northwards.. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. 3.17
Railway line west of Minster (along Stour Valley) Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.0 – 5.0 km Direction of view: SE
Low
Low
Existing view: It is anticipated that any views toward the former power station site from this section of railway line would be fleeting and glimpsed as it is flanked by vegetation along most of its length, although views would be less obscured in winter months. However, it is possible that there would be filtered, distant and oblique views of the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall on the skyline above a vegetated horizon. During construction: For train users looking to the southeast it would be possible to see the roofline of the converter station building in views during the construction period. On completion: On completion there would continue to be fleeting, glimpsed and distant views of the roofline of the converter station building. Views would not be discernibly different to existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure.
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Negligible on completion Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Appendix 10.2 Table 10.13: Effects on Views from Private Residences Sensitivity of Receptor: High/Moderate/Low Magnitude of Effect: High/Moderate/Low (adverse or beneficial) or Negligible Ref. A1
Receptor Houses on Ebbsfleet Lane near the junction with old A256 Sandwich Road Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0.5km Direction of view: SW
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Importance of View: High/Moderate/Low Significance of Effect: Major/Moderate/Minor (adverse or beneficial) or Neutral Description of View
Existing view: From second storey windows existing views toward the site are filtered by intervening woodland and garden vegetation. Beyond this the embankments to the new A256 bypass (East Kent Access Phase 2) sit in the foreground and beyond this is the derelict frame of the former turbine hall screened at its base by intervening vegetation. During construction: Views from groundfloor windows of the construction of the converter station and substation site would be obscured by intervening vegetation and the embankment of the new A256 bypass and there would be no views of the converter station and substation site from bungalows on the east side of Ebbsfleet Lane. Near views from second storey windows of residential properties would be heavily filtered by intervening vegetation, particularly the belt of mature broadleaved trees which sits between the new A256 bypass and Ebbsfleet Lane. Views would be primarily of the upper half of the converter station building partly screened by scrub and trees. Views of outdoor elements within the converter station and elements within the substation would be largely screened by intervening vegetation, but the tops of components are likely to be visible. Views during the construction period of the temporary laydown area to the west of the substation would be filtered at most. The laying of the underground cables on the eastern side of the old A256 Sandwich Road would be visible from the houses on the southern side of Ebbsfleet Lane and from the bungalow on the old A256 Sandwich Road to the north of Ebbsfleet Lane. These near views would be filtered by some intervening vegetation. There would also be temporary and near views from these properties of construction traffic using the A256. On completion: Following completion, the majority of second storey views of the converter station and substation site would continue to be heavily filtered. Views would not be dissimilar to existing views of the site and surrounding industry and existing views of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. Following installation of the underground cables, there would be little discernible change to the view toward the eastern side of the old A256 Sandwich Road. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation, including woodland and garden vegetation, tree planting to the new road embankments in the foreground, vegetation screening the base of the converter station building (enhanced with new planting along the northern and north eastern site boundaries proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will mature providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure.
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Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. A2a
Receptor Ebbsfleet Farm
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 1km Direction of view: S
Description of View Existing view: The existing view from a single second storey south facing window at Ebbsfleet Farm comprises the new A256 bypass, wastewater treatment works, solar farm and anaerobic digester plant near the roundabout between the A256 and new bypass. Beyond this the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible, screened at its base by intervening vegetation. Ground floor views are obscured by embankments associated with the new A256 bypass. During construction: There would be views during the construction period of the upper half of the converter station building and the very top of outdoor elements within the converter station and elements within the substation from the second storey south facing window of the dwelling at Ebbsfleet Farm.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Low to negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Low to negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Views of installation works on part of the underground cable route from second storey south facing windows would be partly obscured by the solar farm and anaerobic digestor (currently being constructed) and intervening vegetation. On completion: On completion there would continue to be a view of the upper half of the converter station building and the very top of outdoor elements associated with the converter station and elements within the substation. This view would not be dissimilar to existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. There would be no discernible change to view once the cables are installed. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting to the new road embankments, and vegetation screening the base of the converter station building (enhanced with new planting along the northern site boundary proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will mature providing additional filtering and screening of the proposed outdoor elements and the converter station. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. A2b
No. 1 Ebbsfleet Farm Cottages on Ebbsfleet Lane Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 1km Direction of view: S
Moderate
Low
Existing view: The new A256 bypass sits in the foreground of views toward the converter station and substation site from this residence’s upper storey windows. Beyond this the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible, screened at its base by intervening vegetation. Ground floor views are prevented by embankments to the new A256 bypass. During construction: There would be direct views of construction works to the upper part of the converter station building and the very top of outdoor elements within the converter station and elements within the substation from a single second storey gable end window of No. 1 Ebbsfleet Farm Cottages. Oblique views from rear facing windows toward the substation site would also be possible. There would be no views of ground level construction works within the converter station and substation site, or the temporary laydown area required during the construction period. There would also not be any views of the underground cable route from this house. On completion: On completion there would continue to be a view of the upper part of the converter station building and the very top of outdoor elements associated with the converter station and elements within the substation. On completion this view would not be dissimilar to existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting to the new road embankments, and vegetation screening the base of the converter station building (enhanced with new planting proposed along the northern site boundary proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will mature providing additional filtering and screening of the proposed outdoor elements and the converter station. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure.
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Ref. A3
Receptor House between industrial units on Ramsgate Road
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 1km
Description of View Existing view: This house sits between industrial units on Ramsgate Road and has existing views of the A256 Ramsgate Road to the east and industry to the north. There is no view of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall from the house, but there are existing filtered views toward the site from the rear garden riverside edge. As well as views from the rear of this property of existing industry, there are also views westward of the River Stour and agricultural fields beyond. During construction: From the house itself there would be no views of construction work within the converter station and substation site, due to the direction of view and the proximity of warehouse buildings. There would be oblique views during winter months, filtered by intervening riverside vegetation of construction work to the upper part of the converter station building from the riverside. The converter station building would obscure views of associated infrastructure to the north, although there are likely to be filtered glimpsed views of the construction works within the substation and of the temporary laydown area to the west of this during the construction period. There would be no views of the installation of the underground cables from this house.
Direction of view: N
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion, oblique filtered views of the upper part of the converter station building and substation elements, including the GIS building, would be possible. This view would not be dissimilar to existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved in completion. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree and shrub planting proposed to the western site boundary would mature, partly filtering and screening the substation GIS building and outdoor substation elements. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. A4a
Houses at Sevenscore Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: S
High
Low
Existing view: Existing views southward from Sevenscore are of agricultural fields, extending to Ebbsfleet Farm and the water treatment works. Some mature vegetation limits further views, but the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible on the skyline. The masts and wind turbine form prominent vertical elements in the view. During construction: There would be distant and direct views during construction of the converter station building and associated outdoor elements from the gable end windows of the single residential property. These views would be filtered from ground floor windows. Mature woodland would prevent views of the construction of the substation site. Oblique views of the converter station building would be possible from some other properties further north, although the majority of views would be screened by intervening built form and vegetation. There would be no views of installation works along the underground cable route from these houses. On completion: On completion there would continue to be views of the converter station building. At this distance and elevation the view southward would not be different to the existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved on completion With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation and new tree planting proposed along the northern site boundary will (continue to) mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building.
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Ref. A4b
Receptor Houses at/near Thorne Farm
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.5km
Description of View Existing view: From this viewpoint on the valleyside views extend across lower ground within the Stour Valley with land on the southern valleyside forming the horizon. Views also extend toward Pegwell Bay and a generally well vegetated coastline. Vegetation is interspersed by glimpsed views of built form including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements in these views. During construction: There would be distant views of the construction of the converter station building set within the horizon from second storey gable end windows of No. 1 Red Cottages on Thorne Hill and from second storey windows of the southernmost house at Thorne Farm. Views from groundfloor windows would be largely obscured by intervening vegetation. This elevated location would allow views during construction of the uppermost parts of the outdoor elements of the converter station and elements of the substation. Views during the construction period of the temporary laydown area to the immediate west of the substation site are likely to be obscured by vegetation. There would be no views of the installation works along the underground cable route from these houses.
Direction of view: S
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be views of the upper part of the converter station building and uppermost parts of the outdoor elements of the converter station and elements of the substation, partly obscured by intervening vegetation. This view would not be dissimilar to existing, although at this distance and elevation the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation and new tree planting proposed along the northern site boundary will (continue to) mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the outdoor elements of the converter station and substation, and the upper part of the converter station building. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. A5
Houses on Whitehouse Drove Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: NE
High
Low
Existing view: The existing view northeastward from these properties is across low lying agricultural land. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation and vegetation along the railway line. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears just above this vegetated horizon. During construction: There are two houses situated on the eastern side of Whitehouse Drove that are likely to have distant views during construction of the upper part of the converter station building on the horizon. Intervening vegetation would obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station and the temporary laydown area required during the construction period. There would also be no views from these houses of installation works on the underground cable route. On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible. These views would be very similar to existing views the properties experience. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation including vegetation along the railway line, and new tree planting proposed along the western site boundary will (continue to) mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building.
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Ref. A6a
Receptor Cliffs End (south of railway line)
Sensitivity Moderate/ High
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2km
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: The existing views from this elevated viewpoint are across the Stour Valley and extend toward Pegwell Bay. Depending on exact location the foreground of these views is formed by either built form or agricultural fields. Mature vegetation associated with the railway line to the south forms a key component in the middle distance. Beyond the railway line are a mixture of vegetation belts interspersed with built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, which sits below the horizon. Existing views also include the wind turbine and masts further west and Pfizer development further south.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
During construction: During the construction period there would be direct and distant views of the converter station and substation site below the horizon from south facing windows of some residential properties on the northern edge of Cliffs End (on both the northern and southern side of A299 Canterbury Road West). These properties are set on higher ground overlooking the valley and the views from some of the groundfloor views would be obscured by intervening houses in Cliffs End and garden vegetation. There would be no views of works on the underground cable route from these houses. The elevated nature of the viewpoint means that during the construction period the converter station building would only be screened by vegetation at its base, and the Substation building and outdoor elements associated with both the converter station and substation would also be visible above vegetation. Intervening vegetation would filter views of construction work at ground level including the temporary laydown area to the immediate west of the substation.
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing view: Existing views from properties off Cottington Road and Foads Lane looking southwestward are of an agricultural field and golf course or both. Hedgerow vegetation and trees within the golf course limit the extent of views, however the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible on the vegetated horizon. The existing views southeastward from house on the old A256 – Sandwich Road consist of the old A256 in the foreground with saltmarsh and Pegwell Bay beyond. Oblique views include Pegwell Bay Service Station.
Direction of view: SW
During construction: Some residential properties in the southwestern corner of Cliffs End off Cottington Road and Foads Lane would have distant views of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period from side and front facing upper storey windows above a well vegetated horizon. Intervening vegetation would prevent any views of the construction of the substation or outdoor converter station elements and would also prevent any views of the temporary laydown area. These residential properties would have filtered views from upper storey windows toward installation works along the cable route adjacent to the old A256 Sandwich Road. Due to the orientation of houses and vegetation screening, residential properties on the old A256 Sandwich Road would not have views of the converter station and substation site. During the construction period these houses would have some oblique views of the installation of the Transition Joint Pit and underground cable route, as well as some direct views of subsea cabling works on the mudflats. On completion: Following completion of works the view southwestward from houses at Cliffs End would not be different to the existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. Following construction and reinstatement there would be no change in views toward the underground cable route. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation and new tree planting proposed along the northern and north eastern site boundary (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park new road works) will (continue to) mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building. A6b
Cliffs End (north of railway line) Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3km Direction of view: SW
Moderate/ High
Low
On completion: On completion the converter station building, the upper part of the converter station’s outdoor equipment and the upper part of the substation elements (including the GIS building) would continue to be visible. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent in the existing view and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape, however given the distance of the viewer the converter station and substation site would occupy a small proportion of the wider view, which also include the wind turbine and masts to the west. On completion this view would not be dissimilar to existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. Overtime intervening vegetation and tree planting proposed to the northern and north eastern site boundaries (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building, upper part of the converter station’s outdoor equipment and the upper part of the substation elements, including the GIS building. 2700.017
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Ref. A7
Receptor Castle Road, Richborough
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: NE
Description of View Existing view: The existing view from these properties is of agricultural fields bound by hedgerows which extend down toward the River Stour. A high voltage overhead line runs southwestward from the application site and would occupy the middle distance in these views. There is an existing open view from second storey windows of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, set below the horizon and screened only at its base by vegetation along the river edge. The wind turbine and masts to the west of the application site are prominent vertical features within this view. During construction The row of two storey houses at Castle Road sit on higher ground and would have direct and distant views toward the converter station and substation site set within the horizon from second storey windows over the top of rear garden hedges. During the construction period these views across the valley would include construction works to the converter station building, partly screened at its base by intervening vegetation. The converter station building would obscure views of construction works to associated outdoor infrastructure to the north. Construction works to the substation would be visible above intervening vegetation and there could be distant filtered views of the adjacent temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Low to negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building, the roofline of the substation building and the very top of outdoor substation equipment above intervening vegetation. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape; however given the distance of the viewer and the context within which the converter station and substation site would be viewed (with overhead lines, the wind turbine and masts to the west), on completion the development would represent a minor change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation and tree planting proposed to the western site boundary will mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the substation building and outdoor substation elements and partial screening of the converter station building. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. A8
Houses on Rubery Drove Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: ENE
Moderate/ High
Low
Existing view: The existing view eastward from these properties is across low lying agricultural land. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation and vegetation along the railway line. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears just above this vegetated horizon. During construction: During construction houses on Rubery Drove would have distant, filtered and oblique views of the upper part of the converter station building on the horizon. This view would not be different to the existing view. Intervening vegetation would obscure views of construction works at ground level including the substation. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant, filtered and oblique views of the upper part of the converter station building on the horizon. These views would be very similar to the existing views from these properties. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. Overtime intervening vegetation and tree planting proposed to the western site boundary will mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A9
Receptor House west of Richborough Farm
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2km Direction of view: ENE
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: Existing views from residential properties near Guston Farm, Potts Farm and Lower Goldstone are largely comprised of intervening orchards with tall hedgerow and shelter belts or agricultural fields with hedgerows extending to the horizon. The upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible in some glimpsed views above and between gaps in the vegetated horizon and forms a minor component in the view.
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: Nos.1 and 2 Arc Cottages, 1-3 Waverley Cottages and 1 and 2 Swiss Cottages in Lower Goldstone would have second storey views from gable end and rear windows of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period. These would be oblique and distant views, which would be partly obscured or filtered by intervening vegetation including orchards and shelter belts.
Negligble with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing view: This farmhouse sits to the west of the main farm buildings and is set on slightly higher ground. The existing view eastward from this property is across low lying agricultural land, partly filtered by vegetation to the property’s curtilage. The horizon is formed by hedgerow vegetation and vegetation along the railway line. The upper part of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall appears just above this vegetated horizon. (A further dwelling to the east sits within the main complex of farmbuildings and has no views of the converter station and substation site). During construction: From lower and upper storey windows there would be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period. Intervening vegetation would obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building. This view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation including vegetation along the railway line, and new tree planting proposed along the western site boundary will (continue to) mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building.
A10
Houses near Guston Farm, Potts Farm and Lower Goldstone Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.5 – 3.5 km Direction of view: ENE
Moderate
Low
From Guston Farm, and other properties on the northern side of the lane, oblique filtered and distant views would be possible of the upper part of the converter station building from upper storey windows. At Potts Farm there are gable end second storey windows and a single lower storey gable end window with views to the northeast and the converter station building would be visible over the top of intervening hedgerows. From all of these viewpoints intervening vegetation would obscure views of the construction of the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station, including the temporary laydown area required during construction. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building from these residential properties. These views would not differ from the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing additional filtering and screening of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A11
Receptor Minster and surrounds
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3km Direction of view: SE
Description of View Existing view: From elevated viewpoints on the northeastern edge of Minster views extend across lower ground within the Stour Valley with land on the southern valleyside forming the horizon. Views also extend toward Pegwell Bay and a generally well vegetated coastline. Vegetation is interspersed by glimpsed views of built form including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements in these views. During construction: There would be some distant views toward the converter station and substation site, set below the horizon, from the upper storeys of a number of two storey houses set on higher ground on the northeastern edge of the village. Views from groundfloor windows would generally be restricted by intervening vegetation to garden curtilages and hedgerows along the lanes. Some views from properties would be entirely obscured by vegetation or other nearby properties. The elevated nature of some of these viewpoints would mean that construction works to the converter station building would only be screened by vegetation at its base, and construction activity associated with the Substation building and outdoor equipment would also be visible above vegetation. Views of the temporary laydown area required during the construction period would be heavily filtered at most.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Low adverse to negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor to neutral adverse with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Views from houses on the western side of the village and on lower ground would generally be restricted by built form and vegetation screening. A new housing development, known as ‘Heronsbrook’, on the western side of Minster is more open to views to the south east and second storey views of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period would be possible from here. There would be no views of installation works on the underground cable route from any of the visual receptors identified in and around Minster. On completion: On completion the converter station building, roofline of the substation GIS building and upper parts of outdoor equipment would continue to be visible in distant views from some houses on the upper valley slope. This would represent a minor change to the existing view. At this distance the derelict nature of the turbine hall building is not apparent and once clad the building is likely to be more visible within the landscape, however given the distance of the viewer the converter station and substation site would still only occupy a very minor proportion of the wider view, which also includes the wind turbine, masts and electricity pylons to the west. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing additional screening of the substation GIS building, upper parts of outdoor equipment and the converter station building in the distance. A12
House at Little Cliffsend Farm and Coastguard Cottages Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3km Direction of view: SW
Moderate/ High
Low
Existing view: The existing view southwestward extends across the beach at Pegwell Bay. The coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance and appears well wooded with occasional glimpses of built form, including the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits below this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view. During construction: During the construction period there would be oblique views of the converter station building on the skyline from second storey windows of a residential property adjacent to Cliffs End Farm and also from the westernmost property at Coastguard Cottages (a row of single storey dwellings on the cliffs). Vegetation screening would obscure the lower part of the converter station building and prevent any views of the construction of associated outdoor elements, substation site or temporary laydown area. There would be views of the subsea cabling works and installation of the Transition Joint Pit and onshore underground cables. Views from other houses on this part of the cliff of the converter station and substation site would be obscured by a combination of vegetation and intervening built form, although there could be filtered and glimpsed views of cable installation works in the bay from other dwellings at Coastguard Cottages. On completion: Following completion of underground and subsea cabling works there would be no change to the middle distance views from these houses. In the distance the upper part of the converter station building would be continue to be a component in the view across the bay, however this view would be very similar to the existing view of the former turbine hall. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A13
Receptor Nethercourt, Ramsgate
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5km Direction of view: SW
Description of View Existing View: The existing view is across open agricultural fields on the clifftop. Beyond agricultural fields is a glimpsed view of Pegwell Bay, which is largely obscured by the cliffs. Houses at Cliffs End and the new road construction sit to the right in this view, with the coastline extending southward beyond. The coastline appears well vegetated but the existing view also includes the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and development at the Pfizer site. This existing built form appears below the horizon, which is formed by higher ground on the south side of the Stour Valley. During construction: From the higher ground at the southwestern edge of the Nethercourt residential area there would be open and distant views toward the converter station and substation site from the lower and upper storeys of the houses that front the A299 looking out over Pegwell Bay. During the construction period the converter station building would be visible but set below a vegetated horizon and construction works to this building are likely to be barely discernible. There would be no views of the installation of the underground cables and Transition Joint Pit due to intervening topography, although it is anticipated that there would be views of subsea cabling works. This would have a temporary and minor effect on views at most.
Magnitude of Effect Temporary low adverse during construction
Significance of Effect Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion the converter station building would continue to be visible below a vegetated horizon and would be viewed in the context of surrounding industry and urban influences. The development would result in very little change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance. A14
Pegwell, Ramsgate Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5km Direction of view: SW
Moderate
Low
Existing view: The existing view southwestward extends across the beach at Pegwell Bay. The coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance and appears well wooded with occasional glimpses of built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits below this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view. During construction: During the construction period, from the upper storeys of a few residential properties in the southwestern part of Ramsgate (known as Pegwell) there would be distant and largely oblique views across Pegwell Bay of the converter station building set within a vegetated horizon. These properties include a row of 3 storey terraces and a single 3 storey house on Chilton Lane and also the 4 and5 storey residential apartments at Thanet Towers and Court Stairs Manor on Pegwell Road. It is expected that construction works to the building would be barely discernible at this distance. It is likely that there would be some views of construction work as part of the subsea cabling and installation of the Transition Joint Pit and onshore cabling in Pegwell Bay, although these views would be limited in part by topography and this would have a temporary and minor effect on views at most. On completion: On completion the converter station building would continue to be visible below a vegetated horizon and would be viewed in the context of surrounding industry and urban influences. The development would result in very little change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A15
Receptor Houses at Hoo
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 4 km
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: Stanner Court is a high-rise residential tower block located on high ground on the western edge of Ramsgate and the upper storeys will have extensive panoramic views over Pegwell Bay and the Stour Valley. A new housing development to the west of Stanner Court includes some 4 storey properties which will also have extensive views from their upper storey windows. The view looking southwestward from these dwellings would be of a mosaic of vegetation belts, roads, houses and industry around the edge of Pegwell Bay. The derelict frame of the former turbine hall would sit below the horizon and would not be a prominent component in the view.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: During the construction period the converter station building would be visible as a minor component within these views. It is expected that construction works to the building would be barely discernible at this distance. Other construction works within the converter station and substation site are likely to be obscured by intervening vegetation.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing view: Houses at Hoo are set on lower ground and views toward the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall are generally restricted by hedgerows and tree belts on the edge of Monkton Marshes. It is anticipated that from second storey windows of some properties there would be glimpsed views of the upper part of the turbine hall over the top of hedgerows and trees. During construction: There are likely to be glimpsed views from second storey windows of houses on the southern side of the lane between Minster and Monkton of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period. There would be no views of construction works to associated outdoor infrastructure, construction works to the substation or views of the underground cable route from here.
Direction of view: SE
On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above vegetation screening. This would not represent a discernible change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance. A16
Stanner Court residential tower block and new housing development on Manston Road, Ramsgate Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 4.5 km Direction of view: SW
High
Low
It is likely that there would be some views of construction work as part of the subsea cabling and installation of the Transition Joint Pit and onshore cabling in Pegwell Bay although these views could be limited from some locations by topography. Given the distance from the site and the context of surrounding urban land uses, this construction activity would represent a very minor and temporary change to the view. On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building would be visible from the upper storey residences. This would not represent a discernible change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A17
Receptor East Stourmouth and surrounds
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 6.5 km
Description of View Existing view: Existing views from residential properties on the eastern side of the village are largely comprised of orchards and tall hedgerows and shelterbelts of trees extending to the horizon. The upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible in some glimpsed views between tall vegetation and forms a very minor component in the view. During construction: Residential properties on the eastern side of the village would have glimpsed views of the converter station building during the construction period from some upper storey windows, albeit partly screened by vegetation and at some distance. Some more open views could be had from properties at the northern edge of the village, namely Fern Cottage, Waterlock Cottage, Waterlock Farm and Waterlock studios, however at this distance construction work would not be discernible. Intervening vegetation would obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses. Overall there would be no change to the existing view.
Direction of view: E
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building. This view would be no different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance. A18
Sandwich Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 4km Direction of view: N
Moderate
Low
Existing view: There is a single building comprising a four storey residential conversion on the northern edge of Sandwich that is anticipated to have a distant view of the existing derelict frame of the former turbine hall from its upper storey north facing windows. This existing view would be of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall on the skyline, largely obscured by the existing works and offices at the Pfizer site (which would occupy the majority of this view). The remainder of Sandwich would not have views of the development because of Great Stonar which impedes views to the north. During construction: There would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building during the construction period. Construction works at ground level would not be visible from this location. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building. This view would be no different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A19
Receptor Sarre
Sensitivity High
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 7km Direction of view: ESE
Description of View Existing View: On the eastern edge of Sarre there are two properties (both single storey, one has dormer windows) that have more open views out across the Stour Valley. These existing views consist of open agricultural fields in the foreground gently sloping down towards the lower ground in the valley bottom. This lower lying ground contains belts of poplars and other vegetation, which obscure parts of the horizon. The distant horizon also appears well vegetated and on the skyline is the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall which forms a very minor component in the view. Also in the distance on the skyline are a number of vertical elements, such as the wind turbine and electricity pylons. During construction: The roofline of the converter station building would be visible amongst the vegetated horizon during the construction period, however this view would not differ from the existing. The remainder of the village of Sarre sits within a dense belt of vegetation and would have no views.
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building from some properties in Upstreet. This view would be no different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, reinforcing existing vegetation screening of the converter station building in the distance. A20
Upstreet Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 10km Direction of view: E
Moderate
Low
Existing View: There are some properties on the eastern edge of Upstreet that have more open views out across the Stour Valley. These views consist of open agricultural fields in the foreground gently sloping down towards the lower ground in the valley bottom. This lower lying ground is largely obscured by hedgerow vegetation and woodland tree belts and contains a large number of high voltage overhead line pylons which extend into the distance. The distant horizon also appears well vegetated and on the skyline is the derelict frame of the converter station building which forms a very minor component in the view. During construction: The roofline of the converter station building would be visible amongst the vegetated horizon during the construction period, however this very distant view would not differ from the existing. The remainder of Upstreet sits within a dense belt of vegetation and would have no views On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building. This view would be no different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, reinforcing existing vegetation screening of the converter station building in the distance.
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Ref. A21
Receptor East Street
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 4km Direction of view: NE
Description of View Existing view: The existing view from East Street consists of agricultural fields rising up to higher ground at Richborough Fort, which appears in the middle distance. Beyond this the roofline of the derelict turbine hall is just visible set below the horizon formed by higher ground further north. The wind turbine and masts to the west of the converter station and substation site also form a component in this view. There are nearer views of a high voltage overhead powerline which extends south from the application site and crosses this view. During construction: It is anticipated that there would be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building from the second storeys of a small group of residential houses on the northeastern edge of East Street, where views are not obscured by mature vegetation. Intervening topography and vegetation would obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses.
Magnitude of Effect Negligible during construction
Significance of Effect Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building. This view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, reinforcing existing vegetation screening of the converter station building in the distance. A22
St Nicholas at Wade Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 8km Direction of view: SE
High
Low
Existing view: The existing view is across an open agricultural field. In the middle distance a high voltage overhead line runs across the view. Set below this is a wooded horizon and in the distance on the skyline is the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. The former turbine hall forms a very minor component within this view. During construction: There would be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building from the some bungalows and houses on the southeastern edge of St Nicholas at Wade on the A28. Intervening topography and vegetation would largely obscure views of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station as well as the temporary laydown area. There would be no views of the underground cable route from these houses. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the upper part of the converter station building. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, providing partial screening of the upper part of the converter station building in the distance.
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Appendix 10.2 Table 10.14: Effects on Views from Golf Courses and Sports Facilities Sensitivity of Receptor: High/Moderate/Low Magnitude of Effect: High/Moderate/Low (adverse or beneficial) or Negligible
Ref. B1
Receptor Stonelees Golf Centre
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View: High/Moderate/Low Significance of Effect: Major/Moderate/Minor (adverse or beneficial) or Neutral
Importance of View Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 1km Direction of view: SW
Description of View
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: The existing view toward the former power station site is of the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, which appears above mature tree belts to the south. Views within the golf course are filtered in places by planting. Planting along the eastern boundary of the golf course also filters and limits views of the A256, although gaps in this vegetation does allow open views in places. Views beyond the A256 into Pegwell Bay Country Park are generally prevented by further mature tree belts. There are open views across the road just to the south of Pegwell Bay Service Station.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: During the construction period there would be intermittent views from the golf course of the upper part of the converter station building, filtered in places by golf course vegetation. Intervening vegetation would prevent any views of the construction of the substation or outdoor converter station elements and would also prevent any views of the temporary laydown area. Golf course users at the eastern edge of Stonelees Golf Centre would have a mixture of open and filtered views eastward across the old A256 Sandwich Road of installation works to lay the onshore underground cables, the Transition Joint Pit and subsea cables. Views from the eastern edge of the golf course would also be affected by construction traffic using the A256.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion the top of the converter station building would continue to be visible above a vegetated horizon and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. Following construction and reinstatement there would be no change in views toward the underground cable route. Overall views from the golf course would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime tree planting proposed along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will reinforce existing intervening vegetation screening part the converter station building. B2
St Augustine’s Golf Club Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 1.5km Direction of view: SW
Moderate
Low
Existing view: The existing view toward the former power station site is of the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, which appears above mature tree belts to the south. Views within the golf course are filtered in places by planting. Planting to the east also filters views of the A256. During construction: During the construction period there would be views of the upper part and roofline of the converter station building, where not obscured altogether by intervening vegetation to the golf course. This intervening vegetation would prevent any views of the construction of the substation or outdoor converter station elements and would also prevent any views of the temporary laydown area. Golf course users at its eastern edge would have filtered views eastward toward the old A256 Sandwich Road and installation works to lay the onshore underground cables. Views from the eastern edge of the golf course would also be affected by construction traffic using the A256. On completion: On completion the top of the converter station building would continue to be visible above a vegetated horizon and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. Following construction and reinstatement there would be no change in views towards the Transition Joint Pit and underground cable route. Overall views from the golf course would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely to continue to mature providing additional screening of the proposed converter station building.
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Ref. B3
Receptor Manston Golf Centre near Ramsgate
Sensitivity Moderate
Importance of View Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 4.5km Direction of view: SSW
Description of View
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: There are views southward from the southern edge of this golf course, partly filtered by vegetation along its southern boundary. Views to the south extend over agricultural fields. The topography means that the intervening valleyside is hidden from view and beyond the immediate fields in the distance is the upper part of the derelict turbine hall set below the far horizon, which is formed by the southern valleyside.
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: During the construction period, from this elevated position at the southern edge of the golf course, the upper part of the converter station building would be visible. Vegetation associated with the edge of the golf course would limit views in places. Construction work to the building is unlikely to be discernible at this distance. There would be no views of construction work to the substation or outdoor elements of the converter station from this location and there would be no views of the underground cable route.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be views of the roofline of the converter station building on the horizon. This view would also include other urban and industrial elements, including the Pfizer site and wind turbine and masts. The view would be very similar to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely to continue to mature providing additional screening of the proposed converter station building. B4
Prince’s Golf Links near Sandwich
Moderate
Low
Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 2km
Existing view: The existing view northward extends across the golf course with the derelict frame of the former turbine hall appearing on the skyline on a horizon comprised of a mixture of vegetation with industrial development on the eastern side of the A256. The localised changes in landform and tree belts within the golf course obscure views from some locations. During construction: During the construction period there would be views from parts of the Prince’s Golf Links of the upper part of the converter station building above intervening vegetation. It is anticipated that views of onshore and subsea cabling works would be obscured by intervening vegetation.
Direction of view: NW
On completion: The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely to continue to mature providing additional screening of the proposed converter station building. B5
Royal St George’s Golf Club near Sandwich Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5km Direction of view: NW
Moderate
Low
Existing view: The existing view northward extends across the golf course with the derelict frame of the former turbine hall appearing on the skyline above a largely vegetated horizon. The localised changes in landform and tree belts within the golf course obscures views from some locations. The chimneys and built form at the Pfizer site form a nearer component in views to the north. During construction: During the construction period it is anticipated that there would be distant and glimpsed views from this part of the Stour Valley Walk of the upper part of the converter station building above intervening vegetation. Views would be obscured in places by intervening landform and/or vegetation. On completion: The roofline of the converter station building would continue to be visible. This view would not be discernibly different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building partly visible in the view. Overtime intervening vegetation will likely to continue to mature providing additional screening of the proposed converter station building.
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Ref. B6
Receptor BayPoint Sports Complex Distance from converter station and substation site: approx. 0km Direction of view: SW
Sensitivity Low
Importance of View Low
Description of View
Significance of Effect
Existing view: From the western edge of the sports ground there are relatively open views of the busy A256 roundabout. Beyond this are oblique views of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall, screened at its base by scrubby vegetation. The petrol filling stations to either side of the A256 also form part of this view and the Thanet Offshore Windfarm substation building beyond. Views of the application site from the sports and social club buildings would be obscured by intervening vegetation and built form.
Moderate adverse during construction
Minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Neutral on completion
During construction: During the construction period there would be filtered, oblique and near views of construction works within the converter station and substation site from the western side of the sports ground. There would also be near and open views of the installation works on the underground cable route at the western edge of the sports ground and also near views of construction traffic using the A256. Views of the temporary laydown area to the west of the substation site are likely to be obscured from this location by nearer views of construction work to the converter station and substation.
Low adverse with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
On completion: On completion there would continue to be filtered, oblique and near views of the converter station building and associated outdoor elements from the western side of the sports ground. The converter station and outdoor equipment would filter views of the substation building and outdoor components beyond. The converter station development would be viewed in the context of the A256 and other nearby urban influences. On completion the appearance of the converter station building would be an improvement to the existing view of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. Following completion of the underground cabling works there would be no difference to views of the western edge of the sports ground. Given the degree of change to the existing views and low sensitivity of visual receptor, the significance of effect would be neutral on completion. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building in the view. Overtime tree planting proposed along the eastern and north eastern boundaries of the converter station and substation site (as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will mature, along with site trees retained to the northeast boundary, to provide filtering and screening of the converter station building and outdoor equipment.
2700.020
Magnitude of Effect
Page 3
Appendix 10.2 Table 10.15: Effects on Views from Businesses Sensitivity of Receptor: High/Moderate/Low Magnitude of Effect: High/Moderate/Low (adverse or beneficial) or Negligible
Ref. C1
Receptor Businesses and Industrial units near the site entrance and to the south of the converter station and substation site on the A256 Ramsgate Road
Sensitivity
Importance of View
Low
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 0 – 2.0 km Direction of view: S/SW/N
Importance of View: High/Moderate/Low Significance of Effect: Major/Moderate/Minor (adverse or beneficial) or Neutral
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: Existing views from these businesses and industrial units looking towards the former Richborough Power Station site are largely comprised of other industry and built form and the A256. These views include the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall.
Temporary moderate adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
During construction: The orientation and location of the majority of industrial units to the south of the converter station and substation site would mean that views would mainly be of the upper part of the converter station and substation site, apart from locations to the immediate south, east and northeast where there would be closer and more open views. Construction work to the converter station building and associated infrastructure would be visible from these locations, including the petrol filling stations and ‘Subway’ food outlet to the northeast of the main application site. During the construction period there would also be a mixture of oblique open and filtered views of the works along the onshore underground cable route from the petrol filling stations and ‘Subway’ food outlet. The temporary laydown area, west of the substation site is unlikely to be visible. Workers at and visitors to these businesses near and south of the site entrance would also be likely to experience temporary views of construction traffic along the A256 during this period.
Low adverse on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Description of View
On completion: On completion the converter station building and associated outdoor equipment (filtered by intervening vegetation in places) would be visible from businesses to the immediate north and east. From the majority of these locations views of the substation would be filtered by the converter station elements and security fencing and views of the underground cable route, on completion, would not be discernibly different to existing. Businesses to the south would only have views of the converter station building. Although these views would be quite quite near and unobstructed, the development would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry and businesses. In addition, workers and visitors are judged to be of low sensitivity and the view of the converter station building would be an improvement, on completion, compared to the existing view of the derelict turbine hall. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime tree planting proposed on the northern, north eastern and eastern boundary of the converter station and substation site (part of the Richborough Energy Park’s internal road works) will mature providing additional filtering and partially screening in views. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these buildings. C2
Pfizer site (Great Stonar) Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.0 km Direction of view: N
Low
Low
Existing view: It is anticipated that the existing view looking northward from the Pfizer development would consist of industry located along the A256, which would partly obscure views of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall further north. To the northeast views would extend across low lying grazing land and golf courses toward Pegwell Bay and the sea, and to the west toward Richborough Fort and surrounding agricultural land. During construction: During construction, the upper storey north facing windows of office buildings at the Pfizer site would have views of the upper part of the converter station building over the top of intervening industrial units. The converter station building would be likely to obscure views of the remainder of the converter station and substation site. There would be no views of the underground cable route from this location. On completion: On completion, there would continue to be views of the upper part of the converter station building. This view would not be dissimilar to existing and the appearance of the derelict frame of the turbine hall building would be improved. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this building.
2700.023
Page 1
Negligible on completion Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Ref. C3a
Receptor The Sportsman Inn Public House, old A256 Sandwich Road
Sensitivity
Importance of View
Moderate
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.0 km
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Low adverse during construction
Minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: Due to the orientation of the petrol station there would not be views of the former power station site to the southwest. There are open views eastward from the petrol station of Pegwell Bay across intervening salt marsh.
Low adverse during construction
Neutral during construction
During construction: During the construction period there would be views of the installation of the Transition Joint Pit and part of the underground cable route, as well the subsea cabling works.
Negligible on completion and after approximately 15 years
Neutral on completion and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View Existing View: Existing views southwestward from The Sportsman Inn on the old A256 Sandwich Road consist of the A256 in the foreground with saltmarsh and Pegwell Bay beyond. Oblique views include Pegwell Bay Service Station. Due to the orientation of the pub and vegetation screening there are no views of the former power station site. During construction: During the construction period there would be oblique views of the construction of the Transition Joint Pit (TJP) and underground cable route, as well as some direct views of subsea cabling works.
Direction of view: SW
On completion: Following construction and reinstatement of the underground cable route and TJP there would be no change in views. C3b
Pegwell Bay Service Station, Sandwich Road (A256)
Low
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 2.0 km Direction of view: SW
C4
Pegwell Bay Hotel, Pegwell Road Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5 km Direction of view: SW
On completion: Following construction and reinstatement of the underground cable route there would be no change in views. High
Low
Existing view: From the front windows of the four storey clifftop hotel there are views extending southward across Pegwell Bay. The existing view southwestward is limited at groundfloor level by a concrete upstand to a retaining wall on the southern side of Pegwell Road. From upper storey windows the coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance and appears well wooded with occasional glimpses of built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and development at the Pfizer site. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits within this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view. During Construction: There would be direct views from the hotel across Pegwell Bay of the converter station building set within a vegetated horizon. It is expected that construction works to the building would not be visible at this distance. It is not anticipated that there would be views of the construction of outdoor elements of the converter station or the substation. The laying of subsea cables, construction of the tranisiotn joint pit and part of the underground cable route would be visible in the middle distance. On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station would continue to be visible on the skyline. This would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry (the chimneys at the Pfizer site and wind turbine would also be visible). This view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting proposed on the northern, north eastern and eastern boundaries of the converter station and substation site (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will (continue to) mature reinforcing the well wooded appearance of the coastline in this view and screening the distant converter station further.
2700.023
Page 2
Ref. C5
Receptor The Sir Stanley Gray and Belle Vue Public Houses, Pegwell Road
Sensitivity
Importance of View
Moderate
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5 km Direction of view: SW
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: From the outdoor seating areas of these two pubs there are views extending southward across Pegwell Bay. The coastline on the opposite side of the bay is visible in the distance and appears well wooded with occasional glimpses of built form, including the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and development at the Pfizer site. The horizon is formed by higher ground on the southern side of the Stour Valley and built form generally sits within this, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
During Construction: During construction there would be direct views across Pegwell Bay of the converter station building set within a vegetated horizon. Construction works to the building would not be visible at this distance. There would be no views of the construction of outdoor elements of the converter station or the substation. The laying of subsea cables across mudflats, construction of the transition jopint pit and part of the underground cable route would also be visible in the middle distance.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Temporary low adverse during construction
Temporary minor adverse during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View
On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station would be visible within a vegetated horizon. This would be viewed in the context of other nearby industry. This view would be very similar to the existing. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting proposed on the northern, north eastern and eastern boundaries of the converter station and substation site (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) will (continue to) mature reinforcing the well wooded appearance of the coastline in this view and screening the distant converter station further. C6
Lord of the Manor Public House off A299 Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5 km Direction of view: SW
Moderate
Low
Existing View: From this pub (which is currently vacant) the existing view southward is across open agricultural fields on the clifftop. Beyond agricultural fields is a glimpsed view of Pegwell Bay, which is largely obscured by the cliffs. Houses at Cliffs End and the new road construction sit to the right in this view, with the coastline extending southward beyond. The coastline appears well vegetated but the existing view also includes the derelict frame of the former turbine hall and development at the Pfizer site. This existing built form appears below the horizon, which is formed by higher ground on the south side of the Stour Valley. During Construction: From this higher ground there would be open and distant views toward the converter station and substation site. During the construction period the converter station building would be visible but set within a vegetated horizon and construction works to this are likely to be barely discernible. There would be no views of the installation of the underground cables and construction of the Transition Joint Pit due to intervening topography, although there could be views of subsea cabling works. This would have a temporary and minor effect on views at most. On completion: On completion the converter station building would continue to be visible within a vegetated horizon and would be viewed in the context of surrounding industry and urban influences. The development would result in very little discernible change to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature reinforcing the vegetated horizon and screening the distant converter station further.
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Ref. C7
Receptor Industrial Park, Laundry Road, Minster
Sensitivity
Importance of View
Low
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3.5 km Direction of view: SE
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Existing view: From this location on the elevated valleyside there are extensive views across the Stour Valley. Views extend over open agricultural fields in the foreground with a mixture of mature vegetation, interspersed with agricultural and industrial buildings to the southeast, including the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. These elements sit below the horizon, which is formed by the valleysides to the south, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Neutral during construction
During construction: During the construction period there would be some distant views toward the converter station and substation site, set below the horizon, from some industrial and business units on Laundry Road. During the construction period these groundfloor and second storey views would be primarily of the upper half of the converter station building partly screened by intervening scrub and trees. Views of the outdoor elements within the converter station site and elements within the substation site would be largely screened by intervening vegetation, but the tops of components are likely to be visible. It is unlikely that the temporary laydown area required during the construction period would be visible. There would be no views of the underground cable route.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Existing view: From some upper storey windows facing south and east there are views out across the Stour Valley. Views extend beyond other development on the edge of Minster and across open agricultural fields. In the distance is a mixture of mature vegetation, interspersed with agricultural and industrial buildings to the southeast, including the upper part of the derelict frame of the former turbine hall. These elements sit below the horizon, which is formed by the valleysides to the south, apart from the wind turbine and masts which form prominent vertical elements in the view.
Temporary low adverse during construction
Minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
During construction: During the construction period there would be distant and oblique views of toward the converter station and substation site set below the horizon from some upper storey south and east facing windows of the Holiday Inn and Premier Inn. Views would primarily be of the upper half of the converter station building partly screened by intervening scrub and trees. Views of the outdoor elements within the converter station and elements within the substation would be largely screened by intervning vegetation, but the tops of components are likely to be visible. It is unlikely that the temporary laydown area required during the construction period would be visible. There would be no views of installation works to the underground cable route.
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Description of View
Low adverse on completion
Neutral on completion
On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building would continue to be visible above vegetation screening, but these would be distant views and would not be dissimilar to the existing view. Given the sensitivity of the receptors at this location the significance of visual effect on completion would be neutral. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature including tree planting along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works) reinforcing existing vegetation screening and overtime providing additional screening of the distant converter station building. C8
Holiday Inn and Premier Inn, Minster Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 4km Direction of view: SE
Moderate
Low
On completion: On completion the converter station building, roofline of the substation GIS building and upper parts of outdoor equipment would continue to be visible above vegetation screening, but these would be distant views which would be very similar to existing and represent a minor change at most. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works), will (continue to) mature reinforcing existing vegetation screening and providing additional screening of the distant converter station and substation and associated outdoor equipment. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures.
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Ref. C9
Receptor Wayside Caravan Park, Minster
Sensitivity
Importance of View
High
Low
Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 3km
Description of View Existing view: From Wayside Caravan Park there are some open and oblique views from static caravans looking southeastward across open agricultural fields. In the distance vegetation belts break up views of the horizon and the derelict frame of the former turbine hall is visible on the skyline, which is also interspersed with other glimpses of built form. The wind turbine and masts form prominent vertical elements in this view. During construction: During construction views from the caravan park would include the upper part of the converter station building during. There would be views of works above intervening vegetation of construction works to the substation and outdoor elements associated with the converter station. It is not anticipated that there would be any views of the temporary laydown area during the construction period. There would be no views of installation works to the underground cable route.
Direction of view: SE
On completion: On completion the upper part of the converter station building and the roofline of the substation building and very tops of the outdoor elements within the converter station and substation would continue to be visible on the horizon above vegetation screening. The building would be viewed in the context of other agricultural buildings and the wind turbine and masts and would not be dissimilar to the existing view.
Magnitude of Effect
Significance of Effect
Temporary low adverse during construction
Minor adverse during construction
Low adverse on completion
Minor adverse on completion
Low to negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Minor adverse to neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Negligible during construction
Neutral during construction
Negligible on completion
Neutral on completion
Negligible with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
Neutral with mitigation and after approximately 15 years
With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Overtime intervening vegetation, including tree planting along the northern boundary of the converter station and substation site (proposed as part of the Richborough Energy Park internal road works), will (continue to) mature, reinforcing existing vegetation screening and providing additional screening of the distant converter station and substation and associated outdoor equipment. Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) and the muted green colour of the substation building will assist in minimising the visual effect of these structures. C10
Sarre Windmill Distance from the converter station and substation site: approx. 8.0 km Direction of view: ESE
High
Low
Existing view: The windmill is a visitor attraction on the eastern edge of Sarre (which can be visited by appointment) and from upper floors has open views out across the Stour Valley. These existing views consist of open agricultural fields in the foreground gently sloping down towards the lower ground in the valley bottom. This lower lying ground contains belts of poplars and other vegetation, which obscure parts of the horizon. The horizon also appears well vegetated and sitting above this on the skyline is the derelict frame of the former turbine hall which forms a very minor component in the view. Also in the distance on the skyline are a number of vertical elements, such as the wind turbine and electricity pylons. During Construction: It is anticipated that during the construction period the roofline of the converter station building would be visible above the vegetated horizon from the upper storeys of the windmill. On completion: On completion there would continue to be distant views of the roofline of the converter station building. This view would be no different to the existing view. With mitigation and following approximately 15 years establishment: Colour graded cladding to the converter station building (from a muted green at the building’s base to off-white at the roofline) will assist in minimising the visual effect of this structure. Overtime intervening vegetation will (continue to) mature, reinforcing existing vegetation screening of the distant converter station building.
2700.023
Page 5
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