EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN THE WULUNG S BAMBOO PRESERVATION WITH AIR PRESSURE

EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN THE WULUNG’S BAMBOO PRESERVATION WITH AIR PRESSURE Rika Deni Susanti Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Per...
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EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN THE WULUNG’S BAMBOO PRESERVATION WITH AIR PRESSURE Rika Deni Susanti Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Medan, Jalan Gedung Arca No. 52, Telp (061) 7363771, Fax (061) 7347954, Medan, 20217, Indonesia, e-mail : [email protected] Keywords: Bambusa Vulgaris Schard, Gigantochloa Verticillata Munro, moisture content ABSTRACT Bamboo has many favorable properties to be utilized, as a material for furniture / furnishings and construction materials. Vulnerability bamboo easily attacked by fungus and beetle powder. Done for the preservation of fungi and beetle attack powder. The study was conducted to determine the effect of waiting time, the position / block and the air pressure on moisture levels, flow velocities preservatives, insect mortality, as well as the influence of moisture content on the flow rate and mortality preservatives Wulung Bamboo (Gigantochloa Verticillata Munro). In a study conducted by the method of bamboo preservation Boucherie-Morisco with 2.5 2 2 kg/cm air pressure and 5 kg /cm and waiting times, using the solvent preservatives (borax) with a concentration of 5%. Test results were analyzed using SPSS and the variant with advanced test LSD (Least Square Difference) seyiap conducted to determine the level at which factors were significantly different. The longer do the lower levels of moisture conservation with the highest value of 73.715% and 53.580% the speed of the lowest low with the largest value of 0.005 m / dt least 0.0011 m / s. The largest value of Bamboo wulung 88.203% and 63.845% for the smallest value of moisture content, the speed of the greatest value 0.0069 m / dt and the least 0.0022 m / s. Then the moisture content of its own influence on the flow velocity of preservatives.

INSTRUCTION Bamboo is a fast-growing upright plant and harvest at the age of about three years. Bamboo rod with a hollow elliptical hard outer skin, with the fiber direction generally parallel elongated rods. Bamboo has a positive traits are beneficial, such as the stem is strong, tough, straight, easy to use, grow throughout Indonesia and grow naturally or are cultivated. Forms of support for the use of bamboo as a building material or construction. On other issues, often facing the susceptibility of organisms attack the destroyer bamboo fungus, dry sawdust and termites. This led to the use of bamboo in general life is relatively short and difficult economic value increased to the maximum. Moisture content, the volume of the cavity, and the arrangement of the cells contained in the physical

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properties of bamboo influence bamboo by Haygreen and Bawyer (1980). The chemical preservation is to include chemicals that can kill insects into the bamboo. The way was done by Boucherie (1855) by entering a preservative using hydrostatis pressure, because pressure hydrostatis obtained, it would require a preservative tanks are high and expensive. In accordance with the conditions that no way was then heavily modified, among others, by mourisco (1999) which produces Bamboo Preservation System-Morisco Boucherie using pressurized air tubes of the tube used Freon as a supplier of air. The moisture content of bamboo is a value that indicates the amount of water present in the bamboo. The weight of water in bamboo is obtained by calculating the difference in weight of bamboo and bamboo water to the dry weight of the furnace. Bamboo water content affects the strength of bamboo, which is greatly decreased when the high water content. Water content also affects the development of bamboo and bamboo shrinkage when bamboo is placed in a room with different water content. (Prayitno, 2001).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Preparation of materials

The need for preservation of bamboo for the test by using wulung’s bamboo the day of testing performed on day-3, to-6, to-9, and 12 weeks after development. Borax is dissolved into the water with a concentration of 5% solution was stirred until smooth and then filtered with a solution of the required amount by 10%.

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Preparation of test samples

Sample preservation of fresh bamboo along the 3-meter mounted on the machine-Morisco Boucherie modifications varied with the pressure that is used 2.5 kg/cm2 dab 5 kg/cm2.

Implementation of Testing

Examination

of

water

content

and

volume

weight

Testing the moisture content and volume weight taken at the tip and base of the bamboo before the implementation of preservation. Weighed specimen weight (Wb) and the measured volume (Vb), then inserted into the oven with a temperature of 1050 C. after 2 hours of the test object is issued, then cooled in a desiccator over approximately 10 minutes and weighed. Constant weight is expressed as oven dry weight (Wk) and measured again (Vk).

The

moisture

Heavy

content

volume

of

of

bamboo

(Kb)

bamboo

=

=

(Wb-Wk)

(Wb

/

/

Wk

Vb)

x

100%

gram/cm2

Meeting number of bamboo = (Wk / Vk) gram/cm2.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Moisture levels Moisture content is the moisture content of bamboo wulung kiln dried before curing. Research shows the diversity of the moisture content of bamboo wulung not preserved (control) by a factor of day and block factors, performed on day

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preservation-3, 6, 9, 12 2.5 kg/cm2 air pressure factors, are presented in Figure 5 kg/cm2 1 and Figure 2.

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Pangkal, Tek 2,5 kg/cm2 Tengah, Tek 2,5 kg/cm22 Ujung, Tek 2,5 kg/cm2 3

6

9

12

Figure 1. Moisture content prior to 2.5 kg/cm2 pressure is preserved. 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Pangkal, Tek 5 kg/cm2 Tengah, Tek 5 kg/cm2 Ujung, Tek 5 kg/cm2 3

6

9

12

Figure 2. Moisture content before preserved pressure 5 kg/cm2

Material Flow velocity Preservatives Flow velocity at the Bamboo wulung preservative is a preservative bhan velocity flow from the base to the tip of a bamboo sanpai Boucherie method Morisco. Research shows a flow rate of bamboo wulung preservative during preservation process takes place by a factor of conducted pickling day on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and the air pressure of 2.5 kg/cm2 factors, 5kg / cm2 are presented in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

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0,008 0,007 0,006 0,005

Pangkal, Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

0,004

Tengah, Tek 2,5 kg/cm22

0,003

Ujung, Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

0,002 0,001 0 3

6

9

12

Figure 3. Solution flow rate with pressure 2.5 kg / cm2

0,01 0,008 0,006

Pangkal, Tek 5 kg/cm2

0,004

Tengah, Tek 5 kg/cm2 Ujung, Tek 5 kg/cm2

0,002 0 3

6

9

12

Figure 4. Solution flow rate to the pressure of 5 kg / cm2

Mortality Wulung bamboo mortality is the number percentage number of dead insects on the number of insects that disaragkan perminggunya after the preservation process and wind dried for about four weeks. Wulung bamboo insect mortality are preserved by a factor of conducted pickling day on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and the pressure factor of 2.5 kg / cm2, 5 kg / cm2 is presented in, figure 5 and figure 6.

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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Pangkal, Tek 2,5 kg/cm2 Tengah, Tek 2,5 kg/cm22 Ujung, Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

3

6

9

12

Figure 5. Mortality Bamboo Wulung chart with pressure 2.5 kg/cm2

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Pangkal, Tek 5 kg/cm2 Tengah, Tek 5 kg/cm2 Ujung, Tek 5 kg/cm2

3

6

9

12

Figure 6. Mortality Bamboo Wulung chart with pressure 5 kg/cm2

Effect

of

Moisture

to

Speed

and

Mortality

To determine the effect of moisture content of the preservative solution flow rate can be seen in Figure 7 and Figure 8 below. From Figure 9 and Figure 10 shows the greater the moisture content the greater the speed.

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Pangkal Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

0,007

Tengah Tek 2,5 kg/cm2 Kecepatan Aliran (m/det)

0,006

Ujung Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

0,005 0,004 0,003 0,002 0,001 0 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Kadar Air (%)

Figure 7. Moisture content of the velocity with pressure 2.5 kg/cm2 0,01 Pangkal Tek 5 kg/cm2

Kecepatan Aliran (m/det)

0,009

Tengah Tek 5 kg/cm2

0,008

Ujung Tek 5 kg/cm2

0,007 0,006 0,005 0,004 0,003 0,002 0,001 0 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Kadar Air (%)

Figure 8. Moisture content of the velocity with pressure 5 kg/cm2 80 70

Mortalitas (%)

60 50 40 Pangkal Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

30

Tengah Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

20

Ujung Tek 2,5 kg/cm2

10 0 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Kadar Air (%)

Figure 9. Mortality of the moisture content of 2.5 kg/cm2 pressure

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80 70

Mortalitas (%)

60 50 40

Pangkal Tek 5 kg/cm2

30

Tengah Tek 5 kg/cm2

20

Ujung Tek 5 kg/cm2

10 0 40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Kadar Air (%)

Figure 10. Moisture content of Mortality with 5 kg/cm2 pressure

CONCLUSIONS

1. The waiting time is very real effect on moisture levels, flow velocity preservatives. For wulung bamboo moisture levels 88.203% of the largest third day, the speed of 0.0069 m / s on the third day. 2. Air pressure is very real effect on speed for speed's largest bamboo wulung 0.0048 m / s at a pressure of 5 kg/cm2. 3. Position or block a very real effect on the moisture content to moisture content of bamboo wulung best with the smallest value of 60.955% at the end of the rod. 4. Preservation on the twelfth day can still be done by the method of air pressure. 5. The moisture content of the bamboo before curing is very influential in the preservation process of waiting time, the higher the moisture content of the flow rate of the faster Bahn preservatives.

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REFERENCES 1. Anonim, 1994, Petunjuk Kerja Pengawetan Bambu Dengan Sistem Boucherie, Yayasan Bambu Lingkunag Lestari, Ubud, Bali. 2. Cummins, J.E, 1939, The Preservation of Timber Aganst The Attack of The Powder-post borer (Lyctus brunneus Stevens) by impregnation with Boric acid, J. Council Sci. Ind. Res.Australia. 3. Leesard, G. and Chouinard, A, 1980, Bamboo Research in Asia Proceeding Workshop, Singapore, May 28-30, 1980. 4. Liese, W, 1980, Preservation of Bamboo, in Lessard, G and Chouinard, A., Bamboo research in asia Proceedings Workshop, Singapore, May 28-30, 1980. 5. Martawijaya dan Abdurohim, 1983, Petujuk Peaksanaan Pengawetan Kayu Memakai Proses Vakum desak, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil, Bogor. 6. Morisco, 1999, Rekayasa Bmbu, Nafiri Offset, yogyakarta. 7. Suardika, K., 1994, Pengawetan Bambu dengan Metode Boucherie yang Dimodofikasi, dalam Widjaja, E. A., Rifia, M. A., Subiyanto, B. Dan Nandika D., I, Sarasehan Penelitian Bambu Indonesia, Serpong, 21-22 Juni 1994 8. Sukmaedhi, 2002, Pengaruh Tekana Udara Pada Proses Pengawetan Boucherie Terhadap Kualitas Bambu Wulung, tesis, Fakultas Tehnik, UGM Yogyakarta. 9. Suranto, 1999, Penggunaan Terusi dan Metode Tekanan Udara Pada Tiga Jenis Bambu Terhadap Serangan Rayap Kayu Kering, Skripsi, Institut Pertanian yogyakarta. 10. Yudodibroto, H., 1978, Klasifikasi Beberapa Jenis kayu Tropika Berdasarkan Daya Serap Akan Bahan Pengawet yang Larut dalam Air, UGM, Yogyakarta.

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