Aquaculture Europe Trondheim 2013
Effect of cultivation sites on biomass yield of Sugar kelp Saccharina latissima off the coast of Mid-Norway Jorunn Skjermo, Ole Jacob Broch, Ingrid Helene Ellingsen, Silje Forbord, Kjell Inge Reitan, Kristine Braaten Steinhovden and Aleksander Handå SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway E-mail:
[email protected]
NSTTT
Norsk senter for tang- og tareteknologi
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Outline • • • •
Seaweed industry in Norway – state and potentials Characterization of cultivation sites by 3D modeling Cultivation experiment with sugar kelp Biogas potential in the seaweed biomass
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Seaweed industry in Norway Species
Harvesting
Region
Usage
Company
Laminaria hyperborea
130 000 – 180 000
Rogaland – Sør Trøndelag
Alginate
FMC Biopolymer
Ascophyllum nodosum
10 000 – 20 000
Midt-Norge Troms
Seaweed meal, extracts
Algea
(tons wet weight per year)
Economic value (2011): 1,2 billion NOK (0,16 billion €)
No cultivation Hugh potential in seaweed biomass not exploited
Photo: Mentz Indergaard
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Norwegian advantages for seaweed cultivation (i)
Geography
• Long coastline: 2 200 km • Large economic zone • Inside sea boundary: 90.000 km2
• 205 red • 175 brown 480 macroalgae • 100 green
species
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Norwegian advantages for seaweed cultivation (ii) • Technology • Aquaculture and off-shore oil&gas industry Knowledge and • Biotechnology • Phycocolloids competence
The salmon aquaculture
• Possibilities for integrated cultivation (IMTA)
Design: Mats Heide, SINTEF
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Industrial scale cultivation in Norway Industrial scale a prerequisite
AIM of study
Method
• Demands for cultivation areas outside the sheltered fjords
• Compare the suitability of sites with strong water currents with sheltered sites
• Cultivation trial with Saccharina latissima winter-spring 2012
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Cultivation sites: Exposed
and sheltered Water currents simulation: 3D hydrodynamic model system SINMOD 5 m depth
Stor-Fosna Stor-Fosna Garten Garten
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Water currents speed at the two sites in February-July (simulated)
Exposed Max: 23.7 cm per s Median: 6.8 cm per s
Sheltered
Mean: 7.4 cm per s
Max:
8.2 cm per s
Median: 3.6 cm per s Mean: 3.6 cm per s
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Potential nutrient uptake rates* (simulated) *As % of MAX uptake more than half the time (U0.63=0.03)
Exposed Max: 23.7 cm per s Median: 6.8 cm per s Mean: 7.4 cm per s Uptake rate*: 89%
Sheltered Max:
8.2 cm per s
Median: 3.6 cm per s Mean: 3.6 cm per s Uptake rate*: 70%
Potentially higher nutrient supply and uptake at the exposed site
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Cultivation trial with Saccharina latissima: The seedlings production
Spores Induced spores production
Lines Polyestersilk 1.2mm on spools
Incubators 350 L's cylinder (plastic bag) 4 luminous tubes 1km line
Water Continuous exchange 13X per day
Incubation of sporophytes
Deployment: 6.March 2012
2 L per min UV-treated 10°C
2.5 months MacroBiomass Technology for a better society
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The experimental seaweed farm
10 m
10 ropes x 1m distance
10 ropes x 2m distance
Smpl. 1
Smpl. 2
Smpl. 1
Smpl. 2
14.May (69 days)
25.June (111 days)
14. May (69 days)
25.June (111 days)
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Effect of currents exposure on seaweed production
# Size plants/m (cm)
#Size plants/m (cm)
Cultivation period: 6.March – 25.June (111 days)
SGR Exposed 6.8% day-1 Sheltered 5.9% day-1
Fewer but larges plants gave more biomass at the exposed site Technology for a better society
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Biogas production from seaweed • Input: 1 ton seaweed per day • Outcome: 22 m3 CH4 per ton ww Case The Tokyo • (Kelly et al, 2009, Crown Estate) Gas Company
Our Case FREVAR
• Ampt II Test Kit • Grinding and inoculation with seed sludge • Methane measurement: 100% CH4
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Biogas production from Saccharina latissima Accumulated daily production 2500
Volume (Nml)
2000 1500
Up-scaling example (theoretical)
1000 500
Feeding of reactor, per year
Methane yield per year
10 000 m3 wet seaweed
4.73 GWh
0 1
3
Saccharina-1
5
7
9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 Time (d) Saccharina-2 Saccharina-3 FREVAR mix-1
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Conclusions
• Exposed cultivation areas are advantageous Better nutrients uptake Fewer but bigger plants Higher biomass yield
• Biogas outcome from S.latissima biomass equal to treated household waste
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The study was financed by The Research Council of Norway (Project MacroBiomass) Collaboration: Thanks to Seaweed Energy Solutions and FREVAR
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