EFFECT OF CORE STABILITY TRAINING ON SPEED OF RUNNING IN FEMALE CRICKET PLAYERS.
Submitted by: GANDHI AMIL PANKAJBHAI (Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11027) GEDIYA PAYAL SHANTILAL (Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11028) 6th semester, July-2015
Guided by: DR.NIRAJ KARAMCHANDANI Lecturer School of physiotherapy, RKU
I
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work entitled “effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players” has been undertaken and written under my supervision and it describes the original research work carried out by Ms. Gandhi Amil Pankajbhai & Ms. Gediya Payal shantilal registered at RK University in 6th semester Bachelors of Physiotherapy.
Signature of Guide
Dr. Niraj Karamchandani MPT Sports Rehabilitation Assistant professor School of physiotherapy, RKU
DECLARATION We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best of our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We declare that this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as approved by our project review committee.
Signature of candidate
Signature of candidate
Gandhi Amil Pankajbhai
Gediya Payal Shantilal
Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11027
Enrolment no.:12SPTPT11028
Date: 16th July 2015
Date: 16th July 2015
Place: R.K.UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT
Place: R.K.UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
First and foremost we would like to thank our parents for their valuable support and encouragement, blessing and love which has always been a source of inspiration and strength in accomplishing this academic task. Our heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided our this far and to whom goes all the honor and glory for the successful completion of this study. We
wish to express our regards to our Director Dr. Priyanshu V. Rathod School of
Physiotherapy, R.K.University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous suggestions in the completion of this work and for all the facilities and support extended to our during this study. We are extremely thankful for his constant encouragement and inspiration during the course of this study. With due respect, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide Dr. Niraj Karamchandani Senior lecturer of Scholl of Physiotherapy, R.K.University, for his judicious information, expert suggestions, valuable guidance, continuous support, incessant reassurance during every stage of this work and interest shown in this dissertation without which this work would not have been possible.
We willl fail our duties if we don’t acknowledge our Colleagues and Friends for their suggestions and criticism while assisting our in this study. Last but not the least we would like to thanks all the Individuals in our study without whom this task would not have been possible. Our sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names we might have missed but who truly deserve our gratitude. We would like to thank once again to all who have helped our all the while.
Signature
Signature
Gandhi Amil Pankajbhai
Gediya Payal Shantilal
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1 BMI: Body mass index 2 SD: Standard deviation 3 CST: Core stability training
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The musculoskeletal core of the body includes the spine, hips and pelvis, proximal lower limb and abdominal structures. The core musculature inconcludes the muscles of the trunk and pelvis that are responsible for the maintenance of stability of spine and pelvis and help in the generation and transfer of energy from large to small body parts during many sports activities.[1,2]Core stability is an important component maximising efficient athletic function. Function is most often produced by the kinetic chain, the coordinated, sequenced activation of body segments that places the distal segment in the optimum position at the optimum velocity with the optimum timing to produce the desired athletic task.[2]
AIM:To check or assess speed of running in female cricket players by before and after core stability training.
METHODOLOGY: This study includes 20 volunteers female were taken from RK university as per inclusion and exclsion criteria. An informed consent was taken from the all subject. Speed is measured by 4x10shuttle run test and T-test for agility before and after given 2 weeks of core stability training.
RESULTS: The mean value of pre 4x10 shuttle run test was 30.1885 and post 4x10 shuttle run test was 25.8530. And the mean value of pre T-test for agility was 18.1205 and post T-test for agility was 15.2025. So there is significant difference between pre and post data. Result showed that core muscle exercise training program for 2 weeks so there is increase speed of running.
CONCLUSION: 2 weeks of core stability training improves speed of running and agility in selected female cricket players as measured by 4x10 m shuttle run test and T test for agility.
KEY WORDS: Core strength training, 4x10m shuttle run test, T-test for agility
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No.
Title
Page No.
1
List of tables
I
2
List of figures
II
3
List of chart
III
4
Introduction
1
5
Need of study
4
6
Aim & objective
6
7
Hypothesis
8
8
Review of literature
10
9
Methodology
12
10
Results
20
11
Discussion
23
12
Conclusion
26
13
Summary
28
14
Bibliography
30
15
Annexures
32
LIST OF TABLES
SR NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
10.1
Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test
21
10.2
Intra group analysis for T test for agility
22
I
LIST OF FIGURES SR NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
9.1
Materials
14
9.2
lateral bridge
15
9.3
torso flexors
15
9.4
Extensor endurance
16
9.5
4x10 shuttle run test
16
9.6
T test for agility
17
II
LIST OF CHART
SR NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
10.1
Graphical presentation of Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test
21
10.2
Graphical presentation of Intra group analysis for T test for agility
22
III
INTRODUCTION Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
INTRODUCTION The musculoskeletal core of the body includes the spine, hips and pelvis, proximal lower limb and abdominal structures. The core musculature in-concludes the muscles of the trunk and pelvis that are responsible for the maintenance of stability of spine and pelvis and help in the generation and transfer of energy from large to small body parts
during many sports activities .[1,2] The core muscles are thoracolumbar
fascia, Paraspinals, Abdominals, hip girdle musculature, Diaphragm and pelvic floor and joints of the hip, pelvis and spine are centrally located to be able to perform many of the stabilising functions that the body will require in order for the distal segments (e.g. the limbs) to do their specific function, providing the proximal stability for the distal mobility and function of the limbs. In addition to its local functions of stability and force generation, core activity is involved with almost all extremity activities such as running, agility, kicking, throwing etc. [2,3] Agility means it is ability to move and change direction and position of the body quickly and effectively while under control. This is important component of many sports training programs. Improved agility can mean better performance, faster response and give athletes an edge over their competition.[7] Core stability is an important component maximising efficient athletic function. Function is most often produced by the coordinated, sequenced activation of body segments that places the distal segment in the optimum position at the optimum velocity with the optimum timing to produce the desired athletic task. In addition, since the core is central to almost all kinetic chains of sports activities, control of core strength, balance and motion ties, and control of core strength, balance and motion extremity function. There is no single universally accepted definition of core stability. A general definition of core stability that is the ability to control the position and motion of the trunk over the pelvis and leg to allow optimum production, transfer and control of force and motion to the terminal segment in integrated kinetic chain activities.[2]
2 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
Core strength training (CST) is widely practiced by professionals with the goals of enhancing core stability and increasing core muscular strength, thereby improving athletic performance.[4-6] It is believed among the health and fitness professionals that in order to improve athletic performance and prevent risk of injury, CST is a vital component of strength and conditioning. However, these same studies failed to find significant changes in lower extremity stability, mechanics, or performance.[5-7] Results indicates that CST is a useful tool for strengthening core muscles, but the carryover to performance needs further investigation. Limited scientific studies have been conducted to determine the effect of CST on lower extremity stability and athletic performance.[5,6]
3 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
NEED OF STUDY 4 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
NEED OF STUDY There are very few studies which are measuring effect of core stability training on speed of running and agility in female cricket players. Hence there is need to analyse the influence of core stability training on speed and agility of a cricket athlete.
5 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
6 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
AIM To check or assess speed of running in female cricket players before and after core stability training.
OBJECTIVES To measure the effect of 2 weeks of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players using 4x10 shuttle run test. To measure the effect of 2 weeks of core stability training on agility in female cricket players using T-test.
7 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
HYPOTHESIS
8 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
HYPOTHESIS Null hypothesis There is no significant difference on speed of running in female cricket players after core stability training.
Alternative hypothesis There is significant increase in speed of running in female cricket players after core stability training.
9 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
10 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Subramanian A. 2014 have studied that investigation of core strength training induced adaptation on selected physical and physiological parameters of cricket players. He concluded that eight weeks of core strength training had significant impact on selected physical and physiological parameters like Flexibility, Vital Capacity, Mean Arterial Pressure, Back strength, Muscular strength.
Stanton, R. et al (2013) have studied that the effect of short –term swiss ball training in core stability and running economy. He concluded that performed 2 Swiss ball training sessions per week for 6 weeks. There a significant effect of Swiss ball training on core stability and running economy.
Saeterbakken AH et al 2011 have studied that effect of core stability training on throwing velocity in female handball players. There is 24 female high school handball players and participated. There is divided in to 2 groups. Both groups performed their regular handball training for 6 weeks. In addition, Experimental group was given with core stability training. The result showed that core stability training program twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks improve highly specific performance task like throwing velocity.
Akuthota, V.et al (2008) have studied that Core stability exercise principles. Core stability and its motor control have been shown to be imperative for initiation of functional limb movements, as needed in athletics. That
summarizes the anatomy of the core, the progression of
core strengthening, the available evidence for its theoretical construct, and its efficacy in musculoskeletal conditions.
11 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
METHODOLOGY 12 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
METHODOLOGY
Study Design: Experimental study Study Setting: R. K. University campus Sampling Technique: convenience Study Population: 18-25 years old recreational female cricket players Study Sample: 20 subjects
Study Duration: Training duration – 2 weeks Total Study duration - 14 weeks
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION INCLUSION CRITERIA Female recreational cricket players with age between 18-25 year. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Any musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary or neurological disorders which may not permit the player to perform the running tests.
13 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY Paper Pen Measurement tap Cardboard box (in replace to cones for markings) Chalk Stick Stop Watch BP monitor
Figure 9.1 materials
METHOD Eligible cricket players were included in study. Those who met inclusion & exclusion criteria were selected for the study. The subject will to participate were asked to sign informed consent. Those who given consent were explained procedure of the study thoroughly. The subject were assessed by basic assessment format which includes: Core muscle evaluation: 14 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
While there is no Single measure of core stability a few simple tests will provide an indication of the endurance of certain key muscle groups. The four tests advocated are the lateral bridges, and the torso flexor and extensor endurance tests. The bridge tests are functional in that they assess strength, muscle endurance and how well the athlete is able to control the trunk by the synchronous activation of many muscles. 1. The lateral bridge test (Fig. 9.2) assesses the lateral core muscles. Failure occurs when the patient loses the straight posture and the hip falls towards the table.[7]
Figure 9.2 lateral bridge 2. The torso flexors test (Fig, 9.3) can be done by timing how long the patient can hold a position of seated torso flexion at 60°. Failure occurs when the athlete's torso falls below 60°.[7]
Figure 9.3 torso flexors 15 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
3. Extensor endurance test(Fig, 9.4): The athlete is prone over the edge of the couch with the pelvis, hips and knees secured. The upper limbs are held across the chest with the hands resting on the opposite shoulders.[7]
Figure 9.4 Extensor endurance The speed and agility of subject was assessed by 4x10 shuttle run test & T test for agility. 4x10 shuttle run test: This test requires the person to run back and forth between two parallel lines as fast as possible. Set up two lines of cones 10 feet apart or use line markings, and place two blocks of wood or a similar object behind one of the lines. Starting at the line opposite the blocks, on the signal "Ready? Go!" the participant runs to the other line, picks up a block and returns to place it behind the starting line, then returns to pick up the second block, then runs with it back across the line.
Figure 9.5 4x10 shuttle run test 16 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
T test for agility: Set out four cones as illustrated in the diagram above (5 yards = 4.57 m, 10 yards = 9.14 m). The subject starts at cone A. On the command of the timer, the subject sprints to cone B and touches the base of the cone with their right hand. They then turn left and shuffle sideways to cone C, and also touches its base, this time with their left hand. Then shuffling sideways to the right to cone D and touching the base with the right hand. They then shuffle back to cone B touching with the left hand, and run backwards to cone A. The stopwatch is stopped as they pass cone A.
Figure 9.6 T test for agility After assessing this, core stability training will be given for 2 weeks. In core stability training bridging, modified push up, side push up(both side), curl up. After 2 weeks of core stability training, 4x10 shuttle run test & T test for agility will be used to measure change in speed and agility. Core stability training: 1) Side push up (both side): It exercises for the obliques, quadrates lumborum and
transversus abdominis. In the beginning, position the patient on the side supported by the elbow and hip. The free hands placed on the opposite shoulder pulling it down. The torso is straightened until the body is supported on the elbow and feet.[7]
17 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
2) Curl up: It exercises for the rectus abdominis Patient lies supine with the hands supporting the lumbar region. Do not flatten the back to the floor. One leg is bent with the knee flexed to 90°. Do not flex the cervical spine. Leave the elbows on the floor while elevating the head and shoulders a short distance off the floor.[7]
3) Bridging: patient lies supine with the hands in side of the body. Both legs are bent with the knee flexed to 90°. And elevating the lower back region and hip a short distance off the floor.[7]
TRAINING SESSIONS: Core stability training given 5 days a week for 2 consecutive weeks. Each session began with a general warm-up of 5 minutes and consisted of 4 exercises. The total duration of training session was 30 minutes.
18 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
19 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
RESULTS
20 Effect of core stability training on speed of running in female cricket players.
RESULT All the statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 16 version for windows software. Paired t-test was used for group analysis. Level of significance kept 0.05
Table10.1 Intra group analysis for 4x10 shuttle run test TEST
Mean
SD
PRE
POST
PRE
POST
30.1885
25.8530
2.61195
1.67647
P
T
value
value
