EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM (13SURF) No: LS 14.1 Section: LS 14 Date: 2nd April 2010

Page: 1 of 4

Purpose To outline the Surf Life Saving Emergency Response System (13SURF) within NSW. Definition An emergency response is a request for assistance from any of the following agencies/organisations:     

Emergency Services (Police, Fire, Ambulance, SES etc) Volunteer Marine Rescue (Coastal Patrol, Coastguard etc) Lifesaving Services (Contracted Lifeguards, Council Lifeguards, SLSC‟s etc) National Parks and Wildlife Service Rangers Helicopter Rescue Services (Lifesaver, NSW Ambulance, Care flight etc)

Background The nature of emergency response often results in a situation where:    

Patients are in the mid-latter stages of the drowning cycle There is limited to unknown circumstances There is a lack of and/or delay of „on-site‟ backup and support Response time is critical to the casualties survival / recovery

The following procedure aims to:     

Improve casualty survival rates Reduce the response time of lifesaving and rescue services to casualties Maximise the quality of a coordinated emergency response system Minimise ambiguities into the most appropriate resources to utilise Reduce the risk to responding personnel

Policy The following policy underpins the emergency response procedure: Regardless of the origin of the request for assistance or agencies involved, the Surf Life Saving Emergency Response System (coordinated by the State Duty Officer) shall utilise the nearest / most appropriate resource from any agency/organisation for assistance to ensure the quickest response time. The integrity of the State Duty Officer (on-duty) shall be maintained at all times. No other person shall assume the role, function, authority or call-sign of the on-duty State Duty Officer, unless delegated too by that person.

LS14. Response Operations

Aim

Communication and resource types: 

Primary Resource Notification: The surf rescue resource which is deemed nearest/most appropriate to respond to an incident and is notified/tasked first.



Secondary Resource Notification: A surf rescue resource/s which may provide value to an emergency response and is notified/tasked after the primary.



Advisement: Where a surf rescue service/resource may not have available resources and/or where primary resources are more than adequate for the response and/or have completed the task. An advisement call is made to the relevant services to notify them of the incident.

Response Sequence of Actions In accordance with „LS 13.11 Search and Rescue Stages‟, the Surf Life Saving Emergency Response System has a sequence of actions that relate to each of the search and rescue stages. These are as follows: Awareness Stage a) The State Duty Officer will advise the most appropriate services and advise the Regional Duty Officer** and SurfCom (if appropriate) b) The affected services will alert their personal, and other participating organisations c) The State Duty Officer may promulgate information to the relevant Media Officers and Management personnel from agencies involved with the incident to aid in enquiries from the community / media stations

LS14. Response Operations

Initial Action a) The State Duty Officer will begin monitoring the situation b) The affected Lifesaving Services should place their personnel and equipment on call for operations (at service area), particularly reconnaissance, and open the nearest operations centre (if applicable)* c) The State Duty Officer will advise the Regional Duty Officer**. Other agencies will be advised as deemed appropriate d) The Regional Duty Officer** will begin monitoring the situation State Duty Officer – Regional Duty Officer Communication The initial awareness call from the State Duty Officer to the Regional Duty Officer** shall include: 1) Notification of incident – including all relevant information held 2) Advisement of what other resources have been/are responding 3) Request for regional/local asset availability status * The timing of the ‘standby’ may be eliminated where a situation requires an immediate response ** A Regional Duty Officer may be a SLS Volunteer Duty Officer, Lifeguard Supervisor or nominated experienced person to assist in the coordination of a response.

Advisement of non-primary services/resources

Where a paid lifeguard service (council/ALS) or SLS service may not be the “nearest / most appropriate resource” to activate as „first-call‟ or have no on-duty/available resources to respond at all, the State Duty Officer shall still contact the lifeguard service contact/supervisor or Branch Duty Officer as soon as practical, to advise of the situation. Note: This should not be given priority over primary response coordination however. Planning a) The State Duty Officer (or delegate) will review existing plans (if in existence) b) The Regional Duty Officer** (or delegate) should provide SITREPS on the Initial Action Stage c) The State Duty Officer (or delegate) should review SITREPS, weather reports and operational information for an action plan d) The State Duty Officer (or delegate) should communicate the plan to relevant agencies

Operations Stage

Regional Level The Regional Duty Officer will; a) Activate and assume command of lifesaving operations b) Advise other agencies of their requirements for support and arrange that support and establish appropriate liaison c) Arrange to provide logistic support for out of area groups d) Arrange to provide operational stores for all teams e) Liaise with or act as the Incident Commander Local (Operations) The responding service will; a) Advise and establish liaison arrangements with their Regional Duty Officer, SurfCom, other emergency services and participating organisations b) Commence operations c) Call for assistance from Regional Duty Officer if required d) Request support if appropriate e) Maintain constant communications through such things as SITREPs with the Regional Duty Officer Conclusion a) All services shall be accounted for and stood down and the appropriate Regional/State Duty officers and Police communications/MAC advised b) The State/Regional Duty Officer may co-ordinate a debrief

LS14. Response Operations

State Level The State Duty Officer will: a) Assume communications control of operations (where required) and monitor the situation b) Advise other agencies at State level, particularly the NSW Police Marine Area Command c) Assist and or provide „situation reports‟ and „media releases‟ d) Acquire and coordinate both internal and external support resources as appropriate e) Provide mobile control teams if required to establish forward communications control f) Will assume the position of Regional Duty Officer in their absence

c) Lifesaving Services will refuel, replenish and undertake post operational checks d) All parties will complete the necessary documentation e) The relevant lifesaving services will participate in a debrief

SLSNSW EMERGENCY RESPONSE FLOW CHART EMERGENCY RESPONSE NOTIFICATION ‘000’ Call Centres, NSW Police, NSW Ambulance, VMR, Club, Lifeguards, Helicopters

Telephone

STATE DUTY OFFICER ‘13 SURF’ – 13 7873

Marine Area Command (If tasked by external agency)

DURING OPERATIONAL HOURS

Emergency back up divert

AFTER OPERATIONAL HOURS

LS14. Response Operations

Back up flow

SURFCOM

DUTY OFFICER

(Land Line)

(Mobile Phone)

Australian Lifeguard Services

Council Lifeguard Services

SLSNSW Beach Patrols

SLSNSW Support Operations

Other Emergency Groups

EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITIES No: LS 14.2 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 2

Policy Due to the benefit to the community, all Lifesaving Services in NSW should have an emergency response capability. This may be supported by personnel with access to response equipment and communications with the appropriate qualifications. In addition to beach operations, Surf Life Saving consists of Support Operations which primarily shall have an emergency response capability that is prevalent to 365/24 hour a day operations. Local Emergency Response System Lifesaving Services should have emergency response systems in place that fall in line with the Surf Life Saving Emergency Response System which covers: 

Response Areas (Maximum) – Service Agreement/Contract



Equipment preparedness (quick response + suitable equipment)



Established call out teams (Rescue personnel, powercraft operators, First Aid personnel)



Communication Lists – Initial Activation (How are people notified?)

Lifesaving Service personnel may decline a request from the public, SurfCom, Police etc to provide assistance / respond to an incident if they feel it would create to greater a risk to do so: Examples of inhibitors may be:    

Insufficient Personnel Insufficient Equipment Dangerous Conditions Geographical distance (outside achievable response area)

Local based preparedness (equipment and procedures) will minimise the above inhibitors and maximise the ability to render assistance.

LS14. Response Operations

Declining a request for assistance

Preparedness To maximise response and personnel safety, it is recommended that clubs/lifeguard services maintain the following equipment Equipment



Two rescue tubes, two sets of fins and two rescue boards should be located in a known and easily accessible location at the facility at all times



At least one IRB/RWC should be fully set up with a full tank of fuel located in an accessible location (fuel storage container).

 

An ATV (if available) should be fuelled and positioned “ready to go”. The O2/Resus Kit, AED Kit and First Aid Kit should be easily accessible either on the ATV or in the first aid room.



Two radios with aqua bags should be on charge and easily accessible by lifesaving Services Personnel.

LS14. Response Operations

 

Personal telephone contactable 24hours with contacts Emergency back up contacts

EMERGENCY INCIDENTS No: LS 14.3 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 2

The nature of rescue work is such that it is particularly important that personal conduct does not aggravate matters, but rather assists in creating a feeling that the situation is in competent hands and everything possible is being done to rescue and care for the victims. Important areas of general conduct and behaviour that will reflect on a Lifesavers performance include: Attitude

A serious, professional attitude must be maintained to gain confidence and support. Rescuers cannot consider themselves “professional” if they add to the confusion of a situation.

Emotions

Emotions are hard to control in the best of circumstances. In a rescue situation the control of emotions is a very difficult task but every effort must be made to prevent emotions from influencing good judgement and competence.

Courtesy

Courtesy, tact and good judgement are vital. If the rescue task is to be conducted quickly and effectively, courtesy must be given to all concerned.

The appreciation (decision making) process The appreciation process is a method of problem solving that is effective in rescue situations. The appreciation process consists of six steps: -

The problem to be solved or the task(s) to be accomplished. 2. Define the Aim The aim is a clear statement or resolution of what has to be achieved in order to solve the problem or complete the task. 1. Consider the Factors Factors are points relevant to the problem which must be solved. Some factors which may have to be considered in a surf rescue include: -

the surf, environmental conditions & other hazards the number patients the condition of the patient(s) available resources, both personnel and equipment support requirements and availability communications time and space

LS14. Response Operations

1. Define the Problem

4. Determine Courses Open Consider all the available options. 2. Decide on the Best Course Decide on the most appropriate course of action (best method of rescue) to proceed with. The following criteria should be applied: -

Risk - “Risk versus Gain” Simplicity - “Keep it Simple” Time - If time is a factor consider the course that can be completed in the fastest time. Economy - In terms of resources, which solution imposes the least demand.

6. The Plan The plan will result from the best course open. That is, it will be the solution to the problem with the most advantages and the least disadvantages. With all the variables that may have to be considered, and the speed of response required, it can be seen that Lifesaving Services must consider possible response options prior to an incident occurring.

LS14. Response Operations

Lifesaving Personnel may be confronted by a range of emergency situations. Some situations may be life threatening.

BOMB THREAT No: LS 14.4 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 2

Purpose To provide guidance if Lifesaving Service personnel receive a Bomb threat Procedure Initial Action: Treat all Bomb Threats as genuine Ascertain details  Location? - Person/s or premises threatened  Type of device  Any time limit? If a telephone threat - has the telephone line been kept open?

Notify    

NSW Police Duty Officer State Duty Officer SLSNSW Media Officer

At Scene: Do not use any transmitting devices – mobile phones, radios, pagers etc – in the vicinity of the incident site. Do not reveal the nature of the problem over a radio 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Continue Log Evacuate area and surrounds to place of safety Establish assembly area - put someone in charge Cordon off scene Set up command post Arrange ambulance access (if attending) Assist with police requests

LS14. Response Operations

Commence Log  Time/Date/Place  Identity of informant  Location of informant  Record full account of conversation outlining threat

Personnel required at Command Post: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Duty Officer State Duty Officer (if applicable) Police Coordinator Ambulance Coordinator Log Keeper

At completion:

LS14. Response Operations

Debrief: 1. Arrange venue away from activities and interruptions 2. Ensure police and ambulance coordinators in attendance 3. Arrange refreshments 4. Ensure all personnel are accounted for 5. Conduct debrief - SLS/Police/Ambulance 6. Take notes 7. Take contact details of all major participants in incident 8. Thank members 9. Arrange any ongoing assistance

SHARKS No: LS 14.5 Section: LS 14 Date: 30th March 2009

Page: 1 of 5

Purpose This guideline is an aid to recognising and overcoming risks associated with sharks. It recognises the role of Lifesaving Services in managing an environment that sharks inhabit. Procedure For the purposes of this document the word shark is used in the broad sense to include all sharks, although it is recognised that not all sharks are dangerous with nearly all fatal attacks in coastal waters being attributed to just three species - bull sharks, tiger sharks and white sharks (white pointer or great whites). Definitions

Shark Alarm

Where a civilian or lifesaving personnel have seen an object in the water and they believe it to be a shark. Action is taken to ensure public safety and to confirm the identity of the sighted object.

Shark Sighting

Where the presence of a shark has been confirmed, usually as a result of a shark alarm.

Shark Attack

Death or injury caused by a marine animal (which is presumed to be a shark) or property damage where it is apparent that the damage has been caused by a marine animal, presumed to be a shark.

Risk Factors It is considered that there are seven risk factors that will increase the risk of the presence of sharks. These are: 1. Early morning, dusk or at night when sharks are typically more active; 2. A person swimming or surfing on their own; 3. Salt water meets fresh water. Often this water is dirty, silt-laden or has debris in it; 4. Deeply overcast conditions; 5. Large amounts of fish in the vicinity; 6. A person is bleeding in the water; 7. The occurrence of a shark attack in the area in the recent past.

LS14. Response Operations

For the purposes of this Standard Operating Procedure, the following definitions apply in relation to a shark incident:

Lifesaving services should be aware of these risk factors so as to ensure a heightened sense of alertness and an appropriate level of response when these factors are present. Personal Safety Some simple rules for safe swimming apply to help reduce the risk of incidents involving sharks and humans, and should be promoted to the public so they can take appropriate self precautions: 

Always swim at a patrolled beach and between the flags.



Leave the water immediately if a shark is sighted.



Leave the water if you hear a siren or a public address announcement. Do not enter the water if the beach is closed.



Never swim or surf alone.



Never swim or surf between dusk and dawn, when sharks are most active.



Never swim or surf in dirty or murky waters.



Do not swim or surf near schools of fish. Flocks of seabirds diving into the water are a good indication of the presence of fish.



Do not swim in canals or channels, or near a river or creek mouth or drainage outlets or where fish are being cleaned.



Do not swim near, or interfere with, shark control equipment.



Do not swim if bleeding. Leave the water if you are injured.



Do not urinate into the water.



If you see a shark, leave the water as quickly and calmly as possible. Avoid excessive splashing or noise. Advise the nearest lifeguard or surf lifesaver or contact the Police Service on Triple 0 – „000‟.

LS14. Response Operations

Actions on Sightings In the event of a (Lifesaving Services confirmed) shark sighting close/in the patrolled area, the following procedure shall occur:

Determine if water area is to be evacuated (considering size of shark, proximity to swimmers, level of confirmation of sighting, conduct of shark)



Activate the Emergency Evacuation Alarm



Close the beach immediately: -

Activate the Emergency Evacuation Alarm

-

Inform everyone that the beach is being closed due to a shark sighting and strongly recommend they leave the water.

-

Lower/remove Red and Yellow Flags

-

Raise Emergency Evacuation Flag (Red and White Quartered)

-

Remove all other flags

-

Post „Swimming Prohibited‟ signs at identified beach access points



Continually monitor all areas from a raised platform and through the use or power-craft and aerial assets.



Do not attempt to kill, capture or injure the animal.



Contact SurfCom (or similar) and inform them of the shark sighting and all available information.



The beach should remain closed until after a full search of the area has been completed and the Patrol Captain / Senior Lifeguard is confident that there is no further risk to swimmers, surfers and other beach-users.



Complete Shark Report Form and forward to SLSNSW.

Actions in Event of Shark Attack



Bring the patient to the beach as quickly as possible.



Apply immediate first aid.



Inform SurfCom / request Ambulance and Police Services of them



Close the beach immediately: -

Activate the Emergency Evacuation Alarm

-

Inform everyone that the beach is being closed due to a shark incident (avoiding the use of the word “attack”) and strongly recommend they leave the water.

-

Lower/remove Red and Yellow Flags

-

Raise Emergency Evacuation Flag (Red and White Quartered)

-

Remove all other flags

-

Post „Swimming Prohibited‟ signs at identified beach access points



SurfCom to Contact the Branch Duty Officer and State Duty Officer (SDO) on 13SURF who will advise appropriate authorities (i.e. Department of Primary Industries) to activate NSW Shark Attack Response Plan.



Record as much detail regarding the incident as possible, including completion of the Shark Report Form.

The Branch Duty Officer / Lifeguard Supervisor: 

Should contact the State Duty Officer on 13SURF and confirm the SDO is aware of the incident.



Attends the scene and becomes the Incident Controller;



Provides operational support and guidance to the Patrol Captain / Lifeguard;



Identifies and accesses appropriate resources to ensure the safety of beach visitors. This may include powercraft and personnel from neighbouring SLSCs or Support Operations Group resources.



Undertakes ongoing liaison with local DPI officers, Local Council, Police and other relevant agencies (once contact has been made by the SDO). It is recommended that a joint working group be established quickly to assist with risk management and overall incident control.

LS14. Response Operations

In the event of an apparent shark attack, the following procedure should be undertaken:



Is to assess the risk factors involved and determine what nearby beaches should be closed; this decision may need to be made in consultation with the Joint Working Group;



Consider the need for counselling if personnel have been involved in the treatment of severe injuries, etc.



At the completion of the Incident, strongly consider a Debriefing process.

State Duty Officer (SDO): 

Contact the SLSNSW Manager, Lifesaving Services or Manager, Australian Lifeguard Service (NSW). Continue to provide regular updates.



Ensure that the Rescue Coordinator at the relevant VKG Radio Communication Centre has been advised.



Ensure that the local Council has been advised. This may be done via the Manager, Australian Lifeguard Service (NSW) or the Council‟s Lifeguard Service (where it is provided in-house).

Media Liaison The Manager, Lifesaving Services or the Manager, Australian Lifeguard Service (NSW) will notify the SLSNSW Media and Communications Officer. All media queries, releases and statements relating to shark attacks must be referred to Media and Communications Officer or the delegated spokesperson. Media statements should be initiated in consultation with the NSW Police Force and the NSW Department of Primary Industries. SLSNSW and /or the Australian Lifeguard Service may initiate a Beach Safety Warning in consultation with the regional Duty Officer.

LS14. Response Operations

Re-opening beaches after a shark attack The decision to re-open beaches after a shark attack should be decision made by the joint working group. This group comprises relevant stakeholders, particularly the DPI. It is strongly recommended that the beach where the attack occurred should remain closed for, at least, the following day proceeding the attack. If there is no lifesaving service on duty, the Branch Duty Officer / Lifeguard Supervisor should ensure that signage remains in place and regular monitoring is undertaken. When deciding to re-open beaches, a risk management approach needs to be undertaken and all risk factors (as outlined above) need to be reviewed. If risk factors remain high, beaches should remain closed and a Beach Safety Warning be updated and issued. Signage remains in place until such time beaches are reopened. Prior to re-opening the beach/s, it is strongly recommended that a thorough search of the beach is made through the use of powercraft and aircraft to confirm that there are no further sightings of sharks in the area. Ensure the SDO is advised upon re-opening of beaches.

Further Resources: SOP LS 15.6 Shark Control Program SOP LS 15.21 Emergency Closure of Beaches SOP LS 16.1 Media SOP LS 16.2 Major Incident Debriefing Consultation:

LS14. Response Operations

This Standard Operating Procedure was developed in consultation with the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the Curator of the Australian Shark Attack File.

SHARK CONTROL PROGRAM No: LS 14.6 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 3

Purpose This document provides information relating to the recognition of and the overcoming of risks associated with deployment of a shark control program into the region of operations. This policy aims to:-

Help identify existing and potential health and safety issues.

-

Raise the overall awareness of hazard identification and risk reduction.

-

Assist in establishing risk management procedures.

The Shark Control Program The NSW Department of Primary Industries shark control program consists of placing equipment which consists of nets, which are used according to the location of the beach, its environment, sea bed topography or local sea conditions.

LS14. Response Operations

Shark control equipment is aimed at limiting the contact between sharks and humans. Sharks are not prevented from entering a protected area; however the positioning of shark control equipment is believed to limit the presence of large sharks that may be a threat to humans. SLSNSW supports the shark control program through the NSW Shark Safety Plan. SLSNSW is the author of the NSW Shark Safety plan and the SLSNSW Operations Manager (Lifesaving and Education) monitor issues relating to the shark control program across the state and make suggestions on the future direction of the program with the DPI. Definitions For the purposes of this document the term shark control program encompasses all equipment deployed by the NSW Department of Primary Industries, equipment at this time includes shark nets. Rogue equipment is the term used to describe equipment from the shark control program including, but not restricted to, nets, lines, buoys and hooks that has moved from its site, in particular if the equipment is in a location that may present a hazard to people.

"Rogue" Equipment In the event of "rogue" equipment being identified the following procedures shall be followed:

Undertake „Emergency Closing of Water Areas Procedure‟



Do not move or retrieve the equipment.



SurfCom (or similar) is to contact the SLSNSW Duty Officer, who will call the DPI Shark Incident Officer.



Record as much detail regarding the equipment as possible.

Entrapment of non-target species From time to time other types of marine life may get caught in the shark control equipment. In the event of any non-target species being identified as caught in the shark control equipment and still alive the following procedures may be applied: 1. In the first instance the SLSNSW Duty Officer is to be contacted. He/she will be responsible for contacting the NSW DPI Shark Incident Officer



Control of the procedure is under the NSW Department of Primary Industries



Only animals that are alive are to be released.



A live animal trapped in a drum line and not penetrated by a hook may be released.



If a net is cut or damaged in any way while releasing an animal, contact the DPI so that the net can be repaired ASAP.



The set position of any fishing apparatus must not be altered in any way.



Only suitably qualified and competent lifesaving Personnel should participate in operations involving IRBs, RWC‟s, JRB‟s or ORBs. The occupants of any vessel are generally advised to remain within the confines of the hull when attempting to remove an animal.



Notify the NSW DPI (through SurfCom) of the release of the animal and give details of the following:       

Type of fishing apparatus animal released from Location of fishing apparatus Species of animal and/or description Released alive or dead If tagged, the tag number If meshed in a net the location of in the net (inside = nearest the beach / outside = offshore of the net) Any damage to fishing apparatus

LS14. Response Operations

In the rare case the NSW DPI may request for assistance from Surf Life Saving. The following procedures must be followed:

Animals Coming Ashore -

In the event of any dead sharks that come ashore contact the SLSNSW State Duty Officer who shall liaise with the NSW DPI Shark Incident Officer

-

In the event of any live or dead animals (specifically turtles, whales, dolphins, seals and dugongs) that come ashore contact the NSW Marine Parks.

Personal Safety At all times safety to Lifesaving personnel and the public is to be considered the priority, while concern for the animal is warranted no actions should be taken that may expose the operators or the public to risk of injury. Further Advice and Information

LS14. Response Operations

If you require further advice or assistance please contact Surf Life Saving NSW.

TSUNAMI WARNING No: LS 14.7 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 1

Purpose It is the purpose of this SOP to outline optimal response to a Tsunami warning/event. Policy In the event of a Tsunami the SLSNSW Tsunami Response Plan shall be located and

LS14. Response Operations

followed. All actions will be under the control of the State Duty Officer through the SES.

FLU PANDEMIC (Department of Health Declared) No: LS 14.8 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 1

Purpose It is the purpose of this SOP to outline optimal response to a Flu Pandemic (Overseas 6, Australian 6a, b, c, d – ADOH) outbreak in Australia.

in the event of a Flu Pandemic, the SLSNSW Flu Pandemic Response Plan shall be located and followed. All actions undertaken will be under the control of the State

LS14. Response Operations

Duty Officer through the NSW Department of Health and NSW Police Service

AIRCRAFT CRASH No: LS 14.9 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 2

Purpose To provide guidelines and special consideration for lifesaving personnel responding to an aircraft crash incident. Procedure Lifesaving service response to an Aircraft Crash incident aligns with standard SLSA Training relating to in-water search & rescue and/or land based first aid treatment, emergency care. The possible number of injured/lost patients requires the response of a significant quantity of Lifesaving resources, Rescue Helicopters, Ambulance, Fire and Police resources ASAP. Considerations 

Personal Safety

Plane Crash incidents can pose hazards to Lifesaving Services that require specific consideration, such as: - Fuel - Fire / smoke / gas hazards - Sharps (Glass / Metal) Communication / Support Requested - Contact SurfCom immediately and inform of incident details - Request additional Lifesaving Services and emergency services. 

Site marking

The submersion of an aircraft may require Lifesaving Services to mark the location via the use of buoys etc. Interpretation of currents/drift may be required to identify search areas. Marker dye may be suitable for such. 

Triage Centres

Lifesaving Services Personnel may be requested to assist with the establishment of a Triage Treatment centre either within a surf club and or adjacent areas.

LS14. Response Operations



Aircraft Crashes into Water When an aircraft crashes into the water the risk of fire is reduced but fuel floating on the surface of the water can ignite. Large water jets can be used to break up floating fuel and reduce fire risk. When the aircraft is floating after a crash, care should be taken to ensure buoyancy is not disturbed. Survivors should be evacuated smoothly and quickly before the aircraft can fill and sink. If there is some time before the aircraft sinks, divers can sometimes rescue persons trapped in the air pockets within the fuselage. Precautions when dealing with crashed aircraft

LS14. Response Operations

Although the risk of igniting fuel on the water surface is low, every precaution should be taken to prevent such an event. This may even include turning off the motors to prevent any possibility of ignition. If crew members are required to enter the water, they should be protected against the effects of the fuel. This includes wearing a wetsuit, a Gath helmet and a mask. The effects of fuel are to irritate the skin and especially any mucus membranes. Women should be especially careful when entering fuel contaminated water. When the crew re-boards the boat, they should be thoroughly washed down with copious amounts of fresh water and then shower as soon as possible. Wetsuits should also be thoroughly cleaned to prevent damage.

COASTAL FLOODING No: LS 14.10 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 1

Purpose It is the purpose of this SOP to outline response guidelines to a Coastal Flooding event. Reference State Emergency Service www.ses.nsw.gov.au/

Policy Statement Maximise the safety of personnel, while best maintaining the ability to conduct search and rescue activities under direction of the Police and/or SES. General Local Response Procedure 

If during patrol hours – close patrolled area and evacuate members of the public from the area.



Evacuate personnel and key equipment as necessary from high risk areas under



Evacuate members and key operational equipment to pre-determined safe location (rally point)



Await advice / updates from SurfCom/Police/SES



Undertake to search and rescue activities – as requested by the Police

LS14. Response Operations

advisement of the Police / SES.

HANGING / SUICIDE No: LS 14.11 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 2

Purpose To provide response guidelines and considerations regarding suicide incidents. General Principles The following general principles apply to Lifesaving Services response to a hanging/ suicide incident: Patients shall be treated as per SLSA training (search / rescue / first aid), unless it is apparent that the person is deceased and beyond treatment. In which case Body Retrieval guidelines apply:  

LS14. Response Operations

 

 

The body should be disturbed as little as possible SurfCom should be notified immediately and the Police and SLSNSW Duty Officer informed via them Isolate the area Consider: a. Young / inexperienced Lifesaving personnel (minimise exposure) b. Members of the public c. Relatives / friends d. The deceased person Note important details: times, location, etc Keep any witnesses close to scene or take contact details

Recovery On Land  Assess the situation  If body must be moved note any details and keep as close as possible to the original site In Water  Assess the situation  If necessary ensure the body is retrieved above waterline  Minimise direct contact with the body  If no recovery is possible then mark or note location and, if possible, maintain contact / sight of the body

Safety All normal hazards associated with search and rescue operations are present in a body recovery. It is not appropriate to risk life, injury or equipment damage in body retrieval operations. The risk of infection is increased and the use of gloves is highly recommended. Personnel involved in operational activities should be aware of the available counselling services that aid in maintaining psychological health. Transport Arrangements The arrangements for transporting for the deceased person will normally be the responsibility of the Police Service. Lifesaving resources may be requested to assist in this task (especially in remote areas). This should not interfere with the safety and rescue tasks of the Lifesaving Service.

LS14. Response Operations

SEE ALSO: Body Retrieval

ROCK RESCUES No: LS 14.12 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2006

Page: 1 of 3

Overview When working near rocks, consideration should be given to protective uniform/equipment.     

Helmet (Gath) Full wetsuit Booties Gloves Fins

Rock entries 1.

Preparing to enter

When approaching the rock platform, search for the point with the easiest access. This will be:  

Least swell Smoothly sloping edge (not always, as a sloping platform into the water may create a diving hazard, or a wave wash effect (up on to the rocks). Protected channels



Key points are:   LS14. Response Operations

      

2.

Assess the platform before moving onto it Ideally have tried/tested contingency plans for the rock area (if a local spot) – jump off/jump on spots Deep water (assured) No rock hazards / shallow water Dive onto the top of incoming swell Always facing the swell – never turn your back to it Move quickly, move with commitment Don‟t hesitate Do not enter where the surf is at your front and rocks/cliffs at your back (squash zone) – enter to the side if able, with the surf coming in at your 9 o‟clock or 3 o‟clock

Entry     

Don fins before jumping Wait for a smaller wave set Move in a fast but control fashion to the rock edge Wait for the wave to rise up and jump onto the top of the swell/wave Dive smart

In water rescue When approaching, duck dive under swells as you would at the beach. Be aware the surge may be very powerful. Do not catch waves. 1.

Person stranded on rocks  Can the person we secure/transported to land without reentering the water?  If not, is the person in a position to be safely transported to an IRB or RWC?  If not, is the person in a position to be winched by helicopter?  If not then the person may need to re-enter the water to swim the patient to a IRB/RWC or to the beach (last resort only)  If possible land on the rocks and secure the patient  Brief the patient on the action to be taken

2.

Person in water  Secure patient  Attempt to swim patient away from rocks and/or back to a safe beach landing spot and/or in a location to be picked up by an IRB or RWC.

Rock exits 1.

Identifying safe exit area  Behind rocks / in-lee of incoming waves. Do not exit with your back to the waves.  Consider swash/bounce effect of waves bouncing off other rocks cliffs and providing a safer boost from the water  A rock area with natural stairs or a shelf that you can be safely lifted onto  A rock platform that has a safe and rapid path of withdrawal away from the surf Preparing to exit  Wait for a smaller wave set / lull  Swim to the rock platform – float next to it, with hands touching rocks

3.

Exit and withdraw  As a small surge comes in, swim up onto the rocks and achieve a foothold/hand hold quickly  As surge withdraws leaving you dry on the rocks, stand and move away from the red-zone quickly

4.

Safe exit eject

If the wave being used to propel one self onto the rocks is to strong or if no foothold/handhold is able to be obtained:  Push away from the rocks  Cover the head/face with both arms and assume the fetal position  Signal your condition following to other lifeguards

LS14. Response Operations

2.

LS14. Response Operations

5.

Key safety points  Always keep an eye on the surf. Never turn your back  If caught out on a rock ledge, turn away from the incoming surf spread your stance and bend down

MARINE POLLUTION No: LS 14.13 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 2

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines relating to the responsibilities of reporting marine pollution. In addition to the environmental risks associated with marine pollution there is a potential for risk to the community that includes:  The health risks associated with potentially poisons substances.  The potential threat of fire or explosion. National Plan Awareness The „National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and other Noxious and Hazardous Substances’ from the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (National Plan) operational responses are based on a tiered arrangement. Oil spill response is graded on volume, with chemical spill response determined by the type of chemical and its potential impact on the environment and human health. Chart 1. – National Plan Tiered Approach to Pollution of the Sea CHEMICAL

tier 1, small local spills, less than 10 tonnes. Such incidents are usually associated with ship transfer or bunkering operations at a jetty, pier or mooring, and around waterside storage tanks.

level 1, potential emergency condition. A chemical incident that can be contained and responded to within the boundaries of a vessel, berth or small geographical area and having no impact outside the operational area.

tier 2, medium spill, 10 to 1000 tonnes, near or at some distance from operational centres. These incidents are typically associated with shipping incidents in ports or harbours, estuaries or coastal waters, but could be from pipelines, tank failures or near shore exploration and production operations.

level 2, limited emergency condition. A chemical incident that can be contained and responded to within the boundaries of a vessel, berth or small geographical area, but large enough to have a significant impact on the environment or human health.

tier 3, large spill, greater than 1000 tonnes. This covers major incidents, normally involving oil tankers or other vessels having large amounts of bunker oil.

level 3, full emergency condition. An incident which induces a national, regional and local response and having a major probability of causing severe environmental and/or human health problems.

LS14. Response Operations

OIL

Each State and Territory Government: a. has the legislated responsibility to ensure that there is an effective response to oil pollution incidents in their waters. b. is also required to develop, review, coordinate and administer a Marine Pollution Contingency Plan in consultation with their respective Environment Protection Agency. Actions on Identifying Marine Pollution As Per “Emergency Closure of Beaches” Plus:

Provide assistance to NSW Maritime / DPI Officers as instructed



SurfCom to contact the Duty Officer and the State Duty Officer (who will advise appropriate authorities - Environment Protection Agency, National Marine Safety Authority, Department of Primary Industries).

Reporting Witnesses to pollution being discharged from any vessel or noticing oil or chemical pollution should contact SurfCom, who will contact the State Duty Officer, who will then contact the NSW Maritime or Environment Protection Authority. The information that should be provided includes:  When and where the pollution occurred  The type of discharge or a description of the product  The extent (area covered)  Name of the vessel or other source  Any other relevant information

LS14. Response Operations

Alternatively, contact the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA).

PUBLIC ORDER INCIDENT No: LS 14.14 Section: LS 14 Date: 1st September 2010

Page: 1 of 3

Purpose To define the procedures when a disturbance (such as an altercation) occurs at a beach during patrol hours. Introduction It is possible that an altercation may take place adjacent to patrol areas. Members are to ensure that their own personal safety and that of any members in their charge. Procedure: Notification of Surfcom  

Surfcom is to be notified immediately whenever a Public Order Incident occurs. Surfcom is to make a full and accurate record in the log.

Notification of the Police  

Upon receipt that a Public Order Incident is occurring, Surfcom is required to contact the police and pass this information on to them. Normal notification is via 000.

 

Surfcom is to notify neighbouring clubs of the situation (if applicable). Additional resources should only be sent to the incident if they are requested by the Patrol Captain or a Duty Officer. Duty Officers must be notified and a Duty Officer must attend (if applicable).

Rescues 

In the event of a rescue, consideration should be given to taking any patients to an adjacent beach. Normal protocols in regards to the safety of the patients and rescuers are important, e.g. surf conditions, unstable condition of patient, etc.

Altercations   

If there is likely to be an altercation near patrol members, all members are to leave the beach with two members remaining at a vantage point to monitor the bathing public (if it is safe to do so). The members are to proceed to the club rooms until the disturbance has subsided. Surfcom must be advised of this. Any Radio, First Aid and Oxygen equipment etc. is to be removed from the beach.

LS14. Response Operations

Notification of other Lifesaving Services



Every effort is to be taken to ensure that young or inexperienced members are protected and do not become involved.

Roving Patrols  

In the event that at the time the patrol are leaving the beach, there is a roving patrol being undertaken by members of the patrol; the Patrol Captain is to radio the roving members and advise them of the situation. The roving patrol members are to either proceed to a nearby club or not return to the location of the disturbance until they are advised that it is safe to do so.

IRB  If an IRB is signed on, the IRB driver and crew are to patrol the beach from the water. The IRB must be equipped with a radio. Interaction with Offenders  Members are to avoid becoming involved in any form of interaction with people causing a disturbance on the beach. Have no verbal communication with them and avoid eye contact if possible.  If members are harassed, leave the area and make sure that you stay with experienced members. Ensure Surfcom has called the Police.  At no time should a member communicate with any person who is harassing or intimidating them. Injuries and Rescues  If any person is injured or requires to be rescued from the water, including offenders, normal First Aid and rescue procedures are to be provided as long as it is safe to do so.

LS14. Response Operations

Post Incident: 

Complete an incident report form (take particular care to complete the narrative as thoroughly as possible and state the nature of the incident).



Where physical abuse has been suffered, the Police should have been contacted immediately.



Remain calm and follow other SLSNSW procedures including, Incident Reporting, Media and Notification of Incidents.

LOST/MISSING PERSONS No: LS 14.15 Section: LS 14 Date: 20th August 2007

Page: 1 of 3

Purpose To ensure lifesaving personnel use correct procedures when a missing person is reported, this guideline provides some principles on which to base a response. Definitions A lost person: is where a family member, friend or guardian approaches the Lifesaving Personnel and reports a person missing. A found person: is where the Lifesaving Personnel either: 

Is approached by a member of public who has lost their group,



Comes across someone who appears distressed and lost, or



When a member of public finds the child/person and hands them over to Lifesaving personnel.

Procedure Lifesaving personnel should prioritise information gathering before declaring the type of response follow a series of escalating procedures to handle lost and found persons. Action

1

Information Gathering

2

Type of Search Declared

3

Assistance Requested / Incident Reported

4

Initial Search Conducted

5

Person Not Located / Advise Police

6

Coordinated Search: Under External Agency

Details 0 – 2 Minutes In-Water or Land Based Via SurfCom With on-site assets Via SurfCom With other emergency services

LS14. Response Operations

Serial

Information Gathering In all search incidents, it is imperative that the following information is collected and recorded on paper.     



Name Age Sex Clothing General Description (size/weight/race)

     

Location last seen Activity being undertaken Floatation devices? Likelihood of being in the water Swimming ability Missing persons site on the beach (where their clothes/possessions are)

It is imperative that the informant is retained with the Lifesaving Service for the duration of the search.

Declaring an In-Water Search Incidents where persons are missing in the surf or believed to be missing in the surf require an immediate, coordinated and methodical response by Lifesaving Personnel. An In-Water Search should be declared by the Patrol Captain/Senior Lifeguard under the following circumstances: 

Lifesaving Personnel witnessed submersion – while under surveillance or in the

LS14. Response Operations

process of rescuing 

Public communicated missing person – last seen in water



Public communicated missing person – believed to be in the water



Public communicated missing infant/child (