tHe FOCUS ON GRAMMAR unIt Focus on Grammar introduces grammar structures in the context of unified themes. All units follow a four-step approach, taking learners from grammar in context to communicative practice.

ST E P 1 GR AMMAR IN CO N TEXT This section presents the target structure(s) in a natural context. As students read the high-interest texts, they encounter the form, meaning, and use of the grammar. Before You Read activities create interest and elicit students’ knowledge about the topic. After You Read activities build students’ reading vocabulary and comprehension.

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11

Vocabulary exercises improve students’ command of English. Vocabulary is recycled throughout the unit.

Simple Present: Yes / No Questions Shopping for Electronics

STE P 1 GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

ED!

UPDAT

Before You Read PAIRS: Name one electronic device (TV, DVD player, cell phone, computer) that you have and one you don’t have but want to get.

After You Read A | Practice PAIRS: Practice the opening conversation.

NEW!

B | Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook. Vocabulary

Read Read the conversation. AMANDA: Uh . . . Steve, that TV is pretty old. Do you need a new one? Do you want a flat screen TV? STEVE: No, I don’t think so. This old TV works very well. AMANDA: How about a smart phone? Do you want a smart phone? Josh and I use our smart phones all the time. STEVE: Not really. Why?

a flat screen TV

a computer

a smart phone

a GPS

AMANDA: There’s a huge sale at Goodbuys. It starts today. STEVE: Goodbuys? Do you mean the store on Main Street? AMANDA: Uh-huh. Everything is 30 percent off. They have some great deals.* STEVE: I don’t need anything. People have too many things. AMANDA: Well, what about Jessica? Does she need anything? Does she have a GPS? They’re really helpful. Do Tim, Jeremy, or Ben want anything? STEVE: I don’t know. Amanda, why are you telling me about Goodbuys? Do you work there?

a service department

a manager

to fix

30 percent off

AMANDA: Actually, I do. I’m a new manager. STEVE: Really? That’s great. Wait a second. Do they fix things? AMANDA: Yes, they do. The service department is great. STEVE: Well, that sounds good. My radio doesn’t work. AMANDA: Uh . . . Steve. Is that the radio? STEVE: Yes. AMANDA: Steve! That radio is older than all of our technicians. I’m not sure they can fix it. *

great deals: things you can buy at a very low price

98 UNIT 11

C | Vocabulary PAIRS: Tell about an electronics store near your school. What do they sell? Do they have great deals? Do they fix things? ExamplE:

Electronics Plus is near our school. It’s on 86th Street. They sell TVs, computers, and other electronics. They have great deals. They don’t have a service department.

D | Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Write Yes, No, or I don’t know. 1. Does Steve work at Goodbuys?

No

2. Does Steve want a new TV? 3. Do Amanda and Josh like their flat screen TV? 4. Does the sale start tomorrow? 5. Do they have a service department at Goodbuys? 6. Does Steve want to go to Goodbuys?

Engaging readings and conversations present the grammar in realistic contexts.

7. Does Steve have a new radio? Simple Present: Yes / No Questions

99

Reading comprehension tasks focus on the meaning of the text and draw students’ attention to the target structure.

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ST E P 2 G R AMMAR PR E SE N TATI O N This section gives students a comprehensive and explicit overview of the grammar with detailed Grammar Charts and Grammar Notes that present the form, meaning, and use of the structure(s).

Grammar Charts present the structure in a clear, easy-to-read format. Grammar Notes give concise, simple explanations and examples to ensure students’ understanding.

STE P 2 GRAMMAR P RE S ENTATION PAST OF BE: AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS Affirmative Statements was

were

I was at a movie last night. He was at home. She was at the gym. It was hot.

We were at a birthday party yesterday. You were great in the play. You and Ryan were both wonderful. They were at the soccer game.

GRAMMAR NOTES

1

PAST OF BE: NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

Use the present progressive to talk about an action that is happening now.

Negative Statements was not

were not

I was not at home last night. He wasn’t at a movie. She wasn’t at the library. It wasn’t cold yesterday.

We were not at home last night. You weren’t in class yesterday. They weren’t at the library yesterday.

REDESIGNED!

Past

Future She’s talking.

2

Use a form of be + the verb + -ing to form the present progressive.

• I am listening. (listen) • She is talking. (talk)

Note: If the base verb ends in -e, drop the -e and add -ing.

• He is writing. (write)

If the base verb is one syllable and it ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the last consonant. Then add -ing.

• She is running. (run) • They’re sitting. (sit) • We’re shopping (shop)

ExcEptions: Do not double the last consonant if it is w, x, or y.

• We’re growing tomatoes. • He’s fixing his computer. • She’s playing ball.

3

We often use contractions in speaking and informal writing.

• He’s playing cards. • I’m reading. • They’re smiling.

4

Use a form of be + not + the verb + -ing for negative statements.

• I’m not wearing a hat.

There are two contractions for is not and are not.

• Jeremy isn’t talking. or He’s not talking. • Annie and Ben aren’t reading. or They’re not reading.

Be, have, like, need, and want are non-action (stative) verbs. We usually use these verbs in the simple present, not the present progressive.

• Ali is a lawyer. Not: Ali is being a lawyer. • Septi likes apples. Not: Septi is liking apples. • Bob doesn’t have a car. Not: Bob isn’t having a car.

YES / NO QUESTIONS Yes / No Questions

• The president is talking. I’m listening to her.

Now

Short Answers

was / were

Affirmative

Negative

Was I right?

Yes, you were.

No, you weren’t. No, he wasn’t.

Was he at home?

Yes, he was.

Was she at the game?

Yes, she was.

No, she wasn’t.

Was it cold yesterday?

Yes, it was.

No, it wasn’t.

Were we right?

Yes, you were.

No, you weren’t.

Were you at home?

Yes, I was.

No, I wasn’t.

Were they at the game?

Yes, they were.

No, they weren’t.

5 60 UNIT 7

Note: Look at Units 10 and 11 for more practice with these verbs.

6

When you want to connect one want to connect one subject subject with two verbs, do not repeat repeat a form of be. a

Additional Notes provide information about spelling, common errors, and differences 140 between spoken and written English. UNIT 15

viii The Focus on Grammar Unit

• He’s eating and watching TV. Not: He’s eating and is watching TV.

ST E P 3 FO CUSED PR AC TI CE Controlled practice activities in this section lead students to master form, meaning, and use of the target grammar. Discover the Grammar activities develop students’ recognition and understanding of the target structure before they are asked to produce it.

ST E P 3 FOC U SED PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Discover the Grammar Read the sentences. Underline the six yes / no questions. Then match the questions and the answers. 1. Do you want a TV?

a. Yes, we do, but there’s a $50 charge. Do you have a big car? We can help you get it in.

2. Do these TVs cost $1,000? 3. Does that TV have a warranty?

b. Yes, we do. Our old TV doesn’t work.

4. Do you deliver?

c. Yes, it does. It comes with a 90-day warranty. d. No, they cost $850. They’re on sale. Do you like them? They’re very popular.

EXERCISE 2: Do or Does

(Grammar Note 1)

Complete the conversations. Use Do or Does and the correct words from the box. cost

1. A:

know

Do

like

you

live

know

mean

need

use

a good electronics store?

B: Yes, I do. I get all my electronics at Goodbuys. 2. A:

that smart phone

a lot?

B: No, it’s not expensive. 3. A:

I

a case for my phone?

B: No, but it’s a good idea to get one. 4. A:

she

B: No. She lives in Los Angeles.

near Goodbuys?

A: (she / any sisters or brothers)

B: Yes, she does. Her home is close to the electronics store.

? 4.

5. A:

Amanda

her job?

B: She has a brother, Ryu Goto.

B: Yes. She likes it a lot. 6. A:

A: (he / a violinist)

Josh and Amanda

5.

B: Yes, he is. He’s very talented too.

read email?

A: (Midori / other interests)

B: Yes, they do. They use their phones for a lot of things. 7. A:

?

their smart phones to

“fix”

? 6.

“repair”?

B: Yes, she does. She writes, teaches, and brings music to children all over the world.

B: Yes, it does.

Simple Present: Yes / No Questions

101

A variety of exercise types engage students and guide them from recognition and understanding to accurate production of the grammar structures.

EXERCISE 4: Editing There are six mistakes in the conversation. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and correct five more mistakes. Judy: Who was on the phone? MArk: My cousin, Francisco.



is

Judy: How old has he?

MArk: Twenty-five. Judy: Where he from? MArk: São Paulo. Judy: Is he a writer like you? MArk: No. He a musician. He plays the guitar. Judy: He cute? MArk: Yes, he is. He looks like me. Judy: Does he has a girlfriend? MArk: Yes, he do. Judy: That’s too bad.

122 UNIT 13

An Editing exercise ends every Focused Practice section and teaches students to find and correct typical mistakes.

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ST E P 4 COMMUNIC ATIO N PR AC TI C E This section provides practice with the structure in listening and pronunciation exercises as well as in communicative, open-ended speaking and writing activities that move students toward fluency. Listening activities allow students to hear the grammar in natural contexts and to practice a range of listening skills. ST E P 4 COMMU NIC ATION PRACTICE EXERCISE 5: Listening

EXPAN

A | Judy is telling Mark about a new friend. Listen and answer the questions about Judy’s friend Olivia. 1. What does Olivia do?

D E D!

2. Where is she from? B | Listen again. Complete the paragraph about Olivia. Then circle her in the picture. She’s

average

Speaking activities help students synthesize the grammar through discussions, debates, games, and problemsolving tasks, developing their fluency.

height and

weight. She has hair. It’s very

.

saxophone

She’s a .

EXERCISE 7: Describe People Work with a partner. Describe one of the people in Exercise 5 to your partner. Your partner points to the person. Take turns.

EXERCISE 6: Pronunciation A | Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.

EXERCISE 8: Writing

Pronunciation Note

A | Write a description of a famous person. Use the vocabulary from the unit. Use be and have.

The /h/ sound: /h/ is a breathing sound. The /h/ sound is sometimes dropped in the words he, his, her, have, and has when they are unstressed inside a sentence. The /h/ sound is not dropped when those words start a sentence or are in short answers.

Personal Information Country, Age Height: average height, tall, short

B | Listen to the /h/ sound in the underlined words. Then listen again and repeat. His hair is black. Last week his hair was gray. He’s a happy man.

I think he’s sad. Her husband is 40 years old. I don’t know her husband.

C | Listen and repeat. Practice with a partner. A: Is he / tall?

A: What’s his / last name?

B: Yes, he is.

B: His last name is Kim.

A: When does her / concert start?

A: Give him / the tickets.

B: Her concert starts at 9:00.

B: Where is he / ?

Weight: average weight, thin, heavy Hair color: black, dark brown, light brown, red, blond, gray

NEW!

Simple Present: Be and Have

Eye color: brown, black, blue, green, hazel, gray Marital status: single, married, divorced Occupation: actor, athlete, political leader, musician, singer, scientist, writer, TV star ExamplE:

123

(Meryl Streep) She’s from New Jersey in the United States. She’s in her 60s. She’s tall and average weight. She has blond hair and blue eyes. She’s married. She’s the star of many movies, including Doubt, Sophie’s Choice, Silkwood, Mamma Mia, and Out of Africa. Some say she’s the greatest American actress living today.

B | Check your work. Use the Editing Checklist.

Pronunciation Notes and exercises improve students’ spoken fluency and accuracy.

Editing Checklist Did you use . . . ?  vocabulary from the unit  be and have correctly  correct spelling

NEW!

C | GROUPS: Each student describes the person he or she wrote about. Do not tell the name. The others in the group guess the person.

124 UNIT 13

Writing activities encourage students to produce meaningful writing that integrates the grammar structure. An Editing Checklist teaches students to correct their mistakes and revise their work.

x The Focus on Grammar Unit

Unit Reviews give students the opportunity to check their understanding of the target structure. Answers at the back of the book allow students to monitor their own progress.

U NI T

11 Review

Check your answers on page UR-1. Do you need to review anything?

EXERCISE A Match the questions and answers. 1. Do you have a flat screen TV?

a. Yes, they do.

2. Do they fix radios?

b. No, I don’t.

3. Does Josh have a smart phone?

c. Yes, he does.

4. Does this car have a GPS?

d. No, it doesn’t.

N E W!

EXERCISE B Write yes / no questions. Use do or does and the words in parentheses. Then answer the questions. 1. (Steve’s radio / work) A:

?

B: No,

.

2. (the store / have radios) A:

?

B: Yes,

.

3. (Tim and Jeremy / work at Goodbuys) A:

?

B: No,

.

EXERCISE C Correct the conversation. There are five mistakes. A: Does you want to go to the park today? B: Sorry. I need to get a gift for my sister. Do you has any ideas?

From Grammar to WritinG

A: Sure. Does she likes music? CDs are a good gift. B: No, she don’t. A: Well, does she like books? B: Yes, she is. Thanks. That’s a great idea!

106 UNIT 11 Review: Simple Present: Yes / No Questions

PART I

Using This is / These are; Singular and Plural Nouns

Write a Description 1 | Take a photograph or draw a picture of your favorite room in your home. Write about five things. Say something about each thing. Use this is / these are with singular and plural nouns. Follow the model. Model

A section at the back of the book contains writing tasks for each part. Students are guided to practice the grammar in a piece of extended writing.

This is an armchair. It’s soft. It’s my favorite chair. It’s in my living room. These are my lamps. They’re from my parents. They’re beautiful.

2 | Exchange papers with a partner. Did your partner follow directions and the model? Correct any mistakes in grammar and spelling.

3 | Talk to your partner. Discuss the mistakes you made. Then rewrite your own paper and make any necessary changes.

PART II

Using the Present of Be: Questions

Write Questions 1 | Email a friend. Ask your friend four questions about his or her English class. Choose from the question words in the box. Follow the model. Are

Is

What

Where

Who

Model

Hi Françoise, I hope your classes are good. Who’s your new teacher? Where is your class? Are your classmates friendly? Are your classes interesting? I’m at work now, but I finish soon. Are you free for coffee at five o’clock? Abby

FG-1

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