ELECTRONIC BRAILLE DOCUMENT READER

ELECTRONIC BRAILLE DOCUMENT READER SAFIA NAZIRA BINTI MEZAN UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA PSZ 19:16 (Pind. 1/07) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DE...
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ELECTRONIC BRAILLE DOCUMENT READER

SAFIA NAZIRA BINTI MEZAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

PSZ 19:16 (Pind. 1/07)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author’s full name

:

SAFIA NAZIRA BINTI MEZAN

Date of birth

:

8 AUGUST 1991

Title

:

ELECTRONIC BRAILLE DOCUMENT READER

Academic Session

:

2013-2014

I declare that this thesis is classified as :

CONFIDENTIAL

(Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)*

RESTRICTED

(Contains restricted information as specified by the organisation where research was done)*

OPEN ACCESS

I agree that my thesis to be published as online open access (full text)

I acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows : 1. The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only. 3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange. Certified by :

SIGNATURE

910808105714_ ___ I (NEW IC NO. /PASSPORT NO.) Date : 22th June 2014

SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR

DR NASRUL HUMAIMI BIN MAHMOOD NAME OF SUPERVISOR

Date : 22th June 2014

NOTES : * If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please attach with the letter from the organisation with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction.

“I hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion this thesis is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Medical Electronics)”

Signature

: ................................................................

Name of Supervisor

: DR NASRUL HUMAIMI BIN MAHMOOD

Date

: 22th June 2014

ELECTRONIC BRAILLE DOCUMENT READER

SAFIA NAZIRA BINTI MEZAN

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Medical Electronics)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

JUNE 2014

ii

I declare that this thesis entitled “Electronic Braille Document Reader” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree

Signature

: ..............................................

Name

: SAFIA NAZIRA BINTI MEZAN

Date

: 22th June 2014

iii

To my beloved families, friends and lecturer

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In preparing this thesis, I was being guided and assisted by many individuals, friends, and academicians. They have helped me a lot regarding my understanding and knowledges. In particular, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Nasrul Humaimi Mahmood for his guidance, assistance and encouragement to me for completing this project.

I want to thank my classmates for their ideas and guidance until the objectives of this project were achieved successfully. Without their help, this project may not be completed.

Last but not least, I want to thank to my mom and dad, which are Siti Salasiah Binti Mohd. Isa and Mezan Bin Kassim for contributing financial support during my studies. Probably, because of their prayers, I was able to finish and complete this project. I am very grateful to all my family members.

v

ABSTRACT

The sense of sight is a major sense which enables us to function as we do with ease. The visually impaired individuals are not as fortunate. To help them read, they use a tactile reading system called Braille, which consists of a matrix of dots raised in different combination to represent characters. Nowadays, there are many devices that can help them to read. However, the main obstacles are the prices are expensive and the sizes are bulky. This project looks into a new design which may help the visually impaired individuals to read Braille text. Two main parts of this project are the software and hardware design. The software design works to read each character of a text and convert them to Braille patterns. The hardware design works to actuates Braille patterns onto an array of dots. The proposed device permitting numerous E-books to be saved in a portable memory device. A prototype was developed to prove that the Braille text could be read by actuating Braille patterns on a finger. The device reads text from a micro-SD card, translated each character of the text into the Braille patterns, for which the visually impaired individuals may feel comfortable while reading Braille text. The evaluation of the device after made a survey confirmed that more than 50% of the respondents agreed the useful of the Electronic Braille Document Reader (EDBR). The results proved that the Braille text could be read from a single Braille cell by the patterns actuating on a finger instead of the conventional methods.

vi

ABSTRAK

Deria penglihatan adalah deria rasa yang membolehkan kita berfungsi untuk melakukan aktiviti seharian dengan mudah. Individu yang cacat penglihatan tidak begitu bernasib baik. Untuk membantu mereka membaca, mereka menggunakan sistem bacaan sentuhan dipanggil Braille, yang terdiri daripada matriks titik timbul dalam kombinasi yang berbeza untuk mewakili aksara. Pada masa kini, terdapat banyak alat yang boleh membantu mereka untuk membaca. Walau bagaimanapun, halangan utama adalah harganya yang mahal dan saiznya yang besar. Projek ini mencadangkan reka bentuk baru yang boleh membantu mereka yang cacat penglihatan untuk membaca teks Braille. Dua bahagian utama projek ini adalah reka bentuk perisian dan perkakasan. Fungsi reka bentuk perisian adalah untuk membaca setiap aksara teks dan menukarnya kepada corak Braille. Fungsi reka bentuk perkakasan adalah untuk menggerakkan corak Braille ke pelbagai corak titik. Peranti yang dicadangkan membenarkan banyak E-buku untuk disimpan dalam peranti memori mudah alih. Prototaip telah dicipta untuk membuktikan bahawa teks Braille boleh dibaca dengan meletakkan jari pada penggerak corak Braille. Peranti ini membaca teks dari kad mikro-SD, menterjemahkan setiap karakter teks kepada corak Braille, yang mana mereka yang cacat penglihatan boleh berasa selesa ketika membaca teks Braille. Penilaian terhadap peranti mengesahkan praktikal Elektronic Braille Document Reader (EDBR). Keputusan membuktikan bahawa teks Braille boleh dibaca dari sel Braille tunggal dengan meletakkan jari pada corak penggerak berbeza daripada kaedah konvensional.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

1

2

TITLE

PAGE

DECLARATION

ii

DEDICATION

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iv

ABSTRACT

v

ABSTRAK

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

vii

LIST OF TABLES

x

LIST OF FIGURES

xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES

xiv

INTRODUCTION

1

1.1

Resarch Background

1

1.2

Problem Statement

3

1.3

Objectives of Study

4

1.4

Scopes of Study

5

1.5

Thesis Outlines

6

LITERATURE REVIEW

7

2.1

Introduction

7

2.2

Components Applied In The Project

8

2.2.1 Relays

8

2.2.2 Arduino Microcontroller

8

viii

2.3

2.4

2.2.3 MicroSD Breakoutboard

9

Product Available On the Market

11

2.3.1 Refreshable Braille Display

11

2.3.2 Speech Synthesizers

12

2.3.3 Piezoelectric Motor

12

Related Research

13

2.4.1

14

Core-Free Rolled Actuators For Braille Displays Using Electrostrictive P(VDF-Trfe-CFE) Terpolymer

2.4.2 Nithinol Wire

15

2.4.3 A microelectromechanical low cost

15

Braille for blind people to communicate with blind or deaf-blind people through SMS subsystem 2.4.4 Nematic Opto-Mechanical Actuators For

16

The Fabrication Of Refreshable Tactile Systems 2.4.5 New Type Electromagnetic Drive for Braille

17

Screen

3

4

5

METHODOLOGY

18

3.1

Software Design

18

3.2

Hardware Design

22

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

31

4.1

Arduino

31

4.2

Actuators

32

4.3

System Testing

34

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

41

5.1

41

Introduction

ix

6

5.2

Project Schedule

41

5.3

Cost Estimation

43

CONCLUSION

45

6.1

Conclusion

45

6.2

Further Work

45

REFERENCES Appendices A-B

46 48 - 56

x

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. 3.1

TITLE Connection of components with Arduino Uno

PAGE 29

microcontroller 4.1

EDBR spells the text “i love utm”

33

5.1

Project Gantt Chart

42

5.2

Cost Estimation

43

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

TITLE

PAGE

1.1

Uncontracted (Grade 1) Braille

3

1.2

Some words and abbreviations used in

3

Contracted (Grade 2) Braille 1.3

Block diagram of Electronic Braille Document

5

Reader 2.1

Arduino Uno Board

9

2.2

MicroSD Breakout Board with header

10

2.3

MicroSD Card with adapter

10

2.4

Focus 80 Blue Wireless Braille Display

12

2.5

Squiggle motor

13

2.6

Braille cell

14

2.7

Final actuator design

15

2.8

Principle construction of the studied actuator

17

3.1

Software flow code diagram

19

3.2

6-dot Braille format

20

3.3

8-dot Braille format

20

3.4

Main code

21

3.5

SRS-05VDC relay

23

3.6

Relays after the outer layer removal

24

3.7

A single assembled actuator

24

3.8

A full assembled actuator

25

3.9

Final configuration of the device

26

3.10

Different view of the device

27

3.11

Circuit diagram of the device

28

xii 3.12

The schematic diagram of the device

30

4.1

The text “i love utm” was saved inside the

32

satu.txt file 4.2

Serial monitor outputs

32

4.3

Result for Question 1

35

4.4

Result for Question 2

36

4.5

Result for Question 3

37

4.6

Result for Question 4

38

4.7

Result for Question 5

39

4.8

Result for Question 6

40

xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

EDBR

-

Electronic Braille Document Reader

LED

-

Light Emitting Diode

CMOS

-

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

AVR

-

Advanced Virtual RISC

PWM

-

Pulse Width Modulation

AC

-

Alternating Current

DC

-

Direct Current

MHz

-

Mega Hertz

USB

-

Universal Serial Bus

ICSP

-

In Circuit Serial Programming

SD

-

Secure Digital

V

-

Voltage

VDC

-

Volts Direct Current

xiv

LIST OF APPPENDICES

APPENDIX

TITLE

PAGE

A

Braille Pattern

48

B

Arduino Codes

56

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Research Background

Human has been awarded by the god pair of eyes as the organ of vision. The human eyes play important roles for human in their everyday life. It is a very important organ, which gives us the sensation of vision, and it has given humans interact with the surrounding life more clearly along with four other human senses. In our daily lives, we use the eyes for doing everyday activities such as reading, writing, driving a car, cooking, rock climbing and more. Therefore, each of us will agree that the eye is a very important organ that God has given to human.

According to the International Classification of Disease, four levels of visual function are normal vision, moderate visual impairment, severe visual impairment and blindness. The term “low vision” are the group for moderate visual impairment combined with severe visual impairment. All visual impairments are the group of low vision together with blindness.

2 At some point in life, many individuals will experience vision problems. Objects located far not yet clearly visible. Severe or total loss of visual sensation can happen if some or more parts of the eye or the brains that are needed to process images became diseased or damaged. In such cases, the ability to view may no longer be fully cured and restored with surgery, medical treatment, corrective lenses like contact lenses or eyeglasses. The term "visual impairment" described any kind of sight loss, including someone who has partial and full sight loss. Someone might lose their eyesight if they experienced any injury such as getting hit on the head or eye. Visual impairment may also occur in some babies who have congenital blindness at birth [1].

Individuals with visual impairments read by using a special format. It is called Braille system. The writing code is well known as braille is derived from the name of Frenchman, Louis Braille who built the system when he was only 16 years old [2]. He created the system code as an effort to modify the night writing communication method based on raised, which was developed by Capt. Charles Barbier. Barbier was a French army officer who created the code for the needs of Napoleon's demand. Napoleon tried to offer the French soldiers in the battlefield with the capability to communicate silently at night without light. Braille is a system with a series of raised dots, which can be read by actuating fingers on the dots. Thing that we need to constantly keep in mind is that Braille is not a language, but is a code by which languages such as English and Malay may be read and written. Braille cell is formed within units of distance as a Braille symbol. A full braille cell is a combination of six raised dots arranged in two parallel rows where each row has three dots. The position of dots is identified by the number one to six. By using one or more six dots, sixty-four combinations are possibly formed. An alphabet letter, number, punctuation mark, or even a whole word can be formed by one single Braille cell. There are several grades of the Braille system. Grade 1 Braille [3] as shown in Figure 1.1 expresses every letter of every word in braille. Presently, there is limited books or other reading materials are transcribed in Grade 1 braille. Today, most reading materials, books and publications are transcribed in Grade 2 braille format, which as shown in Figure 1.2. The Braille cells for this system are used singly or

3 combine with other cells to form a variety of patterns or whole words. Normally, Braille text is being embossed on a special grade paper by the experienced sighted individuals. Advancement in technology nowadays had produced the electronic Braille, which is more portable, sophisticated and multifunction, which give so much ease to the needs.

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

1.2

Uncontracted (Grade 1) Braille.

Some words and abbreviations used in Contracted (Grade 2) Braille.

Problem Statement

Braille system consists of a matrix of dots raised in various combinations to represent characters. Visually impaired individuals use this tactile reading system to read text.

4

According to the conventional and the most popular method, the visually impaired individual read Braille text from the embossed paper grade. Unfortunately, the need for embossing the Braille text onto the special paper grade cause Braille books to be quite heavy and bulky. Currently, the books translated into Braille are limited in publication. Audio books have also been published in the current issue, but it does not cover the various fields of knowledge and reading. Besides Braille books, the blinds may also use speech synthesizers. Speech synthesizers are used to read out text, which is displayed on a computer screen. Sometimes, the monotonous and artificial voice causes the user‟s hard to understand the spoken sound and often cause discomfort and unpleasing to the ears. Other than that, listen to a speech synthesizer and at the same time listen to a surrounding speech makes it difficult. Dictaphones are the ideal and a great device for quick note taking. However, it is not appropriate to use it during specific situations, such as when attending meetings as talking into a dictaphone during the meeting was lacked of appropriate and private action. Technology to read the Braille text of the most recent in the market is Refreshable Braille Displays. This device substitutes a computer screen with a device containing usually one line of refreshable Braille cells, which actuate to form the text outputted from the computer. The main drawback of this device is the expensive price and relatively large size. Generally, there is a clear need for a new idea of design for a device which may overcome all the deficiencies of the available devices.

1.3

Objectives of Study

The objectives of this project are first to design a device that may help the visually impaired person to read Braille text. The second objective is to evaluate the new design to read Braille text that can improve the weakness of existing devices on the market.

5 1.4

Scopes of Study

In this project, there are two systems of design to be taken into consideration. First is the software design which serves to read each character of the text which has been saved in the micro-SD card and convert each of the characters into Braille pattern. Arduino Uno is selected as the microcontroller because the ease and simplicity of coding, abundant resource guide, and it provides enough required input-output to develop this device. Second is the hardware design which serves to actuate the Braille pattern for each character. The important part of this hardware design is the actuator design. The actuators are being operated by relays. One relay will operate for one dot of Braille cell. The block diagram of Electronic Braille Document Reader is shown in Figure 1.3.

Text Input Memory Card

Figure 1.3

Braille Pattern MicroController

Actuator Braille Cell

Block diagram of Electronic Braille Document Reader.

6 1.5

Thesis Outlines

This thesis consists of six major titles. The first title describes the research background, problem statement and Objectives of study. Specific terms, such as Braille and visually impaired individuals were described in this topic.

The second topic was discussed in detail about the products that already available in the market for analysis. Besides, some of the research paper related to this device were analysed and clarified under this topic.

The third topic is about the methodology of the research project. It gives a detailed explanation of how the device developed. Two main components of this topic are software design and hardware design.

The fourth title that describes the result and discussion. Output produced is analyzed and given a more detailed explanation. The device has been tested by some respondents to give ratings that can help in the improvement of the project.

The fifth title is about project management. Gantt chart and cost estimation table were shown and explained in this section.

The last topic provides overall conclusions and recommendations about the improvements that can be applied to this project in the future.

CHAPTER 2

LTERATURE REVIEW

2.1

Introduction

This part of a literature review explains three main sections. First section introduces the materials, and components applied in this project. Second section introduces the product available on the market. Third section introduces the material which being surveyed to make the suitable actuators and the latest devices which have been developed but still under research.

2.2

Components Applied In The Project

Three important components applied in this project are a relay, an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a microSD breakout board.

8 2.2.1

Relays

A relay is constructed with four primary elements, which are a winding, a magnetic core, an armature, a spring, and contacts [4]. A combination of the winding and magnetic core will produce a magnetic field. The magnetic system is used to convert input electric current to a mechanical power needed for a contact closure. The contact system converts the mechanical power back to the electric signal. The insulation system acts as a very important part of the relay. It provides a galvanic isolation of the input circuit (winding) from output one (contacts) [5]. An input signal at the relay input and the output signal at the relay output are different. They are completely insulated from each other electrically. A contact system is the essential component of the relay. Basically, it consists of current-conducting elements, contact straps and a stop [6]. Current-conducting elements are made of elastic materials such as a rule, beryllium bronze or phosphor bronze. It provides necessary contact pressure current supply to contacting surfaces. Contact straps are built from a high electrically conductive material and high resistance to electric erosion. They are soldered or welded on by silver solder to current-conducting springs. Contact straps are usually made in the form of rivets or pins.

2.2.2

Arduino Microcontroller

Arduino is a microcontroller with a wide-source electronics prototyping platform [7]. It is designed

with user-friendly hardware and simple-to-understand software.

Arduino comes with many benefits to users. It can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors. More, it can

interact with its surroundings by

controlling lights, motors, and other actuators [8]. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino development environment(based on Processing) and the Arduino programming language(based on Wiring). Any projects which use the Arduino

9 microcontroller to be adapted inside their system construction can either be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on a computer [9].

Specifically, Arduino Uno as shown in Figure 2.1 is a suitable microcontroller to be applied in this project. It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 [10]. The ATmega328

is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR

architecture [11]. It is equipped with four digital input/output pins (of which 6 of the pins can be used as PWM outputs), six analogue inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Two ways to power it on are either connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery.

(a)

Figure 2.1

2.2.3

(b)

Arduino Uno Board: (a) Front view and (b) Backside view.

MicroSD Breakout Board

Micro SD breakout board as shown in Figure 2.2 serves as a removable storage for data logging, and projects related with video, audio, graphics and others. It is an important component to be applied in this project.

10

Figure 2.2

MicroSD Breakout Board with header.

Data logging, graphics, video or audio, require a relatively large storage. Therefore, the SD or microSD card as shown in Figure 2.3 with smaller size, which capable of store gigabytes of data is very practical to be applied.

Figure 2.3

micoSD Card With Adapter.

The board requires 3V-5V power supply to operate and may read and write up to 2Gb of storage. In this project, 0.1 " of a header is used together with the board to attach

11 them with the donutboard. In addition, this microSD breakout board was produced with practical features to be use with the Arduino microcontroller. To use it with an Arduino, the GND pin of this board is connected to the ground pin of Arduino, 5V to 5V, CLK to pin 13, DO to pin 12 to pin 11 DI, and CS to pin 10. SDfatLib is the library built with various functions, which support the FAT and FAT32 SD. The library is available via open source and used in the project code.

2.3

Products Available on The Market

Three products that available on the market have been surveyed for further analysis. The products include a Refreshable Braille Display, speech synthesizer, and piezoelectric motor.

2.3.1

Refreshable Braille Display

The advancement in technology has provided convenience to the disabled. Refreshable Braille Display is one of the sophisticated devices, which would help the visually impaired individual to interact with the outside world. One of the most popular brands for Refreshable Braille Display for the needs is Focus Braille Display. The benefit of this device is that it has a wide selection of sizes and types according to the models from 14 to 80 Braille cells. It allows users to navigate through computer files, access the Internet with ease, create and edit any documents, reading and writing e-mails and use applications on a PC effectively. Besides, it equipped with the screen reading software, Bluetooth 2.0 and USB 2.0 connectivity, adjustable key repeat for rapid

12 scrolling and panning and can charge a battery via USB or simply can use rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Figure 2.4 shows the Focus 80 Blue Wireless Braille Display.

Figure 2.4

2.3.2

Focus 80 Blue Wireless Braille Display.

Speech Synthesizers

Speech synthesizers are text-to-speech systems used with computers [12]. It may come with three versions. First, it can be a card that is inserted into the computer, second; it may be a box attached to the computer by a cable, third; it may be a software that works with the computer's sound card. Speech synthesizers enabled word of any data to be pronounced. It has been programmed with a variety of phonemes and grammatical rules of language. Synthetic speech often sounds robotic. Sophistication in technology nowadays produces a new sound that resembles the normal human voice. It can overcome the problem of noise discomfort from robotic sounds. The estimated is between $150 to $1,000. Usually, the purchase will be accompanied with a screen reader.

13 2.3.3

Piezoelectric Motor

A piezoelectric motor is a product on the market that has the potential to be applied as the actuators for this project. It is a mini-sized motor with millimeter measurement and only half of the size of the conventional solenoids and electromagnetism micro motors. Its special characteristics make it a great match to be used in applications that require a small space and high precision, for example, the camera on a mobile phone, laptop and Braille actuators. Figure 2.5 shows one of the popular squiggle motors available on the market. The motor size is smaller than the thumbtack.

Figure 2.5 Squiggle Motor.

14 2.4

Related Research

Five research papers have been reviewed. They are the projects that developed a device to help the visually impaired individual to read text. Most of the projects have been completed, but they are still under research for improvement.

2.4.1

Core-Free Rolled Actuators For Braille Displays Using Electrostrictive

P(VDF-Trfe-CFE) Terpolymer

Referring to a research paper done by Zhang et al. [13], a Refreshable Braille display to help the blind read was developed. The device applies an electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer as the actuators. The arrangement of actuators is as shown in Figure 2.6. A factor that makes this material is selected as the actuators are because it can produce enough electric field and can provide the high strain to the system. Core-free tubular actuators were developed and integrated into a 3 × 2 Braille cell. The dimension of the Braille cell is about is 40 mm x 12 mm x 70 mm. The films are solution cast, stretched to 6 µm thick, electroded, laminated into a bilayer, rolled into a two mm diameter tube, bonded, and provided with top and bottom contacts. The results of the experiment showed that the use of 17 actuators produced significant strains up to 4% and blocking forces of 1N at the magnetic field of 100mV / m. The Braille cells have been successfully produced using six actuators.

Figure 2.6

Braille cell.

15 2.4.2

Nithinol Wire

A research to develop a prototype of an Electronic Braille Document Reader, which has the potentiality of reading text in Latin alphabet from a memory card and actuating each character of the text in Braille format was done in [14]. The actuators have been built using Nitinol wire, which is an alloy from the combination of nickel and titanium. The alloy will contracts when current is passed through but requires an opposing force to pull it back when cooled. The nitinol wire, which is less expensive and widely available in the market are among the factors that led to this material is selected as the actuator. To ensure the actuators functioned with fast switching ability, Nitinol wire with a diameter of 0. 5mm was chosen to be applied on the design. The configuration of actuators can yield movement of up to 14% of the wire‟s length and work to push a pin up. Figure 2.7 shows an actuator fully assembled.

Figure 2.7

2.4.3

Final actuator design.

A microelectromechanical low cost Braille for blind people to communicate

with blind or deaf-blind people through SMS subsystem

This research introduces a new communication channel for the deaf-blind and visually impaired people [15]. The device consists of three subsystems, which are a

16 portable low cost refreshable Body-Braille system for displaying Braille characters using six micro vibrators, an easy Braille writer for writing the Braille characters and a remote communication system through SMS. The Body-Braille system is a wearable device, which uses six micro vibration motors applied on the surface of the body. This feature allows any part of the body to receive Braille data. It's wearable characteristic making it easy to read text and symbol and receive information while doing any daily activities. The Braille writer system in this device may aid the blind or deaf-blind people to write a Braille script. It was developed using a small numeric keyboard, for which out of the 17 keys on the keyboard, only 6 keys are used to form Braille code of any character.

2.4.4

Nematic Opto-Mechanical Actuators For The Fabrication Of Refreshable

Tactile Systems

This research has applied the use of nematic elastomers for the fabrication of actuators [16]. The materials were chosen due to their ability to reversibly contract and expand during phase transitions triggered by external stimuli. The design of the actuators has applied the stress gradient generated in the elastomer under illumination to exert a force on movable components. The Braille characters and graphic information were represented by the refreshable tactile system, which were developed based on the optomechanical properties of liquidcrystalline elastomers (LCE) composites. To ensure the force exerted on the pin is optimal, an LCE composite ribbon with 'Ushaped' form was designed. The pin is the moving component of the actuator and has a contact with a human finger. It was designed with a 0.8 mm diameter and 2.5 mm pitch. The operating principle is based on the light-induced mechanical actuation of an LCE. To provide a practical end user, the implementation of hardware system and communication software interface were developed.

17 2.4.5

New Type Electromagnetic Drive for Braille Screen

In this study, a manufacture prototype of a combined tactile-voice interface to aid the blind or visually impaired individuals interact easily with computers is designed [17]. To overcome the problems faced by the visually impaired individuals regarding to the interaction with graphical oriented information, a permanent magnet linear actuator for driving a needle in Braille screen was developed. The most important part presented here is the moving part, which is the axially magnetized cylindrical permanent magnet. The constructions of the actuator are shown in Figure 2.8.

1 2 3 4

5 6

Figure 2.8

Principle construction of the studied actuator:

1-upper core; 2-outer core; 3-upper coil; 4-moving permanent magnet; 5-lower coil; 6-lower core.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1

Software Design

The main function of software design is to read text and then convert text to Braille pattern. The text is saved as the *.txt type file format in memory card such as SD card. The text file then be the input for the programmable microcontroller to be converted and processed into Braille format. Each Braille character has to be crossreferenced with its equivalent Braille pattern saved inside the program codes of the microcontroller. The resulting pattern is then sent to the output, and the process repeated over again for the next characters. Figure 3.1 shows the flow diagram of the code.

19

Read Text from SD Card

Look For Associated Braille Pattern

Activate Braille Cell

Figure 3.1

Software flow code diagram.

An Arduino Uno which is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 was chosen as the microcontroller because of its flexibility, ease of use and provides the required input-output demand to accomplish this project. This Arduino board is being expanded using SD shields for the use of SD card. Adafruit microSD breakout board is used for SD interfacing. Arduino Uno microcontroller uses the Arduino Programming Language based on C/C++ but is simpler to code.

The eight dot Braille format was chosen for the design rather than the normal six dot Braille format as it fulfil all the character details in a single cell and is more flexible, practical, simple and suitable for this project. The extra dots would indicate if the character is an uppercase or lowercase letter, or number. Figure 3.2 shows the six dot normal Braille system which is usually used by most of the people.

20

Figure 3.2

6-dot Braille format.

In this project, an eight dot Braille configuration was applied. It consists of six dots system like a normal Braille with two extra dots located at the bottom of the cell. The 1st until the 6th dots represent the character to be actuated. The 7th pin labeled on the figure is the dot to represent a capital letter, while the 8th pin represents a number. Figure 3.3 illustrate the configuration of the Braille system.

Capital Letter Figure 3.3

Number 8-dot Braille format.

In the microcontroller program coding, the Braille pattern was coded to be either ON or OFF. When the dot is OFF, the dot will be actuated out from the Braille cell, while dot ON make the dot be actuated out. All the Braille patterns of ASCII characters were coded in the main code script from which they could be called when required. The Braille patterns for each character were shown in Appendix A. The micro-SD card was configured according to the Adafruit‟s specification for connecting with the SD libraries. The code was developed to read satu.txt text file from the micro-SD card.

21 The actual translation is performed in the main loop, which can be seen in Figure 3.4. The following is the steps taken by the code to translate the text: 1. Serial.write – detect each character of the text and showed them on the serial monitor of Arduino. 2. if – if the character detected is „A‟, then the test statement for „A‟ pattern will be run 3. else if – else, if the character detected is „B‟ the test statement for pattern „B‟ will be run. The else if statements are constructed for all ASCII characters as in Appendix A. 4. delay – wait for 2 seconds. Then, continue the process.

Figure 3.4

Main Code.

22 Arduino has a serial monitor feature which allows for feedback from the code to be displayed in a serial monitor on the computer when the Arduino is running the code, while connected to the USB, to help with debugging. This feature was enabled and set to give feedback on the progress of initializing the micro-SD card and reading the data.

3.2

Hardware Design

This Electronic Braille Document Reader requires text in Braille format to be actuated on a finger. The Braille pattern received from the Arduino is in the form of eight pins at a state „high‟ or „low‟. Each pin representing a dot. Each actuator was connected to the output pins on the Arduino.

Many actuators that are suitable of actuating the Braille dots were reviewed. Unfortunately, most of the actuators ideal for the device are currently still in development and under research. Other capable actuators are too large to be arranged in a small Braille cell configuration or are too expensive to be applied in this experiment.

For this project, relays are used as the actuators. Working principle of relay is very simple, easy to understand and not very complex to be studied. If there is a small voltage applied to the copper coil, since this coil is coiled over an iron rod, the iron rod gets magnetized, and the magnetic field is produced. Due to this magnetism, iron-rod will attract the iron-contact above it and make the contact in a close state. As long as an enough power is supplied to the coil, the iron contact will be in a close state and loadline circuit will be ON. If the power source is removed from the coil, the iron-rod will get de-magnetized. This will block the iron-rod to attract iron-contacts. Then, the spring

23 force causes the iron-contact to move away from iron-rod and open the circuit(no current flow).

This project was using one relay to actuates each Braille dot. In total, eight relays were used. SRS-05VDC type relay as shown in Figure 3.5 were chosen because it operates with a required amount of voltage, easy to understand and readily available at the nearest store.

Figure 3.5

SRS-05VDC relay.

In order to make the relay to produce a movement as the actuator, the outer covers of the relays were removed as in Figure 3.6. Two middle pins of the relay, which are connected to the magnetic core inside the relay are the only pins required to build one actuator. The other four pins of relay were not in used.

24

Figure 3.6

Relays after the outer layer removal.

A 3mm LED was attached properly on the top of the relay. The iron-contact of the relay are connected with LED using solder. The position of the LED that is attached on the relay were adjusted properly so that a smooth movement can be obtained. It acted as a Braille pin. The LED was not worked as a light emitting component. When magnetic attraction is existed, the Braille pattern could feel with comfortable on a finger. The assembled actuator for a single dot is shown in Figure 3.7.

Figure 3.7

A single assembled actuator.

25 The single assembled actuator was replicated until eight equal configuration. The full assembled actuators were combined together to be completed as a single Braille cell as shown in Figure 3.8. The actuators were soldered onto a doughnut board.

Figure 3.8

A full assembled actuators.

The overall configurations of a single Braille cell are shown in Figure 3.9. Eight actuators made from the LEDs and relays were assembled as a single Braille cell. All of the components were soldered onto a board and being placed inside a suitable box for a proper casing. Figure 3.10 shows four different views of this device.

26

LEDs On/Off Switch

(actuator pins)

Arduino Uno Microcontroller

Micro-SD Breakout Board Relays

9v Battery

Figure 3.9

Final configuration of the device with a single Braille cell.

27

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 3.10

(d)

Different view of the device: a)3D-view, b) Plan view, c) Front view, d) Left side view

The diagram was redrawn virtually by using a Fritzing software so that the connection between the components may be observed clearly. It is shown in Figure 3.11. By referring to the schematic diagram, the important connection of relays and micro-SD breakout board with Arduino Uno microcontroller are as shown in Table 3.1.

28 9v Battery

On/Off Switch

Micro-SD Breakout Board LEDs (actuator pins)

Relays

Arduino

Uno Microcontroller

Circuit diagram of the device .

Figure 3.11

29

Table 3.1

Connection of components with Arduino Uno microcontroller.

Components

Arduino Uno Microcontroller

Relay 1

Digital I/O Pin 9

Relay 2

Digital I/O Pin 2

Relay 3

Digital I/O Pin 3

Relay 4

Digital I/O Pin 4

Relay 5

Digital I/O Pin 5

Relay 6

Digital I/O Pin 6

Relay 7

Digital I/O Pin 7

Relay 8

Digital I/O Pin 8

Micro SD board (CS pin)

Digital I/O Pin 10

Micro SD board (DI pin)

Digital I/O Pin 11

Micro SD board (5V pin)

5V Power Pin

Micro SD board (DO pin)

Digital I/O Pin 12

Micro SD board (GND pin)

GND Pin

Micro SD board (CLK pin)

Digital I/O Pin 13

30 The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 3.12. It shows the connection between the Arduino Uno microcontroller, microSD breakout board and relays.

Figure 3.12

The schematic diagram of the device.

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1

Arduino

The fully assembled of Electronic Braille Document Reader prototype were tested using

multiple inputs. The results were recorded for further evaluation,

comparison and analysis. To test the Arduino‟s code, firstly, a satu.txt file was saved in the micro-SD card with the text “i love utm” as shown in Figure 4.1 and the card inserted into the micro-SD slot on the device. When the Arduino ran, the serial monitor confirmed the successful initialization of the micro-SD card and displayed the text. Figure 4.2 shows the serial monitor output.

32

Figure 4.1

The text “i love utm” was saved inside the satu.txt file.

Figure 4.2

4.2

Serial monitor output.

Actuators

The actuators were tested by actuating each one manually on the breadboard. Individually, they are all worked fine so then they were actuated in combination as in a Braille pattern. They were actuated satisfactorily and smoothly when the device is ON. The following Table 4.1 shows the work “i love utm” actuated by the Braille pins. The actuated pins are the one with a yellow circle.

33

Table 4.1

EDBR spells the text “i love utm”.

34 4.3

System Testing

The main problem about this device was associated with the actuators. The movements of the actuators were very hard to detect and feel by a finger. Therefore, the survey was done by just asking the volunteers to observe and guess the actuated characters nine sighted volunteers were selected to evaluate the designed prototype of the device. Each respondents need to determine the characters actuated on the single Braille cell based on the text file saved in the micro-SD card. All in all, results shown that more than 50% of respondents could detect the actuated characters correctly and agreed that this device is useful for the visually impaired individual to read Braille text. The results for each question are represented graphically as follows:

35 Question 1 Character A

C

B

Z

C

X

D

A

Braille Pattern

Question 1

33.33%

Correct 66.67%

Figure 4.3

Wrong

Result for Question 1.

For Question 1, a Braille pattern of character “A” was the pattern that actuated on the Braille cell. The correct answer is „D‟. Refering to the result as shown in Figure 4.3, 66.67% of respondents answered correctly, while 33.33% of respondents answered wrongly.

36 Question 2 Character A

o

B

k

C

l

D

w

Braille Pattern

Question 2

22.22% Correct Wrong 77.78%

Figure 4.4

Result for Question 2.

For Question 2, a Braille pattern of character “l” was the pattern that actuated on the Braille cell. The correct answer is „C‟. Refering to the result as shown in Figure 4.4, majority of the of respondents answered correctly, while 22.22% of respondents answered wrongly.

37 Question 3 Character A

5

B

7

C

1

D

2

Braille Pattern

Question 3

0.00% Correct 100.00 %

Figure 4.5

Wrong

Result for Question 3.

For Question 3, a Braille pattern of number “2” is the pattern that actuated on the Braille cell. Refering to the result as shown in Figure 4.5, 100% of the respondents answered correctly.

38 Question 4 Character A

-

B

)

C

%

D

*

Braille Pattern

Question 4

22.22% 77.78%

Figure 4.6

Correct Wrong

Result for Question 4.

For Question 4, a Braille pattern of symbol “-” was the pattern that actuated on the Braille cell. The correct answer is „A‟. Refering to the result as shown in Figure 4.6, majority of the of respondents answered correctly, while 22.22% of respondents answered wrongly.

39 Question 5 Please write the character actuated on the Braille cell. You can refer the provided reference sheets for your reference.

Question 5

44.44%

Figure 4.7

Correct 55.56%

Wrong

Result for Question 5.

Figure 4.7 required the respondents to answer the correct character actuated on the Braille cell without being provided with the choices of answers. They are provided with a reference sheet, which shows a table of characters in Braille form. Refering to the result as shown in Figure 4.7, 55.56% student answered correctly while 44.44% answered wrongly.

40 Question 6 Do you think this device is useful for the visually impaired individuals to read text? A

Yes

B

No

Question 6

22.22% 77.78%

Figure 4.8

Yes No

Result for Question 6.

Question 6 was a question asking whether the device developed is useful for the use by the blind or not. Positive responses were given by them. Refering to the result as shown in Figure 4.8, 77.78% of the respondents agreed that this device is useful for blind people, which is the positive result.

CHAPTER 5

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

5.1

Introduction

The importance of project management is to ensure that all the objectives of this project were achieved with good project planning and organizing within a specific timeline. The important things to be considered in this project are the scope, time, and budget to accomplish the objectives. The project schedule had been tabulated on Gantt chart shown in Table 5.1. It interpreted a clear guideline in time management to complete the research.

The cost estimation on the components applied is calculated and analysed to ensure minimal budget while keeping project to achieve the desired output. This process includes a market survey from various electronic suppliers. The final cost is calculated from the price was tabulated.

42 5.2

Project Schedule

Table 5.1 shows the Project Gantt chart for semester one and two. The table shown that the project is accomplished within the planned timeline.

Table 5.1 WEEK

Project Gantt Chart

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

GANTT CHART (Semester 1) Decide Topic Analyze Topic Literature Review Project Proposal Selection of subject Built model for Project testing Project Testing Seminar Presentation FYP 1 Project Report GANTT CHART (Semester 2) Software & Hardware Development Device Evaluation Result Analysis Final Report (Draft) Seminar and Demonstration Submit Report

12

13

14

15

16

17

43 5.3

Cost Estimation

Table 5.2 shows the cost estimation for assembling the device. The most expensive components is microSD breakout board with price RM155.36. Shipping costs have made it expensive. However, it had to be bought because it equipped with a suitable features to be applied in this project. Other component prices are moderate as the objective of this project is to create an inexpensive device. The overall cost after added all the components is RM 289.36.

Table 5.2 Cost estimation. Price (RM) $48.40 x 3.21 = 155.36

Total Price (RM)

1

20.00

20.00

9

2.00

18.00

1 1 9 1 2 2

5.00 1.50 0.10 1.60 0.60 0.40

5.00 1.50 0.90 1.60 1.20 0.80

1

79.00

79.00

1 1 1

0.50 5.00 0.50

0.50 5.00 0.50

TOTAL

= 289.36

No.

Components

Quantity

1

Micro SD card breakout board

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

KINGSTON 8GB MICRO SD-CARD Songle Relay SRS 05VDCSH 9V Battery (Maxwell) 3 pins Toggle Switch LED 3mm Red Donut Board (Small) Straight Pin Header Single Core Cable Arduino Uno Rev3-Main Board Solder Lead Box 9V Battery Snap

155.36

44 During the device testing and evaluation, there were certain problems, which affect the effectiveness of the device. Firstly, the LEDs are unsuitable material to be as the pins of the actuators. This is because, the LED itself have its own function. Second, the electromagnetic attraction of relays were not strong enough to act as the actuators. This has given the bad impact of the movement and pattern of Braille cell.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

6.1

Conclusion

Generally,

the prototype of an Electronic Braille Document Reader was

developed. This device has the capability of reading text from micro-SD memory card and actuating each character of the text in Braille format, which could be read by visually impaired individuals by placing a finger on a single Braille cell. The success of building the prototype of EBDR proved that the Braille could be read from a single Braille cell. It converted ASCII characters from the text stored onto microSD card into Braille patterns actuating on a single finger. The portable characteristics will give the users the ability to bring this device anywhere. The single cell design reduces the overall cost of the device. The benefits gained would enhance reading habit for the visually impaired individuals and encourage the youngsters to read. Further development and improvement would be required before the device would be ready for common use, such as selecting more suitable actuators available on the market.

46 6.2

Further Work

One way to improve the weakness of the developed device is by changing the relays to solenoids as the actuators. The electromagnetic forces of the relays are low, weak and were not able to provide good patterns for which the Braille pattern should be felt comfortable by a finger. The idea for using the solenoid as actuators is a smart idea because it can give a strong attraction of magnetic field [18], which would allow the actuators to actuate the Braille pattern more clearly.

The circuit design of this device can be further improved by adding certain components such as resistors, transistors and diodes. This is important for reducing the power consumption, current, voltage, and increase user safety [19]. The calculation for each electrical parameter also needed to be calculated precisely so that the system would be operated in a right manner.

The material for the pins of Braille cells needs to be improved. The application of LEDs as the pin of the Braille cells are not suitable because the function of LED is clearly as a component to emit light [20] and not as a pin. Another material that can be used to substitute the LEDs is the combination of beads and strong iron wires.

The conveyor style of the device may overcome some of the weakness of a single Braille cell design while still serving same benefits to the user. This design may give the visually impaired access to limitless literature and flexibility to carry around. Although the additional cells would increase the cost, but the additional cells may help users to easily pause the text and slide the finger back and forth making it simple to backtrack to beginning of the text [21]. This new idea in the EDBR would require further assessment, experiment and evaluation to determine the most suitable design for the needs.

46 REFERENCES

1.

Best, & B., A. Teaching Children With Visual Impairments. Milton Keynes: Open Univ. Pr. 1992

2.

B.-C. Yoseph. Refreshable Braille Displays Actuated by Electroactive Polymers. Biomimetics. CRC Press. 245–265. 2011

3.

P. J. Osuch and S. Sinha. An electronic solution to automate the process of Grade1 braille training. Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), IEEE. 47–52. 2013.

4.

Gurevich & Vladimir. Electric Relays. New York: CRC Press. 2005

5.

Sleva, A.F. Protective Relay Principles. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2009

6.

Hewitson, L.G. Practical Power Systems Protection. Oxford: Newnes. 2005

7.

Blum, & Jeremy. Exploring Arduino : Tools And Techniques For Engineering Wizardry. Indianapolis, I.N.: Wiley. 2013

8.

Monk, & Simon. 30 Arduino Projects For The Evil Genius. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2013

9.

Monk, & Simon.

Programming Arduino Next Steps : Going Further With

Sketches. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2013 10.

Craft, & Brock. Arduino Projects For Dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. 2013

11.

Nor, M. H. M. An Application Board to the Atmega32 Microcontroller Board. Project Paper Sarjana Muda. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 1989

12.

Mullennix, J. W. Stern, and Steven. Computer Synthesized Speech Technologies : Tools For Aiding Impairment. Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science Reference. 1966

13.

Q. M. Zhang, T. Levard, P. J. Diglio, S.-G. Lu, and C. D. Rahn, Core-free rolled actuators for Braille displays using P(VDF–TrFE–CFE), Smart Mater. Struct. 2012. 21(1).

47 14.

Arif, Shahab and Holmes, Violeta. Electronic Braille Document Reader. In: Proceedings First International Conference on Technology for Helping People with Special Needs. ICHTP 2013 . Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2013. 16-21.

15.

Sarkar, R.; Das, S.; Rudrapal, D. A low cost microelectromechanical Braille for blind people to communicate with blind or deaf blind people through SMS subsystem.

Advance Computing

Conference (IACC), 2013 IEEE 3rd

International , Feb. 22-23, 2013. 1529-1532. 16.

Torras, N.; Zinoviev, K.E.; Camargo, C.J.; Campo, E.M.; Campanella, H.; Esteve, J.; Marshal, J.E.; Terentjev, E.M.; Omastova, M.; Krupa, I.; Teplicky, P.; Mamojka, B.; Burns, P.; Roder, B.; Vallribera, M.; Malet, R.; Zuffanelli, S.; Soler, V.; Roig, J.; Walker, N.; Wenn, D.; Vossen, F.; Crompvoets, F.M.H. Nematic opto-mechanical actuators for the fabrication of refreshable tactile systems. Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII), 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference. June 16-20, 2013. 1691-1694.

17.

Karastoyanov, Dimitar; Monov, Vladimir; Penchev, Todor. New type Electromagnetic Drive for Braille Screen. Information Science and Technology (ICIST), 2013 International Conference. March 23-25, 2013. 178-182.

18.

Chong, Ken, W., & Idris, N. R. N. Magnetic Levitation (Sensor And solenoid Development). Thesis (Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering) . Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 2010

19.

Harper, A., C., Jones, & C., H. Active Electronic Component Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.1996

20.

Khan, & Nisa, M. Understanding LED illumination. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press. 2014

21.

Rudd,

&

Johnson.

Model conveyor.

Thesis

Engineering) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 1989

(Bachelor

of

Mechanical

48

APPENDIX A

BRAILLE PATTERN

49

Character

a b c d e f g h i j

Braille Pattern

50

k l m n o p q r s t u v w x

51

y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M

52

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1

53

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

` ~ ! @ # $ %

54

^ & * ( ) _ = + [ { ] } \ |

55

; : , . / < > ? ÷ ×

56

APPENDIX B

ARDUINO CODES

57 #include File myFile; int baca1; //int pin; void setup() { pinMode(9,OUTPUT); pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); pinMode(6,OUTPUT); pinMode(7,OUTPUT); pinMode(8,OUTPUT); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); Serial.begin(9600); Serial.print("Initializing SD card..."); pinMode(10, OUTPUT); if (!SD.begin(10)) { Serial.println("initialization failed!"); return; } Serial.println("initialization done."); myFile = SD.open("satu.txt"); if (myFile) { Serial.println("satu.txt:"); while (myFile.available()) { baca1= myFile.read(); Serial.write(baca1); //HURUF BESAR

58 /* else if (baca1=='') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } */ if (baca1=='A') { delay (2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='B') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='C') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

59 digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='D') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='E') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='F') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='G') { delay(2000);

60 digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='H') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='I') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='J') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

61

else if (baca1=='K') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='L') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='M') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='N') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW);

62 digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='O') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='P') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='Q') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='R') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW);

63 digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='S') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='T') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='U') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

64 else if (baca1=='V') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='W') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='X') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='Y') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW);

65 digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='Z') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

//characters small letter else if (baca1=='a') { delay (3000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='b') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH);

66 digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='c') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='d') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='e') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='f') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW);

67 digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='g') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='h') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='i') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='j') {

68 delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='k') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='l') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='m') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH);

69 } else if (baca1=='n') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='o') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='p') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='q') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW);

70 digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='r') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='s') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='t') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='u') { delay(2000);

71 digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='v') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='w') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='x') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

72

else if (baca1=='y') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='z') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

//NUMBERS else if (baca1=='0') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='1') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH);

73 digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='2') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='3') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='4') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='5')

74 { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='6') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='7') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='8') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH);

75 digitalWrite(8,LOW); } else if (baca1=='9') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,LOW); }

//PUNCTUATION else if (baca1=='`') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='~') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='!') { delay(2000);

76 digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='@') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='#') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='$') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

77

else if (baca1=='%') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='^') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='&') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH);

78

delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='*') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='(') { delay(2000);

79 digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1==')') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='-') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='_') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

80

else if (baca1=='=') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='+') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='[') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='{') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH);

81 digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1==']') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='}') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1==' \ ') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,LOW); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='|') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW);

82 digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,LOW); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1==';') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1==':') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,LOW); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,LOW); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1==',') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); }

83 else if (baca1=='.') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='/') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,LOW);

84 digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } else if (baca1=='?') { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,LOW); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,LOW); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } //ELSE else { delay(2000); digitalWrite(9,HIGH); digitalWrite(2,HIGH); digitalWrite(3,HIGH); digitalWrite(4,HIGH); digitalWrite(5,HIGH); digitalWrite(6,HIGH); digitalWrite(7,HIGH); digitalWrite(8,HIGH); } //delay(1000); } myFile.close(); } else { Serial.println("error opening satu.txt"); } } void loop() { }