International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2014)
Dual Band T Slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna 1,2,3,4,5
Rajan Tiwari1, Surya Pratap Singh2, Rahul Yadav3, Pravesh Kumar Yadav4, Virendra Kumar Rao5 Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering, Anand Engineering College, Keetham Agra The term wireless is described by the theory on generation of radio waves and Electric Wave communication mechanism demonstrated by Heinrich Rudolph Hertz in 1886. This validated the elegant Unified theory of electricity and magnetism formulated by his teacher James Clerk Maxwell in the book a treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in the year 1873[2].And The microstrip patch antenna was first introduced by Munson in a symposium paperin 1972, [3] which was followed by a journal paper in 1974 [4] . Microstrip patch antennas are one of the most innovative antenna design topics with numerous applications in microwave systems. Rapid developments in wireless communication systems resulted in the rapid and huge growth of compact handheld devices such as mobile phones , tablets [5]. A Microstrip device literally means a sandwich of two parallel conducting layers separated by single thin dielectric substrate. Upper conductor on antenna is called as patch which is metallic (Cu, Al, are mostly used for patch ) , patch can be of any shape like square , rectangular , circular , circular ring . Lower layer is called as ground plane . The personal communication and data communication application of antenna came upon mankind like a flash in 1990's , creating a Development and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antennas for Microwave Communication. In its simplest form, a Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate, which has a ground plane on the other side[6].
Abstract-- Microstrip patch antennas are light weight and low profile antennas so use of these kind of antennas are more easy in portable and small communication devices where size is concerned . In this paper the analysis of T –slot rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented. The antenna is designed for wide applications in C-band space communication and wireless LAN communication systems. The bandwidth of proposed antenna is 210 MHz and 87.1 MHz And Active VSWR of antenna is 1.316 and resonant frequencies are 7.09 GHz and 3.77 GHz . Antenna is simulated by HFSS software. Keywords-VSWR, MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA, TSLOT, DUAL BAND, C-BAND, HFSS
I. INTRODUCTION Antennas has become need of modern society due to excess dependence on communication media and establishing link between human and his environment extending to the outer space . The IEEE Standard definition of terms for antennas defines that the Antenna is a device that allow transfer of signal to Waves and In other words it is a means for radiating and receiving radio waves [1]. Antennas are being used for more than a century now, and are invented into a large number of varieties. The design issues of antenna depend on the application being addressed , the mechanical and electrical characteristics , operating costs , and effect on the environment . Antennas possess a wide range of applications ranging from the classical telegraphy to the more established broadcasting to the fascinating radio astronomy . And most importantly the commercial mobile communication industry has been catalyst for the recent explosive growth in antenna design needs. Certainly the past decade has seen an extensive use of antennas by the public for cellular , GPS , satellite, wireless LAN for computers (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth technology, Radio, and so on [1] . However, future needs will be even greater when a multitude of antennas are integrated into say automobiles for all kind of communication needs and into a variety of portable devices and sensors for monitoring and information gathering , wireless technology is on peak and that has fuelled a new dimension to this field. The characteristics of a microstrip patch antenna are discussed briefly followed by an overview of the various analysis techniques that have kept pace with the technology itself.
II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY The patch of microstrip patch antenna is the most important part of antenna. The patch is of some finite dimensions. The patch can be considered to be an open ended transmission line of length and width. [6]The amplitude of surface currents becomes significant when the signal frequency is close to resonance by taking only the fundamental mode into account. The resonant frequency can be calculated by A . Resonant frequency f0
50
√
(1)
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2014) B .Width of metallic patch (W)
III. T ABLES AND F IGURES
√
‘T’ SLOT Antenna Description And Analysis The configuration of proposed antenna is shown in figure 1. The proposed wide slot has a dimension of L & W and is printed on a substrate of thickness (h) relative permittivity =4.4. The dielectric material used as substrate is FR4 epoxy .The printed wide slot is etched on substrate , antenna design is shown figure 1.
(2)
Where, c = free space velocity of light εr = Dielectric constant of substrate The effective dielectric constant of the Microstrip antenna to account for fringing field. C. Effective dielectric constant (3)
√
D. Length Of Metallic Patch(L) L = Leff - 2ΔL , Where ΔL=
(4)
√
E .CALCULATION OF LENGTH EXTENSION (5) Fig 1 .T slot patch antenna
F .Calculation Of VSWR
List Of Different Parameters Of Antenna
VSWR=S= Where
Table 1
(6)
= Reflection Co-efficient
G .Calculation of Return Loss Return loss or reflection loss is the reflection of signal power from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fibre. It is expressed as a ratio in dB relative to the trans-mitted signal power. The return loss is given by RL dB= 10log
RL = -20 log |Г| Г=
MAG. 4.4
UNIT -
0.02 30 30 1.6
mm mm mm
Vswr slot cut length slot cut width feed location feed type
1.32 6 1.6 (20,15,0) Microstrip line FR4 Epoxy
mm mm mm
(7)
Where pi is power supplied by the source and pr is the power reflected. If vi is the amplitude of the incident wave and vr that of the reflected wave. then the return loss can be expressed in terms of the reflection coefficient г as:
And
PARAMETER dielectric constant of substrate loss tangent length of substrate width of substrate height of substrate
(8) name of substrate
(9)
For an antenna to radiate effectively, the return loss should be less than -10 dB
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2014) B. VSWR plot Figure 3 shows the variation of VSWR with frequency minimum value of VSWR is 1.316 at 3.77GHz and 1.34 at 7.09GHz
IV. RESULT AND D ISCUSSION A. Return loss plot For simulation we have used HFSS software .HFSS stands for HIGH FREQUENCY STRUCTURE SIMULATOR . Figure 2 shows variation of S parameter with frequency. This can be also stated as return loss plot. Value of return loss below -10dB is entertained here. There are 2 resonant frequencies obtained 7.09GHz and 3.77 GHz. Thus there are 2 bandwidths for operation one is 87.1MHz and other is 210MHz XY Plot 1
dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1)) Setup1 : Sweep1
-4.00 dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))
min
40.00
Curve Info
-2.00
Curve Info
abs(VSWR(LumpPort1)) 1.3167 Setup1 : Sweep1
HFSSDesign1
0.00
HFSSDesign1
50.00
abs(VSWR(LumpPort1))
Ansoft Corporation
XY Plot 2
Ansoft Corporation
30.00
20.00
-6.00
-8.00
10.00
-10.00
-12.00
0.00 3.00
-14.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
Freq [GHz]
Fig .3 frequency Vs. VSWR plot
-16.00
-16.5055
At 7.09GHz value of VSWR is 1.34.
-18.00 3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
Table 3 VSWR values at different frequencies
10.00
Freq [GHz] MX1: 7.1079
frequency(GHz) 3.756 3.770 3.791 3.805
Fig. 2 Return loss plot of antenna Table 2 Return loss values about resonant frequencies
Frequency(GHz)
Return loss value(dB)
frequency(GHz)
return loss value(dB)
3.735 3.742 3.749 3.756 3.763 3.770 3.777 3.798
-10.152 -11.441 -12.925 -14.571 -16.193 -17.284 -17.211 -12.867
3.784 3.791 7.071 7.085 7.099 7.106 7.120 7.141
-16.045 -14.446 -15.846 -16.575 -16.741 -16.580 -15.870 -14.279
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VSWR 1.4594 1.1316 1.4677 1.7298
frequency(GHz) 7.064 7.099 7.183 7.204
VSWR 1.4122 1.34071 1.7690 1.9474
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2014) C. Radiation Pattern
V. RESULT AND D ISCUSSION Radiation Pattern 1
Ansoft Corporation
Curve Info
0
-5.00
dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='7.2GHz' Phi='0deg'
-10.00
dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='7.2GHz' Phi='90deg'
-30
The S-parameter was obtained from simulation. The simulated result of The Conventional Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Fed By Microstrip Line, Inset Rectangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna and „T‟ Shaped Slotted Rectangular Patch are shown in figure 1,and 6. At 3.77 GHz frequency Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna alone exhibits the Return Loss of –17.284 dB and bandwidth 87.1 MHz while when it is incorporated with Inset Feed Rectangular Patch at a height of 5mm, from the ground plane. It Shows Return Loss at 7.09GHz Frequency of -16.74dB and Bandwidth is 210MHz.
HFSSDesign1
30
-60
60 -15.00
-20.00
-90
90
-120
120
-150
150 -180
Fig .4 radiation pattern plot
A. 3-D POLAR PLOT
Fig .6 Dimension of microstrip patch antenna
VI. CONCLUSION Microstrip antennas have become a rapidly growing area of research. Their potential applications are limitless, because of their light weight, compact size, and ease of manufacturing. The low profile „T‟ shaped patch antenna is presented in this paper. The simulation results of the „ T ‟ shape microstrip patch antenna have provided a useful design for an antenna operating at a frequency of 7.09GHz and 3.77GHz. At the time, the antenna is thin and compact with the use of low dielectric constant substrate material. Acknowledgment
Fig .5 3-D polar plot
First and foremost we would like to thank GOD and thenafter thank to Mr. Rohit Gurjar for his guidance, as well as the anonymous reviewers of this paper for their valuable and constructive review comments.
3-D polar plot is the distribution of power around antenna. Different colour shows different values of Gain.
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2014) [4]
REFERENCES [1] [2] [3]
Constantine A.Balanis, Antenna Theory and Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997. W. L. Stutzman, G.A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and design, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Ed., New York, 1998. R. E. Munson, “Microstrip Phased Array Antennas,” Proc. of Twenty-Second Symp. on USAFAntenna Research and Development Program, October 1972.
[5]
[6]
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R. E. Munson , “Conformal Microstrip Antennas and Microstrip Phased Arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-22, no. 1 (January 1974): 74–78. Frigon, J.F, Eltawil, A.M, Grayver, E., Tarighat A, Zou, H., “Design and Implementation of a Baseband WCDMA Dual-Antenna Mobile Terminal,” IEEE Cir-cuits and Systems Transactions, Vol.54, pp.518-529, 2007 Rahul Tiwari, Dr.Seema Verm., “invertwd L slot wide band rectangular microstrip patch antenna” ,IJATER, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan. 2014
