Energy use. Energy use on farm and linked to inputs
15.01.2015
Energy use Matthias Koesling Molde Fjordstuer 31. October 2014
Energy use on farm and linked to inputs Energy in input • Fertilizer • Man...
Energy use Matthias Koesling Molde Fjordstuer 31. October 2014
Energy use on farm and linked to inputs Energy in input • Fertilizer • Manure • Concentrates • Rouphages • Milkpowder • Animals
Energy in outputs • Milk • Animals • Rouphages • Manure
Energy linked to buildings and machinery • Buildings (embodied energy / 50 year expected lifetime or older) • Machinery (embodied energy / 7 - 2 year expected lifetime or older)
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Background for stables • Cows kept in stables in period without plant growth • Energy is needed to built stables • Goal to be energy efficient Therefore: • Include embodied energy, when energy use on farm is analysed
Approach for buildings • Farm visits – Collecting data – Pictures for construction plan
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Drawing of a simple construction plan
• Calculation of space of different surfaces • Stables differed a lot in appearance, but little in use of different «modules» • We calculated the embodied energy for these «modules» using the ecoinvent database
• Construction (timberframe) for the stables • Summing up for all parts • 50 years use
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Key results Buildings, older than 30 years • Walls and construction mainly timber • (Parts of) Cellar built with stones
Hey
Cows Manure
Buildings, 20 to 30 years old • • • •
Walls and construction timber or concrete Cellar concrete Storage for silage often in tower Additional functions
Silage Room for milktank
Cows Manure
Photo: Rose Bergslid
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Buildings, 2001 and younger • • • • •
Free-stall barns Insulated or cold Use of timber, concrete and steel Slurry tank in cellar or separate Additional functions
Cows Manure
0.4
3 500
0.35
3 000
0.3
2 500
0.25
2 000
0.2
1 500
0.15
1 000
0.1
500
MJ barn year-1/ MJ milk year-1
4 000
MJ barn year-1 cowplace-1 MJ barn Y-1 / MJ milk Y-1
0.05
org
org
org
org
org
org
org
org
org
org
con
con
con
con
con
con
con
con
0 con
0 con
MJ barn year-1 cowplace-1
Results from the 20 farms
Mode of production: conventional (con) and organic (org)
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Implications • The amount of embodied energy per cow differs with the factor four in 20 analysed barns • Lower amount of embodied energy: – Walls of timber instead of concrete – Cold barns instead of warm/insulated – Tie-stall instead of free-stall
• Knowledge important for new buildings
Approach for tractors and machinery 1. Listing tractors and main machinery on farm and their age 2. Finding weigth of tractors and main machinery 3. Using values for embodied energy per kg weight from ecoinvent for: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
General machinery Tillage Slurry tank Trailor Tractor
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Approach for tractors and machinery 4. Dividing value of embodied energy by expected lifetime (12-20 years; more when actual age is older) 5. Summing up embodied energy for all tractors and machinery
Source: Nemecek and Kägi 2007 Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems
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Balling
Source: MK ID 2986 page 2 Size, working capacity Weight (kg) Servicelife (years) New tractor 90 kW 4500 15 combi baler 20 bales / h 4200 10 page 3 Diesel l / h Baling
l / bale 19.8
Share of lifeweight for tractor baller Need of diesel per ball
0.99
ecoinvent V2.2 (2010) number
0.03125 kg (# 36) 0.05833 kg (# 32) 0.99000 kg (# ???)
MK ID 2986: Roer at al 2013 Supplementary life cycle inventory results - Environmental impacts of combined milk and meat production in Norway according to a life cycle assessment with expanded system boundaries
The Research Council of Norway, Nature-based Industry County of Møre and Romsdal All farmers participating Project partners and helpers Gesa Ruge, University of Canberra
