UNCLASSIFIED
Drug Enforcement Administration
Fentanyl in the United States UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl Schedule II synthetic opioid •
More potent than heroin
“Synthetic Heroin” • Users are often unaware
Sources • China: Illicit fentanyl & variants • Mexico: Possible illicit fentanyl production • Pharmaceutical Diversion: Much smaller scale UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl Deaths
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl Seizures
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl Exhibits in NFLIS Number of Fentanyl and Acetyl Fentanyl Exhibits in NFLIS, 2009‐2014 14000
13002
12000 10000 7864
8000
Fentanyl
6000 4000 2000
1594 732 340 389
934 525 584 640 624 644
0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl in Counterfeit Pills • Fentanyl & fentanyl derivatives pressed into counterfeit prescription pills • Appearance consistent with authentic pills • DEA seized over 15,000 pills in 2015
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Brandon Martz Intelligence Analyst
[email protected]
UNCLASSIFIED
DEA Special Testing and Research Laboratory Fentanyl Update Heroin Response Strategy Symposium June 2016 Jeffrey H. Comparin Laboratory Director Drug Enforcement Administration Special Testing and Research Laboratory
UNCLASSIFIED
Dosages of Fentanyl Patch (transdermal film): ~12 to 100 μg/hour Lozenge (‘lollipop’): ~200μg/0.25hr/4 hours Nasal spray: ~100μg/dose Fentanyl Fentanyldose doserange range
0.00000000 1/1000 gram (1/1000 sweetener packet) 1/10 gram (1/10 sweetener packet) 1 gram (sweetener packet) UNCLASSIFIED
Estimated Fatal Dose
2 milligrams* of fentanyl hydrochloride Fatal!
Source:* http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug‐profiles/fentanyl Accessed 01/20/2016
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl in HSPs/DMPs •
High purity fentanyl exhibits have not been detected within the HSP or DMP.
•
HSP/DMP purity range for fentanyl is 0 to 6%.
•
Street level fentanyl can be found with or without heroin.
•
Sporadically, fentanyl is found with cocaine or methamphetamine.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl in Other Exhibits • The majority of non‐HSP/DMP exhibits investigated, including the SWB seizures, showed less than 10% fentanyl. • Many samples were adulterated with dipyrone, a pain reliever that is outlawed in the U.S. but is widely used in Mexico. • Canada/China connected exhibits were of high purity. • Canada/China connected acetyl fentanyl samples also showed high purity.
Often submitted as suspected cocaine
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Manufacturing Acetyl Fentanyl
4‐ANPP
Fentanyl
Certain Derivatives
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl Derivatives Acetyl Fentanyl • Identified in RI/Canada in 2013 • DEA Lab System 3/2014 • 62 DEA exhibits in 2015 • 20 DEA exhibits in 1st QTR 2016
Betahydroxy Thiofentanyl
Butyryl Fentanyl • Seen on Internet in 2012 • DEA Lab System 4/2015 • 6 DEA exhibits in 2015 • 3 DEA exhibits in 1st QTR 2016
UNCLASSIFIED
•
First seen in the 1980’s
•
DEA Lab System 4/2015
•
6 DEA exhibits in 2015
•
No DEA exhibits in 1st QTR 2016
UNCLASSIFIED
Fentanyl Derivatives Furanyl Fentanyl • Identified in non‐DEA exhibits in 2015 • 1 DEA exhibit in 1st QTR 2016 Valeryl Fentanyl (Pentanoyl Fentanyl) • 2 DEA exhibits in 2nd QTR 2016
Valeryl Fentanyl
Tracking a New Synthetic Opioid – not fentanyl related U‐47700 • Seen on internet in 2014 • No DEA exhibits in 2015 • 1 DEA exhibit in 1st QTR 2016 U‐47700 UNCLASSIFIED
STRL Emerging Trends Program 2015 National Trends – Other Substances Identified Opioids Fentanyl (244) • • •
Only controlled substance (113) With heroin (117) With other (14)
Acetylfentanyl (62) • • •
Only controlled substance (31) With heroin (20) With other (11)
Butyryl fentanyl (6) •
Only controlled substance (6)
β‐Hydroxythiofentanyl (3) • •
Only controlled substance (2) With heroin (1)
W‐18 (2) •
Only controlled substance (2)
4‐ANPP (1) •
Only controlled substance (1)
Notes: 1) This data was compiled from analytical results from the DEA laboratory system. It encompasses exhibits seized 01/01/2015 through 12/31/2015 that were analyzed by 12/31/2015. The data was retrieved on 01/07/2016. 2) Due to the recent increase in seizures, fentanyl is included.
UNCLASSIFIED
Southwest Border Seizure (2014)
11 kilograms of 20% fentanyl = 2.2 kg pure fentanyl HCl = 1.1 Million Lethal Doses!* 17
*Using EMCDDA Estimated Fatal Dose UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Protection DEA Level “A” High‐Hazard Certification Program Developed and conducted by the Special Testing and Research Lab, TRDC, and ODS
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Thank You Jeffrey H. Comparin Laboratory Director Drug Enforcement Administration Special Testing and Research Laboratory
UNCLASSIFIED
