Ministry of Research and Technology Government of Indonesia
EFFORTS TOWARD SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION IN INDONESIA
presented at ASIA DISASTER REDUCTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM JAKARTA, December 4, 2006 by Dr. Idwan Suhardi Deputy Minister for Utilization and Socialization of Science and Technology Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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OUTLINE 1.
Introduction
2.
Lesson Learned from Tsunami, Earthquake, Flood, land slide, Volcanic Disaster
3.
Curent Status of Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning
4.
End-to-end Tsunami Simulation in Padang City on 26 December 2005 System (INA-TEWS)
5.
Information Center for Research on Natural Disaster Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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1. Introduction
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Tectonic Setting and Seismicity of Indonesia The Indonesian region Î very complicated plates convergence : subduction, collision, back-arc thrusting, back-arc and opening faults Moving relatively to each other • the India-Australia plate : moving northward • the Philippine sea plate : moving westnorthwestward. • the Caroline plate : moving east-southeastward (near Aru) and westnorthwestward (near Yap trench)
Every year about 460 earthquakes (M > 4.0 )
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Statistics of Natural Disaster in Indonesia (1900 – 1999, Source: ADRC, 2000) Fatalities = 59.743
Significant Events = 244 Wind storm (10)
Wild fire (87) Drought (9,329) Wave/surge (978)
Wild fire (6) Wave/surge (6)
Drought (10) Eq. + Tsunami (60)
Volcano (39)
Volcano (18,000)
25 % 36 % Slide (16)
Slide (1,626)
Epidemic (26)
Flood (3,168)
Eq. + Tsunami (21,607) Epidemic (2,872)
Flood (71)
Indonesia prone to earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Earthquake and Tsunami History EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE WITH WITH M M ≥≥ 7.0 7.0 RS RS IN IN INDONESIA, INDONESIA, 1900 1900 -- 2004 2004 A. A.
TOTAL TOTAL :: 212 212
B. B.
IN IN THE THE SEA SEA
C. C.
SHALLOW SHALLOW IN IN THE THE SEA SEA :: 153 153 (( 72 72 % % ))
D. D.
GENERATED GENERATED TSUNAMI) TSUNAMI) :: 86 86 (( 40 40 % % ))
:: 182 182 (( 86 86 % % ))
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
modified from : Latif and Guisakof
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2. Lesson Learned from Tsunami, Earthquake, Flood, land slide, Volcanic Disaster Tsunami Banda Aceh : Sunday, 26 December 2004 Yogya Earthquake: Saturday, 27 Mei 2006 Sinjai Flood and Land Slide : Tuesday, 20 June 2006 Merapi Vulcanic :Saturday, 20 Mei 2006 Tsunami Pangandaran : Monday, 17 July 2006
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Aceh Tsunami : a brief reminder
• • • • • • • •
132,000 confirmed dead 37,000 missing 572,000 displaced 1.3 million homes and buildings destroyed 8 ports and 4 fuel deports damaged 85% of the water and 92% of the sanitation system broke down 120 km of roads and 18 main bridges demolished total losses amount to US$ 4.5 billion, which represents 2.2% of National GDP and 97% of Aceh’s GDP
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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the causes Catastrophic earthquake z Scale 9 with shallow epicenter offshore z Very strong ground shaking for 4 minutes felt in many areas z People moved out of their houses out of fear Followed by a tsunami z Wave height ranging from 4 – 35 m z Most people have never seen such calamity in their lives z Did not know what to do – chaotic z No warning was issued
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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What remains
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Yogya Earthquake: Saturday, 27 Mei 2006
Epicenter and its fault mechanism z z z z
27 Mei 2006 5:54:02 am Momen magnitude (Mw) 6,3 Position 7,977°S and 110,318°E Epicenter depth 17,1 km
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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GEOLOGICAL MAP- JOGYAKARTA AND ITS SURROUNDING After Shock Epicenter JOGYAKARTA
OPAK FAULT
LST
VOL VOL
k a Op ult Fa
EPICENTER EQ (USGS) Mo=6.3, DEPTH: 17.2 Km
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Geological Cross Section Fm. Sentolo Batugampingbatupasir
Opak River Endapan Gunungapi Merapi Muda
Fm. Nglanggran Breksi
Fm. Semilir Breksi-Tuf
Fm. Wonosari Batugamping
Fm. Sambiputu Tuf dan serpih
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MICROZONATION MAP
Earthquake Acceleration inSLEMAN Bantul Yogyakarta
SLEMAN 0.24
ARGOMULYO
BANGUNTAPAN
KASIHAN 0.19
ARGOREJO
0.18
0.26
34 0.
: 0.23 - 0.25
Zone 2
: 0.25 - 0.27
Zone 3
: 0.27 - 0.32
Zone 4
: 0.32 - 0.37
Zone 5
: 0.37 - 0.44
ARGOMULYO
TIRTONIMOLO
ARGOREJO
SRIMANTANI
0.25 KASIHAN
WIROKERTEN
POTORONO
0.33 BANGUNTAPAN
0.42 PIYUNGAN
TAMANAN BANGUNHARJO
0.27 SEWON
WIROKERTEN
SRIMULYO
SITIMULYO JAMBIDAN
TRIWIDADI PENDOWOHARJO
JAMBIDAN
WONOKROMO
0.24 PAJANGAN
PENDOWOHARJO WONOKROMO
PAJANGAN 0.19
PLERET
GUWOSARI TIMBULHARJO
BANTUL
RINGINHARJO
KULONPROGO
0.21 BANTUL
SABDODADI
TRIRENGGO
0.21 PANDAK
RINGINHARJO
26 0.
28 0.
24 0. WUKISARI
PATALAN
CANDEN KEBONAGUNG
0.37 IMOGIRI
GILANGHARJO
TRIHARJO
SUMBERMULYO
0.39 PUNDONG PANJANGREJO
0.25 SANDEN
TIRTOMULYO
SNI 2002 0.20 g
SELOPAMIORO
TIRTOSARI
0.36 KRETEK
MANGUNAN DLINGO
SRIHARDONO
GUNUNG KIDUL
SIDOMULYO MURTIGADING
PANJANGREJO
0.43 PUNDONG
TIRTOMULYO
SRIHARJO
DANUTIRTO
TEMUWUH
0.41 IMOGIRI
KARANGTENGAH
MULYODADI
0.26 SRANDAKAN
PONCOSARI
SRIGADING GADINGHARJO
CANDEN
0.32 CATUTHARJO
SRIHARDONO
0.27 SIDOMULYO
PATALAN
BAMBANGLIPURO
KARANGTENGAH
MULYODADI
MUNTUK
GIRIREJO TRIMURTI
DLINGO
BAMBANGLIPURO
WUKISARI
KARANGTALUN
0.27 PANDAK
MANGUNAN
MURTIGADING
JATIMULYO
0.35 JETIS
PALBAPANG
0.28 DLINGO
DLINGO 0.22
GIRIREJO
TERONG
SUMBERAGUNG
KEBONAGUNG
SUMBERMULYO
0.20
SABDODADI
WIJIREJO
TEMUWUH
TRIMURTI
SRANDAKAN
WONOLELO
0.26 BANTUL TRIRENGGO
KULONPROGO
22 0.
MUNTUK
KARANGTALUN
CATUTHARJO
BAWUAN
SEGOROYOSO
TRIMULYO
JATIMULYO
PALBAPANG
GILANGHARJO
TRIHARJO
TERONG
SEGOROYOSO
0.36 PLERET
BANTUL SENDANGSARI
SUMBERAGUNG
0.31 JETIS
WIJIREJO
TIMBULHARJO
30 0. WONOLELO
TRIMULYO
PLERET
GUWOSARI
32 0.
0.32 PLERET BAWUAN
SENDANGSARI
GADINGSARI
SINGOSAREN
PANGGUNGHARJO
BANGUNJIWO
ARGODADI
SRIMULYO
SITIMULYO
TRIWIDADI
PONCOSARI
BATURETNO
TAMANTIRTO
0.23 SEDAYU
BANGUNHARJO
0.22 SEWON
SNI 2002 0.20 g
BANGUNTAPAN
NGESTIHARJO
ARGOSARI
0.36 PIYUNGAN
BANGUNTAPAN
TAMANAN
PANGGUNGHARJO
BANGUNJIWO
ARGODADI
0.2 8
POTORONO
SINGOSAREN
Zone 1
SRIMANTANI
0.3 0
0.22
TIRTONIMOLO
SEDAYU
BATURETNO
0.2 0
TAMANTIRTO
0.3 2 0.3 4 0.3 6 0.3 8
0.2 6
NGESTIHARJO
8 0.1
ARGOSARI
YOGYAKARTA
YOGYAKARTA
GADINGSARI
0.30 SANDEN
SRIGADING
SELOPAMIORO
SRIHARJO
0.40 KRETEK
GUNUNG KIDUL
DANUTIRTO
GADINGHARJO
SELOHARJO
TIRTOSARI
SELOHARJO
TIRTOHARJO TIRTOHARJO
PARANGTRITIS PARANGTRITIS
SAMUDERA HINDIA
INITIAL MAP MICROZONATION IN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA SAMUDERA HINDIA
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Sinjai Flood and Land Slide : Tuesday, 20 June 2006 Topographic Gradient > 40 %
Sinjai Flood Land slide
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Sinjai Flood and Land Slide Disaster
Land slide disaster
Flood Disaster
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Merapi Vulcanic :Saturday, 20 Mei 2006 EARTQUAKE OBSERVATION AND MERAPI ACTIVITIES Main Shock (Gempa Utama) S – P = 8 secon (seismometer top of Merapi) Aftershock S - P variated 3 - 7 secon Gangguan Terhadap Gunungapi Merapi Maximum distance hot cloud before earthquake 3,5 Km Maximum distance hot cloud after earthquake 3,8 Km
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Pangandaran Tsunami 17 July 2006
Main- and after-shocks
Tsunami history of the area
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Victims of the Earthquake and Tsunami Why relatively so many victims? 6 main reasons
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1
People did not feel the earthquake
• Intensity : MMI IV • Light shaking • No damage due to earthquake
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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2
Earthquake happened during low-tide so tsunami phenomenon is not so clearly noticeable
The beach on 19 July 2006, 1530hrs local time Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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3
Tsunami waves were so high Longitude
Latitude
Inundation height
Pameungpeuk
107:41:26.6E
7:40:05.9S
5.20m
Sindangkerta
108:03:35.7E
7:45:52.8S
3.74m+
108:24:09.9E
7:48:56.0S
3.67m
108:26:32.1E
7:49:10.2S
5.9m
Batukaras
108:29:51.3E
7:44:48.6S
2.12m
Batu Hiu
108:32:09.4E
7:41:31.9S
5.34m
Bulak Laut
108:36:43.3E
7:41:01.2S
7.67m
Pangandaran
108:39:06.0E
7:41:37.6S
4.69m
Widara Payung
109:15:51.8E
7:41:53.2S
6.70m+
Location
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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4
Most of the coastal areas have moderate slopes
Elevation < 10 m
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5
6
Tsunami occurred in late afternoon, optimum help cannot be given during evening
No Tsunami warning was issued Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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3. CURRENT STATUS OF INDONESIA Tsunami Early Warning Systems (INA-TEWS)
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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… in response • •
Government formed the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Agency (BRR) Ministry of Research and Technology responsible in coordinating various agencies in the Development of Tsunami Warning Systems throughout Indonesia
KLH
BPPT
BAKOSURTANAL
DEPLU
LAPAN
ESDM
LIPI
KOMINFO
DKP
BAPPENAS
BAKORNAS PBP
BMG
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
ITB
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Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning Systems Geo Input
Sensing Devices : •Seismometer •Accelerometer •OBU : - Seismometer - Accelerometer - Pressure •GPS
Transmit Data : Bottom to Surface, Surface to center
Recipients : •Bakornas •Satkorlak •Satlak •Media
Processing Center
Transmit Information : SR/MMI Location (LS+BT) Depth Time Predict : Tsunami ?
Recipients : •Bakornas •Satkorlak •Satlak •Media
COMMUNITY
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Elements of the systems Seismic Monitoring Seismograph Accelerograph Database of Tsunami Modeling Sea level monitoring DART - BUOY Tide Gauge Information and Communication Technology Crustal Deformation Monitoring GPS Geospatial Information Satellite Imagery Topographic and Bathymetric map Community Preparedness Capacity Building
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Seismic Monitoring NO 1
DEVICE SEISMOGRAPH
PLAN z z
2
ACCELEROGRAPH
160 units scattered in 10 Regional Offices issue warning within 5 minutes
500 Units
Current Progress z z
84 units scattered in 5 Regional Offices issue warning within 8 minutes
122 Units
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Sea‐level Monitoring DEVICE TIDE GAUGE
PLAN 120 units of digital tidal recording
CURRENT PROGRESS 38 units
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Oceanographic Monitoring DEVICE DART-BUOY
PLAN 22 Units
CURRENT PROGRESS -
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Crustal Deformation Monitoring Plan to install Continuous GPS ( 27 GPS near tide gauges and 10 GPS near Buoys)
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Tsunami Modeling 16 of 109 tsunamis have been simulated
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
The The The The The The The The
1797 1818 1820 1833 1883 1935 1969 1992
West Sumatran Tsunami Bali Tsunami Bima Tsunami Bengkulu Tsunami Krakatau Volc Tsunami North Sumatera Tsunami Mandar Tsunami Flores Tsunami
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
The The The The The The The The
1994 East Java Tsunami 1996 Toli-Toli Tsunami 1996 Biak Tsunami 1998 PNG Tsunami 2000 Banggai Tsunami 2004 Aceh Tsunami 2005 Tsunami Monday,Nias Desember 4, 2006 2006 Pangandaran Tsunami
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Numerical Modeling (Pangandaran 17 July 2006)
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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4. End-to-end Tsunami Simulation in Padang City on 26 December 2005
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Tsunami Prone Area in the World
PADANG City
(Source : Geographica) Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Seismological Summary of Sumatera
Padang
(Natawidjaya, 2002) Several big earthquake have been recorded in the West Coast of Sumatra (e.g. 1833, 1935 and 2004) and initiated tsunami disaster. Based on paleo-tsunami research, the next big earthquake with tsunami is forecasted to occur at Padang Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Statistics of Padang City Geografical Position
:
0°54’ - 1° 08’ S
Area
:
694,96 km2
Inhabitants
:
901.488 people
Coast length
: +/- 84 km
Number of surrounding rivers
: 21
Altitude
: 0 – 10 m (60%)
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Elevation of Padang City
: 0-5 mdpl
: Zona Bahaya Tsunami
: 5 – 10 mdpl
: Zona Waspada Tsunami
: 10 – 25 mdpl
: Zona Aman Tsunami
: 25 – 100 mdpl : Zona Relokasi : > 100 mdpl
: Zona Relokasi
Safe Area: > 5 mdpl Mdpl: Meter diatas permukaan laut
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Kogami 2005
5. Information Center for Research on Natural Disaster (PIRBA)
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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PIRBA Objective Disasters management with special emphasis on the prevention, risk reduction, preparedness and timely action to mitigate the disasters focusing on earthquake and tsunami Mission 1. Disaster management and mitigation with special attention to gaining the accumulation of comprehensive knowledge, system and technology to prevent, raise the preparedness and timely action to avoid from being victimized by the disasters. 2. Integrating and mainstreaming the disaster awareness into developmental practices. 3. Raising the public awareness in “peacefully live together” with the hazards, to understand the nature and behavior of disasters and the skill to reduce the risks and avoid the disasters. Monday, Desember 4, 2006
4 Promoting international collaboration and networking with the
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Working Scheme of the Center within the Ministry of Research and Technology
KRT
LAPAN
KRT = Ministry of Research and Technology Supporting research institutions: LIPI = Indonesian Institute of Sciences LAPAN = National Institute of Space and Aeronautics BAKOSURTANAL = National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping BPPT = Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology
BPPT
The Center
LIPI BAKOSURTANAL
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Position of The Center within the National Network
KRT
BMG
ESDM PT
BPPT
LAPAN
DKP The Center
PU LIPI BAKO
KES
DAGRI
LH
SOS KEU
BUP
KOMINFO BAKORNAS PBP
GUB
PU HUB
POLRI
TNI
ESDM
SATKORLAK
International scientific institutions SATLAK
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
NGOs page 45
The Centre as a Network of Networks
Thailand Center
Indonesian Center
The Regional Centre
Others Countries
Malaysian Center
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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Thank You
Monday, Desember 4, 2006
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