Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

Eastern Iowa Community Colleges EICC Title IX Compliance June, 2011 Introduction Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education program and activities by recipients of Federal financial assistance, which includes schools, colleges and universities. The Federal Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has put forth a Three Part Test for Title IX compliance: •

•

•

Whether intercollegiate level participation opportunities for male and female students are provided in numbers that are proportional to the respective institution’s fulltime undergraduate enrollment, or Where the members of one sex have been and are underrepresented among intercollegiate athletes, whether the institution can show a history and continuing practice of expansion of athletic opportunities responsive to the developing interests and abilities of the members of the underrepresented gender, or Where the members of one sex are underrepresented among intercollegiate athletes and the institutions cannot show a history and continuing practice of program expansion as described above, whether it can be demonstrated that the interests and abilities of the members of that sex have been fully and effectively accommodated by the present program.

According to a 2000 General Accounting Office evaluation of athletics and Title IX, more than two thirds of institutions indicated they were pursing the third part as their method of compliance with Title IX. April 20, 2011, the OCR rescinded a 2005 clarification and accompanying model survey, returning Title IX compliance to a 1996 Clarification. The 1996 Clarification gave guidance to a three-part test used to analyze compliance in the accommodation of students’ athletic interests and abilities (the Third of the Three Part Test), including examples of how it could be applied. An institution can show that the underrepresented sex is not being denied opportunities, i.e. that the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex are fully and effectively accommodated.

LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

EICC and Part One of the Three-Part Test A school can demonstrate compliance with Part One of the Three Part Test if it can show that the athletes participation rate of the underrepresented sex is substantially proportionate to the schools fulltime undergraduate enrollment: either exact proportionality, a disparity of 1 percent if caused by an increase in the current year’s enrollment after a year of exact proportionality, or the institution’s pursuit of proportionality over a five year period and in the final year enrollment of the underrepresented sex increased so that there was a 2 percent proportionality. Eastern Iowa Community Colleges (EICC) have four men’s sport teams and four women’s sport teams. The men’s sports are baseball at Muscatine Community College, golf and soccer at Scott Community College, and basketball at Clinton Community College. The women’s sports are golf and soccer at Scott Community College, softball at Muscatine Community College, and volleyball at Clinton Community College. Compliance with Title IX rests in athlete participation rates not in number of teams by gender. In FY11 as of the day of the first scheduled contest, 69 men participated in an EICC sport, and 44women participated in an EICC sport, for a total of 113 athletes. If students participated in more than one sport, they were counted as a participant in each sport. See Table 1. Table 1 EICCD Sports Participation Levels FY11 Men’s Sports

Women’s Sports

Baseball

28 participants

Golf

2 participants

Basketball

15 participants

Soccer

13 participants

Golf

9 participants

Softball

20 participants

Soccer

17 participants

Volleyball

9participants

Total

69 participants

Total

44 participants

Gender Percentages

Male

Female

FY11 EICC Fall fulltime students enrollment gender percentages

42%

58%

FY11 EICC Athletic gender participation percentages

61.1%

38.9%

 Therefore Part One of the Three-Part Test is not met by the EICC. LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

EICC and Part Two of the Three Part Test Part Two of the Three Part Test asks whether an institution has a history and continuing practice of program expansion that is demonstrably responsive to the developing interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex. To comply with this part, the institution must document net program expansion for the underrepresented sex. There must be a causal connection between what opportunities were added and the expressed or demonstrated interests of the student body. No EICC reports exist to document the decision processes used to initiate the teams currently available at EICC colleges. Table 2 documents the years the EICC teams were created. Table 2 EICC Sports Creation Men’s Sports Women’s Sports Baseball

Golf

1996 1996

Basketball

1955

Soccer

Golf

1996

Softball

Soccer

1996

Volleyball

1982

 Therefore Part Two of the Three Part Test is not met by the EICC. Part Three of the Three Part Test As stated in the 1996 Clarification, in determining compliance with Part Three, OCR considers all of the following questions: 1. Is there unmet interest in a particular sport? 2. Is there sufficient ability to sustain a team in the sport? 3. Is there a reasonable expectation of competition for the team? If the answer to all three questions is “yes”, OCR will find that an institution is not fully accommodating the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex and therefore is not in compliance with Part Three. EICC Student Unmet Interest EICC has implemented the following procedures to determine unmet interest and ability of its underrepresented sex – females: • Distribution of an athletics interest survey to all current and admitted students of the underrepresented sex; • A publicized process whereby incoming and current students can request to add or elevate a sport; LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

• • • •

Ongoing reviews of the EICC college’s clubs or intramural sport participation levels; A review of the high school sports in our recruiting area schools; Tracking of the interscholastic athletics participation of admitted students, and Conducting of interviews and meetings with students, admitted students, coaches, administrators and other regarding interest in particular sports.

To determine the unmet interest and ability of EICC females, a web-based survey was conducted by the EICC Institutional Research Department in April 2011. The entire census of EICC fulltime and part-time female students was surveyed, for a total of 4,221 students. Survey invitations were sent to 4,247 students, with 26 emails returned as undeliverable, leaving 4,221 successfully delivered survey invitations. There were 245 responses collected, representing a 5.80% return rate. EICC Student Current Intramural Participation On the survey students were asked about their current intramural participation. Of the students responding, 218 (89%) are not currently participating in any sports. Fifteen of the respondents are currently participating in one sport (6%), 8 are currently participating in 2 sports (3%), and 4 are currently participating in three sports (2%). Table 3 identifies the intramural sports the respondents are currently participating in. Table 3 Current Intramural Participation Sport Number of respondents participating Volleyball 12 Softball 11 Soccer 6 Tennis 4 Swimming/Diving 3 Basketball 3 Outdoor Track 2 Indoor Track 1 Cross Country 1 Golf 0 NOTE: students who indicated they are participating in more than one sport are duplicated in the table.

 The sports that EICC students indicated that they currently participate in through intramurals and that EICC does not offer as intercollegiate sports are tennis, swimming/diving, basketball, outdoor and indoor track and cross country. Since all female students were surveyed through their campus cruiser EICC accounts, it is possible that some of the respondents were still in high school when they answered the survey. LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College Table 4 2011 EICC Intramural Sports

Sport 3 on 3 Basketball Volleyball (co-ed) Bags Tournament (co-ed) Ping Pong tournament (co-ed) Halo tournament (co-ed) Card tournament (co-ed) Flag football Ultimate Frisbee (co-ed) Free Throw Shooting Contest

Colleges offering (number of participants) CCC MCC SCC X X X X X (12) X X X X X (65)

EICC Students Prior Sports Experience Also on the survey, students were asked to share their prior sports experiences, in high school or at another college. Of the students responding, 83 (34%) indicated they have not participated in any sports during high school or at another college. Fiftyseven students (23%) indicated they had participated in 1 sport, 49 (20%) had participated in 2 sports, 36 (15%) had participated in 3 sports, 14 (6%) had participated in 4 sports, and 6 (2%) had participated in 5 or more sports. Participants were given the option to write in a sport they participated in if they selected “Other”. Sports listed as “other” were archery (1), bowling (2), cheerleading (6), dance team (3), dodge ball (1), football (1), gymnastics (3), roller derby (1), rugby (2), show choir (1), weight training (1) and wrestling team manager (1) See Table 5 for the sports students participated in during high school or at another college. Table 5 Prior Sports Experience Sport Number of students with prior experience Volleyball 76 Softball 58 Basketball 51 Outdoor Track 43 Soccer 35 Swimming/Diving 25 Cross Country 17 Tennis 16 Indoor Track 15 Golf 14 Other 23 LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College NOTE: students who indicated they are participating in more than one sport are duplicated in the table

 The sports EICC students stated that they had experience in that EICC does not currently offer are basketball, outdoor and indoor track, swimming/diving, cross country, and tennis. Area 09 High School Sports Team A review of the Area 09 high schools sports teams was made from the high school websites, followed up with phone calls to the high schools. See Table 7 for the full list of Area 09 high schools and the sports they offer for females.

X X X X

Andrew High School Assumption High School Bellevue High School Bettendorf High School

X

X X X X

X X

Calamus-Wheatland High School Camanche High School Clinton High School

X

Columbus Comm. High School Davenport Central Davenport North Davenport West East Central High School Louisa-Muscatine High School Maquoketa High School Marquette High School Muscatine High School North Scott High School Northeast High School Pleasant Valley High School Preston High School Prince of Peace

X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

West Liberty High School Wilton Junior/Senior High School

LHanson/May 26, 2011

X

X X X X X

X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X

X X X X

X X X

X

Volleyball

Track

Tennis

Softball

Soccer

Cross county Diving /Swimming Golf

Bowling

Basketball

High School

Archery

Table 7 Area 09 High Schools and Sport Offerings for Females

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

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X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

In addition to the sports listed on the chart, Andrew High School offers rodeo for females, and Columbus Community High School offers wrestling and football for females. Sixteen high schools offered cheerleading, and eight have dance teams; neither activity is currently is considered a collegiate sport.  The following sports have numerous high school opportunities for students: basketball, bowling, cross country, diving/swimming, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track and volleyball. Of these sports, EICC does not currently offer basketball, bowling, cross country, diving/swimming, tennis or track. EICC Student Future Interest When asked to indicate which sports they would like to participate in at CCC, MCC or SCC, 136 (55%) of the survey respondents indicated they were not interested in participating in any sport. Sixty-two (25%) indicated they were interested in participating in 1 sport, 24 (10%) indicated 2 sports, 19 (8%) indicated 3 sports, and 4 (2%) students indicated 4 or more sports. See Table 6 for the sports respondents said they were in interested in participating in at CCC, MCC or SCC. Table 6 Students Interested in Future Participation Sport Number Volleyball 44 Softball 34 Tennis 22 Soccer 21 Swimming/Diving 19 Basketball 12 Indoor Track 11 Cross Country 9 Outdoor Track 8 Golf 6 NOTE: students who indicated they are participating in more than one sport are duplicated in the table

Students were given an opportunity to make any additional comments about sports they have or would like to participate in. Twenty-one respondents commented they were not interested in participating in any sports; two indicated that there should be a college wellness facility instead of sports. Four indicated that they felt that college sports were important without mentioning any sports. Three mentioned that they would like to learn sports such as swimming, and one mentioned participating in community softball. The specific sports that the respondents’ comments indicated interest in were basketball (7) volleyball (5), soccer (3), softball (2), track (2), lacrosse (2), roller derby (1), golf (1), tennis (1), rowing (1), skiing (1) and bowling (1).

LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

 The sports students expressed interest in participating in that EICC doesn’t currently offer are tennis, basketball, swimming/diving, indoor and outdoor track and cross country.

EICC and Sufficient Number of Interested and Able Students Where unmet need is identified, the institution must determine if a viable team could be fielded. This analysis should focus on whether athletes can play the sport by 1) having interscholastic experience,2) club or intramural competition of the students interested in the sport, 3) opinions of coaches, administrators and athletes at the institutions about whether the interested and admitted students have the potential to sustain a varsity team, 4) if an intramural or club team that has previously competed at that level has the potential to sustain an intercollegiate team, 5) the minimum number of members needed to sustain a team in the this sport, including the numbers needed to practice, and substitution needs, and 6) if interested participants have the athletic skills that could translate to ability to sustain a team in this sport.

The EICC Sex Equity Survey did not ask students to indicate the college they were attending. Many of the student comments indicated they did not and were not willing to travel to another college in the District to participate in a sport. Without knowing exactly where the students indicating interest in the sports not offered by EICC currently are attending, it is difficult to determine whether the number of interested students indicates a sufficient team number. EICC and Reasonable Expectation of Competition OCR considers competitive opportunities offered by other schools against which the institution competes and competitive opportunities offered by other schools in the institution’s geographic area, including those offered by schools against which the institution does not compete. The following tables below present the Iowa and Illinois region conference women’s sports offered in FY11 by community colleges in Iowa and the Quad City region.

LHanson/May 26, 2011

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

Table 5 Female Sports in FY11 By Iowa Community College Basketball

Softball

EICC

X

DMACC

X

Ellsworth

X

IHCC

Indoor Track

Outdoor Track

X

ILCC

X

IWCC

X

KCC

X

Cross Country

Rodeo

Soccer

SwimDiving

Volley ball X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

ICCC

Marshaltown NIACC

Golf

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X X

X

SCC SECC

X

SWCC

X

LHanson/May 26, 2011

X X

X X

X

X

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Clinton Community College ● Muscatine Community College ● Scott Community College

Table 6 Female Sports in FY10 by Nearby Illinois Community Colleges Basketball

Carl Sandburg College Black Hawk College Illinois Central College Sauk Valley College Illinois Valley College Highland Comm. College Skyway Conferenc e–8 Chicago CC

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Softball X

Golf X

Indoor Track

Outdoor Track

Cross Country X

Rodeo

Soccer X

X

SwimDiving

Volley ball

Tennis

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 There appears to be reasonable expectation of competition for women in the sports not offered by EICC in the areas of basketball, tennis, cross country, and indoor and outdoor track. Recommendation It is recommended that the survey be repeated in spring 2012, with the addition of the demographic of college the student is attending be added. With this question, it will be more easily determined that the interest indicated by students is sufficient to explore adding female team sport(s) to EICC’s athletics program.

LHanson/May 26, 2011

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