English grammar, punctuation and spelling Y5 & Y6

Y5 expectations Grammar and punctuation To use the present perfect form of verbs To convert nouns or adjectives into verbs using suffixes To use modal verbs To use verb prefixes To use relative clauses To use a range of punctuation: question mark, exclamation mark, commas in a list, commas to mark clauses, inverted commas, brackets, dashes To use brackets, dashes or commas to indicate parenthesis To use commas to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity

To use the present perfect form of verbs Which verb form is in the present perfect in the passage below? Rachel loves music and has wanted to learn the piano for years. She was delighted when her parents gave her a keyboard for her birthday. has wanted

To convert nouns into verbs using suffixes Convert these nouns into verbs. verbs note pollen deputy notify pollinate deputise

To use modal verbs Do the modal verbs in the following sentences indicate certainty or possibility? possibility It will be very cold tomorrow. John might have missed the train. Ann can speak three languages. You could finish your work by the end of the lesson. certainty possibility certainty possibility

To use verb prefixes Match each prefix to a word so that a new word is made. re

mature

de

understood

mis

legible

im

frost

il

do

redo defrost misunderstood immature illegible

To use relative clauses Which part in the sentence below is the relative clause? clause The car that was parked outside the shop was for sale. that was parked outside the shop

To use brackets, dashes or commas to indicate parenthesis Which sentence is punctuated correctly? The wind was blowing howling, actually, so we headed – for home. The wind was blowing – howling, actually – so we headed for home. The wind was blowing, howling – actually – so we headed for home. The wind was blowing howling actually – so we headed for home. The wind was blowing – howling, actually – so we headed for home.

To use commas to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity Explain how the comma changes the meaning in the two sentences below. Are you coming to see, Ali? Are you coming to see Ali?

Y6 expectations Grammar and punctuation To use synonyms to avoid repetition To use passive verbs To use conjunctions, adverbials and prepositions to link ideas To use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions To use adverbs, preposition phrases and expanded noun phrases To use the semi-colon, colon and dash to mark the boundary between independent clauses To use the colon to introduce a list and the semi-colon within lists

To punctuate bullet points to list information To use hyphens to avoid ambiguity To use a range of punctuation: commas, dashes apostrophes, bullet points, inverted commas, ellipses, hyphen, brackets, colon and semi-colons.

To use synonyms to avoid repetition Which two words in the sentence below are synonyms of each other? He was lucky to win first prize – he knew it was fortunate that his closest rival had chosen not to take part. lucky fortunate

To use passive verbs Rewrite the sentence below in the passive voice. The pouring rain drenched us. We were drenched by the pouring rain.

To use conjunctions to link ideas Write the word that is the conjunction in the sentence below. Alison saw it all happen, yet she could not stop it. yet

To use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions Which sentences use a coordinating conjunction and which use a subordinating conjunction? conjunction I like ice-skating and roller-skating. Jamie likes roller-skating, but he has never tried ice-skating. Jamie will go ice-skating if I go with him. coordinating coordinating subordinating

To use expanded noun phrase Write the longest possible noun phrase in the sentence below. That book about the Romans was interesting.

That book about the Romans

To use the semisemi-colon, colon and dash to mark the boundary between independent clauses What is the name of the punctuation mark used between the two main clauses below? My sister loves team sports; my brother, on the other hand, prefers individual sports – such as athletics. semi-colon

To use the colon to introduce a list Rewrite the sentence below, inserting a colon in the correct place. The school offered three clubs for its pupils art and craft, dance and chess. The school offered three clubs for its pupils: art and craft, dance and chess.

To punctuate bullet points To make a fruit smoothie, Karen needs three ingredients: milk, bananas and ice cream. Finish the recipe, writing the ingredients as a list with bullet points. points Remember to punctuate your answer correctly. To make your smoothie, you will need these ingredients:

• milk • bananas • ice cream

To use hyphens to avoid ambiguity Add one hyphen to the sentence below and explain why the hyphen is important. Everyone was frightened of the man eating snakes.

Everyone was frightened of the man-eating snakes.

Spelling • • • • • • • • • • •

Words ending in -cious or -tious Words ending in -cial or -tial Words ending in -ant, -ance, -ancy or -ent, -ence, -ency Words ending in -able or -ible Words ending in -ably or –ibly Adding suffixes beginning with vowel letters to words ending in -fer (e.g. preference, preferring) Use of the hyphen (e.g. re-enter) ‘ii before e except after c’ rule Words containing the letter string ough Words with ‘silent’ letters Homophones (e.g. practice/practise)