Table 1. Sending and Receiving Starting Points: Age Adjusted Poverty Rates, Educational Attainment, and Occupational Attainment by national origin, US Population 25 and Older 2006-2010 Percentage in Educational Mean Occupational Status Net Difference Index: Ethnic Group Poverty Attainment Score Educational Selectivity* Whites 3+ Generation Blacks 3+ Generation Hispanics 3+ Generation
HS
College
.077
.927
.336
49.106
.207
.841
.185
44.366
.143
.798
.159
45.452
Foreign Born Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban
.179 .189
.770 .786
.202 .191
41.208 42.516
.650 .399
Mexico .256 .363 .053 35.710 .208 Puerto Rican .236 .696 .172 43.519 -.064 Salvadoran .157 .437 .076 36.233 .350 Asia Chinese .149 .867 .580 55.393 .671 Filipino .055 .941 .532 49.752 .597 Korean .174 .947 .578 40.558 .525 Vietnamese .102 .763 .247 48.078 .595 Weighted percentages from the 2006, 2008, and 2010 March Current Population Surveys. The composite second generation is the standard population. The 1.5 Generation is defined as the foreign born who immigrated before secondary school (younger than 13). The 2nd generation are children born in the United States to at least one foreign born parent. Where national origins of the mother and father differ, the national origin of the father is used. Poverty is defined as the official poverty status of the individual’s household according to the definition of poverty originally developed by the Social Security Administration in 1964, later modified by federal interagency committees in 1969 and 1980. High school completion includes GED. College completion includes a bachelors degree or higher. Occupational status scores are created from ISCO-88 occupation codes into the International Socio-Economic Index Scores (Ganzeboom and Treiman 1996). Net Difference Score from Feliciano (2005): Table X
Table 2. Age-Adjusted Poverty Rates, by national origin and generational status, US Population 25 and Older 2006-2010 Ethnic Group Whites 3+ Generation Blacks 3+ Generation Hispanics 3+ Generation
Percentage in Poverty .077 .207 .143 Generation
Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Std. Dev Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese
1st
1.5
2nd
.179 .189 .256 .236 .157
.071 .055 .159 .202 .081
.133 .069 .116 .154 .122
.149 .055 .174 .102
.041 .037 .075 .067
.065 .067 .081 .048
.062
.056
.037
2.33 2.45 3.32 3.07 2.04
Ratio to Whites 3+ 0.92 0.71 2.07 2.62 1.05
1.72 0.89 1.50 2.00 1.59
1.93 0.53 0.72 0.48 2.26 0.98 1.32 0.87 Percent change from 1st Gen -60% -71% -38% -15% -48%
0.85 0.87 1.05 0.62 -26% -64% -55% -35% -22%
-72% -34% -57%
-56% 21% -54%
-34%
-53%
Table 3. Age-Adjusted Rates of High School and College Completion, by national origin and generational status, US Population 25 and Older 2006-2010 Ethnic Group Whites 3+ Generation Blacks 3+ Generation Hispanics 3+ Generation
Percentage Completed HS .927 .841 .798
College .336 .185 .159
Immigrant Origin Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Std. Dev Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese
Generation HS .770 .786 .363 .696 .437 .867 .941 .947 .763
1st College .202 .191 .053 .172 .076 .580 .532 .578 .247
HS .783 .790 .594 .726 .522
1.5 College .328 .269 .093 .108 .164
.808 .858 .822 .719
.552 .389 .481 .363
.206
.212
.111
.161
0.83 0.85 0.39 0.75 0.47
0.60 0.56 0.16 0.51 0.22
Ratio to Whites 3+ 0.85 0.96 0.85 0.79 0.64 0.27 0.78 0.32 0.56 0.48
0.94 1.02 1.02 0.82
1.71 0.87 1.62 1.56 0.93 1.14 1.70 0.89 1.42 0.73 0.78 1.07 Percent change from 1st Gen 2% 62% 0% 41% 64% 76% 4% -37% 19% 116%
2nd HS .931 .868 .761 .835 .828
College .395 .384 .156 .169 .264
.957 .952 .886 .814
.669 .426 .508 .426 .067
.163
1.01 0.94 0.82 0.90 0.89
1.16 1.13 0.46 0.50 0.78
1.03 1.03 0.96 0.88
1.97 1.25 1.49 1.25
21% 10% 110% 20% 89%
95% 101% 194% -2% 248%
-7% -9% -13%
-5% -27% -17%
18% 11% 8%
15% -20% -12%
-6%
47%
13%
72%
Table 4. Age-Adjusted Mean Occupational Status Scores, by national origin and generational status, US Population 25 and Older 2008-2010 Native Group White Black Hispanic
Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Std. Dev Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese Western Hemisphere Caribbean Cuban Mexico Puerto Rican Salvadoran Asia Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese
Average ISEI 49.106 44.366 45.452 Generation 1.5 50.096 50.585 42.082 44.212 44.048
1st 41.208 42.516 35.710 43.519 36.233 55.393 49.752 40.558 48.078
52.441 53.266 47.400 51.051 6.419 0.83 0.86 0.72 0.88 0.73
2nd 51.133 53.775 45.032 46.355 47.450 56.627 55.105 54.112 52.146
4.063 Ratio to Whites 3+ 1.01 1.02 0.85 0.90 0.89
1.12 1.06 1.01 1.08 0.82 0.96 0.97 1.03 Percent change from 1st Gen 21.57% 18.98% 17.84% 1.59% 21.57%
4.126 1.04 1.09 0.91 0.94 0.96 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.06 24.09% 26.48% 26.10% 6.52% 30.96%
-5.33% 7.06% 16.87%
2.23% 10.76% 33.42%
6.18%
8.46%
Table 5. Educational and Occupational Intergenerational Mobility Men and Women ages 22-32 San Diego, Los Angeles and Miami Educational Mobility N
Origin
Upward
Lateral
200 184
Downward
White 3+ Black 3+
.220 .200
.480 .380
.300 .430
210
Mexican 3+
.290
.360
.350
274 757 796
Caribbean Cuban Mexican
.420 .410 .550
.310 .340 .300
.270 .250 .160
161 247 736 222 313
Salvadoran Chinese Filipino Korean Vietnamese
.520 .320 .180 .250 .530
.250 .540 .400 .510 .340
.230 .150 .430 .240 .130
Occupational Mobility N
Upward
Lateral
Downward
220 604 733
.277 .296 .422
.300 .278 .256
.423 .425 .322
161 216 616 182 261
.484 .398 .205 .374 .490
.255 .208 .219 .308 .245
.261 .394 .576 .319 .264
1296 Others .370 .380 .260 1017 .333 .261 .406 Crude mobility patterns from the combined IIMMLA and CILS Samples. To maximize cell size, all children of at least one immigrant parent, either born in the US or immigrated before the age of 15, are combined together.
Table 6. Predicted Probability of Mobility, by Parental Status Men and Women ages 22-32 San Diego, Los Angeles and Miami Educational Mobility, Controlling for Parental Status and Age Parental Education White 3+ Black 3+ Mexican 3+ Caribbean Cuban Mexico Salvadora n Chinese Filipino Korean Vietname se Other
Parental
Less than HS Up .340 .506
High School
Down
Some College
College +
Up .558 .384
Down .179 .385
Up .274 .182
Down .302 .250
Up
Down .502 .796
.744
.344
.352
.221
.344
.770
.909 .942 .788
.822 .726 .544
.046 .060 .140
.350 .293 .190
.139 .142 .298
.595 .527 .723
.848 1.000 .934 1.000
.699 .946 .761 .894
.142 .028 .020 .031
.333 .524 .273 .546
.268 .053 .172 .202
.701 .256 .616 .361
.972
.880
.048
.530
.097
.323
.933 .674 .087 .306 .188 .536 Educational Mobility, Controlling for Parental Status, Age, Citizenship, Generation and Parental Occupational Status Less than HS Up .939 .962 .853
High School
Down
Some College
Up .875 .783 .641
Down .017 .030 .064
Up .400 .317 .240
Down .084 .118 .195
College + Up
Down .576 .554 .661
Caribbean Cuban Mexico Salvadora n Chinese Filipino Korean Vietname se
.908 1.000 .943 1.000
.814 .971 .814 .928
.048 .010 .010 .010
.439 .624 .301 .626
.144 .022 .141 .099
.662 .251 .613 .344
1.000
.925
.021
.601
.052
.291
Other
.963
.778
.031
.381
.098
.483
Table 7. Predicted Probability of Occupational Mobility, by Parental Status Men and Women ages 22-32 San Diego, Los Angeles and Miami Occupational Mobility, Controlling for Parental Status and Age of 24 Parental Occupational Prestige Caribbean Cuban Mexico Salvadoran Chinese Filipino Korean
Up .721 .880 .700 .718 .901 .887 .893
Down .050 .010 .066 .072 .007 .009 .005
Up .564 .739 .493 .557 .795 .720 .775
Down .121 .044 .188 .164 .031 .050 .022
Up .228 .265 .118 .217 .363 .171 .346
Down .406 .345 .618 .485 .306 .473 .222
Up .119 .104 .044 .112 .158 .047 .158
Down .569 .573 .780 .643 .561 .720 .432
Vietnamese
.909
.013
.764
.054
.250
.347
.095
.532
Other
.847 .034 .672 .106 .214 .431 .090 .593 Occupational Mobility, Controlling for Parental Status, Age, Citizenship, Generation and Parental Occupational Status
26
Parental Occupational Prestige
Up
Caribbean
.806
a
34b
26
49c
34
Down .027
Up .655
56d
49
Down .079
Up .264
56
Down .358
Up .129
Down .540
Cuban
.913
.006
.792
.029
.307
.301
.118
.542
Mexico
.802
.035
.618
.121
.171
.546
.063
.739
Salvadoran
.805
.041
.654
.111
.264
.429
.130
.608
Chinese
.918
.005
.816
.024
.367
.287
.152
.549
Filipino
.897
.007
.733
.042
.172
.451
.045
.706
Korean
.910
.003
.795
.017
.345
.205
.149
.418
Vietnamese
.931
.008
.803
.039
.269
.316
.098
.509
Other .887 .021 .732 .074 10th percentile b25th percentile c50th percentile d75th percentile
.247
.379
.101
.554
a
