Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

ISSN: 2348-6775

An overview of tourism circuits” A Case study of Jammu region.” Shahnawaz Chowdhary*

Abstract A tourist Circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist destinations are located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city. At the same time they are not separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist who enters at the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places identified on the circuit. The objective of having a tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the circuit on the one hand and to provide to the tourist the attractions of all the destinations located on the circuit. The aim of the study is to highlight the identification of tourism circuit of Jammu region and their potential and carrying capacity, Ministry of tourism is in processes of identifying tourism circuits across all the state .These circuits are proposed to be developed during the 12 th plan (2012-2017), in an integrated manner with Central Financial Assistance and appropriate involvement of State Governments and private sector. For Phase I, the process has been completed with the selection of existing/new tourist circuits (4 in each state and 2 in Union Territories). These circuits have been structured considering the length, duration and connectivity. For Phase II, similar exercise has undertaken and identification of the basic tourism related infrastructure and promotional needs of the identified circuits, along with the tentative cost estimates. State Jammu and Kashmir is divided into three different circuits which are listed below. Circuit 1:- Yousmarg – Aharbal – Amalgam – Verinag – Kokernag – Kishtwar – Bhaderwah. Circuit 2:- Lakhanpur – Basoli – Surinsar – Mansar – Jammu – Katra –Shivkhori – Shud Mahadev – Patnitop. Circuit 3:- Nyoma – Tangtse – Leh – Basgo – Hundar(Nubra)- Turtuk (Nubra) – Mangue – Temigang – Khaltsi.

Key Words: - Circuit tourism, typified, carrying capacity

*Research Scholar, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Services School of Tourism and Hospitality Services Management IGNOU, New Delhi

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

ISSN: 2348-6775

Introduction The concept of tourism circuits was clearly outlined by Cullinan et al. (1977) in “Central America Panama Circuit Tourism Study‟ as a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident of a third country”. Definition of a Circuit: A tourist Circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist destinations are located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city. At the same time they are not separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist who enters at the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places identified on the circuit. The objective of having a tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the circuit on the one hand and to provide to the tourist the attractions of all the destinations located on the circuit. Literature review:According to the (Cullinan et al in 1977) He outlined the concept in “Central America Panama Circuit Tourism Study‟ as a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident of a third country”. According the (MoT, 2008). Tourist circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist destinations are located in different areas but within such distance that tourists can and would like to cover them in a sequence. According to the (Hotelmule.com, 2011). Tourism circuit involves visits to three are more than one destination during a trip away from home. Circuits can be developed either within a country (intra-border) or between two or more countries (cross-border). Cross-border circuits could be based on various themes or on effective transport connectivity (Sisodia, 2011). A few types of circuit development that can take place around a theme are religious circuits, historical events circuits, tribal circuits, heritage circuits, art and crafts circuits, wildlife tourism circuits etc. Identification of tourist destinations and Circuits: - The destinations & circuits will be selected on the basis of its tourism potential in consultation with the State Governments. The Destinations/ Circuits to be taken up for development will be identified by the Ministry of Tourism at the beginning of each

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

ISSN: 2348-6775

year. A tourist circuit could be limited to a State or it could be a regional circuit covering more than a State/UT. The identification of the project, the implementing agency, and the mode of channelization of funds would be done in consultation with the State Govt. /UT Administration.

Aim and Objectives of the Study:a) To analyze the growth and pattern of circuit tourism around the state and at the national level (i.e. Jammu & Kashmir, India).

b) Identify infrastructural projects to be initiated by Centre/State/Private sector. c) To analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations d) To explore the opportunities for Jammu & Kashmir to promote circuit tourism in cooperation with the neighbouring state and countries like China and Pakistan. e) To identify the constraints and challenges lying on the way to such initiatives. f) Proposing strategies to ensure success in developing cross-border tourist circuits and promoting circuit tourism. Methodology of the Study:a) Secondary data has constructed the vital part of the paper. Data on the patterns and volume of inter-state circuit tourism have been collected from different sources, i.e. articles, reports, books, newspaper, internet documents etc. For the conceptual development of the paper, literature review has constructed the necessary critical reasoning. Due to the non-empirical nature of the study, collection of primary data of any sort has been kept out of consideration. b) The conceptual framework of the study starts from the study about the phase –II tourist circuits in Jammu region. The second part of the conceptual framework consists of analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations. Approaches and Methodology used for identification of circuits:The detailed report of different approaches and methodology which is used during identification of circuits is given as below in the form of diagrams. Secondary Research Initial Screening of Tourist Circuits

Short Listing of Circuits

 Potential  Population  Connectivity

 Discussion with Department of Tourism.  Representative of travel and Tourism Industry and other stake holders.

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

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Identified Circuits along with Priority Circuits. Carrying Capacity Assessment

Parameters  Transportation road condition.  Access to modes of Transportation.  Way side amenities.  Management of Tourist attraction.

Detailed infrastructure Gap Assessment

Identification of prospective projects with Block

Based on

cast estimation

 Stake holder Consultation.  Reconnaissance Survey.

FINAL REPORT

Geographical Location &Tourism in Jammu & Kashmir:Lying in the northern most part of the country, the state covers an area of 2, 22,236 sq km and is the sixth largest state in terms of area. It is surrounded by Himachal Pradesh in its south as well as neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan and China from west, north and east, respectively. The state of Jammu and Kashmir comprises 22 districts, 82 Tehsils. According to Census of India 2011, the state accommodates a population of 1.25 crore (12548926), registering a population density of 124 persons per sq.km and sex ratio of 883.

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

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The tourism industry in the state plays vital role in the development of the regions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. The state has been a place of religious activities and shrines having their own religious values, which attract thousands of pilgrims every year. With the arrival of winter, the state offers a multitude of options for winter sports activities. Jammu as a tourist Circuits:Lakhanpur – Basoli – Surinsar – Mansar – Jammu – Katra –Shivkhori – Shud Mahadev – Patnitop This circuit covers a distance of approximately 444 kms with Lakhanpur as an entry/exit point. The circuit is well connected by road (NH-1D) and can be covered in duration of five days. A brief description of the tourist circuit has been given below.

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

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Lakhanpur: - Lakhanpur is popularly known as the gateway to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The town is located in Kathua district and is about 90 kms south-east of Jammu. There are many places of much historical importance in and around Lakhanpur which includes Bani & Basholi. There are also many interesting tourist spots in the region. Basoli: - Located 147 kms south-east of Jammu, Basoli is a tourist destination with natural scenic beauty which is famous for its unique Pahari art. It represents the cultural heritage and traditional legacy of the region. Surinsar: - Surinsar is known for its natural beauty of the crystal water lake, bound on all sides by the rising hills thick in forest cover. It is situated at a distance of 42 kms from Jammu and is well connected by road. Mansar:- Mansar is situated 62 kms away from Jammu and is well known for its natural beauty fringed by forest-covered hills. Apart from being a picnic spot, Mansar Lake has significant religious importance. Jammu: -Renowned as city of temples with attractive surroundings, Jammu is a destination located at the foot hills of Himalayas and is the winter capital of the state. The city is known for its ancient temples, imposing palaces and historically renowned places.

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Katra:- Katra is a small town located 48 kms north of Jammu, at a height of approximately 750 meters. It is the gateway to the holy shrine of Vaishno Devi. Shivkhori:- Shivkhori is located in Ransoo village which is about 140 kms from Jammu. It is a Hindu cave shrine devoted to lord Shiva, where devotees flock in large number during peak season. Shud Mahadev:- Shud Mahadev is situated about 120 kms from Jammu. It is believed to be 2800 years old. The temple of Sudh Mahadev houses a natural black marble Lingam, the Trident (Trishul) of Lord Shiva and mace believed to be that of Bheema, one of the five legendary Pandava brothers. Patnitop:- Patnitop located about 110 kms north-east of Jammu, is mainly famous for its many adventure spots. There are options available for skiing, paragliding, golfing and trekking in Patnitop. The water springs in the region are also a major tourist attraction. Description of destinations in Jammu Circuit:City Lakhanpur

Tourist destination Bani

Description This place serves as a base camp for the trekkers.

Basholi

Beautiful town founded by Raja Bhupat Paul.

Basoli

Dhar Mahanpur

A new emerging tourist resort.

Surinsar

Surinsar lake

A beautiful lake with boating facilities.

Mansar

Mansar lake Shri Mata Vaishno Devi

City’s mythological association with Mata Rani.

temple. Bahu fort

Fort was built by Raja Bahulochan; it’s a religious place.

Amar Mahal, Jammu

Amar palace built by a French architect and is built in red sand stone.

Gadhadharji Temple

The Gadhadharji Temple is one of the revered shrines constructed during the reigns of Maharaja Gulab Singh.

Dogra Art museum

The very renowned Dogra Art Museum situated in the Pink Hall of Jammu’s Mubarak Mandi complex.

Mubarak Mandi Palace

This palace was the royal residence of the Maharaja of

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complex

Jammu and Kashmir from the Dogra Dynasty.

Baba Dhansar Temple

A huge spring is emerging from the rocks which form a number of small cascading waterfalls.

Jhajjar Kotli

The crystal clear, cool waters of Jhajjar attract picnickers in large number especially during summers.

Katra

Katra

It is a Small town and gateway to Vaishno Mata Mandir.

Shivkhori

Shivkhori

A famous Hindu cave shrine devoted to lord Shiva.

Shud

Shud Mahadev

Sudh Mahadev houses a natural black marble Lingam, the Trident (Trishul) of Lord Shiva.

Mahadev Patni Top

Sanasar

Paragliding, Camping, Trekking, Abseiling, Rock Climbing etc.

Natha Top

Nathatop is a Snow Coated Hills and is popular for paragliding Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism

Carrying Capacity Assessment:The analysis of carrying capacities and infrastructure gap assessment is presented in the Chart below Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis of Jammu Circuit.

Tourist town Destination Covered Existing Carrying Available Existing Carrying Available Load

Capacity Carrying Load

Capacity Carrying

Capacity 2011 Lakhanpur

Bani

Capacity 2021

8462

8880

418

8866

8880

14

Basholi Basoli

Dhar Mahanpur

14535

16965

2430

16038

16965

927

Jammu

Shri Mata Vashino

80383

128617

482337

100423

128617

281939

Devi

9

7

8

7

Temple Bahu fort

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Amar Mahal Gadhadharji Temple Dogra Art Mesuem Mubarak Mandi Palace complex Baba Dhansar Temple Jhajjar Kotli

Katra

Katra

16807

9990

-6817

19153

9990

-9163

Tourist Carrying Capacity in Lakhs

Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism

Town wise Carrying Capacity of Circuit-2 3500000 3000000 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0 -500000

Lakhanpur

Basoli

Jammu

Katra

Exixting Load-2011

8462

14535

803839

16807

Carrying Capacity-2011

8880

16965

1286177

9990

Available Capacity-2011

418

2430

482337

-6817

Exixting Load-2021

8866

16038

1004238

19153

Carrying Capacity-2021

8880

16965

1286177

9990

14

927

2881939

-9163

Available Capacity-2021

As evident from the table above, Kathua shows the highest tourist Carrying Capacity. This can be attributed to the fact that it has many religious spots and has a very good tourist infrastructure. Katra on the other hand shows a deficit in carrying capacity owing to its insufficient infrastructure. In all, all the destinations in the circuit will have to keep up with growth in the tourist inflow.

Existing Infrastructure Gaps:-

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

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Lakhanpur Better tourist infrastructure and products needed to promote it as a popular tourist destination. Parking needed at destinations in near future. Better Solid Waste Management needed. Basohli Up gradation of approach road needed. Basohli art needs to be promoted better. Necessary accommodation and basic utilities at destination. Better tourist infrastructure and products needed to promote it as a popular tourist destination. Surinsar The lake needs revitalization. Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment. Lakefront can be better developed. Mansar Parking is needed. The lake needs revitalization. Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment. Lakefront can be better developed. Jammu Upgradation of temples needed. Directional and Information Signages need to be provided. Better tourist products needed to cater to the existing flow and enhance their stay. Katra Overall management efforts needed. Solid waste management is a concern. Better accommodation facilities needed. Better organised camel safaris needed. Better quality Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourists. Shivkhori

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Approach road. Better accommodation facilities needed at Ransoo. Overall management efforts needed. Solid waste management is a concern. Better quality Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourists. Sudhamahadev Better Accommodation needs to be provided. Better arrangements need to be put in place for the Sudhamahadev Mela. Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourist. Patnitop Further Upgradation and promotion of adventure and winter sports needed. Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment. Estimated Employment Generation:The proposed investments at the tourist destinations and the circuits are expected to generate employment the figures of which have been estimated on a district level because of the direct and indirect nature of employment generation from these investments. To estimate the number of employment generated an investment multiplier of 78 jobs per million investments is taken.

Place

Investments Proposed (INR Cr)

Estimated Employment Generation (persons)

Lakhanpur

19.2

14976

Basohli

45.93

35825

Surinsar

40.03

31223

Mansar

40

31200

Jammu

130.32

101650

Katra

65.2

50856

Shivkhori

21.3

16614

Sudhamahadev

39.9

31122

Patnitop

38.31

29882

Total

Total 343348

Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism

Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014

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Investments Proposed (In Cr) Investments Proposed (INR Cr) 130.32

65.2 45.93

40.03

40

39.9

38.31

21.3

19.2

Part –A (Destination wise break up of investment) The above graph shows that Jammu receiving highest investment 130.32 and another hand Lakhanpur is having lowest in share of investment.

Estimated Employment Generation (persons) Estimated Employment Generation (persons)

101650

50856 35825 14976

31223

31200

31122

29882

16614

Part –B (Destination wise break up of estimated employment generation in persons) As evident from the table above, Jammu shows top in estimated employment generation in persons the total no of expected employment beneficiary persons are 101650, those who get direct and indirect nature of

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employment generation from these investments given in Part –A (Destination wise break up of

investment) Project Identification, Block Cost Estimates, Implementation and Funding  Project Identification, Block Cost Estimates, Implementation and Funding for Circuit 2

S.NO

Lakhanpur

S.NO

Indicative Cost

Implementing

(In Cr.)

Agency

Information Centre

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

Drinking water

0.1

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

Public Convenience

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

PPP

PIDDC

Parking 30 cars

0.5

Tourism Deptt.

PPP

PIDDC

Solid Waste Management Directional and Information Signages

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

Cultural Centre with performances, amphitheatre

6

Lakhanpur Sarthal Development Authority (LDA)

PPP

PIDDC

Water and Adventure Park

12

PPP

PIDDC

Project

Project

Indicative Cost

LSDA

Mode f funding Existing Schemes

Implementing Agency Mode funding

Existing Schemes

(In Cr.)

Basohli

Museum and art gallery for Basohli painting Information Centre Drinking water

5

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

0.1

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

Public Convenience Parking 30 cars

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

PPP

PIDDC

0.5

Tourism Deptt.

PPP

PIDDC

Solid Waste Management

0.15

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

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S.NO

Mansar

S.NO

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0.15

Tourism Deptt.

Indicative Cost

Implementing

(in Cr.)

Agency

Lake Revitalization Edge treatment with walkways, street lights and shaded resting places with SWM Boating and allied adventure sports Site Up gradation and Beautification Camping and Picnic spots Houseboats(4 nos)

10

Solid Waste Management Directional and Information Signages Floating barricades to protect migratory birds Star category Huts (10 nos) Budget accommodation (10 rooms, 2 dormitories) Lake Revitalization Edge treatment with walkways, street lights and shaded resting places with SWM Boating and allied adventure sports Site Up gradation and Beautification

Project

Project

Public

PIDDC

Mode funding

Existing Schemes

SMDA

PPP

PIDDC

5

SMDA

Public

PIDDC

3.5

Tourism Deptt.

PPP

PIDDC

3

SMDA

Public

PIDDC

1

SMDA

PPP

PIDDC

4.83

SMDA

PPP

PIDDC

0.1

SMDA

Public

PIDDC

0.1

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

0.75

SMDA

Public

PIDDC

8.85

SMDA

PPP

PIDDC

2.90

SMDA

PPP

PIDDC

10

SMDA

PPP

PIDDC

5

SMDA

Public

PIDDC

3.5

Tourism Deptt.

PPP

PIDDC

3

SMDA

Public

PIDDC

Indicative Cost

Implementing

(in Cr.)

Agency

Mode funding

Existing Schemes

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star Hotel (50 rooms)

52.34

Jammu Development Authority (JDA)

PPP

PIDDC

Budget accommodation (50 rooms, 10 dormitories) Tawi Riverfront Development Directional and Information Signages Water and Adventure Park

12.5

JDA

PPP

PIDDC

20

JDA

PPP

PIDDC

0.75

Tourism Deptt.

Public

PIDDC

20

JDA

PPP

PIDDC

Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism

Conclusion Tourism promotion can be compared to selling dreams. To sell dreams to tourists, they must be beautiful and believable. In promoting circuit tourism in Jammu region, the challenge to face is to ensure that all the destinations spread across the region are equally successful in the three key destination services characteristics: quality, consistency, and integrity. To ensure that these characteristics are maintained, an intense and continuous cooperation and effort are needed among the sub-destinations at the regional levels. The opportunities to promote circuit tourism in Jammu region are quite evident. What is lacking, however, is consistent commitment, in terms of action on the ground, to transform the need and will into solid action. Given the premise above, it is the responsibility of both the public and private sectors to come forward in developing Regional Tourism Promotion for Jammu tourism industry to move few steps forward thus contributing significantly to the state economy, reduction of unemployment and bringing manifold good to the society. References 

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