Electromobility for Commercial Vehicles – Challenges and opportunities Henrik Svenningstorp GTT/TPP/ATR/EEE/ Alternative Vehicle Efficiency Electro Mobility Program
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Electro mobility, not an evolution but rather a major revolution of the conventional transport solution
Henrik Svenningstorp Energy Efficiency & Environment Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
The world is growing by 250.000 persons per day requiring new transport solutions
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Road Traffic Accidents accounts for more than 1.100.000 deaths per year!
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Present consumption rate of fossil oil based fuels amounts to approximately 200 tons/sec
Environmental impact 600 ton CO2/sec Long term oil availability Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Photo: Dettifoss, Iceland
Long term technology plan
Product and Traffic Safety
CO2 and Energy Efficiency
Transport Solutions
Manufacturing technologies Electrical & Embedded System technologies Material technologies Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
CO2 challenges/demands for Europe Heavy Duty Transport: - Consequence of 55% CO2 reduction to 2050? Annual Mtons CO2eq emitted by running MD & HD truck fleet
Fleet depending yearly Fuel Economy savings for a new trucks Calculation of CO2 emissions from all EU MD & HD Trucks
55% transport vol. increase (IEA)
40% transport vol. increase Volvo estimate (Wite paper)
2012
3%
EU transport white paper challenge towards 2050!
Political challenge
)
(Volvo interpretation: 55 % reduction demand for Heavy Duty Vehicles to 2050
(Data used from : EU White paper from 2011, TREMOVE 3.3.2 , and data on current EU vehicle mileage & scrapping out rates vs time)
2020 2030 Cecilia Gunnarsson,2010 Staffan Lundgren, Sylvain Coppéré, Bengt Thompson Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
2040
2050
Years
Billon liters of diesel consumed by running MD & HD truck fleet
Fossil oil availability for Europe Heavy Duty Transport: - Consequence of IEA WEO New Policy Scenario Levels? Calculation of Oil need for all EU MD & HD Trucks
40 % transport volume growth NPS band for EU oil availability
2%
NPS = IEA World Energy Outlook’s New Policies Scenario data
(Data used from : World Energy Outlook 2013, TREMOVE 3.3.2, and data on current EU vehicle mileage & scrapping out rates vs time.)
2020 2010 Cecilia Gunnarsson, Staffan Lundgren, Sylvain Coppéré, Bengt Thompson Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
2030
2040
2050
Years
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
1908, Henry Ford
1892 Rudolf Diesel, Compression Ignition IC engine 1885 Karl Benz introduction of the petrol fuelled engine 1876 Nicolaus August Otto, Four stroke piston cycle 1839 Sir William Robert Grove first successful test of hydrogen fuel cell 1800 Count Alessandro Volta invents the battery
1769, Nicolas Cugnot Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 10
First HEV (Series Hybrid) ICE/generator, lead acid battery and wheel hub motors Jacob Lohner & Co, 1899.
Development engineer: Ferdinand Porsche Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 11
El-drive to series hybrid system Range extender
El-motor
Gear box
Power Electronic Converter
Lithium Ion Battery
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 12
Series hybrid system to parallel Range extender
El-motor
Gear box
Power Electronic Converter
Lithium Ion Battery
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 13
Our parallel hybrid system - ISAM El-motor
Gear box
Power Electronic Converter
Lithium Ion Battery
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 14
I-SAM • A parallel hybrid solution is normally cheaper, lighter and more energy efficient than a serial • Packaging, emission control and high amount of electric drive can push towards a serial hybrid solution
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 15
Hybrid technology
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 16
Why hybridize long haul HDTs? 100 -5% -4% -3% -2% -1%
0
Power (kW)
-100
~120 kW excess traction power is available when a 40 ton truck runs downhill in 23% slope.
-200
-300
-400
-500 30
32
34
36
38 40 42 mass (tonne)
44
46
48
50
60 -5% -4% -3% -2% -1%
40 20
Power (kW)
0
~0 kW excess traction power is available when a 10 ton truck runs downhill in 2-3% slope.
-20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 mass (tonne)
12
13
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
14
15
Battery requirements for electric propulsion
El Drive 10 kg for 10 km Possible! =
40 kg for 10 km Possible! 200 kg for 10 km Possible!
Plug In ! Comb Drive!
20 tons for 1000 km Not possible! 45 000 tons of batteries. The Battery operation alone take off weight is 413 tons ! Not possible!Long Haul/Coach …
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
not possible for
Future challenges • Cost reduction – Finding internal and external synergies • Finding new features • System integration – Maintained commonality • Optimizing/Sizing the system – Keeping it flexible • Timing of new products is of the essence • Charging strategy!! Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp 19
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Alternative solutions
+/Inductive
Conductive
Top
• Unrealistic due to size and weight • Low efficiency • Visual impression
• • • •
Already in use Low cost Does not work for cars Visual impression
Side
• • • • •
Works for all road vehicles Unsafe for objects on roadside Low efficiency Heavy, bulky and expensive Only one lane possible
• • • •
Works for all road vehicles Low cost Unsafe for objects on roadside Only one lane possible
Under
• • • •
Rugged and Safe Expensive Low efficiency EMC
• • • •
Works for all road vehicles Low cost High efficiency Safe and rugged?
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Why hybridize long haul HDTs? • Heavy-duty vehicles make up a small fraction of the number of the vehicles on the road, but they account for about 20% of the fuel consumed. • Therefore a reduction of fuel consumption for HD trucks will have a large impact on total CO2 emissions.
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Why hybridize long haul HDTs? • Since a long haul truck often runs for about 150 000 km per year, the annual saving of diesel can be significant even if the relative saving is lower than for medium duty distribution.
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp
Technology & Product Development
Volvo Group Truck Technology, Henrik Svenningstorp