Electrical Safety In The Workplace

Honeywell Electrical Safety • Salisbury by Honeywell has been setting industry standards since 1855. For over 150 years, Salisbury by Honeywell has been the name an entire industry trusts to provide the finest safety products available. Salisbury by Honeywell pioneered the manufacturing of linemen’s Rubber Protective Equipment in the early years. Today, Salisbury by Honeywell is the leader in Personal Electrical-Safety Protection.

• Salisbury key contributor to NFPA 70E committee.

Changing Profession, Changing Attitudes

1942

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Electrical Safety

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Electrical Safety

What are the Electrical Hazards?

• Electrical Shock – When electrical current enters and exits the body creating a path. • Arc Flash – A dangerous condition associated with the release of energy caused by an electric arc. Note that this explosive condition includes a broad spectrum of electromagnetic energy, plasma, fragments and a spray of molten materials. • Arc Blast – Pressure wave caused by the expansion of gases and conducting materials with flying molten materials. SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

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Electrical Safety

Shock Illustration

Current passage paths through the body

Touch Potential

Step Potential

Touch / Step Potential

Touch / Step Potential

Current passing through the heart and lungs is the most serious

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Electrical Safety

Effects of Shock on the body

Current, Not Voltage causes Electrical Shock • • • • • • • •

mA 0.5 - 3 3+ 10+ 30+ 60+ 100+ 4+ Amps 5+ Amps

Affect on Person Tingling sensations Shock Muscle contractions and pain Respiratory paralysis Heart Paralysis (may be fatal) Ventricular fibrillation (usually fatal) Heart Paralysis Tissue and Organs start to burn

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Electrical Safety

Statistics (Annual data) 4,000

3,600

2,000+

365 4 Electrical contact injuries, nondisabling

Electrical contact injuries, disabling

Person is electrocuted

Electrocutions Leading cause of occupational fatalities

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Workers are sent to burn centers with electrical burns

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Electrical Safety

Terms and Definitions related to Arc Flash

• Arc Rating. Arc Rating is a protection value assigned to textile materials based on predicting 2nd degree burn injury based on the Stoll Curve. • Arc Flash hazard. A dangerous condition associated with the release of energy caused by an electric arc. Note that this explosive condition includes a broad spectrum of electromagnetic energy, plasma, fragments and a spray of molten materials. • Incident Energy as the amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electric arc event. Incident Energy is measured in calories/cm2. • Cal/cm2. (Calories per Sq. Centimeter) The total energy on a surface area. It is the unit of measure used for Arc Ratings.

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Electrical Safety

What causes Arc Flashes? • Electricity will go through the path of least resistance. When the path of electricity is suddenly interrupted, the electricity will try to create a new pathway. The arc can be generated by: • Mechanical breakdown/failure • Current overload • Accidental contact

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Electrical Safety

Arc Flash Variables

• Variables that effect the size and energy of an electric arc flash are: – – – – – – – –

Maximum fault current Voltage Arc gap Closure time Distance away from arc 3 phase v single phase Confined space Characteristics of equipment

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Electrical Safety

Arc Flash Impacts

• As much as 80% of all electrical injuries are burns resulting from an arc-flash and ignition of flammable clothing. • Arc temperature can reach 35,000°F - this is four times hotter than the surface of the sun. Fatal burns can occur at distances over 10 ft. • Over 2000 people are admitted into burn centers each year with severe electrical burns

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Electrical Safety

Arc Blast

• Electrical Arc-Flash can create blast in excess of 200 lbs/ft2. • Arc-Blast can cause collateral damage and extreme personal damage. – Explode switchgear – Send molten metal at extreme high velocities.

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Electrical Safety

Are you in Compliance? / Are your workers Safe?

• Industry standards and regulations: – OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S – NEC 2011 – NFPA 70E-2012 Edition – Various ASTM Requirements

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Electrical Safety

NEC 2011 – National Electric Code

•

•

•

110.16 Arc Flash Hazard Warning - Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, and motor control centers in other than dwelling units, that are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment. FPN No. 1: NFPA 70E-2012, Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, provides assistance in determining severity of potential exposure, planning safe work practices, and selecting personal protective equipment. FPN No. 2: ANSI Z535.4-2007, Product Safety Signs and Labels, provides guidelines for the design of safety signs and labels for application to products.

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Electrical Safety

Sample NEC Warning Article 110.1

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Electrical Safety

NFPA 70E – 2012 Edition Standard

• Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces

– This requirement covers all aspects of worker safety associated with electrical hazards in the workplace. Within this standard are recommendations for proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – Addresses hazards: • Shock • Arc Flash • Arc Blast

– Requirements for shock and arc flash boundaries – Requirements for personal protective equipment

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Electrical Safety

NFPA 70E 2012 Summary of Significant Changes

• • • • • • • • • •

All references to “FR” now changed to “Arc Rated”. This identifies that FR clothing is not necessarily tested to the ASTM test for arc rating. Addition of incident energy tables for direct current (DC) systems. Terms such as “flash protection boundary”, “flash hazard boundary”, and “flash boundary” changed to new term “arc flash boundary”. The nose was added to the coverage needed from a balaclava. Retraining shall be performed at intervals not to exceed 3 years. Electrical safety program shall identify procedures for working: within the limited approach boundary and arc flash boundary to clarify the separation between the two boundaries. Removal of 2* category. For 2012, all is included in category 2. Arc Blast is now a recognized hazard by NFPA 70E. Inclusion of this hazard may require updated assessments. Employees must report any perceived contact to supervision. Employers must inform contractors of any known hazards.

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Utilizing NFPA 70E 2012 HRC TABLES When Calculated

Using Tables

Minimum PPE Rating Personal Protective Equipment (Cal/cm^2) Protective Clothing: Non-melting or Untreated Natural Fiber 4.5 oz/sq N/A

Incident Energy Range (Cal/cm^2)

Hazard Risk Category

0 to 1.2

0

>1.2 to 4

1

4

>4 to 8

2

8

>8 to 25

3

25

>25 to 40

4

40

>40

Danger

Danger

yard, Long Sleeve Shirt and Long Pants. Protective Equipment: Safety Glasses or Goggles Hearing Protection, Heavy Duty Leather Gloves Protective Clothing: Arc Rated Long Sleeve Shirt and Long Pants or Coveralls, Arc Rated Hard Hat and Face Shield or Arc Rated Hard Hat and Arc Rated Flash Hood Protective Equipment: Safety Glasses or Goggles, Hearing Protection, Heavy Duty Leather Gloves (Insulated Gloves + Leather Protectors) Leather Work Shoes Protective Clothing: Arc Rated Long Sleeve Shirt and Long Pants or Coveralls or Arc Rated Jacket and Pants, Arc Rated Hard Hat and Face Shield and Arc Rated Balaclava or Arc Rated Hard Hat and Arc Rated Flash Hood Protective Equipment: Safety Glasses or Goggles, Hearing Protection, Heavy Duty Leather Gloves (Insulated Gloves + Leather Protectors) Leather Work Shoes Protective Clothing: Arc Rated Long Sleeve Shirt and Long Pants or Coveralls or Arc Rated Suit Jacket and Pants, Arc Rated Hard Hat and Arc Rated Flash Hood, Arc Rated Gloves Protective Equipment: Safety Glasses or Goggles, Hearing Protection, Heavy Duty Leather Gloves (Insulated Gloves + Leather Protectors) Leather Work Shoes Protective Clothing: Arc Rated Long Sleeve Shirt and Long Pants or Coveralls or Arc Rated Suit Jacket and Pants, Arc Rated Hard Hat and Arc Rated Flash Hood, Arc Rated Gloves Protective Equipment: Safety Glasses or Goggles, Hearing Protection, Heavy Duty Leather Gloves (Insulated Gloves + Leather Protectors) Leather Work Shoes

Do not work on while energized

Electrical Safety

How Do I Protect My Workers?

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Electrical Safety

NFPA 70E Approach Boundaries

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Electrical Safety

NFPA 70E provides two choices for selecting PPE • Perform an arc flash hazard analysis, and document the incident energy exposure – – – –

EasyPower Duke Flux Software (Freeware) ETAP IEEE 1584 Standard

• As an alternate, use the “Hazard Risk Category Classifications” table to choose the PPE level required for the task

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Electrical Safety

Salisbury Assessment Solutions (SAS)

• A full turn-key solution which provides an arc flash hazard analysis and the necessary PPE recommendations needed to protect workers against those hazards

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Electrical Safety

What Does SAS Provide?

• SAS will put you in compliance! • Engineering service designed to identify hazardous electrical conditions which may exist in commercial or industrial facilities. • Proper compliance training of personnel on procedures to help reduce injury/harm to the electrical worker SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

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NFPA 70E Two Methods for Determining PPE

1. Complete an Arc Flash Incident Energy Analysis •

• •

An Arc Flash Study is a calculation performed by a P.E. to determine the incident energy at each work station, which determines the various arc flash boundaries, and required P.P.E. when working on or approaching each boundary. Mitigation should be part of the study, the engineer should recommend how to reduce the incident arc flash hazard. This requires them to complete a short circuit study and a protective device coordination study. An Arc Flash Study / Analysis should only be performed by experienced and qualified electrical engineers knowledgeable in power system engineering, IEEE 1584, NFPA 70E and arc flash studies.

or

2. Utilize 2012 NFPA 70E Tables 130.7 ( C ) ( 15 ) (a) • •

•

Using the NFPA Table 130.7 is acceptable if you know your short circuit current and fault clearing time AND these results fall within the parameters of using the table. Voltage is only one aspect of determining what arc flash PPE to use. You also need to figure: available fault current (amps), the working distance between the worker and the equipment, the clearing time of the circuit protection device, the spacing between conductors or from a conductor to ground, the number of phases, whether the conductors are in an en- closure, and the equipment configuration to determine potential Arc Flash exposure. Actual engineering studies have found that the NFPA 70E table can suggest using far more protective equipment than is actually necessary. Tables do not address all tasks.

Electrical Safety

SAS Process • Initial Analysis

– Our engineers will review your line drawings and based on those drawings, identify potential risks in your work environment. – If line drawings are out of date or unavailable, our engineers will be onsite to identify the potential risks.

• Review

– SAS will provide you with a full summary of the assessment as well as recommend practices to improve your organization’s safety practices. – SAS provides the training necessary to ensure your staff is educated in safe work practices. – SAS will recommend the necessary PPE to provide your staff with essential protective equipment to keep them safe in the event of an arc flash.

Salisbury Assessment Solutions gives you the tools and training to provide a Safe Work Environment!! SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

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Electrical Safety

Benefits of SAS – Turn Key Solution

• Assessment Solutions

– SAS will complete the Salisbury by Honeywell “One Stop” Arc Flash Solution that our competition cannot offer

• For years, Salisbury by Honeywell has offered all of the electrical PPE needed for an electrical worker. • Now with Salisbury Assessment Solutions, Salisbury can offer electrical assessments and training!

• SAS Consumer Promise

– SAS will continue to provide the worker with the same quality in its SAS service as the industry has come to expect from the products that Salisbury by Honeywell has provided since 1855.

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Electrical Safety

Who Could Use SAS?

• • • • • • • •

Institutional Government Manufacturing Hospitals Warehousing Marine Military All Non Residential Facilities With Electrical Power Requirements

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Electrical Safety

Getting Started With Your SAS Assessment!!

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Electrical Safety

What Is Electrical Safety PPE?

The term “electrical safety PPE” includes all products available to the worker to ensure a safe work environment

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Electrical Safety

Who Needs Electrical Safety PPE? OSHA/NFPA 70E states:

“

For energized circuits over 50 volts or more, safety tools and personal protective equipment must be used.

”

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Electrical Safety

Hazard Risk 2

• Maximum Exposure 8 cal/cm² • Minimal Protection Level 8 cal/cm²

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Electrical Safety

Hazard Risk 3

• Maximum exposure 25 cal/cm² • Required Protection Level 25 cal/cm²

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Electrical Safety

Hazard Risk 4

• Maximum Exposure 40 cal/cm² • Required Protection Level 40 cal/cm²

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Electrical Safety

NFPA 70E • Does Not Recognize a Hazard Above 40 cal/cm² – Suits With Higher Values Are Available But Are Not Recognized by NFPA 70E • May Be Needed When Using Software Method

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Electrical Safety

Face Shields • Must Meet ASTM F2178-02 • Must Meet ANSI Z87.1 • Meet Same Criteria for ATPV Rating Given to Garments Based on ASTM F1958

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Electrical Safety

Face Shields

• Proper Storage Will Prolong Life of Face Shield • Clean With Mild Soap and Warm Water • DO NOT USE – Cleaners with Abrasives – Dish Soap with Scents – Petroleum Based Cleaners

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Electrical Safety

Insulating Gloves OSHA 1910.333(a)(1)

• Rubber Insulating Gloves are among the most important articles of personal protective equipment for electrical workers. They are the first line of defense for contact with any energized components or lines.

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Electrical Safety

ASTM Labeling Chart

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Electrical Safety

Types of Rubber

• Type I (Natural Rubber) – Flexible

• Type II (Synthetic Rubber) – – – – –

Less Flexible Only Available in CL00 and CL0 Very Durable Corona Cutting UV

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Electrical Safety

Glove Inspection

• Working around sharp object, in close proximity to energized parts • Gloves must be inspected prior to each use • There are two ways to inspect gloves – Manual – Portable glove inflator

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Electrical Safety

Gloves Reject Criteria

• Rejection of Gloves – – – – –

Cuts Punctures Ozone checking Corona Cutting Embedded foreign materials – Oil markings – Gloves that leak air.

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Electrical Safety

Gloves Testing

• The interval between electrical retest for issued Rubber Gloves shall not exceed six months • Gloves that have been electrically tested but not issued shall not be placed into service unless they have been electrically tested within previous twelve months SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

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Electrical Safety

Gloves Storage

• Rubber gloves should be stored in glove bags • Do not store more than one pair of gloves in each bag • Do not store on or in front of truck heaters. • Do not roll , fold or tape

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Electrical Safety

Glove Liner

• Glove liners made from stretch fabric accommodate a range of hand sizes, absorb perspiration and improve wearer comfort and dexterity.

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Electrical Safety

Typical Products Containing Petroleum Products

• Washing detergents – Safe Alternative - Salisbury’s Salco Cleaner.

• Hand soaps- Use Salisbury’s Rub-Out hand cleaner. • Baby powder-Use Salisbury’s 10-4 Glove Dust.

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Electrical Safety

Application

• Sizing of Rubber Gloves – To determine the proper size, measure the distance around the palm of the hand between the thumb and forefinger

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Electrical Safety

Leather Protector Gloves • Leather Protector Gloves should always be worn over electrical insulating gloves to provide needed mechanical protection against abrasion or cuts. Leather protectors should never be used as work gloves and work gloves should never be used as protectors.

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Electrical Safety

Arc Flash & Gloves

• NFPA 70E Requires that Voltage Rated Gloves and Leather Protectors Must Be Worn in the Presence Of Voltage But Does Not Discuss Arc Ratings for Gloves. • NFPA 70E Does Say That Leather Gloves Offer Good Arc Flash Protection

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Electrical Safety

Insulated Tools

• NFPA 70E 130.7(D)(1)• Employees Shall Use Insulated Tools and/or Handling Equipment When Working Inside the Limited Approach Boundary of Exposed Live Parts Where Tools or Handling Equipment Might Make Accidental Contact….. • Both NFPA 70E and OSHA Require Insulated Tools When Working On or Near 50V or More While Energized

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Electrical Safety

Insulated Tools • • • • •

ASTM F1505 OSHA 1910.333(c)(2) Tested to 10,000V Max Use 1000V Must Have Two Color Coating if Coated Tool • Must Show Symbol For Use in Live Voltage Situation

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Electrical Safety

Blankets

• Blankets, as all other insulating products (except rubber gloves, used with leather protectors) are designed to provide protection against accidental contact with energized parts • Salisbury Insulating Blankets, compliant with ASTM D1048 specification, are flexible and feature a reinforced beaded edge and eyelets for added strength and tear-resistance • Salisbury insulating blankets are available in Type I – natural rubber and Type II SALCOR ® rubber

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Electrical Safety

Roll Blankets • Salisbury is offering insulating blanket material on a roll. Salisbury’s insulating Roll Blankets, made from a high-strength fabric-reinforced TYPE II rubber or PVC clear blankets, allow workers to custom cut the blanket to fit each job assignment. The product is available in three classes: Class 00 (500v), Class 0 (1,000v) and Class 1 (7,500v). PVC is class 1 only SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

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Electrical Safety

Insulated Rescue Hooks

• An invaluable tool for any workplace, Salisbury’s rescue hook is used to withdraw an injured worker from a hazardous area. Confined spaces, vaults and the vicinities of electrical cabinets and switch gear are some of the places where the Salisbury Insulated Rescue Hook is a must.

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Electrical Safety

Newest Electrical Safety Products

• Premium Light Weight 40 Calorie Arc Flash Suit • Universal Weight Balancing Shield • Non Spark/Non Magnetic Insulate Tools

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