Dr. John Andraos, 1 NAMED CONSTANTS. Dr. John Andraos,

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf 1 NAMED CONSTANTS © Dr. John Andraos, 2000 - 2014 Department of Chemistry, Yor...
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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

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NAMED CONSTANTS © Dr. John Andraos, 2000 - 2014 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected]

http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Conte de Quaregno e Cerreto

9 August 1776 - 9 July 1856 Italian, b. Turin Italy Avogadro's Number, N = 6.023 X 1023 molecules mole-1 Avogadro, A. J. Physique 1811, 73, 58 Perrin, J. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 1908, 146, 967 Perrin, J. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 1908, 147, 594 Paneth, F.A. Nature 1957, 179, 145

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

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Biographical References: Porter, Roy (ed.), The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press: New York, 1994 Millar, D.; Millar, I.; Millar, J.; Millar, M., Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, W. & R. Chambers: Edinburgh, 1989 Abbott, David (ed.), The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists: Chemists, Peter Bedrick Books: New York, 1983 Partington, J.R., A History of Chemistry, Vol. IV, Macmillan and Co., Ltd.: London, 1964, p. 213 Murrell, J.N. Helv. Chim. Acta 2001, 84, 1314

Niels Hendrik David Bohr

7 October 1885 - 16 November 1962 Danish, b. Copenhagen, Denmark Nobel Prize Physics 1922 Bohr magneton for electron, 9.274 X 10-24 J T-1 Bohr magneton for nucleus, 5.051 X 10-27 J T-1 First Bohr radius, 5.292 X 10-11 m Biographical references: Cockcroft, J. Biog. Memoirs Fellows Roy. Soc. 1963, 9, 37 Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994 Rosenfeld, L. in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Gillispie, C.C. ed.; Charles Scribner's Sons: New York, 1981, Vol. 2, p. 239

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Wheeler, J.A. Physics Today 1985, 38(10), 66 Heilbron, J.L. Physics Today 1985, 38(10), 28 Roeseberg, U. Niels Bohr: life and work of an atomic scientist (1885 – 1962), 2nd ed., Akademie Verlag: Berlin, 1987 Pauli, W. (ed.) Niels Bohr and the Development of Physics, McGraw-Hill Book Co.: New York, 1955 Craig, G.W. Helv. Chim. Acta 2013, 96, 2304

Ludwig Edward Boltzmann

20 February 1844 - 5 September 1906 Austrian, b. Vienna, Austria Boltzmann's constant, kB = 1.380 X 10-23 J K-1 Boltzmann, L., Sitzungsberichte der Akademie Wissenschaften in Wien: MathematischNaturwissenschafliche Classe 1877, 76II, 373

Biographical References: Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994 Brush, S.G. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1970, Vol. 2, 260

Arthur Holly Compton

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

10 September 1892 - 15 March 1962 American, b. Wooster, Ohio, USA Nobel Prize Physics 1927 Compton wavelength of the electron, 2.426 X 10-12 m Compton wavelength of the proton, 1.321 X 10-15 m Compton wavelength of the neutron, 1.320 X 10-15 m Compton wavelength Compton, A.H., Phys. Rev. 1923, 21, 409 Compton, A.H., Phys. Rev. 1923, 21, 483

Biographical references: Allison, S.K., Biog. Memoirs Natl. Acad. Sci. 1965, 38, 81

Michael Faraday

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

22 September 1791 - 25 August 1867 British, b. Newington Butts, Surrey, near London, England Faraday Constant, F = 9.65 X 104 C Biographical References: Anon., J. Chem. Soc. 1868, 21, xxi Farber, Eduard (ed.), Great Chemists, Interscience Publishers: New York, 1961 Abbott, David (ed.), The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists: Chemists, Peter BedrickBooks: New York, 1983 Partington, J.R., A History of Chemistry, Vol. IV, Macmillan and Co., Ltd.: London, 1964, p. 99 James, F.A.J.L. Educ. Chem. 1991, 28, 128 James, F.A.J.L. ACS Symp. Ser. 1989, 390, 32 Cable, M.; Smedley, J.W. Glass Technol. 1989, 30, 39 Proc. Roy. Soc. London 1868-1869, 17, i-lxviii signed by H B J

Albert Einstein

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

14 March 1879 - 18 April 1955 German-American, b. Ulm, Bavaria, Germany Physics Nobel Prize 1921 Einstein constant, c2 = 8.987 X 1010 J/kg Biographical references: Wheeler, J.A.Biog. Memoirs Natl. Acad. Sci. 1980, 51, 97 Whittaker, Sir E., Biog. Mem. Fellows Roy. Soc. 1955, 1, 37 Balazs, N.L. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1971, Vol. 4, 312

Brian David Josephson 4 January 1940 Welsh, b. Cardiff, Wales Physics Nobel Prize 1973 Josephson frequency-voltage quotient, 4.836 X 10-14 s-1 V-1 Biographical references: Millar, D.; Millar, I.; Millar, J.; Millar, M., Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, W. & R. Chambers: Edinburgh, 1989

Johann Joseph Loschmidt 15 March 1821 - 8 July 1895 German-Czech, b. Putshirn, near Carlsbad, Bohemia (now Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic) Loschmidt number, N = 6.023 X 1023 molecules mole-1 (number of molecules in 22.414 litres (1 mole) of any gas)

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf Loschmidt, J. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Natwiss. Klasse, 1865, 52(Abth. II), 395 Loschmidt, J. Schlomilch's Z. fur Math. Und Phys. 1865, 10, 511 Paneth, F.A. Nature 1957, 179, 145

Biographical references: Bohm, Walter in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1973, Vol. 8, 507 Wiswesser, W.J. Aldrichimia Acta 1989, 22, 17 Fleischhacker, W.; Schonfeld, T. (eds.) Pioneering Ideas for the Physical and Chemical Sciences, Plenum Press: New York, 1997 Noe, C.R.; Bader, A. Chem. Br. 1993, 29, 126 Rocke, A.J. Chem. Br. 1993, 29, 401 Bader, A. Bull. Hist. Chem. 1998, 22, 21

Erwin Madelung 18 May 1881 – 1 August 1972 German, b. Bonn, Germany Madelung series, Madelung constant Madelung, E., Physik. Z. 1910, 11, 898 Madelung, E., Physik. Z. 1918, 19, 524

Biographical References: World Biographical Index, K.G. Saur Publishing, http://www.biblio.tu-bs.de/acwww25u/wbi_en/ Pogg. 1926, 5, 789 Schröder, U.E. in Physiker und Astronomen in Frankfurt, University of Frankfurt Department of Physics: Frankfurt, 1989 Personal communication, Prof. Dr. Christian Reichardt, November 2001

Sir Isaac Newton 25 December 1642 - 20 March 1727 British, b. Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England Newton's gravitational constant, G = 6.670 X 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 Biographical references: Cohen, I.B. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1974, Vol. 10, 42

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

23 April 1858 - 3 October 1947 German, b. Kiel, Germany Planck's Constant, h = 6.625 X 10-34 J s Planck, M., Verh. Deut. Physik. Gesell. 1900, 2, 237 Planck, M., Ann. Physik 1900, 1, 69 Planck, M., Ann. Physik 1901, 4, 553 Millikan, R.A. Phys. Rev. 1916, 7, 18; 355

Biographical References: Millar, D.; Millar, I.; Millar, J.; Millar, M., Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, W. & R. Chambers: Edinburgh, 1989 Einstein, A., Angew. Chem. 1949, 61, 113 von Laue, M., Angew. Chem. 1949, 61, 114 Heisenberg, W., Angew. Chem. 1949, 61, 115 Becker, R., Angew. Chem. 1949, 61, 117 Anon., Angew. Chem. 1949, 61, 151 Partington, J.R., A History of Chemistry, Vol. IV, Macmillan and Co., Ltd.: London, 1964, p. 956 Born, M., Roy. Soc. Obit. Not. Fellows 1948 - 1949, 6, 161

Johannes Robert Rydberg

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

8 November 1854 - 28 December 1919 Swedish, b. Halmstad, Sweden Rydberg constant, R = 1.097 X 107 m-1 Rydberg, J.R., Phil. Mag. 1890, 29, 331 Rydberg, J.R., Compt. Rend. 1890, 110, 394 Rydberg, J.R., Z. Physik. Chem. 1890, 5, 227 Rydberg, J.R., Astrophys. J. 1897, 6, 233 Rydberg, J.R., Wied. Ann. Physik 1896, 58, 674

Biographical references: Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994 Maier, C.L. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1975, Vol. 12, 42

Erwin Schrödinger

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

12 August 1887 - 4 January 1961 Austrian, b. Vienna, Austria Nobel Prize Chemistry 1933 Schrödinger constant for a fixed nucleus, 1.638 X 1038 J-1 m-2 Schrödinger constant for the hydrogen atom, 1.637 X 1038 J-1 m-2 Biographical References: Hermann, A. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1975, Vol. 12, 217 Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994 Heitler, W. Biog. Memoirs Fellows Roy. Soc. 1961, 7, 221

Josef Stefan

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

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24 March 1835 - 7 January 1893 Austrian, b. near Klagenfurt, Austria Stefan-Boltzmann Constant, σ = 5.669 X 10-8 J m-2 s-1 K-4 Stefan, J., Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 1879, 79(II), 391 Stefan, J., Wiener Ber. 1879, 79, 391

Biographical References: Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994

Sir Joseph John Thomson 18 December 1856 - 30 August 1940 British, b. Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, England Physics Nobel 1906 Thomson cross-section, 6.652 X 10-29 m2 Biographical references: Heibron, J.L. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York, 1976, Vol. 13, 362 Lord Rayleigh, Roy. Soc. Fellows Obit. Not. 1941, 3, 587

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf

Pieter Zeeman

5 May 1865 - 9 October 1943 Dutch, b. Zonnemaire, Zeeland, Netherlands Nobel Prize Physics 1902 Zeeman displacement per gauss, 4.669 X 10-3 m gauss-1 Biographical references: Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994 Lord Rayleigh, Roy. Soc. Obit. Not. 1942 - 1944, 4, 591

Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien 13 January 1864 - 30 August 1928 German, b. Gaffken, East Prussia Wien displacement law constant, 2.898 X 10-3 m deg Wien displacement law Wien, W. Ann. Physik 1896, 58, 662

Biographical references:

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Constants.pdf McMurray, Emily J. (ed.), Notable Twientieth-Century Scientists, Gale Research, Inc.: New York, 1995

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