Electric Buses: Everything is Changing

Solaris Bus & Coach 1/45

Company

• • • • • • •

Independent manufacturer of public transport vehicles for road and urban rail 100% owned by Olszewski founding family €403 million annual turnover (2015) 2500 employees 1400 vehicles annual production 14,000 vehicles sold since start of production International presence – 30 countries

2/45

International presence

Solaris vehicles have been sold to 30 countries • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Latvia Lithuania Malta Morocco Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Switzerland Sweden Turkey United Arab Emirates 3/45

Phased changeover to new Urbino

Urbino electric

comprehensive specification options to meet local operational requirements 4/45

CHARGING SYSTEMS:    

ERGONOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF ROOF EQUIPMENT: AIR-CONDITIONING AND BATTERIES

plug-in pantograph induction fuel cell

NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR ADDED STRENGHT AND REDUCED WEIGHT

SPACIOUS AND INVITING INTERIOR BATTERIES:  High Energy: 80, 160, 200, 240 kWh  High Power: 50, 75, 100, 125 kWh  Inductive charging: 60, 90, 120 kWh LIGHTWEIGHT ELEMENTS OF SIDE PANELLING SCREWED ON PLACE

NEW EDGE DESIGN

ERGONOMIC DRIVER’S CABIN WITH INNOVATIVE TOUCHSCREEN

• ELECTRIC PORTAL AXLE • CENTRAL MOTOR

5/45

Solaris zero-emission buses Tampere Västerås

Battery buses charged by cable and plug

Landskrona Hamburg Hannover Braunschweig Oberhausen Düsseldorf Paris

Battery buses charged by pantograph or induction

Gdynia Ostrołęka Eberswalde Warszawa Berlin Inowrocław Lublin Jaworzno Dresden Kraków Plzeň Ostrava

Esslingen am Neckar

Battery buses with fuel cell range extender Zero-emission buses with in-motion charging Includes long-term trials and orders.

Klagenfurt

Roma

Barcelona

Castellón de la Plana Cagliari

Solaris is a partner in the European Union‘s ZeEUS and ELIPTIC projects

6/45

Selected electric bus projects  TMB core route as part of operator‘s high-frequency network  125 kWh lithium-titanite batteries for rapid recharge with 400 kW charging power

Project partners Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona ▪ Endesa ▪ Enide Solutions ▪ Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ▪ Idiada Automotive Technology ▪ Grupo Mecanica del Vuelo Sistemas

Barcelona, Spain 2 Urbino 18 electric with pantograph opportunity charging

Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP

Medcom electrics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 125 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 7/45

Selected electric bus projects  BVG route 204 Zoologischer Garten station – Südkreuz station  First inductively-charged bus route in a European capital  Dedicated website at www.e-bus.berlin with live map tracking and live environmental balance

Project partners Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Technical University of Berlin ▪ Bombardier Transportation ▪ Vossloh Kiepe

Berlin, Germany

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme Supported by Berlin Agency for Electromobility

4 Urbino 12 electric with inductive opportunity charging Vossloh Kiepe electrics ▪ Bombardier Primove charging system 90 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 8/45

Selected electric bus projects

 Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH routes M19/M29 circular services from Braunschweig central station  12 km route length ▪ 26 stops ▪ 18 km/h average speed  Charging stations also used by passenger cars

Braunschweig, Germany 1 Urbino 12 electric & 4 Urbino 18 electric with inductive opportunity charging

Project partners Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH ▪ BS|ENERGY ▪ Technical University of Braunschweig ▪ Bombardier Transportation Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as an associated project of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme

Vossloh Kiepe ▪ Bombardier ▪ 60/90 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 9/45

Selected electric bus projects  DVB route 79 Mickten – Übigau  Short, 5.2 km route with one opportunity charging point  Focus on proof of charging technology reliability

Project partners Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Dresden University of Technology

Dresden, Germany 1 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the Schaufenster Elektromobilität programme

Medcom electrics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 200 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle 10/45

Selected electric bus projects  Hochbahn Innovation Line 109 Central station – Rathausmarkt – Alsterdorf  Fuel cells augment batteries for all-day zero-emission operation  Recharging and refuelling only in depot

Project partner Hamburger Hochbahn

Hamburg, Germany 2 Urbino 18.75 electric with fuel cell range extender

Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the National Innovation Programme Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology, administered by NOW Supported by Clean Energy Partnership

Vossloh Kiepe electrics ▪ Ballard fuel cells 120 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 11/45

Selected electric bus projects

 üstra routes 100/200 inner-city circular services

 Architectural integration of charging mast in cityscape  125 kWh lithium-titanite batteries for rapid recharge with up to 450 kW charging power

Hannover, Germany 3 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging

Project partners üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe ▪ Region Hannover ▪ Enercity Contracting Co-funded by German Federal Ministry of Environment as part of the Erneuerbar mobil programme

Medcom electrics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 125 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle 12/45

Selected electric bus projects  STOAG routes 962 (Sterkrade – Kleekamp) & 966 (Sterkrade – central station)  Key focus on electricity supply to charging stations  Charging stations fed from substation (at Sterkrade Neumarkt) and directly from tram catenary (at Sterkrade station)

Project partners Stadtwerke Oberhausen ▪ Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr ▪ RWTH Aachen University Co-funded by Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr

Oberhausen, Germany 2 Urbino 12 electric with pantograph opportunity charging

Supported by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under Horizon 2020 as part of the ELIPTIC project, led by Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

Medcom electrics ▪ Schunk pantograph charging system 200 kWh batteries ▪ ZF electric drive axle 13/45

Selected electric bus projects  PMDP route 33 City centre – Sídliště Košutka  Rapid battery charge at up to 600 kW charging power  Buses sold and supplied by Škoda Electric, with Solaris as subcontractor for mechanical part of the vehicle

Project partners Škoda Electric ▪ Plzenske Mestske Dopravni Podniky ▪ University of West Bohemia ▪ Plzenska Teplarenska

Plzeň, Czech Republic 2 Urbino 12 electric-based Škoda Perun with pantographs

Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP

Škoda electrics ▪ ABB pantograph charging system 80 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 14/45

Selected electric bus projects  Västerås Lokaltrafik route 4 Brottberga – Centrum – Finnslätten  Traction batteries charged by cable and plug in depot  Auxiliary heating fuelled with compressed biogas to maintain operational range in cold winter conditions  Combination of renewable electricity and second-generation biogas makes bus effectively carbon-neutral

Västerås, Sweden 1 Urbino 12 electric with biodiesel auxiliary heating

Project partners Västerås Lokaltrafik ▪ Sweco Environment ▪ Biogas Öst Co-funded by European Union under the European Regional Development Fund as part of the More Baltic Biogas Bus project

Medcom electrics 160 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 15/45

Selected electric bus projects  ZTM/MZA routes 168 (Mokotów – Witolin) & 222 (Mokotów – Old Town via Royal Route)  Largest fleet of electric buses in Central Europe

 Initially charged by plug and cable, with provision for retrofit of pantograph charging system

Project partners Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe w Warszawie ▪ Warsaw Public Transport Authority ▪ Warsaw University of Technology ▪ Automotive Industry Institute ▪ RWE Stoen Operator

Warsaw, Poland 10 Urbino 12 electric

Co-funded by European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under the 7th Research & Innovation Framework Programme as part of the ZeEUS project, led by UITP

Medcom electrics ▪ prepared for pantograph charging system 240 kWh batteries ▪ central motor 16/45

9.1. Benefits What are the benefits of operating electric buses? • • • •

zero-emission electric buses are operating on domestic energy sources significantly reduced vibrations strongly reduced noise

•

• •

constant, high torque available from the start high efficency components LCC is very competitive to standard Diesel bus.

17/45

Specification

Battery architecture

Cell

Module

Pack

Traction batteries 3–6 packs 75–240 kWh 18/45

Specification

Batteries designed for electric buses  In-house expertise in designing battery packs for electric buses  High power or high energy batteries  Use of multiple 40 kWh (high energy) / 25 kWh (high power) packs = batteries from 120–240 kWh (high energy) / 75–125 kWh (high power)  Packs connected in parallel = buses can still run if individual packs fail (minimum 80 kWh / 50 kWh required)  Standardised dimensions and connections = assured availabilty of replacement batteries and upgrades even after years  North American and Japanese suppliers for cells = consistent quality at cell level  Production in close cooperation with existing partner = assured quality  Optional cooperation with external suppliers of fully-packaged batteries 19/45

Open charging infrastructure • Solaris in cooperation with group of European bus producers and charging infrastructure suppliers have agreed to make universal charging systems • Aim of the project is to guarantee the open charging interface for the electric vehicles and create universal and reliable system for chargers and buses delivered by different manufacturers.

PANTOGRAPH

PLUG-IN

20/45

Drive cycle setup

Cell info

Climate setup Drive schedule setup

Simulation control

Life model setup

Results display

©A123 Systems, LLC. All rights reserved. Proprietary and confidential.

21/45

Technical feasibility

Input data form

22/45

Technical feasibility study  Technical feasibility study - battery lifetime confirmed.

Response

Input data  bus model  city  yearly schedule  heating and air conditioning  single bus schedule  SORT type  potential charging places  definition of land inclination  single bus distances

     

drive on a single charge daily energy consumption worst-case simulations average yearly energy consumption charging infrastructure proposal technical description of proposed solution  battery lifetime  LCC calculation

23/45

Thank you for your attention! 24/45