Dublin Fire Brigade Fire, Ambulance and Rescue Service

Liquid Biofuel for Dublin Fire Brigade Fleet

F/F Neil McCabe

Table of Contents Executive summary

3

Biodiesel

4

Potential Savings Estimate

6

Dublin Fire Brigade Fleet

7

Biofuel for Dublin Fire Brigade:

9

Conclusions

9

Recommendations

10

Appendix

11

I.

Cost savings Breakdown

12

II.

Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide

13

III.

Table 1:

14

IV.

Table 2:

17

V.

Irish Biofuel Companies.

19

VI.

Dublin Fire Brigade and GBI Ltd

20

VII.

Diesel storage details per station

23

References and useful resources.

24

2

Executive Summary

100% Biodiesel is a clean burning fuel, which runs in any unmodified diesel engine manufactured post 1994. This report is based on a 30 % blend of Biodiesel being used by Dublin Fire Brigades fleet of emergency vehicles.

This report highlights a Government fuel excise levy exemption, for the purchase of Biodiesel, which is applicable until December 2010. This exemption would reduce the cost of running our fleet by 25%, based on 2008 fuel consumption.

This would

represent €120,000 approximately.

Further savings can be made on current pump prices by an estimated 3 cent per litre. This would represent a total estimated saving of 30%, until that date. Purchasing 30% blend Biodiesel from an Irish Company could make this saving. This 30 % saving could reduce our fuel bill by €146,000 approximately. There is no cost to modify Dublin Fire Brigades Fleet to use a 30% blend Biodiesel.

Dublin Fire Brigade could reduce the Carbon emissions of its fleet by an estimated 175 tons per year. This would represent a reduction in future Carbon Taxes of an estimated €4000 per annum.

This would bring the total estimated savings to

€150,000.

Neil McCabe

May 2009

3

Biodiesel The idea to use Biodiesel or vegetable oils as a fuel for diesel engines is more than a hundred years old. It was only in the 1970‟s that the worldwide oil crises and a growing ecological awareness led to the rediscovery of plant oils and animal fats as possible alternatives to hydrocarbon-based fuels.

Biodiesel has been produced on an industrial scale in the European Union since 1992, largely in response to positive signals from the EU institutions. Bio-diesel may be used as an alternative to mineral diesel in most applications due to the fact that it has similar physical and combustion properties to mineral diesel.

Biodiesel is a clean burning fuel, which runs in any unmodified diesel engine. This fuel is an environmentally friendly alternative to the higher emission petroleum diesel used in large transport vehicles and some cars and trucks.

In addition,

Biodiesel can be made from renewable resources such as vegetable oil or animal fat and even from Used Cooking Oil (U.C.O.), an abundant waste product.

In the transport sector, it may be effectively used both when blended with fossil diesel fuel and in pure form. Tests undertaken by motor manufacturers in the European Union on blends with diesel oil up to 5-10%, or at 25-30% and 100% pure have resulted in guarantees for each type of use. Minor modifications (seals, piping) are required for use at 100% pure on vehicles older then 1994.

I have been in

consultation with Biodiesel companies in Ireland who have assured me that changing over the fleet of Dublin Fire Brigade vehicles would not be a costly venture.

4

The use of Biodiesel as a transport fuel does not require any changes in the distribution system, therefore avoiding expensive infrastructure changes.

In accordance with the EU Fossil Diesel Standard EN 590, Biodiesel was permitted to be blended with fossil diesel up to a maximum of 5% inclusion rate and requires no changes either to vehicle engines or to the current fuel supply chain infrastructure and logistics. EN 590 has since been reviewed and the current inclusion rate for Biodiesel has now increased to 30%.

An advantage of using Biodiesel blends is the replacement of lubricity qualities of the fuel, which have been reduced in the refinement of ultra low sulphur diesel. Tests have shown that the improvement in lubricity reduces diesel engine “knock” and also reduces wear in the engines.

Biodiesel has been demonstrated to have significant environmental benefits in terms of

decreased

global warming impacts, reduced

emissions,

greater energy

independence and a positive impact on agriculture. Various studies have estimated that the use of 1 kg of Biodiesel leads to the reduction of some 3 kg of CO2. Hence, the use of Biodiesel results in a significant reduction in CO2 emission (65%-90% less than conventional diesel), particulate emissions and other harmful emissions.

Biodiesel is extremely low in sulphur, and has a high lubricity and fast biodegradability. These are all advantages, which have been confirmed by various EC Commission programmes and tests of independent research institutes.

As such, an increased use of Biodiesel in Europe represents an important step for the European Union to meet its emission reduction target as agreed under the Kyoto agreement. Additionally reducing pollutant emissions alleviates various human health problems.

In specific cases, used vegetable and cooking oils can be recycled as feedstock for Biodiesel production. This can reduce the loss of UCO in the environment and provides a competitive and CO² advantageous way of transforming a waste into transport energy. 5

Potential Savings Potential Fuel, Tax and Carbon Tax savings: The fuel bill for 2008 was €792,000. This was due to several price increases through out the year. The cost of fuel to our fleet (using 531,500 litres of Fossil Diesel @ €0.7801 plus vat @ 21%) in 2008 was €503,756.

New estimated cost of fuel for DFB Fleet: Biodiesel could be charged at 68 cent per litre. Using 531,500 (approx) litres, @ €0.6800, the new cost to Dublin Fire Brigade could be €361,420 That would be a potential saving to Dublin Fire Brigade of €142,336

This would represent a potential reduction in fuel costs of 25%.

Table 1: immediate potential saving due to excise levy exemption. Fuel

Price per Litre

Vat @ 21%

Total

Fossil Fuel

.7801

0.1677

0.9478

Biodiesel

.7100

0.0

0.7100

% Difference

25 %

Estimated Annual savings by changing fleet to Biodiesel based on current fuel consumption:

Capital Outlay

Nil

Payback period N / A

6

Cost saving

CO2 saving

€142,676

175 ton P.A.

Dublin Fire Brigade Fleet Dublin Fire Brigade uses 531,500 litres of diesel per year approximately. I have listed in the appendix all vehicles in the Dublin Fire Brigade Fleet. We have a total of 124 Fire Appliances and Ambulances. All appliances run on regular fossil diesel. Most stations have a diesel tank in situ, which could be convenient for the distribution aspect and efficient delivery of smooth mixed Biodiesel. Biofuels provides us with an option to become fuel independent. In today‟s climate of economic uncertainty we must consider an alternative less costly sustainable option to fuel our fleet of vehicles. Minor modifications (as mentioned above) are required for use at 100% pure Biofuel on vehicles older then 1994. However this report is based on 30% blend of Biodiesel.

There are two tables in the appendix. The first table contains all 94 vehicles post 1994. The Engines of these Vehicles will not need any modification work carried out at any stage.

The second table contains the remaining 30 reserve vehicles that are pre 1994. These vehicles may need some of the rubber fuel lines to be changed / replaced as the Biodiesel acts as a solvent and may degrade the rubber in the older engines over a period of time.

That is only if we eventually use a 100% blend of Biodiesel in the future.

No

modifications are required to our fleet at present. However these reserve vehicles may eventually be replaced as part of our vehicle replacement programme.

Also

because they are not front line appliances they have a lesser level of fuel consumption.

7

When starting to use Biodiesel it is also recommended that we check oil filters reasonably shortly after the first use of Biodiesel, as Biodiesel acts as a solvent and will „clean‟ the engine increasing the possibility of filters clogging. However this will only have to be done once.

There will be no cost to modify our Dublin Fire Brigade Fleet because we have our own vehicle maintenance section, The Dublin Fire Brigade Workshop. I have spoken to the D.F.B. Workshop and I have been informed that there would not be a significant cost to change the oil filters.

Diesel Engine Knock Tests have shown that the improvement in lubricity reduces diesel engine “knock” and also reduces wear in the engines. Biodiesel acts as a solvent, it will „clean‟ the fuel injection system, creating more efficient fuel combustion and lowering the maintenance costs of the fleet. I have not been able to put a figure on this, however increased lubricity reduces vehicle maintenance.

8

Biofuel for Dublin Fire Brigade Conclusions: 1.

There is potential for Dublin Fire Brigade to make substantial fuel savings of 25% in year 1. This would represent a reduction of €126,000 approx. The excise levy exemption may continue after 2010 and as yet no decision has been made by the Revenue Commissioners.

Further more there will be

estimated Carbon Tax savings of €4000 per annum.

2.

A further discount of €0.300 per litre can be achieved by using G.B.I. 30%blend Biodiesel.

3.

This would not prove as costly as would be initially imagined because, as our fleet would only be using a 30% blend, there would be no modifications required at all.

4.

Biodiesel acts as a solvent, it will „clean‟ the fuel injection system, cause more efficient fuel combustion and marginally lower the maintenance costs of the fleet.

5.

Biodiesel reduces emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO) by approximately 50% and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by 78% on a net lifecycle basis. The reason for this is that the carbon in Biodiesel emissions is recycled from carbon that was already in the atmosphere, rather than being new carbon from petroleum that was sequestered in the earth's crust.

6.

As we look forward to future energy consumption we need to reduce our use of and dependence on costly fossil fuels to run our fleet of vehicles.

A great

initiative for Dublin Fire Brigade would be to spearhead an action plan to convert all D.F.B. vehicles from burning costly unsustainable Fossil fuels to using Biodiesel manufactured in Ireland. This would be a major statement form 9

Dublin Fire Brigade regarding its new role as a Sustainable Energy Leader. Dublin Fire Brigade could be oil independent and run on a secure supply of Biodiesel produced in Ireland.

Recommendations: 1.

I would recommend that 30 % Blend Biodiesel be given a three to six month pilot trial in Kilbarrack Fire Station on Delta 61 which is a front line appliance. I would suggest that this 30% blend Biodiesel should be contained in a separate storage tank with in the station, for ease of access. The trial should test accessibility, feasibility and cost benefit of the 30% Biodiesel.

2.

On completion of testing the 30 % blend Biodiesel the results should be reported back to Dublin Fire Brigade Senior Management.

10

Appendix (I) Cost savings breakdown Table 1: Fuel Type

Price April 2009

Annual Fuel Annualised Fossil Consumption Cost Diesel Price

Fossil Fuel (inc VAT)

€0.9478

€531,500

€503,756

€503,756

(I) 30 % blend Biodiesel

€0.7100

€531, 500

€377,365

€503,756

€126,391

25%

(II) 30 % blend Biodiesel with 0.300 discount

€0.6800

€531,500

€361,420

€503,756

€142,336

28%

(III) 30 % blend Biodiesel with further 0.200 discount for UCO collection

€0.6600

€531,500

€350,790

€503,756

€152,960

30%

11

Difference % Saving

(I) Cost savings breakdown Immediate potential saving due to excise levy exemption, available until 31st December 2010. Immediate potential saving due to €0.300 discount per litre from, Green Biofuels Ireland ltd. and Emo Oil Irl. Potential saving due to further €0.200 discount per litre from, Green Biofuels Ireland ltd. and Emo Oil Irl.

This would apply if Dublin City

Council could liaise the collection of Used Cooking Oil by MT Oils Ltd.

12

(II) Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: For 2008, our fleet of 124 vehicles used 531,500 litres of fossil diesel.

531,500 litres of fossil diesel. = 1,1424,420 Kg of CO2 emissions.

1,1424,420 Kg of CO2 emissions for 2008 = 1,424.42 tons

CO2 emissions saved by converting to Biodiesel: Biodiesel reduces CO2 by 78% at 100% blend. We would be using a 30% blend in the winter months and 5% in summer. This would give us a reduction in CO 2 of 15% and 4.25% respectively.

Adding the totals for winter and summer months together and deducting them from the total CO2 produced by our fleet, (1,424.42 tons) gives us a net CO 2 reduction of 175 tons

New CO2 emission total would be 1,249.1 tons

Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions saved by converting to Biodiesel: Biodiesel reduces CO by 50% at 100% blend. We would be using a 30% blend in the winter months and 5% in summer. This would give us a reduction in CO of 13.4% and 2.2% respectively.

13

(III) Table 1: Vehicles not requiring modifications Reg. Number

Type

Field1

Make

00-D-10148

Water Tender

2000

DENNIS

00-D-101876

Water Tender

2000

DENNIS

00-D-101879

Water Tender

2000

DENNIS

00-D-102555

AMBULANCE/van

2000

FORD

00-D-102948

AMBULANCE/van

2000

FORD

00-D-105189

Light 4x4

2000

ISUZU

00-D-75704

Light 4x4

2000

ISUZU

00-D-8104

HINO

2000

HINO

01-D-60717

VAN

2001

FORD

01-D-72214

Personnel Carrier

2001

FORD

01-D-73364

BUS

2001

FORD

01-D-76669

MPV

2001

FORD

01-D-84149

AMBULANCE/van

2001

FORD

01-D-84774

AMBULANCE

2001

FORD

01-D-87325

LIGHT 4X4

2001

LAND ROVER

01-D-95393

Truck

2001

SCANIA

02-D-14376

Water Tender

2002

DENNIS

02-D-14390

Water Tender

2002

DENNIS

02-D-24658

Water Tender

2002

DENNIS

02-D-24660

Water Tender

2002

DENNIS

02-D-39543

Saloon Car

2002

FORD

02-D-41736

Saloon Car

2002

FORD

02-D-61180

AMBULANCE

2002

FORD

02-D-61435

AMBULANCE

2002

FORD

02-D-9277

Water Tender

2002

DENNIS

02-D-9287

Water Tender

2002

DENNIS

03-D-27887

Saloon Car

2003

FORD

03-D-41862

Saloon Car

2003

FORD

14

03-D-43289

Saloon Car

2003

FORD

03-D-44103

Saloon Car

2003

FORD

03-D-46982

Water Tender

2003

DENNIS

03-D-46992

Water Tender

2003

DENNIS

03-D-48703

AMBULANCE

2003

FORD

03-D-48798

AMBULANCE

2003

FORD

03-D-58940

Water Tender CAFS

2003

DENNIS

03-D-58946

Water Tender

2003

DENNIS

03-D-70081

AMBULANCE

2003

FORD

03-D-7064

AMBULANCE

2003

FORD

03-D-7065

AMBULANCE

2003

FORD

03-D-70894

T /T LADDER

2003

DENNIS

03-D-71658

AMBULANCE

2003

FORD

03-D-72531

Water Tender

2003

DENNIS

04-D-30805

Saloon Car

2004

FORD

04-D-33010

Saloon Car

2004

FORD

04-D-34279

Saloon Car

2004

FORD

04-D-56801

WATER SUPPORT UNIT 2004

DENNIS

04-D-65311

Water Tender CAFS

2004

DENNIS

04-D-65314

Water Tender CAFS

2004

DENNIS

05-D-54857

Mini Command Unit

2005

RENAULT

05-D-55176

AMBULANCE

2005

FORD

05-D-64364

Mini Command Unit

2005

RENAULT

05-D-64371

Estate Car

2005

FORD

05-D-64399

Estate Car

2005

FORD

05-D-70382

Mini Command Unit

2005

RENAULT

05-D-82039

AMBULANCE

2005

FORD

05-D-82040

AMBULANCE

2005

FORD

05-D-9602

Light 4x4

2005

ISUZU

06-D-18675

CAR

2006

FORD

06-D-18679

CAR

2006

FORD

06-D-22387

AMBULANCE

2006

FORD

15

06-D-39114

AMBULANCE

2006

FORD

06-D-46782

APPLIANCE/trv

2006

DENNIS

06-D-58452

AMBULANCE

2006

FORD

06-D-58454

AMBULANCE

2006

FORD

06-D-66026

WATER TENDER/cafs

2006

DENNIS

06-D-83226

Water Tender/cafs

2006

DENNIS

06-D-84062

AMBULANCE

2006

FORD

07-D-60036

AMBULANCE

2007

FORD

07-D-60046

AMBULANCE

2007

FORD

07-D-68794

AMBULANCE

2007

FORD

07-D-68946

Water Tender

2007

DENNIS

07-D-68948

Water Tender

2007

DENNIS

08-D-34273

Command unit

2008

VW

08-D-44811

Command unit

2008

Volkswagon

08-D-44813

Command Unit

2008

Volkswagon

08-D-64774

Incident command

2008

Scania

09-D-8719

Truck

97-D-29531

Water Tender

1997

DENNIS

97-D-57009

Turntable Ladder

1997

DENNIS

98-D-69983

VAN

1998

FORD

98-D-74476

Truck (Tail Lift)

1998

VOLVO

98-D-74567

INCIDENT COMMAND

1998

VOLVO

98-D-74568

Truck (Tail Lift)

1998

VOLVO

99-D-38162

VAN

1999

FORD

99-D-38232

VAN

1999

FORD

99-D-46480

AMBULANCE/VAN

1999

FORD

99-D-4757

VAN

1999

FORD

99-D-57140

Water Tender

1999

VOLVO

99-D-78151

Water Tender

1999

DENNIS

99-D-79666

AMBULANCE/VAN

1999

FORD

99-D-79690

AMBULANCE/VAN

1999

FORD

Scania

16

(IV) Table 2: Vehicles older then 14 years. Reg. Number

Type

Field1

Make

83-D-4280

Turntable ladder

1983

DENNIS

84-D-7459

Turntable ladder

1984

DENNIS

85-D-8093

Rescue Tender

1985

DENNIS

86-D-8002

HYDRAULIC PLATFORM 1986

DENNIS

86-D-8157

RECOVERY

1986

DENNIS

86-D-8578

SWIFT WATER

1986

DENNIS

87-D-19999

Hydraulic Platform

1987

DENNIS

87-D-37582

Foam Tender

1987

VOLVO

87-D-38423

Water Tender

1987

DENNIS

87-D-38621

Water Tender

1987

DENNIS

87-D-38622

Water Tender

1987

DENNIS

87-D-38623

Water Tender

1987

DENNIS

88-D-21473

Personnel Carrier

1988

FORD

88-D-43527

Water Tender

1988

DENNIS

89-D-19102

PRIME MOVER

1989

DENNIS

89-D-51977

Water TANKER

1989

VOLVO

90 D 55858

Water Tender

1990

DENNIS

90-D-41377

Water Tanker

1990

MERCEDES

90-D-55859

Water Tender

1990

DENNIS

90-D-55879

Water Tender MINI CAFS 1990

DENNIS

90-D-55880

Water Tender

1990

DENNIS

90-D-56384

Emergency Tender

1990

Volvo

91-D-32476

PRIME MOVER

1991

MERCEDES

91-D-47749

Water Tender

1991

DENNIS

91-D-48132

DRIVER TRAINER

1991

VOLVO

92-D-50525

Water Tender

1992

DENNIS

93-D-44304

Water Tender

1993

DENNIS

93-D-44305

Water Tender

1993

DENNIS

17

93-D-44340

Water Tender

1993

DENNIS

93-D-44341

Water Tender

1993

DENNIS

94-D-49678

IC UNIT

1994

SCANIA

94-D-50687

Water Tender

1994

DENNIS

94-D-50688

Water Tender

1994

DENNIS

97-D-13482

VAN

1997

FORD

18

(V) Irish Biofuel Companies GREEN BIOFUELS IRELAND LTD. I have been in contact with Sustainable Energy Ireland (S.E.I.) and Green Biodiesel Ireland Ltd (G.B.I.) since, April 2009. As far as I am aware G.B.I. is the only company registered in Ireland to manufacture / produce Biodiesel at the moment. G.B.I. is an Irish Biofuel company established in 2004. It is an amalgamation of farming and other interests and was formed for the purpose of manufacturing Biodiesel in Ireland using indigenous raw materials. Commissioning of the plant commenced in April 2008 and the facility became fully operational in July 2008. The Biodiesel manufactured by G.B.I. meets all current and future sustainability criteria currently being considered in the E.U. and the feedstocks used do not compete with the food chain. The manufacturing facility is located in Marshmeadows, New Ross and is capable of producing 34.50 million liters of Biodiesel per annum. At capacity the out put would account for over 60% of the Biodiesel requirements in 2009, based on a 2% obligation and over 23% of a 2010 target of 5%. From the perspective of the renewable energy targets, G.B.I. can play a major role in providing significant CO2 savings for transport in Ireland. The feedstock used in the process are predominantly waste vegetable oil and animal fats which offer the highest carbon emission savings of all current biofuels. In addition to this G.B.I. would provide a level of “oil independence” to the Irish Transport Industry and would reduce the need to import all of our fuel requirements. G.B.I.‟s output would not only account for 23% of Ireland‟s total Biodiesel needs by 2010, based on a 5% blend ratio to fossil diesel but would also result in a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 90,000 and 120,000 tones per annum, thereby effecting annualized savings in CO2 of between €2.4m and €3.2m, based on the current EUA OTC assessment (EUR/t) of €27 per ton.

19

(VI) Dublin Fire Brigade and G.B.I. Ltd. In March 2009 I contacted Mr. J. O‟ Byrne of Green Biofuel Ireland Ltd. I explained to him that I have created a Green Plan for Kilbarrack Fire Station. Kilbarrack Fire Station has been named through Partnership and senior management as the flagship for this Green Plan project. The purpose of this Green Plan is to dramatically reduce the Brigades Carbon Footprint, save Energy, conserve water and significantly lower the Cost of running the organisation.

I told him that there are many aims to this Green Plan. One of these aims is to convert our fleet of Emergency Vehicles, to accepting Biodiesel. I have spoken at length to Mr. O‟ Byrne about the process of converting our D.F.B. Fleet to Biodiesel. Mr O‟ Byrne has been very helpful in answering many of my questions and I have visited the manufacturing facility in Marshmeadows, New Ross, Co Wexford in early may 2009. Present at that meeting were the C.E.O. of G.B.I., Mr. Nicholas Tierney, Mr. Joe O‟ Byrne Managing Director G.B.I. and Mr. Stephen Doyle, Director of Emo Oil Ireland.

I am not the person to negotiate a price per litre of Biodiesel from G.B.I. to Dublin Fire Brigade. However Mr. O‟ Byrne has given me a rough guide price of between 68 cent and 70 cent per litre. This price is between 2 cent and 3 cent cheaper then the forecourt distribution prices. This price is only an estimated one.

The price would include a 30% blend of G.B.I. Biodiesel smooth mixed with standard fossil diesel. It would also include the transport of the Biodiesel to each station from G.B.I. Co. Wexford.

Emo Oil have partnered up with G.B.I. and have agreed to

transport the mixed 30% Blend to each Fire Station in Dublin.

At the meeting I suggested that D.F.B. might need to trial the 30% Blend Biodiesel on some of their fleet. I suggested that we might use Biodiesel on one of two front line appliances in a two-pump station. This could be done for a period of three months to one year. We could then verse the two pumps against each other and compare the 20

results. Alternatively 30% blend Biodiesel could be trailed in Kilbarrack Fire Station, which is the flagship for the Green Plan project mentioned above.

G.B.I. have assured me of the quality of their product and have expressed an interest in taking things slowly if needs be. They have told me that they have no problem with trailing G.B.I. 30% Blend Biodiesel with Dublin Fire Brigade.

Dublin Fire Brigade and Green Biofuel Ireland Ltd I have informed G.B.I. that Dublin Fire Brigade could be interested in placing an informative label / sticker on one side of all the vehicles in our Fleet. This advertising would be mutually beneficial. I have suggested that these labels could be ten cm 2 approximately and that they could mention things like D.F.B. in partnership with G.B.I. and Emo Oil, reducing the Carbon Footprint of DFB by 70%. The Labels could be placed over the fuel caps on the sides of the appliances.

I understand that if advertising of the G.B.I. product were to commence then there would have to be a reflection of this advertising in the cost of Biodiesel to Dublin Fire Brigade.

As part of this D.F.B., G.B.I. and Emo Oil venture I have spoken with private businesses (such as catering companies, hospitals,) regarding the conversion of Used Cooking Oil (U.C.O.) to Bio Diesel. I have asked some of these companies to pledge their U.C.O. to D.F.B. and they have agreed to donate to this Dublin Fire Brigade project. It is my intention to include this permanently available, collected U.C.O. in the cost process as a means of negotiating a competitive price from G.B.I.

I have regularly been in contact with the Green Business office of Dublin City Council. I have been dealing with Mr. Mark Bennett. Mark and I have looked into the idea of fat and oil being collected from the restaurants of the Dublin City area and given to G.B.I. G.B.I. have informed me that if this side of the venture were to commence, that G.B.I. would look favourably on a further price reduction to D.F.B.

21

In relation to the collection of U.C.O., I spoke to the proprietor of MT Oils in Dublin and he would welcome the opportunity of talking to those concerned in D.C.C. regarding collecting U.C.O. from all outlets in Dublin and possibly some hospitals. MT Oils operate a fully licensed collection and processing facility in Newmarket, Dublin. They currently collect U.C.O. from many outlets in Dublin.

The U.C.O. is cleaned and

supplied to Green Biofuels in New Ross where it is processed into Biodiesel, which is then distributed into the Irish fuel network.

The facility can easily accommodate increased throughput, which would remove the necessity of D.C.C. having to locate a suitable facility, and therefore there would be no capital expenditure required.

I have also been in contact with Mr. Michael Grey of Manvik Ltd. Manvik supply, fit and service waste disposal equipment to the waste industry. The complete product is available to purchase or alternatively to rent on a contract hire basis. This latter option has proven to be extremely popular not least with public bodies such as Dublin City Council.

In 2008 Dublin City Council asked Manvik Ltd to trial 500 litres of Biodiesel on their waste management vehicles for a one-year period. The trial cost was at 90 cent per litre. The trial started in December and is still ongoing. Although 90 cent per litre is less then forecourt prices, G.B.I. have (as mentioned above) offered 68 cent per litre to Dublin Fire Brigade.

After several conversations with Manvik ltd it has become clear to me that they were very happy with the results of the trial so far and would be recommending a 30 % Blend Biodiesel from G.B.I. to Dublin City Council.

22

(VII) Diesel Storage details per Station Location

Position

Fuel Grade

Capacity

Diameter Tested

Donnybrook

Underground

Diesel

4,546 lts.

1350mm

Dolphins Barn

Aboveground

Diesel

13,228 lts.

Phibsboro

Underground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

02/08/06

Underground

Unleaded

4,500 lts.

1520mm

02/08/05

North Strand

Aboveground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

04/08/05

Finglas

Aboveground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

05/08/05

Kilbarrack

Aboveground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

04/08/05

Tallaght

Aboveground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

14/09/05

Nutgrove

Underground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

15/09/05

Underground

Unleaded

4,500 lts.

1520mm

15/09/05

Blanchardstown Underground

Diesel

4,500 lts.

1520mm

03/08/05

Dunlaoire

Diesel

9,000 lts.

1980mm

31/03/06

Underground

Tara Street

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31/03/06 14/09/05

References and useful Resources. Sustainable Energy Ireland Liquid Biofuel Strategy Study for Ireland 2004 Bioenergy News Document African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 2 Conor Toolan - Biofuel in Ireland European Biodiesel Board (E.B.B.): Position paper on the proposals for a renewable energy directive (red) and a revised fuel quality directive: The contribution of Biodiesel to E.U. energy and climate change policies. Commission of the European Parliament Tackling the challenge of rising food prices Directions for EU action. Graboski, M.S., J.D. Ross, R.L. McCormick "Transient Emissions from No. 2 Diesel and Biodiesel Blends in a DDC Series 60 Engine," SAE paper no. 961166 Engine Manufacturers Association Technical Statement on the use of Biodiesel fuel in compression ignition engines. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Carbon Dioxide publication. Christopher A. Sharpe Transient emission testing of Biodiesel and other additives. Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. Techno-economic analysis of Bio-diesel production in the EU: a short summary for decision-makers

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For further details contact:

Dublin Fire Brigade Fire Brigade H.Q., 165-169 Townsend Street Dublin 2 Tel: 01 673 4000 Fax: 01 673 4085 [email protected] www.dublincity.ie

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