© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person

Introduction DNA Tribes® SNP is a geographical analysis that uses autosomal SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) to identify your Deep Ancestry (ancient ancestry). Your autosomal DNA is inherited 50% from your paternal and 50% from your maternal ancestors, including genetic material from all four grandparents. This Deep Ancestry analysis emphasizes the more ancient genetic links between world populations, rather than a more limited search for family relatives or recent nationality or ethnicity. Your report includes several types of analysis, each providing a different perspective on your Deep Ancestry: (1) Admixture Analysis based on DNA Tribes® proprietary analysis of world population structure; (2) Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) to visualize your genotype's position among populations and regions; and (3) Total Similarity Analysis based on how your genotype as a whole compares to members of ethnic groups around the world.

Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Admixture Analysis: 9 Continental Zones ................................................................................................. 3 Admixture Analysis: 21 World Regions ..................................................................................................... 4 Description of World Regions ................................................................................................................... 5 Admixture Analysis: Native Populations ................................................................................................... 6 Admixture Analysis: All Populations (including Diasporic) ....................................................................... 7 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): 9 Continental Zones ........................................................................... 8 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): 21 World Regions ............................................................................... 9 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): Native Populations ........................................................................... 10 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): All Populations (including Diasporic) ............................................... 11 Total Similarity: Shaded World Grid........................................................................................................ 12 Total Similarity: African Populations ....................................................................................................... 13 Total Similarity: Caucasus Mountains Populations ................................................................................. 16 Total Similarity: East Asian Populations .................................................................................................. 16 Total Similarity: European Populations................................................................................................... 19 Total Similarity: Middle Eastern Populations .......................................................................................... 21 DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person http://www.dnatribes.com/snp.html Customer Support: [email protected] 2/11/2013 Page 1 of 39

© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Total Similarity: Native American Populations ....................................................................................... 23 Total Similarity: North Asian Populations ............................................................................................... 24

Total Similarity: Oceanian Populations ................................................................................................... 26 Total Similarity: South Asian Populations ............................................................................................... 27 Total Similarity: Diasporic Populations ................................................................................................... 30 Total Similarity: List of All Populations ................................................................................................... 32

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Admixture Analysis: 9 Continental Zones

© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies ancestral contributions to your genome from 9 continental zones (illustrated in the map below). These continental zones can include multiple cultures and languages and cross perceived boundaries between modern nations and ethnic groups. Your results below can express recent genealogical ancestry, as well as more ancient relationships among world populations.

Continent West Asian European Saharan-Arabian Sub-Saharan African Northeast African Native American East Asian North Asian South Asian

Percentage 48.8% 30.7% 20.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

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Admixture Analysis: 21 World Regions

© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies ancestral contributions to your genome from 21 world regions (illustrated in the map below) identified by DNA Tribes® proprietary statistical analysis of world population structure. These genetic regions can include multiple cultures and languages and can cross perceived boundaries between modern countries and ethnic groups (see page 5 for more detailed descriptions). Your results below can express recent genealogical ancestry, as well as more ancient relationships among world populations.

Region East Mediterranean Iberian-Italian Arabian Slavic-Baltic Mesopotamian Mesoamerican Khoisan-Aka South India Horn of Africa North African Indus Valley

Percentage 45.3% 18.0% 14.3% 11.7% 9.8% 0.7% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Siberian-Arctic Caucasus Mountains Uralic Northwest European Oceanian Southeast Asian East Asian Tibetan Nilotic West African

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0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Description of World Regions More detailed descriptions of the 21 world regions used in your admixture analysis (see page 4) are provided below. These regions have been identified by DNA Tribes® proprietary statistical analysis to provide the most detailed and representative comparison of your DNA to world population structure. World Region

Description of World Region

Other Related Populations

Arabian Caucasus Mountains East Asian East Mediterranean Horn of Africa Iberian-Italian

Arabian Peninsula; Northeast Africa. The Caucasus Mountains. China; Japan. Cyprus; European Jewish; Malta. Ethiopia; Somalia. West Mediterranean.

Indus Valley

Indus River Valley; Hindu Kush Mountains.

Southwest Asia. West Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia. Levant; Anatolia; Italy. Eastern Africa; Nile Valley. Throughout Continental Europe. Central Asia; Nepal; Northern India. South African Bantu.

Khoisan-Aka

Khoisan; Aka; Mbuti. Indigenous populations of North, Central Mesoamerican and South America. Mesopotamian Anatolia; Transcaucasus; Kurds; Persians. Nilotic Nilotic speaking populations of East Africa. North African The Maghreb and Sahara Desert. The British Isles; Western Europe; Northwest European Scandinavia. Melanesian populations of the Pacific Oceanian Ocean. Indigenous populations of Siberia, Alaska, Siberian-Arctic and Greenland. Eastern and Central Europe; Balkan Slavic-Baltic Peninsula. South India Southern and Eastern India. Malay Archipelago; Polynesia; Mainland Southeast Asian Southeast Asia. Tibetan Tibetan Plateau; Northern China. Uralic Finland; Northern Russia; Ural Mountains. West African

Western Africa.

Southwest Asia. Southwestern Europe. Continental Europe. Polynesians. Northern Eurasia; Native North Americans. Western Europe. Northern India; Southeast Asia. Eastern India. Highland East Asia. Scandinavia; West Siberia. Bantu speaking populations of East and Southern Africa.

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Admixture Analysis: Native Populations

© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies ancestral contributions to your genome from native populations. These mixture percentages do not indicate percentages of nationality or ethnicity. Instead, mixture results below express geographical signals of ancestry based on the populations sampled in our database. These genetic signals can reflect present day ethnicity, as well as more ancient links between populations through shared origins, migrations, and trade contacts. Population Tuscany Italy Armenian Sardinia Mozabite Algeria-Mzab Dargin Urkarah Dagestan Arab Qatar Cyprus Slovenia Basque France Southern Italy and Sicily Egypt 2 Adyghe North Caucasus Dusadh India Saudi Arabia Poland Druze Israel-Carmel Palestinian Israel Hungary Makrani Pakistan Bulgaria Jordan England Khomani San Askham South Africa Ukraine Bergamo Italy Karitiana Brazil Turkey North Morocco Chuvash Russian Federation

Percentage 22.1% 9.3% 6.6% 6.5% 6.4% 6.3% 5.4% 4.1% 4.0% 3.9% 3.7% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.0% 1.5% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2%

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© 2006-2013 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Admixture Analysis: All Populations (including Diasporic)

This portion of your report identifies ancestral contributions to your genome from all world populations in our database, including modern populations that have mixed and migrated within the past 500 years. These mixture percentages do not indicate percentages of nationality or ethnicity. Instead, mixture results below express geographical signals of ancestry based on the populations sampled in our database. These genetic signals can reflect present day ethnicity, as well as more ancient links between populations through shared origins, migrations, and trade contacts. Population Ashkenazi Jewish Europe Tuscany Italy Jewish Morocco Sephardic Jewish Bulgaria Mozabite Algeria-Mzab Armenian Dargin Urkarah Dagestan Sardinia Persian Qatar Cyprus Southern Italy and Sicily Jewish Azerbaijan Dusadh India Canary Islands Poland Basque France Slovenia Arab Qatar Adyghe North Caucasus Jewish Yemen Egypt 2 Saudi Arabia European-American Utah Khomani San Askham South Africa Mexican-American Los Angeles CA Karitiana Brazil

Percentage 23.7% 11.3% 8.1% 6.1% 5.2% 4.8% 4.8% 4.1% 4.0% 3.3% 2.8% 2.6% 2.6% 2.5% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.4% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3%

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© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): 9 Continental Zones This plot illustrates the relationship of your genotype to world continental zones. Your genotype is displayed as a bold diamond on the chart.

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© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): 21 World Regions This plot illustrates the relationship of your genotype to the closest world regions. Your genotype is displayed as a bold diamond on the chart.

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© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): Native Populations This plot illustrates the relationship of your genotype to the closest native populations. Your genotype is displayed as a bold diamond on the chart.

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© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): All Populations (including Diasporic)

This plot illustrates the relationship of your genotype to the closest world populations, in some cases including ethnic groups that have migrated or mixed in recent history. Your genotype is displayed as a bold diamond on the chart.

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© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Total Similarity: Shaded World Grid This portion of your report illustrates your total genetic similarity to a world grid based on native populations in our database. Locations on the grid that are genetically more similar to you are mapped in red (most similar), orange and yellow; locations less similar to you are mapped in purple (least similar), blue and green. This map illustrates the full spectrum of your world genetic relationships.

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© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Total Similarity: African Populations This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to African populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 76 83 84

Population North Morocco Mozabite Algeria-Mzab Libya

Member Similarity 0.7048 0.7029 0.7027

Match -

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Map Section Africa Africa Africa

86 90 92 97 119 132 134 141 153 163 164 176 202 215 217 220 224 225 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 238 239 240 241 242 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251

Algeria Tunisia Morocco Saharawi South Morocco Amhara Ethiopia Tigray Ethiopia Afar Ethiopia Oromo Ethiopia Somali Ethiopia Somalia Wolayta Ethiopia Fulani Nigeria Maasai Kenya Ari Cultivator Ethiopia Sandawe Tanzania Hema East-Central Africa Ari Blacksmith Ethiopia Gumuz Ethiopia Luhya Kenya Xhosa Anuak Ethiopia Bantu Kenya Bulala Chad Igbo Nigeria Fang Cameroon Mandenka Senegal Alur East-Central Africa Herero South Africa Dogon West Africa Khwe San Caprivi Southern Africa Mada Cameroon Bambara West Africa Nama Khoe Windhoek Namibia South Sudanese Kaba Chad Kongo Bantu South Africa Nguni South Africa

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7025 0.7015 0.7013 0.7000 0.6961 0.6928 0.6922 0.6914 0.6875 0.6852 0.6849 0.6806 0.6767 0.6755 0.6747 0.6730 0.6717 0.6715 0.6641 0.6637 0.6636 0.6634 0.6634 0.6631 0.6630 0.6626 0.6623 0.6620 0.6620 0.6616 0.6615 0.6612 0.6611 0.6611 0.6610 0.6609 0.6608 0.6608 0.6607

-

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Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa

252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270

Yoruba Nigeria Bamoun Cameroon Brong Ovambo South Africa Pedi South Africa Hausa Nigeria Tswana South Africa Hadza Tanzania Sotho South Africa Khomani San Askham South Africa Khomani San South Africa Karretjie San Colesberg South Africa Kung Kalahari Desert Aka Central African Republic Xun San Menongue Angola Gui and Gana San Botswana San Namibia Mbuti East-Central Africa Juoansi San Tsumkwe Namibia

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6606 0.6605 0.6605 0.6605 0.6605 0.6603 0.6602 0.6598 0.6581 0.6572 0.6563 0.6562 0.6552 0.6552 0.6548 0.6548 0.6513 0.6503 0.6496

-

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Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

Total Similarity: Caucasus Mountains Populations

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to Caucasus Mountains populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 23 33 34 43 46 49 50 51 61 64 66 74

Population Armenian Georgia Caucasus Adyghe North Caucasus Chechen Abkhazian Kumyk Turkey Balkar North Ossetia Lezgin Caucasus Dargin Urkarah Dagestan Nogay

Member Similarity 0.7115 0.7106 0.7106 0.7095 0.7094 0.7089 0.7089 0.7086 0.7079 0.7077 0.7072 0.7054

Match -

Map Section Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus

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Total Similarity: East Asian Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to East Asian populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank

Population

116 174 177 179 182 185 192 194 196 198

Uyghur China Burma Thailand Malay Singaporean Cambodia Monguor China Tibet Yi China Vietnam Tujia China

Member Match Similarity 0.6966 0.6808 0.6805 0.6803 0.6800 0.6793 0.6783 0.6778 0.6778 0.6775 -

Map Section East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia

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199 200 203 205 206 207 209 211 214 221

Naxi China Miao China Han Beijing China Lahu China Japan Han Southern China She China Iban Borneo Dai China Naga India

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6772 0.6770 0.6767 0.6761 0.6761 0.6761 0.6759 0.6758 0.6756 0.6727

-

East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia East Asia

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Total Similarity: European Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to European populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 13 14 16

Population Serbia and Croatia Germany Portugal Tuscany Italy Basque Spain Hungary Bergamo Italy Italy General Southern Italy and Sicily Basque France Sardinia

Member Similarity 0.7158 0.7142 0.7136 0.7134 0.7127 0.7127 0.7126 0.7126 0.7124 0.7123 0.7123

Match

Map Section

-

Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe

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17 18 19 20 21 22 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 36 37 39 40 41 42 45 52 54 55 65 78

Poland Bulgaria Andalusia Spain Slovenia France Galicia Spain Spain Cornwall West Britain Norway Orkney Islands Scotland England Ukraine Romania Argyll and Bute Scottish Highlands Greek Mixed Lithuania Netherlands Russia General Ireland Belarus Finland Sweden Mordvin Vologda Northern Russia Chuvash Russian Federation

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7123 0.7123 0.7123 0.7121 0.7121 0.7118 0.7114 0.7113 0.7112 0.7110 0.7109 0.7108 0.7108

-

Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe

0.7105 0.7104 0.7103 0.7098 0.7097 0.7097 0.7095 0.7086 0.7084 0.7082 0.7073 0.7047

-

Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe

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Total Similarity: Middle Eastern Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to Middle Eastern populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 10 26 47 56 57 59

Population Cyprus Assyrian Druze Israel-Carmel Syria Iran Palestinian Israel

Member Similarity 0.7126 0.7114 0.7094 0.7081 0.7081 0.7079

Match -

Map Section Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East

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62 63 67 68 69 72 73 77 81 98

Jordan Kurdish Lebanon Egypt 2 Saudi Arabia Egypt 1 Arab Qatar Bedouin Negev Desert Israel Yemen Samaritan

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7079 0.7078 0.7070 0.7060 0.7058 0.7055 0.7055 0.7047 0.7037 0.6998

-

Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East Middle East

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Total Similarity: Native American Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to Native American populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 180 188 197 201 223 226 228 237

Population Maya Mexico Eastern Greenland Aymara La Paz Bolivia Totonac Mexico Pima Mexico Amerindian Colombia Karitiana Brazil Surui Brazil

Member Similarity 0.6802 0.6789 0.6776 0.6768 0.6720 0.6702 0.6671 0.6624

Match

Map Section

-

Native American Native American Native American Native American Native American Native American Native American Native American

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Total Similarity: North Asian Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to North Asian populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 101 122 133 138 149 155 158 162 168 171 172 173 175 183 186

Population Uzbek Central Asia Hazara Pakistan Selkup Russian Federation Kyrgyz Altai Russian Federation Ket Russian Federation Mongol Mongolia Dolgan Russian Federation Tuvinians Russian Federation Buryat Russian Federation Buryat China Yakut Siberia Yukaghir Russian Federation Daur China Hezhen China

Member Similarity 0.6988 0.6958 0.6928 0.6916 0.6885 0.6868 0.6861 0.6854 0.6834 0.6825 0.6823 0.6808 0.6807 0.6796 0.6790

Match -

Map Section North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia

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187 190 193 195 208 213 218

Mongola China Xibo China Evenk Russian Federation Oroqen China Koryak Russian Federation Chukchi Russian Federation Nganasan Russian Federation

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6789 0.6787 0.6782 0.6778 0.6760 0.6757 0.6745

-

North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia

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Total Similarity: Oceanian Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to Oceanian populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 219 222 227 243

Population Samoa Tonga Melanesian Bougainville Papuan New Guinea

Member Similarity 0.6732 0.6721 0.6674 0.6615

Match -

Map Section Oceania Oceania Oceania Oceania

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Total Similarity: South Asian Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to South Asian populations in our database. Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 75 80 82 85 87 88

Population Tajik Turkmen Brahui Pakistan Pashtun Pakistan Balochi Pakistan Makrani Pakistan

Member Similarity 0.7050 0.7037 0.7030 0.7025 0.7019 0.7017

Match

Map Section

-

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South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia

89 93 94 95 99 102 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 115 117 118 121 123 124 125 126 129 130 131 135 137 139 140 142 143 146 147 148 150 151 152

Burusho Pakistan Kshatriya Uttar Pradesh India Arain Punjab Pakistan Meena India Sindhi Pakistan Kalash Pakistan Brahmin Uttar Pradesh India Muslim Uttar Pradesh India Lambadi India Brahmin Tamil Nadu India Brahmin Andhra Pradesh India Gujarat India Meghawal India Scheduled Caste Uttar Pradesh India Dharkar India Nepal Velama India Kurmi India Bengali India Dusadh India Tharu India Kanjar India Scheduled Caste Tamil Nadu India Chamar India Mala Andhra Pradesh India Kol India Madiga Andhra Pradesh India Dalit Tamil Nadu India Gond India Sakilli India Hakkipikki India Piramalai Kallar India Brahmin Uttaranchal India Chenchu India North Kannadi India Asur Jharkand India Nihali India Kurumba India Irula South India

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7016 0.7012 0.7006 0.7004 0.6995 0.6987 0.6985 0.6983 0.6982 0.6979 0.6979 0.6977 0.6975 0.6973 0.6972 0.6970 0.6969 0.6965 0.6964 0.6959 0.6957 0.6953 0.6947 0.6946 0.6934 0.6932 0.6930 0.6919 0.6917 0.6916 0.6915 0.6911 0.6910 0.6900 0.6894 0.6893 0.6883 0.6882 0.6880

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South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia

154 156 157 159 160 161 165 166 167 169 170 178 181 189 191

Malayan India Ho Bihar India Gadaba Orissa India Santhal Jharkand India Khasi Meghalaya India Mawasi India Bhunjia India Savara Orissa India Bonda Orissa India Pulliyar India Paniya India Dhurwa India Kharia Chattishgarh India Garo Meghalaya India Juang Orissa India

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6870 0.6865 0.6865 0.6860 0.6859 0.6856 0.6843 0.6840 0.6834 0.6830 0.6829 0.6805 0.6801 0.6789 0.6786

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DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person http://www.dnatribes.com/snp.html Customer Support: [email protected] 2/11/2013 Page 29 of 39

South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia

Total Similarity: Diasporic Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to Diasporic populations in our database. This includes modern ethnic groups that have migrated or mixed in recent history (approximately the past 500 years). Each population on the map is labeled with a number expressing the ranking among your world population matches (see page 32 for a complete list). In the table, each population is listed with a Member Similarity score that expresses the percentage of your DNA shared with members of that population. Circled populations (labeled "Match" in the table) identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®.

Rank 2 3 12 15 24 35 38 44 48 53 58 60 70 71

Population Ashkenazi Jewish Europe Sephardic Jewish Bulgaria Canary Islands Jewish Morocco European-American Utah Jewish Iran Sephardic Jewish Turkey Jewish Azerbaijan Jewish Georgia Jewish Yemen Jewish Uzbekistan Jewish Iraq Aleut Alaska Persian Qatar

Member Similarity 0.7156 0.7145 0.7124 0.7123 0.7115 0.7105 0.7104 0.7095 0.7092 0.7085 0.7080 0.7079 0.7056 0.7056

Match

Map Section

Match -

Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora

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79 91 96 100 103 113 120 127 128 136 144 145 184 204 210 212 216

Puerto Rico Colombia Native American US and Canada Bene Israel India Mexican-American Los Angeles CA Indian Singaporean Cochin Jewish India Ecuador Dominican Republic Jewish Ethiopia Western Greenland Coloured Wellington South Africa African Qatar Coloured Colesberg South Africa Chinese-American Denver CO Chinese Singaporean African-American Southwest USA

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7042 0.7014 0.7003 0.6994 0.6986 0.6972 0.6960 0.6944 0.6938 0.6919 0.6909 0.6901 0.6796 0.6766 0.6759 0.6758 0.6751

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Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora Diaspora

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Total Similarity: List of All Populations

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

This portion of your report identifies your total genetic similarity to all world populations in our database, including native populations as well as modern diasporic populations that have migrated or mixed in the past 500 years. Each population listing includes: the ranking of your Similarity for that sample among all world population samples; the name of the population sample; your average genetic similarity to members of that population; and the map section where that population is illustrated. Populations labeled “Match” identify ethnic groups where your genotype fits well among members, based on a proprietary statistical test developed by DNA Tribes®. Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Population Serbia and Croatia Ashkenazi Jewish Europe Sephardic Jewish Bulgaria Germany Portugal Tuscany Italy Basque Spain Hungary Bergamo Italy Cyprus Italy General Canary Islands Southern Italy and Sicily Basque France Jewish Morocco Sardinia Poland Bulgaria Andalusia Spain Slovenia France Galicia Spain Armenian European-American Utah Spain Assyrian Cornwall West Britain Norway Orkney Islands Scotland

Member Similarity Match 0.7158 0.7156 Match 0.7145 0.7142 0.7136 0.7134 0.7127 0.7127 0.7126 0.7126 0.7126 0.7124 0.7124 0.7123 0.7123 0.7123 0.7123 0.7123 0.7123 0.7121 0.7121 0.7118 0.7115 0.7115 0.7114 0.7114 0.7113 0.7112 0.7110 -

Map Section Europe Diaspora Diaspora Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Middle East Europe Diaspora Europe Europe Diaspora Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Caucasus Diaspora Europe Middle East Europe Europe Europe

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30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

England Ukraine Romania Georgia Caucasus Adyghe North Caucasus Jewish Iran Argyll and Bute Scottish Highlands Greek Mixed Sephardic Jewish Turkey Lithuania Netherlands Russia General Ireland Chechen Jewish Azerbaijan Belarus Abkhazian Druze Israel-Carmel Jewish Georgia Kumyk Turkey Balkar Finland Jewish Yemen Sweden Mordvin Syria Iran Jewish Uzbekistan Palestinian Israel Jewish Iraq North Ossetia Jordan Kurdish Lezgin Caucasus Vologda Northern Russia Dargin Urkarah Dagestan Lebanon Egypt 2

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7109 0.7108 0.7108 0.7106 0.7106 0.7105 0.7105 0.7104 0.7104 0.7103 0.7098 0.7097 0.7097 0.7095 0.7095 0.7095 0.7094 0.7094 0.7092 0.7089 0.7089 0.7086 0.7086 0.7085 0.7084 0.7082 0.7081 0.7081 0.7080 0.7079 0.7079 0.7079 0.7079 0.7078 0.7077 0.7073 0.7072 0.7070 0.7060

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Europe Europe Europe Caucasus Caucasus Diaspora Europe Europe Diaspora Europe Europe Europe Europe Caucasus Diaspora Europe Caucasus Middle East Diaspora Caucasus Caucasus Caucasus Europe Diaspora Europe Europe Middle East Middle East Diaspora Middle East Diaspora Caucasus Middle East Middle East Caucasus Europe Caucasus Middle East Middle East

DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person http://www.dnatribes.com/snp.html Customer Support: [email protected] 2/11/2013 Page 33 of 39

69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107

Saudi Arabia Aleut Alaska Persian Qatar Egypt 1 Arab Qatar Nogay Tajik North Morocco Bedouin Negev Desert Israel Chuvash Russian Federation Puerto Rico Turkmen Yemen Brahui Pakistan Mozabite Algeria-Mzab Libya Pashtun Pakistan Algeria Balochi Pakistan Makrani Pakistan Burusho Pakistan Tunisia Colombia Morocco Kshatriya Uttar Pradesh India Arain Punjab Pakistan Meena India Native American US and Canada Saharawi Samaritan Sindhi Pakistan Bene Israel India Uzbek Central Asia Kalash Pakistan Mexican-American Los Angeles CA Brahmin Uttar Pradesh India Muslim Uttar Pradesh India Lambadi India Brahmin Tamil Nadu India

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.7058 0.7056 0.7056 0.7055 0.7055 0.7054 0.7050 0.7048 0.7047 0.7047 0.7042 0.7037 0.7037 0.7030 0.7029 0.7027 0.7025 0.7025 0.7019 0.7017 0.7016 0.7015 0.7014 0.7013 0.7012 0.7006 0.7004 0.7003 0.7000 0.6998 0.6995 0.6994 0.6988 0.6987 0.6986 0.6985 0.6983 0.6982 0.6979

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Middle East Diaspora Diaspora Middle East Middle East Caucasus South Asia Africa Middle East Europe Diaspora South Asia Middle East South Asia Africa Africa South Asia Africa South Asia South Asia South Asia Africa Diaspora Africa South Asia South Asia South Asia Diaspora Africa Middle East South Asia Diaspora North Asia South Asia Diaspora South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia

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108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146

Brahmin Andhra Pradesh India Gujarat India Meghawal India Scheduled Caste Uttar Pradesh India Dharkar India Indian Singaporean Nepal Velama India Uyghur China Kurmi India Bengali India South Morocco Cochin Jewish India Dusadh India Hazara Pakistan Tharu India Kanjar India Scheduled Caste Tamil Nadu India Chamar India Ecuador Dominican Republic Mala Andhra Pradesh India Kol India Madiga Andhra Pradesh India Amhara Ethiopia Selkup Russian Federation Tigray Ethiopia Dalit Tamil Nadu India Jewish Ethiopia Gond India Kyrgyz Sakilli India Hakkipikki India Afar Ethiopia Piramalai Kallar India Brahmin Uttaranchal India Western Greenland Coloured Wellington South Africa Chenchu India

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6979 0.6977 0.6975 0.6973 0.6972 0.6972 0.6970 0.6969 0.6966 0.6965 0.6964 0.6961 0.6960 0.6959 0.6958 0.6957 0.6953 0.6947 0.6946 0.6944 0.6938 0.6934 0.6932 0.6930 0.6928 0.6928 0.6922 0.6919 0.6919 0.6917 0.6916 0.6916 0.6915 0.6914 0.6911 0.6910 0.6909 0.6901 0.6900

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South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia Diaspora South Asia South Asia East Asia South Asia South Asia Africa Diaspora South Asia North Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia Diaspora Diaspora South Asia South Asia South Asia Africa North Asia Africa South Asia Diaspora South Asia North Asia South Asia South Asia Africa South Asia South Asia Diaspora Diaspora South Asia

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147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185

North Kannadi India Asur Jharkand India Altai Russian Federation Nihali India Kurumba India Irula South India Oromo Ethiopia Malayan India Ket Russian Federation Ho Bihar India Gadaba Orissa India Mongol Mongolia Santhal Jharkand India Khasi Meghalaya India Mawasi India Dolgan Russian Federation Somali Ethiopia Somalia Bhunjia India Savara Orissa India Bonda Orissa India Tuvinians Russian Federation Pulliyar India Paniya India Buryat Russian Federation Buryat China Yakut Siberia Burma Yukaghir Russian Federation Wolayta Ethiopia Thailand Dhurwa India Malay Singaporean Maya Mexico Kharia Chattishgarh India Cambodia Daur China African Qatar Monguor China

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6894 0.6893 0.6885 0.6883 0.6882 0.6880 0.6875 0.6870 0.6868 0.6865 0.6865 0.6861 0.6860 0.6859 0.6856 0.6854 0.6852 0.6849 0.6843 0.6840 0.6834 0.6834 0.6830 0.6829 0.6825 0.6823 0.6808 0.6808 0.6807 0.6806 0.6805 0.6805 0.6803 0.6802 0.6801 0.6800 0.6796 0.6796 0.6793

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South Asia South Asia North Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia Africa South Asia North Asia South Asia South Asia North Asia South Asia South Asia South Asia North Asia Africa Africa South Asia South Asia South Asia North Asia South Asia South Asia North Asia North Asia North Asia East Asia North Asia Africa East Asia South Asia East Asia Native American South Asia East Asia North Asia Diaspora East Asia

DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person http://www.dnatribes.com/snp.html Customer Support: [email protected] 2/11/2013 Page 36 of 39

186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224

Hezhen China Mongola China Eastern Greenland Garo Meghalaya India Xibo China Juang Orissa India Tibet Evenk Russian Federation Yi China Oroqen China Vietnam Aymara La Paz Bolivia Tujia China Naxi China Miao China Totonac Mexico Fulani Nigeria Han Beijing China Coloured Colesberg South Africa Lahu China Japan Han Southern China Koryak Russian Federation She China Chinese-American Denver CO Iban Borneo Chinese Singaporean Chukchi Russian Federation Dai China Maasai Kenya African-American Southwest USA Ari Cultivator Ethiopia Nganasan Russian Federation Samoa Sandawe Tanzania Naga India Tonga Pima Mexico Hema East-Central Africa

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6790 0.6789 0.6789 0.6789 0.6787 0.6786 0.6783 0.6782 0.6778 0.6778 0.6778 0.6776 0.6775 0.6772 0.6770 0.6768 0.6767 0.6767 0.6766 0.6761 0.6761 0.6761 0.6760 0.6759 0.6759 0.6758 0.6758 0.6757 0.6756 0.6755 0.6751 0.6747 0.6745 0.6732 0.6730 0.6727 0.6721 0.6720 0.6717

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North Asia North Asia Native American South Asia North Asia South Asia East Asia North Asia East Asia North Asia East Asia Native American East Asia East Asia East Asia Native American Africa East Asia Diaspora East Asia East Asia East Asia North Asia East Asia Diaspora East Asia Diaspora North Asia East Asia Africa Diaspora Africa North Asia Oceania Africa East Asia Oceania Native American Africa

DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person http://www.dnatribes.com/snp.html Customer Support: [email protected] 2/11/2013 Page 37 of 39

225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263

Ari Blacksmith Ethiopia Amerindian Colombia Melanesian Bougainville Karitiana Brazil Gumuz Ethiopia Luhya Kenya Xhosa Anuak Ethiopia Bantu Kenya Bulala Chad Igbo Nigeria Fang Cameroon Surui Brazil Mandenka Senegal Alur East-Central Africa Herero South Africa Dogon West Africa Khwe San Caprivi Southern Africa Papuan New Guinea Mada Cameroon Bambara West Africa Nama Khoe Windhoek Namibia South Sudanese Kaba Chad Kongo Bantu South Africa Nguni South Africa Yoruba Nigeria Bamoun Cameroon Brong Ovambo South Africa Pedi South Africa Hausa Nigeria Tswana South Africa Hadza Tanzania Sotho South Africa Khomani San Askham South Africa Khomani San South Africa Karretjie San Colesberg South Africa

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6715 0.6702 0.6674 0.6671 0.6641 0.6637 0.6636 0.6634 0.6634 0.6631 0.6630 0.6626 0.6624 0.6623 0.6620 0.6620 0.6616 0.6615 0.6615 0.6612 0.6611 0.6611 0.6610 0.6609 0.6608 0.6608 0.6607 0.6606 0.6605 0.6605 0.6605 0.6605 0.6603 0.6602 0.6598 0.6581 0.6572 0.6563 0.6562

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Africa Native American Oceania Native American Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Native American Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Oceania Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa

DNA Tribes® SNP Report for Example Ashkenazi Jewish Person http://www.dnatribes.com/snp.html Customer Support: [email protected] 2/11/2013 Page 38 of 39

264 265 266 267 268 269 270

Kung Kalahari Desert Aka Central African Republic Xun San Menongue Angola Gui and Gana San Botswana San Namibia Mbuti East-Central Africa Juoansi San Tsumkwe Namibia

© 2006-2012 DNA Tribes. DNA Tribes®. DNA Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. Satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.

0.6552 0.6552 0.6548 0.6548 0.6513 0.6503 0.6496

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Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa

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