EARTHWATCH 2014

CARNIVORES OF MADAGASCAR

DEAR EARTHWATCHER, Hello! I’m glad you’ve expressed interest in the Carnivores of Madagascar project and hope you’ll join me during the upcoming field season. Although this will be the 15th season Earthwatch volunteers will help in the field, this year marks the 20th anniversary of my first encounter with the focus of our studies: the dynamic yet enigmatic carnivores of the Red Island. The largest of the carnivores of Madagascar, Cryptoprocta ferox, commonly known as the fossa, is the top, keystone member of the Malagasy food chain. Despite its place of extreme importance within the ecosystem it inhabits, we know very little about the habits, distribution, or conservation status of this elusive predator. So little is known about the fossa and its natural history that, for example, the carnivore family to which this “killing machine” should be assigned has been a recent point of scientific uncertainty. With its cat-like weaponry and the tenacity of a mongoose, it is certain that the fossa is one of the most agile and capable mammalian predators on Earth. I need you to help me learn as much as possible about the fossa, its behavioral ecology, and conservation biology so that we may effectively help protect this endangered species and the ecosystem in which it plays such an important role. I hope you’re as excited about this work as I am and will join our carnivore research team in the dry forests of Ankarafantsika. See you there!

Luke Dollar Earthwatch Scientist

CONNECT WITH OTHER EARTHWATCHERS! FIND US ON FACEBOOK AT FACEBOOK.COM/ EARTHWATCH

OR ON TWITTER @EARTHWATCH_ORG, AND ON YOUTUBE AT YOUTUBE.COM/ EARTHWATCHINSTITUTE

TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION............................... 2 EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST................. 4 THE RESEARCH............................................. 6 DESTINATION................................................ 8 DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD.............................. 10 ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD...................... 12 TRAVEL TIPS................................................ 14 PROJECT CONDITIONS.................................. 16 SAFETY........................................................ 18 PROJECT STAFF...........................................20 RECOMMENDED READING............................ 21 PARTICIPANT RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ..............................22 COMMUNICATIONS........................................26

Images © Earthwatch, Chris Golden, John Hanna, Pon-Ho Liu, Harvey Lowe, Karindy Matia, Joel Quimby

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

1

GENERAL INFORMATION CARNIVORES OF MADAGASCAR

EARTHWATCH SCIENTISTS: Dr. Luke Dollar Dr. Julie Pomerantz Samuel Merson Rahajanirina Leon Pierrot

EXPEDITION DATES:

RESEARCH SITE: Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar



Team 1: July 3–July 15, 2014



Team 2: July 17–July 29, 2014



Team 3: Dec. 30, 2014–Jan. 11, 2015*

*NOTE: Team 3 in December and January will not do any live trapping activities for the safety of the fossas, who may be pregnant at that time.

Complete travel information is not available in this version of the briefing. Please contact Earthwatch with any questions.

2

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

TRIP PLANNER TO DO IMMEDIATELY q Make sure you understand and agree to Earthwatch policies and participant responsibilities.

90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION  omplete and return your volunteer forms. Below are qC the specific forms required for this expedition: q Earthwatch Participation Form for Adults  ravel Form qT

q I f traveling internationally, make sure your passport is current and obtain a visa for your destination country, if necessary (see the Passports and Visas section, pg. 15, for more details).  ake sure you have all the necessary vaccinations qM for your project site (see the Health Information section, pg. 18).  ring your level of fitness up to the standards required qB (see the Project Conditions section, pg. 16).

To complete forms, login at earthwatch.org.

60 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION

NOTE: If you have signed up for an expedition within 90 days of the start date, you must return your fully completed volunteer forms as soon as possible.

 eview the packing list (pg. 4) to make sure you have all qR the clothing, personal supplies, and equipment needed.

q Pay any outstanding balance on your expedition. q Book travel arrangements. q If you plan to purchase additional travel insurance, note that some policies require purchase when your expedition is booked (see the Insurance section, pg. 19, for more information).

30 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION  eave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with qL a friend or relative (see pg. 26).  eave copies of your passport, visa, and airline tickets qL with a friend or relative.  onfirm your travel arrangements. qC

Read this expedition briefing thoroughly. It provides the most accurate information available at the time of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

3

EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST REQUIRED GENERAL q This expedition briefing q Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; the copies should be packed separately from the original documents q Passport and/or visa (if necessary)

 ompass qC  inoculars qB

BEDDING AND BATHING q Sleeping pad

 ertification of vaccination (if necessary) qC

q Sleeping bag rated to approximately 40 degrees F

 ocumentation for travel by minors (if necessary) (see qD Volunteers Under 18 Years of Age in the Travel Tips section)

q Pillow (a bag of clothes also works)

CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORK q T-shirt q Lightweight, quick drying, long-sleeved shirts q Lightweight, quick drying pants/trousers  horts qS  -shirts qT q Fleece jacket or warm sweater or sweatshirt

q Towel(s)

PERSONAL SUPPLIES q Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos are encouraged) q A ntibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands while in the field) q Personal first aid kit (e.g., anti-diarrhea pills, antibiotics, antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers, etc.) and personal medications

q Sturdy hiking shoes or boots with heavy-duty tread (it is essential that these are well broken-in, NOT new)

q Sunscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher

q Hiking or wool socks

MISCELLANEOUS

q Sturdy hiking sandals (e.g., Chaco or Teva brand)

q Spending money

q Sleepwear (nights are generally warm but can feel chilly due to the contrast with high daytime temperatures)

q Parachute cord or nylon rope (25 to 50 feet) for clothesline, etc.

CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE

OPTIONAL ITEMS

q One set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition and recreational time, etc. q One set of clothing to wear into town. Long sleeves and long pants are suggested.

FIELD SUPPLIES q Small daypack q Insect repellent spray (DEET-free recommended, NOT for use in public or common areas) q Water bottles able to hold at least two liters (soft-sided water bags are great)  trong headlamp/flashlight/torch (Surefire lights, qS Maglites, and LED lights are recommended) plus an extra light and plenty of high-quality extra batteries and bulbs

4

 ulti-use knife tool (e.g., Swiss Army knife or qM Leatherman; be sure to pack in checked luggage)

q Camera, film or memory card(s), extra battery q Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of the expedition q Drybag or plastic sealable bags (good for protecting equipment from dust, humidity, and water) q Lots of back-up batteries; quality batteries are hard to find in country (AA, C, D sizes are particularly useful to the project) q Small (one- to four-person) tent q Comfortable trainers or sneakers to wear around camp q Mosquito net (not necessary for the tents, but if you are traveling elsewhere, you may want to bring one) q Earplugs for light sleepers

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

 andanas qB q Sharpie-brand markers and Pilot-brand ballpoint pens q Hard-backed half-size data book with heavy-bond paper q Water purification tablets (filter tanks are available on site) q Roll of toilet paper (local toilet paper may be of lower quality than you’re used to, so you may want to bring your own) q Locks for bags and tents q Field guides on Madagascar mammals, birds, etc. (some guides will be available on site)

 mall travel games (chess is available on site) or playing qS cards  mall musical instrument, such as a camping or hiking guitar qS  dapter kit, AC/DC converter qA  ental satellite phone. Dr. Dollar recommends renting qR from skyhelp.net. q Travel guide NOTE: Required and optional items lists are accurate to the best of Earthwatch’s knowledge at the time of publication.

 atch with a timer qW q Snacks and favorite foods (flavored drink mixes are highly recommended)

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

5

THE RESEARCH

CARNIVORES OF MADAGASCAR Both the problems and the solutions regarding the conservation of the animals we study come from the local level. This is why we devote at least half of our time and effort to local conservation and development initiatives. The people of Ankarafantsika need a sustainable alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture and other forms of resource exploitation. We continue to support and expand ecotourism, and we promote research and tour guide offerings by local villagers to secure an income stream for adults. To alleviate the ongoing long-term stresses of a burgeoning human population on the environment, we endeavor to maximize existing educational opportunities for local children and to develop new ones. By providing a sustainable alternative for adults and encouraging options other than a subsistence lifestyle for youth, we can substantially lessen the primary stressors on Ankarafantsika’s biodiversity.

THE STORY This project focuses on the abundance, behavior, and conservation ecology of carnivores in Ankarafantsika National Park in northwest Madagascar. It is the first long-term study of Malagasy carnivores. We are focusing on how the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), Madagascar’s largest carnivore, is affected by expanding populations of non-native carnivore species. All of the native carnivores of Madagascar are endemic to the island (found nowhere else on Earth), as are most of the other plants and animals of Madagascar. As in most biodiversity hotspots, non-endemic species encroach upon the natural habitats of Madagascar’s top endemic predator. Investigating and identifying how endemic and invasive predators divide their resources and otherwise affect one another provides significant information to increase our understanding of ecological and conservation issues in Madagascar and abroad.

6

The process of conservation occurs at a number of levels, from global to grassroots. It is at the finest of scales—in this case, the Ankarafantsika National Park—that the process of conservation both begins and ends. We have formed ecological monitoring teams of local people who work firsthand to save their own backyards. We are making significant advances in learning from and preserving our research sites by taking knowledge of our respective areas and infusing the local populations with our enthusiasm for protecting Madagascar’s biodiversity, while simultaneously going face-to-face with park managers to make our voices heard. We are not simply gathering data for scientific publication. We are examining a conservation crisis with scientific scrutiny and mounting battles to protect Madagascar’s biodiversity.

RESEARCH AIMS The overall goal of this research, conservation, and development program is to secure populations of endemic carnivores, their prey, and their habitat in and around Ankarafantsika National Park. This includes ensuring the well-being and livelihoods of the surrounding human population. The primary research objectives of the project include: • Continued monitoring of the carnivore populations and trends in the Ampijoroa Research Station area of Ankarafantsika National Park through trapping surveys to collect anatomical and physiological data on each species of carnivore at this site, and collection of carnivore scat samples for analysis of diet composition. This monitoring includes the traditional cage trapping work, but also includes a new component of an extensive camera trapping survey, covering a larger-than-ever amount of habitat in Ankarafantsika. Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

• Examination of the impact on the biodiversity of the park of the 17-kilometer (11-mile) stretch of Route Nationale 4 that bisects the park. • Examination of trends in fossa habitat by remote sensing. • Continuing conservation, development, and capacity-building projects in and around Ankarafantsika.

HOW YOU WILL HELP Earthwatch volunteers contribute greatly to our research efforts. During your expedition you may help with some of the following (these vary based on the research needs and season): Conduct ecological monitoring and biodiversity assessments in some areas of the park. We visit sites and assess wildlife and vegetation, sometimes working alongside a Malagasy student in vegetation cover monitoring or helping local villagers to get rid of invasive plant species. Survey the forest for prey populations. Individual volunteers or small groups will, on a rotating basis, do a census of vertebrates on different transects. We do the census twice daily for 10 consecutive days while we’re out checking the traps. Check live traps and camera traps. Individual volunteers or small groups will, on a rotating basis, to check traps on different transects. During the active live trapping phase of the project, we check the traps twice daily for 10 consecutive days. Team 3 in December-January will not conduct any live trapping activities for the safety of the fossas, which may be pregnant at this time. You may also help handle, measure, mark, collar, and release study animals, although research staff will have the primary responsibilities for these tasks. If you wish to handle fossa, you must be vaccinated against rabies (see the Safety section, pg. 18).

To obtain data on animal mortality due to motor vehicles in the park, take daily walks along the 17-kilometer (11-mile) stretch of the national highway that bisects Ankarafantsika and record the number of road-killed animals. This work has resulted in the installation of speed bumps on the road with a consequent reduction in the number of animals killed. Process domestic animals and assist with spay-neuter efforts. With the aim of conserving the Malagasy carnivores, the project has begun a reproduction control program of the non-native carnivores present inside the park—usually rogue or domestic dogs—which may be a threat to the endemic ones. Volunteers may assist the staff veterinarian and the veterinary students in their spaying and neutering activities and rabies vaccination of these carnivores, but won’t be involved in any capture or humane euthanasia that park management could possibly request. Ground-truth satellite image analysis of habitats, trail marking, and mapping. Conduct ecological and GIS surveys with a staff guide in the more remote parts of Ankarafantsika National Park beyond the Ampijoroa Station area. Visit local communities and schools to do environmental education and outreach. Assist in the construction of new schools. Earthwatch volunteers helped construct and inaugurate a new local primary school in 2012 and we are currently engaged in a new construction. An additional new school will be completed and inaugurated in July, 2014. Volunteers will also assist in the painting (general and educational-based displays) of the interior of the school, construction of new desks, and putting the finishing touches on this newest school.

Only trained staff members will tranquilize and draw blood from study animals for the sake of animal safety. You won’t receive training in anesthesia. You are, however, strongly encouraged to observe closely during these activities.

Assist in building rocket stoves, which are fuel-efficient cook stoves made of local clays produced and distributed locally to reduce the volume of wood used for cooking by the populace at large.

Our 150+ camera traps will be checked or verified every second day while the team is on site. The camera traps cover a much larger portion of habitat that the cage trapping, and provide an increasingly detailed view of wildlife populations, diversity, and activities in Ankarafantsika.

Help local villagers with sustainable development initiatives.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

Help other on-site researchers with their studies on an as-needed basis, including a study of the local wild cat populations.

7

YOUR DESTINATION

ABOUT MADAGASCAR AND ANKARAFANTSIKA NATIONAL PARK

The island of Madagascar is one of the most important diversity hotspots and most biologically fascinating places on Earth. With a length from North to South of about 950 miles (1500 kilometers) and an area of 229,000 square miles (594,000 square kilometers), it is the fourth largest island in the world. During the island’s 90 million years of isolation from other land masses, a unique fauna and flora has evolved there; 90% of its species are found nowhere else in the world. In addition to the fossa and nearly 100 species of lemurs, Madagascar is home to a number of other species of carnivores, bats, rodents, and insectivores; about half of the world’s approximately 150 species of chameleons; and more than 1,000 species of orchids. Much of the original forest cover of Madagascar has been destroyed or altered by centuries of human activity. Because of the pressure of its human population, many of Madagascar’s unique species are critically endangered.

8

In 2012 the human population was 22 million, of whom 90% lived on less than two dollars a day. Although the nearest continent is Africa, most of the Malagasy people of Asian origin, and the Malagasy language is related to the languages of Indonesia. In addition to Malagasy, the former colonial language, French, is widely spoken. In Ankarafantsika, you will be a guest living near a traditional Malagasy village. Malagasy are peaceful, nonconfrontational people. Conditions of life in the village may be rustic by American or European standards. When visiting homes in villages, volunteers are expected to accept any offerings of hospitality or gifts gracefully, as they have been offered with equal grace and pride. You will probably be completely unaware if you offend any local friends, so please be on your best guest behavior in dealing with people in and around the field sites. Intolerance of cultural or religious differences is not acceptable and will be promptly addressed. The local people work extraordinarily hard to help this project succeed. A heartfelt “Thank you,” or “Misaotra betsaka tompoko,” is the best way of expressing gratitude for Malagasy hospitality.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

The village of Ampijoroa, where your team will be based, is located in the northwest part of Madagascar on Route Nationale 4, approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) south of Mahajanga, a two-hour drive away. Mahajanga (also spelled Mahajunga, Majunga, and Majanga) is a major port city and is serviced by year-round daily flights from Antananarivo (commonly known as Tana), the capital and largest city of Madagascar. The Ampijoroa Research Station serves the 135,000-hectare (333,592-acre) Ankarafantsika Protected Areas Complex, one of the last and largest tracts of dry deciduous forest in Madagascar. The area has more than 20 kilometers (12 miles) of well-marked trails on several different circuits, which you can explore with one of the station guides during your recreational time. The flora and fauna of Ankarafantsika are quite rich. The flora includes tall baobab trees, stands of precious woods such as palisandre, and many species of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids. Ankarafantsika boasts seven species of lemurs,

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

monkey-like primates found only in Madagascar. During the day you are certain to see social groups of the brown lemur and the beautiful, acrobatic Coquerel’s sifaka, and you may get a glimpse of the rare mongoose lemur, which is found in no other protected area of Madagascar. Among the nocturnal lemur species are the woolly, sportive, and mouse lemurs. All of these lemur species are included in the fossa’s diet. The fossa may also eat many of the more than 100 bird species found in Ankarafantsika, as well as a number of reptiles and amphibians. Volunteers must keep well away from the edge of Ampijoroa’s lakes, which are home to large Nile crocodiles. Also found in these lakes are three species of freshwater tortoise, including the endangered rere. You will have a chance to visit the breeding facility established at Ampijoroa village by the late naturalist and conservationist Gerald Durrell to save the world’s rarest tortoise, the ploughshare tortoise, which has been decimated by the illegal pet trade.

9

DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD PLANS AND POLICIES

In addition to being trained in research methods, such as trapping and data collection techniques, you will receive instruction via lectures and informal discussions on topics that may include biological conservation; ecological monitoring techniques; carnivore and lemur behavior; the relevance of field studies to captive populations of animals; the evolution of Malagasy lemurs and carnivores; the use of genetics in ecology and evolutionary biology; local conservation and development activities; and Malagasy language, history, and culture. Skills and talents that might be particularly helpful for participation in the project, but certainly not necessary, will include veterinary, botanical, or other field experience. Knowledge of French or Malagasy is helpful, but is not required, as most staff members speak two, three, or four languages. The staff is currently composed of native-level speakers of Malagasy, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and French.

RECREATIONAL TIME: There are no group excursions or recreational days planned during the expedition; however, if you need to rest for a day or half-day, you can schedule rest/ recreational time if you advise the staff. All activities will be designated via volunteer sign-ups. For quiet time, volunteers may retreat to the refectory or tents. You may also take a leisurely stroll through the park’s well-maintained trails if accompanied by a member of project staff, as well as a park tour guide. You may hike within the research site with a buddy, as long as you let project staff know where you’re going. Note that no activity can be neglected, so free time may be somewhat limited on this expedition.

This project encourages team spirit. Mealtimes provide opportunities for team interaction and development. The division into groups for research tasks and optional morning and afternoon activities allows interpersonal development among continuously changing groups. Special seminars and lessons may be given by research staff, Malagasy graduate assistants, and invited guests. Teams will also sometimes be invited to participate in village activities or ceremonies. Participation in these activities is an extraordinary privilege but will be on a voluntary basis.

EARTHWATCH RECREATIONAL TIME POLICY Project staff will generally accompany participants from the rendezvous to the end of the expedition. For recreational days, when no research activities are scheduled, Earthwatch scientists will offer either a team activity or a range of recreational activities that comply with Earthwatch standards. Participants may also remain at project accommodations. Those who pursue other options must sign a release form. If there is a period of time during a regular research day when no research activities are scheduled, adult participants may leave the project site on their own; they will have to sign out first. Unless contacted for help, project staff will not search for a participant unless he or she fails to appear the following morning or for the next scheduled research activity. Earthwatch will assess the general risks of adult participants leaving the project site, but cannot guarantee participant safety or an awareness of all issues. In some cases, due to local conditions, adult participants may have to stay at the project site during recreational time, a requirement that will be clearly communicated on site.

10

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

ITINERARY AND DAILY SCHEDULE Weather and research needs can lead to changes in the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and understanding.

TYPICAL ITINERARY Day 1

Rendezvous in Mahajanga. Welcome refreshments and introductions at a local restaurant. Transport via chartered vehicle to research site (120 kilometers/75 miles) south of Mahajanga. Tent site assignment, unpacking, etc. First meal in the field and continued introductions. First formal lecture held in the evening.

Day 2

Breakfast and morning team-building session (continued from the previous evening). Discussion of project goals and how they relate to volunteer expectations. Tour of the forest, particularly the trap grids. Traps will have already been placed in pre-bait mode and will now be unlocked to begin active trapping in the evening. Dinner in camp with discussions of itinerary, review of the next few days’ activities, and delegation of next day’s tasks. Focused discussion of carnivore capture and processing protocols led by Dr. Dollar.

Day 3

Volunteers and staff members will separate into small groups for the day’s activities. Census walks or active trapping checks will be initiated with the morning trap system check. Dinner will be followed by a standard debriefing and, when time allows, a group building activity, language lessons, and/or discussions of research protocols. Census walks or active trapping will be in effect for the next 10 days, from Days 3 to 12, starting with the trap line check conducted this afternoon.

Day 4

Active trapping or census walks are now in effect. Possibly a lesson on radio-telemetry techniques, followed by a “hide and seek with the radio-collar” or an orienteering-based game (note that active radio-tracking will not likely be in effect).

Days 5 to 11

Fieldwork (active trapping or census walks).

Day 12

During the afternoon, final preparations for departure on Day 13 will be made. Special dinner prepared by the Ambodimanga women’s group followed by a presentation of Dances Folklorique and an informal celebration.

Day 13

Finish packing followed by morning transport via chartered vehicle to Mahajanga. Volunteers will be delivered to La Piscine Hotel or to the airport in Mahajanga to meet the afternoon flight to Antananarivo.

NOTE: Trapping activities will not happen on Team 3 in December-January. Instead, we’ll do census walks twice daily for fieldwork days as well as intensive camera trapping. An increased emphasis on spay-neuter clinics in local villages occurs during this time, as well. The rest of the schedule applies to all teams.

TYPICAL DAILY SCHEDULE 5:30 a.m.

Breakfast

6:00 a.m.

Check traps or census walk, additional teams for roadkill, school construction, spay-neuter.

10:00 a.m.

Animal processing/monitoring, lecture or other activity

12:00 p.m.

Lunch and rest time

2:00 p.m.

Animal processing/monitoring, lecture or other activity

4:00 p.m.

Second daily checking of traps or census walk, teams for school construction, spay-neuter.

7:00 p.m.

Dinner

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

11

ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD ABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD

SLEEPING

ELECTRICITY

Volunteers will stay at Ampijoroa Research Station in Ankarafantsika, in tents at designated sites, situated in a clearing surrounded by large, shady mango trees less than five kilometers (three miles) from the nearest trap. The sites have sandy bottoms, and each is covered with a thatched or tarpaulin roof. Single tents will be provided. Please keep and leave your tent tidy. You may bring your own small (one- to four-person) tent if desired; tents at the site will have been carefully used by previous volunteers, and your own may be more comfortable. Please keep in mind, however, that Air Madagascar has very strict baggage limits. Please bring your own sleeping pad and sleeping bag.

Generator-driven electricity (usually 220 volts) will be available when demand exceeds the capacity of our new solar powered systems. We have recently moved over to a new solar array that will fulfill most of our power needs. Please bring car-charger type plugs for your small electronics. We do have a few wall-type plugs attached to the solar power system, but these are fewer in number. Volunteers may bring limited electronics if desired, but no high-energy appliances, such as hair dryers. AC/DC cigaretteplug converters (like those used in cars) are advisable, as are a collection of international plugs (many plug types, including American and European, are available). We have recently converted to using solar power almost exclusively and now rarely need to rely on gas-powered generators. That said, it is smart to do your charging at the brightest part of the day to reduce the loads placed on the camp’s battery banks at night.

BATHROOMS The research area offers pumped running water, a couple of cold-water showers (usually warm to hot by midday), and drop toilets.

12

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

INTERNET

FOOD

There is no Internet access, but your smartphone may work in some of the highest altitude parts of the park (not near camp). Which networks will “handshake” with foreign network systems is a hit-or-miss affair, and service will be limited on your smartphones/tablets. It may be possible, but will be unreliable and considered as potentially prohibitively expensive.

On-site cooks will prepare meals for the team. Most meals will include rice, Madagascar’s main staple, as well as beans. Meat dishes will typically be available as well, usually served separately from vegetarian fare. Madagascar produces some of the finest dark, milk, and white chocolate in the world; these expensive treats are also available, but in limited amounts. There are a couple of small stores nearby with a limited number and variety of items for purchase (beer, soda, etc.), as well as a cooler with multiple soft drinks (Coke, Sprite, Fanta) on site. Volunteers will need to pay for their own soft drinks, which cost approximately 3,000 ariary (approximately US$1.50) per liter-sized bottle. Water will always be available, but it’s a good idea to bring along your own flavored drink mixes (e.g., tea, Kool-Aid, Gatorade, Crystal Light, etc.) to provide some variety.

FACILITIES AND AMENITIES Local women’s groups offer laundry service (but not for undergarments) if volunteers would like to contract their services at reasonable prices.

DISTANCE TO FIELD SITE Volunteers are transported from the airport to the field site. We camp and work all within the Ankarafantsika National Park.

SERVICES AND RESTAURANTS IN WALKING DISTANCE Cafés and simple pubs are within a five-kilometer (three-mile) walk of camp, but volunteers are discouraged from visiting these facilities without first coordinating with an Earthwatch scientist or other staff member. There is a cooler in camp that is stocked (and replenished, by the local community) with beer and soft drinks, that the volunteers are welcome to purchase from the local community.

HOUSE RULES Volunteers are asked to not apply DEET-containing products while inside the project tents or refectory and to wash their hands after applying such products, due to their highly corrosive nature. No smoking of any kind is allowed in tents. Cigarette smoking is permitted in camp, but only outdoors in designated areas (not in the refectory). Cigarette butts must be safely disposed of in a proper receptacle.

Below are examples of foods you might have in the field. Variety depends on availability. This list provides a general idea of food types, but please be flexible. BREAKFAST: Rice and one of the following: breakfast meats, fried potatoes, omelets. LUNCH AND DINNER: Rice, beans, vegetables, meat (pork chops, chicken, beef, etc.), fish, and dessert (usually fruits such as pineapples, mangos, or bananas). SNACKS: Limited availability for purchase in Ankarafantsika; encouraged to bring your own (granola bars, candy, etc.) from home. BEVERAGES: Clean filtered water (bring powdered drink mix for variety), tea and coffee with cream and sugar; soda and Three Horses Beer (Madagascar’s delicious national pilsner) available for purchase.

SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTS Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements (e.g., vegetarian or vegan diets, diabetes, lactose intolerance, nut or other serious food allergies) as soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on your volunteer forms. Accommodating special diets is not guaranteed and can be very difficult due to availability of food, location of field sites, and other local conditions.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

13

TRAVEL TIPS

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD LUGGAGE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air and checking your luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your luggage is lost and/or takes several days to catch up with you. Many airlines have strict baggage policies. Please check with your airline(s) on baggage weight limits, liquid restrictions, fees for checked baggage, etc. CHECKING LUGGAGE: If you will be taking an international flight that has one or more connections within the country of your destination, it will be necessary to collect any checked bags at the airport where you first arrive in the destination country. After proceeding through customs, you will have to recheck your luggage before flying on to your final destination. If your goes astray, please have the airline call:

Complete travel information is not available in this version of the briefing. Please contact Earthwatch with any questions.

TIPPING: Tipping is not customary, although in European-style restaurants and hotels in Tana tips of 10-15% are expected.

YOUR DESTINATION LANGUAGE: The project will be conducted in English. The local language, Malagasy, has various dialects. Pronunciation is difficult for foreigners. Long proper nouns are commonplace and many syllables are unpronounced. French is the main business language; many ministers and government officials speak only French, though knowledge of English is increasing. Taxi drivers, waiters, and shop assistants often only speak rudimentary French, particularly outside Tana. CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: In cities, volunteers should err on the side of conservative dress. In the field, as long as clothing is tasteful and not overtly salacious, most common levels of field dress are acceptable. Western-style bathing suits may be appropriate for going to and from the showers, or lounging and cooling off in camp, but don’t wear anything outside of camp that you wouldn’t wear in general public spaces. After the expedition, if you have equipment you’d like to leave behind, the project staff can make sure it is distributed equitably. Photographs of yourself, your family, etc. may make a special gift to your favorite guide.

MONEY MATTERS LOCAL CURRENCY: Madagascar ariary (MGA). See xe.com/ucc for currency information and exchange rates. PERSONAL FUNDS: Volunteers may want to have a couple hundred dollars at most (depending on your spending habits) for snacks, souvenirs, etc. Hotels in Tana will sometimes accept major credit cards (Visa or MasterCard), but otherwise credit cards are not of much use in Madagascar, especially outside of Tana. Traveler’s checks are often not accepted, even at banks. Cash is the only real option outside of Tana. Do NOT depend on the ability to use an ATM in Madagascar. Volunteers should change money into ariary at the airport in Tana upon arrival with an official exchange service such as Socimad, or prior to arriving in Madagascar (e.g., at the Johannesburg airport if traveling via South Africa). Socimad’s kiosk in the Antananarivo Airport will be open when your international flight arrives, regardless of the hour. They generally have the best rates and you should plan on exchanging to Malagasy money there, as a single transaction. Euros are the best currency to bring, but US dollars and pounds sterling are also easily exchanged. 14

ELECTRICITY: 220 and 110 volts available, 50 Hz, European-type (two-prong round pin) plug. For additional information, see kropla.com/electric2.htm. TIME ZONE: GMT/UTC +3. For time worldwide with GMT/UTC, see worldtimeserver.com. TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: When calling South Africa from another country, dial the country’s international dialing code, followed by 27 and the number. When calling within South Africa, omit the 27 and dial 0. When calling another country from South Africa, dial 00, followed by the other country’s country code and the number. Note: You should check with your cell phone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes you may need; many providers have dialing procedures that may differ in whole or in part from these directions. For additional information, see kropla.com/dialcode.htm. Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

PASSPORTS AND VISAS WILL YOU NEED A PASSPORT? All visitors to Madagascar will require a passport valid for at least six months beyond the date of departure.

WILL YOU NEED A VISA? All nationals need a tourist visa to enter Madagascar. Visa and entry requirements are subject to change; check visa regulations well in advance of traveling. If obtained from the Malagasy Embassy in Washington, D.C., single-entry visas cost US$35; citizens of other countries should check with their travel agent or visa agency for specific costs and embassies around the world. A visa agency will charge an additional fee. Visas for 30 days may also be obtained at the Antananarivo airport upon arrival, but volunteers can expect delays if doing so; four passport-size photographs, your return ticket and two full blank pages in your passport are required. As of the publication of this briefing, there was no entry fee for tourist visas obtained at this airport. But conditions are always changing, so be prepared with small bills for the possibility that the previous $120 airport visa fee may be reinstated.

ESSENTIAL INFORMATION TYPE OF VISA TO GET: Tourist The purpose of your visit is for vacation, holiday or travel. Immigration officials do not always understand the concept of a “working vacation” or “volunteering.” Words such as “working,” “volunteering,” “research,” or “scientific expedition” can raise questions concerning the country’s foreign labor laws and about official scientific research permits and credentials, etc., to which volunteers will not be equipped to respond on their own. All required research permits for the project are in place and have been approved by the proper authorities. WHERE TO GET A VISA: Contact the nearest Malagasy embassy or consulate to find out how to apply for your visa. The application process can take weeks or even months. We strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can both expedite and simplify the process.

REQUIRED INFORMATION: You will need to send your passport, a Visa Application and Immigration Form, two to four passport-size photos, and payment to the embassy or visa agency (if applicable). You must also have a return or onward ticket. CONTACT INFORMATION: You may need to list this contact info on your visa application and immigration form:

Complete travel information is not available in this version of the briefing. Please contact Earthwatch with any questions. COST OF A VISA: Generally between US$40 and US$100, but varies from country to country and can cost up to US$180. A visa agency will charge an additional fee.

VOLUNTEERS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE To prevent international child abduction, many governments have procedures at entry and exit points to protect minors. Thus, if a minor will be traveling with only one guardian or alone, he or she may need a notarized letter from all legal guardians stating that the he/she may travel unaccompanied or with a single guardian. If necessary, this letter must explain why only one parent or someone other than a parent is signing the letter. E.g., if one parent is deceased, only one parent has legal guardianship, or someone other than the parents are legal guardians, the letter should state that. Airlines may also have documentation requirements for unaccompanied minors, e.g., a birth certificate or a notarized letter like the one described above. IMPORTANT: Requirements of specific countries and airlines vary and change frequently. You must keep informed of the requirements on your own to avoid problems at immigration. If a minor is refused entry into a country or onto a flight because of lack of documentation, there is nothing Earthwatch can do to help.

SUGGESTED AGENCIES IN THE U.S.: Travisa; 212-613-2223; travisa.com IN EUROPE: CIBT, Inc. (UK); [email protected]; uk.cibt.com IN AUSTRALIA: Ask your travel agency if it can send your visa application on your behalf.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

15

PROJECT CONDITIONS THE FIELD ENVIRONMENT GENERAL CONDITIONS The information below is as accurate as possible, but please keep in mind that conditions may change. The terrain of the research area is sandy and ranges from flat to slightly sloping. You should always have water with you and drink at least two liters daily during fieldwork to combat dehydration. Water filtration tanks will always have potable water available. The sky is almost always a bright, clear blue, and it seldom rains. The weather is most pleasant in early morning and late afternoon, and the temperature can drop into the high 40s°F or low 50s°F (5-10°C) at night. Plan on dressing for warm weather during the day but also be prepared for cooler nights. The rainy season lasts from November to March.

CONDITIONS The conditions are expected to vary within these limits: HUMIDITY: July: low; December and January: high TEMPERATURE RANGE: 65°F/18°C to 95°F/35°C in July; approx. 5°C warmer in December and January ALTITUDE: 300 m (984 feet) to 1,000 m (3,281 feet) AVERAGE RAINFALL: 0-2 in/0-5 cm in July; up to 10 in/25 cm in December and January

q Hike around 30 kilometers (19 miles) on the first day of fieldwork.

q Enjoy being outdoors all day in all types of weather, often exposed to heat and sun for long periods of time.

q Protect oneself from dehydration and exposure to sun and heat by drinking plenty of water throughout the day and wearing appropriate clothing and sunscreen.

q Enjoy being outdoors in the potential presence of wild and sometimes dangerous animals, snakes, and insects.

q Collect data while moving over often sandy, uneven terrain while steering clear of obstacles and tangled vegetation.

q Carry personal daily supplies up to 11 kilograms (25 pounds), such as lunch and water, and some field equipment (e.g., notebooks, chickens, food and water for chickens, and traps).

q Get low enough to access and set up traps on the ground, and to access or set up camera traps on the ground and in the brush.

q Sit during data entry and analysis or other project tasks for up to four to eight hours per day.

q Sit or ride in project vehicles, with seatbelt fastened while traveling over rough and bumpy roads for up to approximately two hours each way when traveling to and from Mahajunga.

q Live comfortably without electricity throughout the night for the length of the project.

q Live comfortably in a remote group camp, cooperate in data

ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS All participants must be able to:

q Follow verbal and/or visual instructions. q Walk long distances over slightly sloped and mostly sandy terrain on a daily basis. Fieldwork involves trekking for 15 to 20 kilometers (nine to 13 miles) per day on most days (generally four to eight hours per day). The terrain may vary from soft, loose sand to hard, uneven clay and from bare ground to shrubby vegetation; slopes are seldom greater than 10 degrees. This variation can make hiking far more challenging than one might expect. This project is physically very demanding, and the ability to maintain a steady pace over long distances is important

16

collection, and interact fully with all members of your team while maintaining a positive attitude. Cooperation, consideration for others, and team spirit are very important. If an individual’s unpleasant attitude or behavior becomes a problem for the success of the team, he or she may be subject to early dismissal by the Earthwatch scientist.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

POTENTIAL HAZARDS Hazard Type

Associated Risks and Precautions

Transportation

Road conditions in Madagascar are fair to poor. People often drive down the center of narrow roads and use the horn to signal approach. We will walk single-file on roadways to avoid oncoming, albeit light, traffic. Hazards include lack of safety equipment (seatbelts are not required in Madagascar), poor lighting, poor road conditions (including mostly unpaved roads), fast and reckless drivers, wildlife and livestock, carts, banditry, flooding in the wet season, and lack of signs or emergency services. Traffic moves on the right side of the road. Driving at night will be avoided. Volunteers are not permitted to drive. Seatbelt use is required whenever available.

Walking/Hiking/ Climbing

There is a high risk of blisters due to extensive hiking on uneven terrain. Slips, strains, and sprains are risks due to the uneven, sandy terrain. Walk slowly and carefully and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Well worn-in hiking shoes are essential. Moleskin or other blister covers are recommended. Do NOT bring new shoes: break them in first.

Animals

Madagascar has no concerning venomous snakes. Scorpions (which have painful but nonfatal stings) are present, but rarely seen. Crocodiles occupy Lake Ravelobe and other lakes, so don’t get closer than 30 meters (98 feet) from the shore. Always avoid stray dogs in uncontrolled settings, as they may carry rabies.

Climate/Weather

Heat exhaustion, dehydration, and sunburn are hazards. Always carry and drink plenty of water, and eat enough food throughout the day. Bring and use high-factor sunscreen (30+ SPF), sunglasses, appropriate clothing (see packing list, pg. 4). Take frequent breaks as needed and inform a staff member if you are feeling tired or ill. Some medications (including some malarial prophylaxes) may increase your sensitivity to sunlight or heat.

Political/Social/ Cultural

In March 2009, the democratically elected president resigned as a result of what many nations have condemned as a coup d’état. A transitional government was named but lacks endorsement from the international community. Several demonstrations for and against the transitional regime have occurred. Most recently, in April 2012, at least 40 opposition activists were injured when tear gas was used to disperse demonstrators. The political violence has been almost entirely restricted to Antananarivo and so far has not been directed against foreign travelers, but there remains a risk of exposure to incidental violence during outbreaks of unrest. Avoid any protests, demonstrations, rallies or public gatherings and locations where protest activity is likely to occur, such as the Ambohijatovo, Lac Anosy, Antaninarenina, and Analakely areas as well as military barracks or installations. When traveling in Madagascar, monitor local media and consult with your hotel concierge and other local contacts for up-to-the-minute information. Follow the advice of local authorities at all times. The project site is located well into the countryside in the north of the country and the international airport is located outside of the city, also to the north; thus team members have no need to go into the Antananarivo city center itself. You are encouraged to register your itinerary with your embassy in Madagascar. Earthwatch, along with our security consultants, continues to monitor the situation closely and will issue an updated travel advisory if necessary.

Plants

Some plants can cause severe skin irritation or allergies. Project staff will point these on site. Do not touch anything unfamiliar. Those with plant allergies should bring appropriate medications (e.g., at least two EpiPens, antihistamines).

Project Tasks/ Equipment

Volunteers will help bait and set wire traps, and cuts or scrapes are possible. Use caution and follow staff instructions. Live chickens are used as bait. Disease transmission is possible, though unlikely, through handling of chickens.

Personal Security

Theft is not a problem at the field site, but it is always recommended that you lock your tent with your luggage lock when in the field. Leave fancy jewelry and other unnecessary valuables at home. If spending time in Tana or elsewhere before or after the project, take stringent security precautions: avoid traveling at night or alone or to poorly lit or isolated areas; avoid conspicuous displays of cash, electronics, or other valuables; dress modestly and inconspicuously; do not give out personal information; arrange transport through your hotel or tour provider; and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Watch belongings while transiting through Tana’s Ivato International Airport.

Insects

Biting and stinging insects are common. Those with allergies should bring appropriate medications (e.g., at least two EpiPens, antihistamines). Note allergies on your health form and inform the Earthwatch scientist of your allergies and the location of medications. Insect-borne diseases in Madagascar include malaria (chloroquine-resistant malaria is present in Madagscar, so it is important that you consult a physician about malaria prophylaxis), dengue fever, chikungunya, and filariasis. Reduce the risk of insect-borne diseases by using repellent and wearing long sleeves and pants.

Distance to quality medical care

This project site is remote with extremely limited emergency response in case of medical concerns. Medical facilities in Madagascar are few and very limited. Complicated cases (e.g., heart or kidney condition, life-threatening allergies, etc.) would require evacuation to Réunion Island or South Africa.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

17

SAFETY

HEALTH INFORMATION ROUTINE IMMUNIZATIONS All volunteers should have the following up-to-date immunizations: DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), polio, MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), and varicella (if you have not already had chicken pox). Please be sure your tetanus shot is current. Medical decisions are the responsibility of each volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are recommendations only. Earthwatch can only provide details regarding suggested vaccinations, and we are not a medical organization.

PROJECT VACCINATIONS REQUIRED: If traveling from countries or region where yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of vaccination; rabies (only required for volunteers who want to handle fossa) RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS: Typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B

ADVICE REGARDING DISEASES Diseases found in Madagascar may include malaria, dengue fever, typhoid fever, hepatitis, rabies, schistosomiasis, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Traveler’s diarrhea also affects many international travelers. You can decrease your risk of many diseases by avoiding mosquito bites, practicing good hygiene, and drinking only bottled or filtered water when appropriate. Please see the CDC (cdc.gov) or WHO (who.int) websites for more information on these conditions and how to avoid them. If you feel ill once you return from your trip, make sure you inform your doctor that you have recently returned from a tropical region. A few notes on vaccinations and treatment: •M  ALARIA: Chloroquine-resistant malaria is present yearround throughout all of Madagascar. Please speak with your physician about prophylaxis. Although not a physician, the Earthwatch scientist recommends the drug Malarone. He takes Malarone, as he has experienced and believes the deleterious side effects of Mefloquine (a.k.a. Larium) to be understated, though it is unquestionably effective as a malaria prophylaxis. Please also note that some antimalarial 18

medications may increase your sensitivity to the sun. You must bring a malaria prophylaxis with you. These medications are difficult to acquire once you reach Madagascar and cannot be provided by the project. • R ABIES: Vaccinations are required for all volunteers wishing to handle fossa (if the opportunity arises and only after the animals have been fully anesthetized by the designated researchers). Vaccinations are recommended for this expedition given the potential contact with wildlife (fossa) and the prevalence of loose and stray dogs. The rabies preexposure vaccination consists of three doses over a 28-day period. Please be sure to consult your physician or travel health clinic well before your expedition to ensure that you have time for the full vaccination series. If you have previously been vaccinated, a booster shot may be required. Whether you have been vaccinated or not, always avoid loose and stray dogs. The pre-exposure vaccination does not eliminate the need for post-exposure medical attention and treatment, but it does provide additional protection against the disease in the event of a delay in treatment. In addition, bites or scratches should be immediately and thoroughly washed with soap, clean water, and a topical povidone-iodine solution or ethanol. • TUBERCULOSIS: Volunteers returning from developing countries may wish to have a (PPD)-tuberculin skin-test to screen for potential infection. • Y ELLOW FEVER: A vaccination protecting against yellow fever is available, although pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals cannot be vaccinated. Your home country may require a certificate of vaccination for re-entry if you travel to an area where yellow fever is endemic.

EMERGENCIES IN THE FIELD Dr. Dollar has past experience as an emergency medical technician (EMT). A well-supplied emergency medical kit will be available in camp. Dr. Dollar will also be in continuous contact with satellite teams via handheld radio or satellite phone. Should an emergency situation arise, standard EMS pre-hospital procedures will be followed before evacuation from the site. The nearest city with international telephone facilities is Mahajanga. In the event of a severe medical emergency, the patient may be stabilized to the best of the available facility’s abilities and then air-evacuated for any further high-quality medical treatment, to South Africa or Réunion Island.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

Only in the event of a substantial and insurmountable personal (non-medical) emergency might a volunteer leave the expedition early. A project vehicle and driver will drop the volunteer off at the departure point at the expense of the volunteer (paid before departure).

STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING FORMER EMT: Luke Dollar CPR (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION): Luke Dollar FIRST AID: Luke Dollar, Leon Pierrot Rahajanirina

NEAREST CLINIC Androva Hospital (limited facilities available) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Androva Ambodrona, Mahajanga, 401 TEL : +261 20-62-229-16 TEL: +261 20-62-227-24 Approximately 120 kilometers/75 miles (an two-hour drive) via highway from the research site.

NEAREST HOSPITAL: Hopital Militaire: CENHOSOA Rue du Dr Moss Soavinandriana Antananarivo, 101 TEL: +261 (0) 20-23-397-51 (main) TEL: +261 (0) 20-23-397-53 (emergency) Approximately 360 kilometers/224 miles (an eight-hour drive) from the research site.

INSURANCE Travel insurance is included in the contribution you pay to Earthwatch. The insurance covers your travel medical risks, including medical expenses and emergency medical evacuation, while you are traveling. It also provides trip cancellation insurance and baggage and personal money insurance. It does not provide personal liability insurance. Earthwatch’s insurance is applicable during travel to and from the expedition site and the duration of the expedition, but does not apply to detours for personal vacations made on the same trip. This insurance policy is secondary to your existing health insurance policy.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (OUTSIDE AUSTRALIA) Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.: +1 (978) 461-0081 +1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)

HEALIX INTERNATIONAL +44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted) U.S. TOLL FREE: +1 (877) 759 3917 U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180 EMAIL: [email protected]

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (WITHIN AUSTRALIA) +61-0-3-8508-5537 After business hours, leave a message with our live answering service. State that you have an emergency and give the name of your expedition, your name, the location from which you are calling, and if possible, a phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within one hour.

For more information, please see earthwatch.org/expeditions/ travel-insurance. Refer any queries regarding Earthwatch’s travel policy to our insurance liaison at +1 (978) 450-1222 or [email protected]. If you booked through Earthwatch Australia, please contact them at +61 (0) 9016 7590 or [email protected] for any queries.

EMERGENCY MEDICAL AND EVACUATION ASSISTANCE For emergency assistance in the field, please contact Earthwatch’s 24-hour emergency hotline number highlighted in the box. You may also contact our assistance provider, Healix International, at the number highlighted in the event of a medical or evacuation emergency or for routine medical and travel advice, such as advice on visas and vaccine requirements.

19

PROJECT STAFF

YOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD DR. LUKE DOLLAR completed his Ph.D. in ecology at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment in 2006. He is a research associate with the Duke University Primate Center and founder of the Carnivore Conservation and Research Trust. He currently advises undergraduate and graduate students as assistant professor of biology at Pfeiffer University in North Carolina and an adjunct professor of the environment at Duke University. His research specialties include carnivore ecology, specifically the fossa. His responsibilities on this Earthwatch project include field logistics, site pre-selection, animal tranquilization, and staff assignment, and, as a former emergency medical technician, he is also the site medic. Luke has worked on the fossa and its conservation for nearly twenty years. As director of this project, he has managed teams from five continents in more than a dozen field sites. In addition to being an avid outdoorsman, he is a compassionate conservationist, focusing equally on the human and biodiversity components of environmental management. In addition to his work with Earthwatch, Dr. Dollar is a National Geographic Explorer and serves as program director for the Society’s Big Cats Initiative, which funds 49 big cat conservation projects in 21 countries worldwide. Present on July teams. DR. JULIE POMERANTZ is a field veterinarian and epidemiological researcher and will specifically focus on the diseases of the Madagascar fauna during this project. Her research specialties include veterinary medicine, epidemiology, field laboratory techniques, anesthetization, and surgery. During the expeditions, she will be responsible for the collection of parasite samples and serological surveys (surveys of blood serum and other natural serums) to determine the incidence of several infectious diseases among the domestic and endemic carnivore populations. Dr. Pomerantz, a 1999 Carnivores of Madagascar Earthwatch volunteer herself, has been the project’s fossa veterinarian since 2000. A small animal veterinarian in Manhattan, she takes three months a year away from her busy practice to pursue the science and preservation of carnivores in Madagascar. She became an Earthwatch scientist in 2005. Present on December-January teams. RAHAJANIRINA LEON PIERROT received his D.E.A. (equivalent to a master’s degree) for his work on the fossa in Ankarafantsika. He teaches a class on conservation biology at Pfeiffer University in conjunction with Dr. Dollar. He has worked with the fossa research team since 1998, and has been field director and chief of staff for the project since 2003. He is also the executive director of the nongovernmental organization Friends of Madagascar. Present on all teams. MR. SAMUEL MERSON is completing his Ph.D. and Oxford University and is co-advised by Dr. Dollar and Dr. David MacDonald of the University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU). He has worked with the fossa research team since 2012. Sam currently works in Madagascar long-term and will oversee the projects new large-scale camera trapping programs, in addition to his regular duties as a project staff. Present on all teams. DR. RADOSOA ANDONIAINA Andriandivoarivelo has worked with the project for over a decade, since he was a yound student at the University of Antananarivo. Dr. Andriandivoarivelo directs the alternative and sustainable energy and fuels programs for the Carnivores of Madagascar project. He and his team will lead work in constructing rocket stoves as well as the research and development of programs for making cooking fuel out of sustainable sources. Present on all teams. DR. ZOAVINA RANDRIANA has worked with the project for more than six years and has recently completed her veterinary degree at the University of Antananarivo. She is responsible for veterinary aspects of the project, in coordination with Drs. Pomerantz and Dollar, as well as participating and leading small teams engaged in the full diversity of project activities on an as needed basis. Present on all teams. NOTE: Staff schedules are subject to change.

20

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

RECOMMENDED READING YOUR RESOURCES AT HOME RESOURCES BOOKS

PROJECT-RELATED WEBSITES

• Goodman, S. and J. Benstead; The Natural History of Madagascar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

• Video: Madagascar’s Mysterious Fossa: youtube.com/ watch?v=E0lgd1FwAmM

• Mittermeier, Russell et al. Lemurs of Madagascar. Washington, D.C.: Conservation International, 2006.

• Video: Preserving Madagascar’s Unique Species: video.nationalgeographic.com/video/specials/in-thefield-specials/luke-dollar-fossa-missions/

• Swaney, Deanna and R. Willox. Madagascar and Comoros, 3rd ed. London: Lonely Planet, 1997. (Or the most recent guide from the Lonely Planet.)

• Dr. Dollar’s TEDx talk where Earthwatch is a prominent component: youtube.com/watch?v=7cIbEYhdAnk

• Tyson, Peter. The Eighth Continent. New York: William Morrow, 2000.

• Recent Video Page on BBC National TV (11/2013): bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01qxyxk

ARTICLE

• Past Earthwatch volunteer website: sun.menloschool. org/~djensen/madagascar/index.html

• Weber, W. and A. Rabinowitz. “A global perspective on large carnivore conservation.” Conservation Biology 10.4 (1996): 1046-1054.

• Ankarafantsika Park: parcs-madagascar.com/ fiche-aire-protegee_en.php?Ap=15

FIELD GUIDES

• The project’s Facebook page: search for “Carnivores of Madagascar” on facebook.com

• Garbutt, Nick. Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.

• YouTube videos of fieldwork: search for “Carnivores of Madagascar” on youtube.com

• Langrand, Olivier and Ian Sinclair. Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands: Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Seychelles and the Comoros. Cape Town: Struik, 2003.

FILM

EARTHWATCH SOCIAL MEDIA • FACEBOOK: facebook.com/Earthwatch • YOUTUBE: youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute • T WITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_org

• Madagascar (2005), Dreamworks Productions.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

21

PARTICIPANT RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Conversely, an Earthwatch scientist may give written permission to use data and images for academic or profitable activity. Please be sure to ask what is acceptable to the Earthwatch scientist. Fellows or scholarship recipients are sometimes required to submit a written report reflecting what they have learned on a project, sometimes as a step toward developing a curriculum. Earthwatch scientists have the right but not the obligation to review and edit materials involving information gathered on one of their expeditions.

DISCRIMINATION

This document contains important information concerning Earthwatch Institute policies and participant rights and responsibilities for inclusion in an Earthwatch expedition. Please read this document thoroughly and sign the Liability Release section of your Earthwatch Participation Form to indicate that you understand and accept the risks inherent to your expedition and the policies, rights, and responsibilities enumerated in this document. You will not be permitted to participate in an expedition until Earthwatch has received the signed release form.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS It is permissible to share photos, videos, and stories of your expedition with family, friends, local media, and in a public forum. Sharing your new perspectives and experiences is welcomed and encouraged. However, please recognize that all information, data, and images shared or gathered in the course of your expedition’s field work become the intellectual property of the Earthwatch scientist. Co-opting or plagiarism of data, images, or information gathered during an expedition for use in a scientific thesis, master’s, or PhD work, or for profit or for the academic or business use of a third party without the permission of the Earthwatch scientist is strictly prohibited. Please be aware that data gathered during the interviewing of local people become the intellectual property of the Earthwatch scientist. Earthwatch scientists have the right to place additional restrictions on your ability to share data or certain research-related images.

22

Earthwatch does not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or any other reason prohibited by applicable law and respects participants’ right to privacy. However, you must be aware that local laws in countries in which Earthwatch operates may not be antidiscriminatory and that the possibility exists that local residents may not have an awareness of preferred practice regarding discrimination. Discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation will not be tolerated on Earthwatch teams. Disruptive behavior or verbal, physical, or any other type of abuse or harassment will also not be tolerated. Violation of Earthwatch’s nondiscrimination policy is grounds for expulsion from the program without a refund.

INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS Earthwatch scientists, their staff, their colleagues, and their associates are prohibited from becoming romantically involved with participants during the entire duration of the period that the team is in the field. Romantic relationships that may otherwise seem permissible may eventually create an unpleasant or unproductive work environment and are therefore prohibited for the duration of an Earthwatch project.

SEXUAL HARASSMENT Please recognize that the relationship that exists between Earthwatch scientists and staff and participants is analogous to the student-teacher relationship. Therefore, please be aware of the following policies.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

Sexual harassment of participants by the Earthwatch scientist or Earthwatch staff is prohibited. Likewise, sexual harassment of other participants, Earthwatch field staff, or local people by participants is also prohibited. Sexual harassment infringes on an individual’s right to an environment free from unsolicited and unwelcome sexual overtones of conduct either verbal or physical. Sexual harassment does not mean occasional compliments of a socially acceptable nature. Sexual harassment refers to conduct which is offensive, which harms morale, or which interferes with the effectiveness of Earthwatch expedition teams; such conduct is prohibited. Lewd or vulgar remarks, suggestive comments, displaying derogatory posters, cartoons, or drawings, pressure for dates or sexual favors, and unacceptable physical contact or exposure are examples of what can constitute harassment. No one should be touched in areas that would be covered by a bathing suit. It is important to realize that what may not be offensive to you may be offensive to participants, the local population, or Earthwatch field staff. Any individual who feels subjected to sexual harassment or has any knowledge of such behavior should report it at once to the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff member. The Earthwatch scientist or Field Team Leader will notify Earthwatch when an accusation of sexual harassment or abuse is made or when such conduct is witnessed.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

All reports of sexual harassment will be handled with discretion and will be promptly and thoroughly investigated. Any participant who is found to have engaged in conduct constituting sexual harassment will be removed from the expedition at his or her own expense. If a minor is involved in allegations of sexual harassment, his or her parents or guardians will be contacted.

DRUGS Laws on drug use in most countries are severe and may impose lengthy prison terms or the death penalty. The manufacture, possession, use, purchase, or sale of illegal drugs or other illegal substances while on an Earthwatch expedition is strictly prohibited. Prescription drugs may only be purchased and used by the individual indicated on the prescription in keeping with their intended use guidelines.

ALCOHOL Local statutes, customs, practices, ordinances, and regulations with regard to the use, possession, sale, or purchase of alcohol are applicable to all participants and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions. Participants and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions must comply with the law of the country in which a project is located regarding the minimum age required to consume alcohol. In addition, restriction on the use, possession, sale, or purchase of alcohol may be set by the Earthwatch scientist. Any restrictions on the consumption of alcohol should be clearly outlined by the project staff in the on-site briefing to participants at the start of the project and in the expedition briefing.

23

Consumption or possession of alcohol or smoking is not permitted on any Earthwatch Teen Team, regardless of local law.

Earthwatch staff and the Earthwatch scientist have the discretion to remove individuals from the project who consume alcohol in a time and manner that endanger the safety and/or productivity of the expedition.

developed teams specifically for 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds (“Teen Teams”) as well as teams specifically for families (“Family Teams”) with children as young as 10 years. These teams focus on the same research activities and have the same expectations as our regular teams, but with more facilitation and support. Exceptions for some projects may be made at the discretion of Earthwatch and the Earthwatch scientist. Due to a more in-depth screening process for certain programs that select candidates based on school year rather than age, there may be 18-year-olds fielding on the same team as 15-, 16- and 17-yearolds. Please be aware that some Earthwatch projects do not allow participation by minors in any circumstance.

MINORS

PARTICIPANTS AND DRIVING

Earthwatch considers participants less than eighteen (18) years of age to be minors. Minors are not permitted to participate on any of Earthwatch’s standard teams unless accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, in which case the minimum age is fifteen (15). Guardians accompanying minors on standard teams must be 21 years of age or over. Minors on standard teams do not receive additional guidance or supervision from Earthwatch beyond what is offered to the adult participants. The total number of minors on standard teams may be limited on a project by project basis; this will be noted in the expedition briefing. A maximum of two minors may accompany each parent or guardian on a standard or Family Team. Earthwatch has

Participants are not allowed to drive project vehicles (including motorcycles or all terrain vehicles) or aircraft during an expedition. In select circumstances, participants may be able to drive boats under the direct supervision by project staff. These circumstances are predetermined by project staff in collaboration with Earthwatch. Participants must respect the restrictions for boat driving in place for each project.

Excessive consumption of alcohol by staff or participants is not acceptable on any Earthwatch project. Intoxication can jeopardize personal safety, in addition to the safety of the team. It can also cause delay and hinder response in the event of a crisis or emergency situation.

24

If a project environment is such that participants can drive their own vehicles to the rendezvous, those who have driven themselves to the project may not drive their own vehicles to, from, or for project activities, including the transport of project equipment after arriving at the site.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

Participants who have driven themselves to the project may choose to utilize their own vehicles during recreational time, but project staff will brief them on any driving restrictions. All driving during recreational time is done at your own risk. Please be advised that the only exception to the above driving restrictions is emergency situations. Riding in other participants’ vehicles is not covered under the participants’ insurance policy for the expedition. Riding in another participant’s vehicle is done at a participant’s own risk.

IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY In the event of emergencies, judgments must be made by Earthwatch field staff and participants. While Earthwatch makes an effort to ensure that qualified people make the most informed decisions possible, occasionally first aid may be administered and other immediate steps taken by expedition participants who are not licensed medical providers. Each Earthwatch expedition has safety protocols and emergency procedures in place. Earthwatch encourages team members (the field staff and participants) to exercise their best judgment with regard to their own safety and the safety of other team members. Other participants may perform “Good Samaritan” actions, or actions taken to assist fellow participants during emergency situations in the field. However, Earthwatch does not encourage or expect you to jeopardize your own safety or that of others in attempting to rescue or assist your fellow team members.

RIGHT OF REFUSAL Earthwatch reserves the right to refuse an applicant’s participation in an Earthwatch project at any time and to terminate any work being done by a participant and require the participant to vacate the project site if the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff member in his or her absolute discretion considers it appropriate. In this event, the participant (and his or her parents or guardians, if appropriate) will be responsible for arranging and paying for any accommodation, travel, or other arrangements which may be necessary following the termination of a participant’s involvement in a project, for whatever reason, and will not be eligible for a refund.

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

Earthwatch may not refuse an applicant’s participation in a project for discriminatory reasons (race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or any other reason prohibited by applicable law). However, an application may be denied in the interest of team compatibility or due to logistical limitations. Earthwatch will make reasonable efforts to accommodate participants with disabilities, and the organization endeavors to find appropriate expeditions for those participants who have physical limitations. Refusal of an applicant is an unusual event and is generally done either because of an applicant’s failure to meet the essential eligibility requirements of a particular project or in the interest of team compatibility. In the event that an applicant is refused participation for health reasons, Earthwatch will refund in full any deposit or payment made toward the expedition. Earthwatch scientists have the right to refuse special requests, such as visits by media (film, photography, or print), special groups, or teams (students, donors, etc.), if they conflict with Earthwatch scientist schedules, safety, research objectives, or general performance of the team. Any participant found in violation of any of the policies described in this document (“Participant Rights and Responsibilities”) is subject to removal from the team at his or her own expense. By signing the Liability Release section of your Earthwatch Participation Form, you are indicating that you have read and understand the policies in this document. Removal of a participant from a team is at the discretion of the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff. In addition, Earthwatch will support the right of the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff to send a participant away from a project once in the field should his or her behavior compromise the safety, research objectives, or general performance of the team, or if the participant has violated a stated policy. In the event that a minor is dismissed from a project, Earthwatch will contact the participant’s parents or guardians prior to his or her dismissal. Should a participant be removed from a team, he or she is responsible for any and all costs associated with departure from the team and will receive neither refund of the minimum contribution for the expedition nor any expenses incurred by participation on the expedition. (November 2012)

25

COMMUNICATIONS CONTACT INFORMATION EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS Satellite telephones will be available onsite for emergency use only. There is also a HAM radio on site. These resources are available for your safety and security; do not plan on being able to use the project satellite phones for personal needs. Public satellite communications have become very prevalent and reliable in recent years. Volunteers needing to contact their families can use these services in Mahajanga.

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (OUTSIDE AUSTRALIA) Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.: +1 (978) 461-0081 +1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)

HEALIX INTERNATIONAL Complete travel information is not available in this version of the briefing. Please contact Earthwatch with any questions. The 24-hour duty officer number at Earthwatch in the U.S. is +1 (978) 461-0081 or +1 (800) 776-0188.

+44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted) U.S. TOLL FREE: +1 (877) 759 3917 U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180 EMAIL: [email protected]

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (WITHIN AUSTRALIA)

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

+61-0-3-8508-5537

There is no Internet access at the camp or in the village. Occasionally, there may be a cellphone signal at the borders of the park. Volunteers who have been working on the quantification of roadbed mortality assignment have occasionally been able to get a cellphone signal. Please do not count on it, though, as it is unpredictable. Mail takes at least two weeks to arrive from abroad, so volunteers will most likely not be able to receive mail while in the field. In addition, the Malagasy postal system requires many forms, signatures, and fees from the recipient of internationally shipped packages arriving in Madagascar. Please request that packages not be mailed to you from home.

After business hours, leave a message with our live answering service. State that you have an emergency and give the name of your expedition, your name, the location from which you are calling, and if possible, a phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within one hour.

Personal communication with outsiders is not always possible while participating in an expedition. Earthwatch encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only.

26

Carnivores of Madagascar 2014

MESSAGE FROM EARTHWATCH DEAR EARTHWATCHER, Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental science and conservation. As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you’re out in the field working toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments in which we work, we’ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning for over 40 years. You’re in good hands. We hope this expedition will inspire you to get more involved in conservation and sustainable development priorities— not just out in the field, but also when you return home. We encourage you to share your experiences with others, and to transfer your skills and enthusiasm to environmental conservation efforts in your workplace, community, and home. If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and enjoy your expedition! Sincerely,

Larry Mason President and CEO

Earthwatch U.S. 114 Western Ave. Boston, MA 02134 United States [email protected] earthwatch.org Phone: 1-978-461-0081 Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188 Fax: 1-978-461-2332

Earthwatch Europe Mayfield House 256 Banbury Rd. Oxford, OX2 7DE United Kingdom

Earthwatch Australia 126 Bank St. South Melbourne, VIC 3205 Australia

Earthwatch Japan Food Science Bldg. 4F The University of Tokyo 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

[email protected] earthwatch.org

[email protected] earthwatch.org

[email protected] earthwatch.org

Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838 Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383

Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590 Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652

Phone: 81-0-3-6686-0300 Fax: 81-0-3-6686-0477