Environmental product declaration (EPD)
Program owner EAA - European Aluminium Association Av. de Broqueville 12 B-1150 Brussels http://www.eaa.net
Schüco International KG Karolinenstraße 1-15 D-33609 Bielefeld http://www.schueco.com
System House
1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on:
28/09/2011 Project Name: Product Name:
Deklaration number
AO3539 Räddningstjänsten- Oljerummen - Mp1 Window / door, aluminium
This environmental declaration relates to a unit using the declared aluminium profile in the dimensions given.
Declared product
Product Type
This declaration relates to the product described above and is valid for three years from the date of issue. The window/façade fabricator is responsible for the information and the proofs on which this declaration is based.
Validity
This declaration does not cover all aspects of the usage phase of the product. A complete evaluation of the product in terms of its environmental effects must also take account of its use in the building and any environmental factors resulting from the usage phase. Comparison of building products or environmental product declarations without taking account of the usage phase in terms of effects on the environement of a whole building are not valid. Environmental product declarations of different program holders are not necessarily comparable.
Comparability
This environmental declaration is based on the PCR document "Aluminium Building Products" from the EAA European Aluminium Association. The document can be obtained from the EAA Homepage (http://www.aluminium.org).
Product category rules (Product Category Rules)
Verification
Table 1: Verifizierung
Checking of the PCR document by an independent committee of experts. Chairman of the committee of experts: Frau Dr. Eva Schmincke Independent confirmation of the calculation system and the data on which the declaration is based; in accordance with ISO 14025:2006 [ ] - Internal checking [x] - External confirmation Verification of the declaration program: Dr. Eva Schmincke
This environmental declaration refers to the unit described. It is manufactured from the profile system described in the stated dimensions and using standard glazing.
Scope of validity
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
1 Product description Product characterisation:
Description of the unit
See attachments: unit overview and CE marking
Schüco ASS 28 SC.NI Units as described above go to be installed in buildings. The unit consists of an aluminium frame and standard glazing. The product is generally built into the wall of a building to allow air exchange and to let light in. The relevant product standard for windows is DIN EN 14351-1. For façades, the standard is DIN EN 13830. This environmental declaration includes the following lifecycle phases: -
Profile system Area of application
Product standard/technical approval Life cyle phases
Material production, component production and surface-finishing Transportation to fabricator Installation of units Transportation to building site Cleaning and maintenance Removal/dismantling of the units Transportation to recycling depot Recycling the elements and disposal of the waste
The portion of the usage phase which can only be determined in conjunction with the specific building, such as heat losses and solar gains, are not included in this environmental declaration.
Page 2
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Figure 1: Stages of life cycle. The EPD does not take account of the usage phase including repairs and possible unit replacement
Page 3
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
2 Components and materials Components of the unit
Table 2: Components of the unit
Mp1 [Schüco ASS 28 SC.NI] 3145 mm x 2100 mm Unit type Main profiles
Fittings
Accessories
Gaskets Glazing
Unit definition
Material
Description
Aluminium
TRESHOLD 16
Aluminium
OUTER FRAME 42
Aluminium
FLUEGEL 53
Aluminium
TRANSFER ROLLER
Aluminium
FLUEGELR. 35/37,5
Aluminium
COUPLING PROFILE
Aluminium
HANDLE SET RAL 9010
INOX
S/STEEL TRACK
Aluminium
ADJ.ROLLER CAR.80KG
PA 66
REBATE DOOR STOP
EPDM
REBATE DOOR STOP
PVC-U
COVER CAP
PA 66
COVER CAP
PVC-U
CORNER GASKET R9010
Aluminium
SLIDING SET
PVC-U
FEED PIECE R9010
PVC-U
CENTRE SEAL
DIe-cast aluminium
CLAMPING PIECE
INOX A4
OVAL HEAD SC.3.9X28
Aluminium
INSERT PC. RS65
INOX A4
OVAL HD SCR. 3.9X16
INOX A4
OVAL HEAD SC.B3.9X22
Aluminium
ALUMINIUM NAIL 5X9
DIe-cast aluminium
CORNER CLEAT CR+N
EPDM
LUBRICANT GASKET
EPDM
GLAZING GASKET 6MM
Float glass
MGA: Härdat Float 6mm
This table contains all the materials relevant for the calculation in line with the cutting criteria. For more information, please see the safety data sheets.
Hazardous substances
The manufacturer must, insofar as current technology allows, name all the materials contained in the product, which could be emitted or given off during foreseeable use, the emissions or byproducts of which could constitute a danger to hygiene, health or the environment. The manufacturer must make a composition declaration appropriate to the legal requirements of the particular country in which the product is to be used
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
An informative database of the European and national regulations on hazardous substances can be found at „Construction web site on EUROPA”: (http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/internal/dangsub/dangmain_en.htm).
3 Additional information on production and assembly Aluminium: Aluminium primary production
Availability, production and origin of the materials
The usual raw material for the production of aluminium is bauxite. It consists of one or several aluminium hydroxide compounds, with silicates, iron and titanium oxides as main pollutants. The Bayer process is used to extract aluminium oxide and aluminium is subsequently produced in the electrolytic Hall-Heroult process. For the production of primary aluminium from bauxite, the aluminium components are dissolved out chemically using sodium hydroxide. This produces aluminium oxide. This causes an accumulation of red mud which contains the original naturally-occurring components of bauxite, i.e. the ore residues, with the residual alkali. The red mud is disposed of. Optimum conditions are created for disposing of it by separating the ore residues from the sodium lye. On average worldwide, 4 to 5 tonnes of bauxite are required to produce 2 tonnes of aluminium oxide, which in turn produces one tonne of aluminium. For Europe, the average is 4.1 t of bauxite per tonne of aluminium. 140 million tonnes of bauxite are extracted every year. The main deposits of bauxite lie in a wide belt around the equator. The vast majority of the mines have recultivation programmes for the extraction sites. Bauxite must first be converted into pure aluminium oxide before it can be turned into aluminium by electrolysis. The production of aluminium oxide is carried out in refineries using the Bayer-Prozess. Primary aluminium is produced in smelting works where pure aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide. (Hall-Héroult process). The reduction of aluminium oxide to liquid aluminium is carried out in a flourinated bath at approx. 950°C, which requires a high flow of current. Two different smelting technologies are currently in use, depending on the type of anodes used. All smelting works built since the early 1970s use the technology with prebaked anodes. For this, the anode is "pre-baked" in a separate works from a mixture of petroleum coke and coal tar (as a binder). For the Soederberg method, the carbon-containing mixture is fed directly into the top area of the smelting furnace. The "baked-in-place" anodes are produces by using the heat from the electrolytic process. Molten aluminium, if possible after the addition of the alloy components is poured by direct cooling (direct chill - DC) into logs.
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Figure 2: Aluminium primary production, source /EAA 2006/
Extruded aluminium products
Aluminium profiles are produced using an extrusion process. Aluminium logs are used for these profiles, also called billets (mostly cylindrical), which are forced through extrusion dies at high temperatures (400-500°C). Aluminium logs are manufactured as castings using a die-casting process with direct chill (DC). Primary and recycled aluminium as well as alloy components (Mg, Si etc.) are used for the production of aluminium logs. (For more information on aluminium production processes please refer to our website at www.aluminium.org). The profiles produced from the pre-processing are shaped and cut into specific lengths. These are then heat treated in order to produce the desired mechanical properties in a hardening process. There then follows a chemical pre-treatment and a powder coating. The data with which this process chain is modelled for eco-balance includes the recycling of production residues.
Figure 3: Typical production chain of aluminium extrusion, Quelle /EAA 2006/
Surface finishing: Aluminium construction products are often surface-finished, either to give the products a decorative appearance and/or to provide corrosion protection. Anodising and powder coating are the most
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
common methods for surface-finishing aluminium profiles. These processes are explained briefly here. For more information go to www.estal.org Anodising: Anodising is an electrolytic industrial process used on aluminium and its alloys. It can be used to provide much thicker oxide layers (several microns) than is possible from natural oxidation (usually only 0.01µm). The oxide layer produced by anodisation has specific properties which can be used for particular purposes: appearance, hardness, resistance to corrosion and abrasion. In the case of aluminium profiles, anodisation means submerging in a range of treatment baths. Both the inner and the outer surfaces are treated. Before anodisation, the aluminium is washed, de-greased and pickled in an alkali solution, rinsed with demineralised water, neutralised in an acid solution and rinsed again. The anodic oxide film is produced by immersing the components in a suphuric acid bath and passing a current of approx. 1.2 A/dm² and a voltage of 8-20V between the aluminium components as anode and the cathode. This builds up a hard oxide layer on the aluminium components. It can produce a limited number of colourations. Pre-treatment and powder coating: Powder coating means a paint which is produced using dry powder. Unlike a wet coating, in powder coating there is no solvent containing binder and filler in a liquid suspension. Before coating, the aluminium components are washed, de-greased and pickled in an alkali solution, rinsed with demineralised water, treated with titanium oxide/zirkonium oxide and rinsed again. (The treatment with titanium/zirkonium oxide based products has replaced pre-treatment by chromating, which is hardly used any more in Europe) The coating is typically applied using an electrostatic process and then hardened by heating during which it becomes liquid and thus forms a "skin". The powder may be a thermoplastic or thermosetting (Duromer) polymer. It is usually used to produce an hard surface finish which is more durable than conventional paint. This technique provides a wide range of colours and gloss levels. On aluminium profiles, only the outer surface is powder coated.
Flat glass: Raw materials The mixing of raw materials for the production of flat glass is also known as glass composition. It consists essentially of three components: quartz sand, soda ash and dolomite/limestone. In addition, recycled glass (cullets) are also used to produce flat glass. This constitutes a proportion on average of 15% of all materials. The addition of old glass reduces the amount of energy used in the process. Quarz sand, soda ash, dolomite and dolomite/limeston represent 99% of all raw materials, apart from the recycled glass material. The remaining constituents help in the melting and refining (avoiding bubble formation) and provide the colour. Water is also added to the glass composition to prevent segregation of the mixture. Quarz sand is the main constituent of the glass composition, constituting 62% of it (without taking account of the cullets). Soda ash is one of the most expensive raw materials in glass production and constitutes about 16% of the glass composition. Production process When the raw materials are put into the furnace, they are electronically weighed out, mixed and moistened. This produces a vitrifiable charge, which, after the addition of recycled glass (melted cullet), is conveyed to the furnace. The furnace is made of fireclay (a material which withstands very high temperatures), which can take up to 2000t of molten glass (largest furnace), at a temperature of 1550°C.
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
The glass melts at a temperature of 1100°C in the furnace and is poured onto a bath of molten tin. This is referred to as the "floating process". The glass floats on an even liquid surface and is then drawn onto a belt. There are cogs mounted on the sides of the belt which stretch or compress the glass from the side, depending on the required thickness. This thickness currently varies between 1.1 mm and 19 mm. Thin glass is required for lamination processes in the automobile industry, in order to reduce the weight of the vehicle, and also for use in electronics. Thicker glass is used particularly in the security sector and for decorative purposes. The glass must then cool down. It is carried by a series of rollers through the annealing lehr (100 m long). Here it is cooled from 600°C to room temperature. The glass reaches its characteristic properties at a temperature of 500°C. The cooling process of the glass ribbon ends in the open atmosphere, is conveyed to a square cutters where it is cut into plates (6m x 3m is the usual size in Europe). The edges are automatically processed. The glass plates are then sorted vertically onto frames using suction pads.
Figure 4: Manufacture of float glass, source /saint-gobain-vitrage/
Polyamide 6.6 GF:
Polyamid 6.6 is produces from hexamethylene diamine and hexanedioic acid, via / adipic hexamethylene diamine. Hexamethylene diamine occurs as a result of the reaction of butadiene and hydrogen cyanide at 80°C together with a catalyst. After the non-reacted butadiene and hydrogencyanide components have been removed, these are returned to the process. The resulting mixure of isomers of nitrilopentene and nitrilomethyl butene is then predominantly isomerised to nitrilo-3 and nitrilo-4 pentene. In a second step, adiponitrile is produced by adding HCN. Adiponitrile is then hydrated to hexamethylene diamine under high pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere. The technically preferred way to produce hexanedioic acid is by the oxidation of cyclohexane. For this the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is carried out in two stages. The oxidation of cyclohexane occurs at 125-165°C and 8-15 bar in liquid phase with air (and Mn or Co salts) as catalyst into an anol-anon mixuture. The primary product of the radical reaction is cyclo-hexyl hydroperoxide which reacts further to produce anol-anon. At the same time some hexanedioic acid has formed. The cyclohexane conversion increases to about 10-12% (high selectivity of 80-85% anolanon). The unconverted cyclohexane is distilled off and returned to the oxidation. The acids are washed out using alkali and the esters are hydrolised. EPDM (Ethylene propylene diene monomer): Starting materials for EPDM production are propylenes and ethylenes. There are different processes for polymerisation, where the most important are production from the gaseous phase, the solution process and the emulsion process. For the manufacture of ethylene and propylene, naphtha and LNG are cracked in a steam cracker. In addition to ethylene and propylene, a C4-fraction, pyrolyse gas, pyrolyse tar, fuel gas and hydrogen
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
are also given off. Steel: Parts of the breaking down, preparation and of the pellet production take place in countries outside of Europe and contribute to a certain extent to the EU import mix. In part, transport and energy provision are individually recorded. Iron ore, pellets, sinter provision and additives are conveyed into the high furnace (loading mixture). The pig iron is then conveyed into an oxygen converter. Secondary metallurgy and constant pouring follow The balance results from the sintering process to the steel billet are based on German boundary conditions
Window installation:
Manufacture
The building components, i.e. the surface-finished aluminium profiles and the insulating bars with which they are joined together are cut to size and fabricated for the appropriate frame size. The resulting off-cuts from the aluminium profiles are put into recycling. The window is completed together with the glazing component (double glazing with argon-filled space between) and the gaskets. Finally, the window subassemblies are added to the frame.
Product packaging
Packaging
Generally the window is unpackaged. In rare cases a PE foil is used as protection. The plastic foil is conveyed to a regional waste separation system The packed windows are prepared on transport frames and these are put on euro paletts. Reusable frames are used to transport them to the building site. During the production of windows no special health and safety considerations for employees are required. By 2005 96% of all works in the production chain for aluminium fabricated materials had implemented health and safety precautions to lay down the risk and the influence of chemical, physical and radiation-source hazards.
Commercial health and safety precautions during production
4 Additional information for installing into or onto a building
Further information is contained in the construction drawings and installation instructions.
If units are installed according to instructions, no special health and safety considerations are required.
The technical properties which relate to environmental aspects during the usage phase, e.g. thermal insulation can only be guaranteed, if the installation is correct.
Instructions and aids for installation Health and safety information for installation Environmental considerations
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
No residues remain on the building site.
Residues on the building site
5 Additional information on modelling the usage phase As far as environment and health are concerned there are no considerations to take account of
Estimate of useful life is assumed to be 30 years. The useful life of windows is, on average, approx. 50 years. Regular cleaning and maintenance are the foundations for a long useful life. Cleaning agents must be in the neutral pH range (pH value 5-8)
Environmental and health considerations Useful life
Maintenance
Maintenance (checking and lubrication) is recommended once a year. There are no relevant external influences on durability.
There are no particular influences to be taken into account.
External effects on durability Particular effects
6 Additional information on end-of-life processes The End-of-Life processes consist of three steps:
End-of-life observation
- Dismantling - Shredding and/or sorting - Remelting / Burning / landfill Dismantling takes place either on the building site, or after transporting the uninstalled windows to a recycling plant. During dismantling, the glass is usually broken. 50% of the glass material will be sent for recycling, the rest will be dumped. It is assumed that the recycled glass has the identical mass of the raw material for glass production. The aluminium frame together with the plastic and other components will be recycled. After dismantling, up to 95% of the steel components will be removed using magnetic sorting. Up to 90% of plastics will be separated out from the aluminium components in a cyclone plant. Plastics are disposed of by burning, from which energy is produced. As a third step the aluminium residues are remelted and extruded to billets, assumed to have the same properties as the billets from which the profiles were produced. A net yield of 98% is assumed. In total the aim is to achieve 93% recycling. This figure includes the joint rate (assumption: 96%), the metal losses during shredding and sorting and the remelting. Recycled aluminium will be credited in this environmental declaration. As Fig. 5 shows, only aluminium losses need to be substituted for primary aluminium. Fig. 5 illustrates the substitution method using the example of an aluminium window frame.
Recycling
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Figure 5: Substitution method, illustrated in relation to the life cycle of an aluminium window frame, Source: EAA 2006
As most of the components of the unit are recycled, there is only a small proportion of the materials and recycling losses that have to be disposed of.
Disposal
7 Eco-balance 7.1 Eco-balance documentation Declared unit
Declared unit: 1 Aluminium window in the size given and tilt/turn fittings.
Table 3: Material composition of the entire unit (basis of the eco-balance calculation)
Material
Weight of individual materials over all parts of the unit 119.54 kg
Aluminium
25.23 kg
EPDM
7.19 kg
Glass
85.31 kg
PA
0.23 kg
Stainless steel
1.46 kg
Page 11
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Description of the life-cycle:
Boundary conditions
- Production and transport to the building site - Installation und Wartung (Reinigung) - Dismantlin, transporting to recycling, shredder, material recycling of aluminium, of the glass and the iron metals. Burning with energy credit of the insulating bars and gaskets. All other components and residues are disposed of as waste. The following rates of reclamation are laid down for dismantling and shredder and are the basis for the LCA calculation: - Aluminium 96% - steel, stainless steel and zinc: 95% - Glass: 95% - Insulating bars and gaskets: 90% - All other materials: 0% Average transportation from production to building site: 100 km by light goods vehicle.
Transportation
Average transportation from building site to recycling plant: 200 km by medium-weight heavy goods vehicle. The energy required and the fuel for recycling are allocated to the end-of-life phase. The secondary material yielded is used in the production phase (and added on). Recvycled aluminium is credited by means of the substitution method. Further information will be found in the EAA document „Aluminium recycling in LCA“, available from www.aluminum.org (Sections EHS > LCA > Recycling) available for download. All materials which put into the system and constitute more than 1% of the total mass or more than 1% of the primary energy requirement are included. All materials flows which leave the system and which contribute to more than 1% of the selected effect category are included. The representative nature and the sources of the data used are listed in the table below. The geographical coverage of the date covers Europe.
Allocation
Cut-off criteria
Data quality
Page 12
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Table 4: Representative nature of eco-balance data
Datenqualität Geographical representation
Time period
Source
High
2005
EAA
Surface treatment
Medium
1998
GaBi 4
Glass
Medium
2000
Ecoinvent
Material / Process Aluminium
Insulating bars
High
2005
GaBi 4 / Industry
Medium
2005
GaBi 4 / Industry
High
2004
Eurofer
Window installation
Medium
1996
GaBi 4 / Industry
Usage phase
Gaskets Steel / stainless steel
Medium
2005
GaBi 4
EOL / Dismantling and shredding
high
1998
GaBi 4 / Industry
EOL / Metal recycling
high
1998
EAA / GaBi 4 / Industry
EOL / Burning
high
2005
GaBi 4
Geographical coverage of Europe.
7.2 Environmental effects of the life cycle The tables and diagrams below give the aggregated results of the life cycle inventory as well as the eco-balance results.
Life cycle inventory
Table 5: Primary energy requirement of the life cycle of the declared aluminium unit
Mp1 [Schüco ASS 28 SC.NI] 3145 mm x 2100 mm Entire life cycle
Primary energy, total
Unit
Production Usage phase End of Life
Primary energy, non-renewable
[MJ]
2572
1834
196.2
541.1
Primary energy, renewable
[MJ]
198.1
162.8
2.151
33.11
Primary energy is the measure of the consumption of non-regenerative (fossil and nuclear) and regenerative (water power, wind power, solar energy and bio-mass) energy sources. The availability of non-regenerative energy sources is limited.
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Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Figure 6: Allocation of the primary energy used for the different manufacturing processes of aluminium, insulating bars, gaskets, glass units, fittings and other elements used in the surface finishing of the profiles, for assembly, transportation and usage processes and for disposal
Figure 7: Allocation of the primary energy used for the different manufacturing processes of aluminium, insulating bars, gaskets, glass units, fittings and other elements used in the surface finishing of the profiles, for assembly, transportation and usage processes and for disposal
Page 14
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Table 6: Water consumption during the life cycle of the declared aluminium unit
Mp1 [Schüco ASS 28 SC.NI] 3145 mm x 2100 mm Water consumption
Unit
Water consumption
[kg]
Entire life cycle
Production Usage phase End of Life
1634
1332
113.4
227.9
The quantities of waste and residues are technical values. They do not reflect the environmental influence resulting from waste recycling. Table 7: Waste produced during the life cycle of the declared aluminium unit
Mp1 [Schüco ASS 28 SC.NI] 3145 mm x 2100 mm Entire life cycle
Waste
Unit
Production Usage phase End of Life
Inert waste
[kg]
10.05
1.52
0.02752
9.462
Hazardous waste Residues Waste for recycling
[kg]
7.992
5.75
0.0784
2.163
[kg]
7.757
4.515
0.04422
116.5
Residues from ore dressing
[kg]
8.365
8.133
0.1522
0.07954
Spoil
[kg]
235.9
171.3
11.8
52.84
The table below shows the contribution to the effect categories abiotic depletion potential, global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, acidifcation potential, eutrophication potential and photochemical oxidant forming potential.
Eco-balance results
Table 8: Results of the eco-balance for the life cycle of the declared aluminium unit
Mp1 [Schüco ASS 28 SC.NI] 3145 mm x 2100 mm Effect categories
Unit
Entire life cycle
Consumption of abiotic resources (ADP)
[kg Sb eqv.]
Global warming potential (GWP)
[kg CO2 eqv.]
416.2
128.1
143
145
Ozone depletion potential (ODP)
[kg R11 eqv.]
9.474E-005
6.412E-006
2.119E-005
6.713E-005
Acidification potential(AP)
[kg SO2 eqv.]
1.568
0.6909
0.3125
0.5646
Eutrophication potential (EP)
[kg PO4 eqv.]
0.1776
0.06882
0.05627
0.05253
[kg etheneeqv.]
0.1817
0.07339
0.006376
0.1019
Photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP)
1.593
Production Usage phase End of Life 0.7664
0.08739
0.7394
The table below describes the individual effect categories
Page 15
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
Table 9: Description of the effect categories
Description of the scoring values Scoring values
Description
Primary energy, non-renewable
Primary energy is a measurement of the consumption of non-regenerative (fossil and nuclear) energy sources. The availability of these energy sources is limited.
Abiotic depletion potential (ADP)
Reduction of non-renewable resources such as metal ores, minerals or energy sources.
Global warming potential (GWP)
Changes to the suface temperature, also global temperature due to the greenhouse effect cause by the emission of greenhouse gases.
Ozone depletion potential (ODP)
The integral change in total ozone unit of mass of emission of a specific emission relative to the integral change in the total ozone per unit of mass of CFC-11.
Acidification potential (AP)
Acidification is caused by direct release of acids or by the release of gases which form acids on contact with rain and are deposited in soil and water. The three main causes are: Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3). Deposits of acids have a negative influence on water, forestry and soil.
Eutrophication potential (EP)
Measurement of the excessive enrichment with nutrients (eutrophication), which can lead to algae growth. Is caused by the release of sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorous, and decomposable organic substances into the atmosphere and the water cycle.
Photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP)
Chemical reactions triggered by light energy from the sun. The reaction of nitrogen oxides with hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight and the formation of ozone is an example of a photochemical reaction.
Figure 8: Overview of the different scoring values relating to component production, usage and end-of-life of the declared aluminium unit
Page 16
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
8 Product category rules (PCR) and verification This environmental declaration is based on the PCR document "Aluminium Building Products" from the EAA European Aluminium Association. The document can be obtained from the EAA homepage. Review of the PCR document by an independent advisory committee.
Product Category Rules, Product Category Rules PCR Review
President: Dr. Eva Schmincke Independent verification of the calculation system, of the data and the declaration in line with ISO 14025: External verification. Verifier of the declaration program: Dr. Eva Schmincke
Verification of the Environmental product declaration
Page 17
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
System House: Deklaration number:
Schüco International KG 1110-4-201108-20110928085107-EN
Created on: 28/09/2011
9 Sources /Buxmann 2001/
Buxmann, Kurt; EAA, 2001; Ökobilanz einer ALUCOBOND-Fassade im Vergleich zu Vollaluminium und Faserzement.
/EAA 2008/
EAA: Environmental profile report for the European Aluminium industry, April 2008
/EAA 2005/
Aluminium Recycling in LCA, EAA 2005
/GaBi 4/
GaBi 4: Software and database for life cycle assessment. IKP, University Stuttgart and PE Europe GmbH, 2001-2005.
/ISO 14025/
ISO 14025: Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures, 2006
/ISO 14040/
ISO 14040: Environmental management - Life cycle assessement - Principles and framework, 2006
/ISO 14044/
ISO 14044: Environmental management - Life cycle assessement - Principles and framework, 2006
/CML 2002/
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/saint-gobainvitrage/
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/Werner 2000 I/
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